CN106069366B - A kind of warmhouse booth and its application in cultivation of fruit tree - Google Patents
A kind of warmhouse booth and its application in cultivation of fruit tree Download PDFInfo
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- CN106069366B CN106069366B CN201610521822.3A CN201610521822A CN106069366B CN 106069366 B CN106069366 B CN 106069366B CN 201610521822 A CN201610521822 A CN 201610521822A CN 106069366 B CN106069366 B CN 106069366B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of warmhouse booth, belong to wall after agricultural facility and fruit tree cultivation technical field, including soil, be arranged at the side wall and big-canopy framework of the soil Hou Qiang both sides.The present invention discloses a kind of method that cultivation of fruit tree is carried out using the warmhouse booth, be included in 7 breeding times of fruit tree growth, how using warmhouse booth of the present invention progress cultivation of fruit tree management method.Cultivation of fruit tree is carried out using warmhouse booth of the present invention and cultural method, the ecological fruit of high-quality can be produced, and the construction cost of warmhouse booth can be greatly reduced, cultivation of fruit tree high-quality, the purpose of high yield is reached.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural facility technical field, and in particular to a kind of warmhouse booth and its answering in cultivation of fruit tree
With.
Background technology
Warmhouse booth cultivation of fruit tree is integrated application engineer equipment technology, biotechnology and Environmental Technology, is given birth to according to fruit tree
Suitable environment required by long development, carries out the modern agricultural production mode of production of fruit trees.For the special weather of lower latitude plateau
If condition and in recent years influence of the superpower ell Buddhist nun to global climate, warmhouse booth cultivation of fruit tree can improve production of fruit trees and prevent and reduce natural disasters
Ability, effectively evade influence of the natural calamity to production of fruit trees.In addition, lower latitude plateau orchard house facility cultivation, can be fully
Using the sunlight-heat reaources of winter-spring season, the wrong season high-quality fruit of production, product has the stronger market competitiveness.At present, lower latitude plateau
Orchard house's facility cultivation mainly has sun glasshouse and vinyl house two ways.Vinyl house low cost, average cost is 150
Member/square metre, but greenhouse heat-insulating poor performance, the fruit maturity period shifts to an earlier date 7-10 days, and strong frosty weather occurs that greenhouse inversion shows
As.Sun glasshouse's good heat insulating, the fruit maturity period can shift to an earlier date 30 days, and fruit market competitiveness is strong, and price is high, profitable；But
Construction cost is higher, and average cost is 500 yuan/square metre, and mainly rear wall of greenhouse and two brick-on-edge wall costs is higher, such as " a kind of
The semi-open warmhouse booth cultivation technique of Low Latitude Plateau Area peach " discloses a kind of structure of warmhouse booth：The face of warmhouse booth three
For wall, it is connected with steel-pipe welding into independent steelframe booth skeleton with wall；The insect prevention of one layer of 20 mesh is first covered on big-canopy framework
Net, then one layer of heat preservation is covered by (three layers of nonwoven blanket).Fly net is fixed on big-canopy framework with press mold bar, and insulation quilt one end is consolidated
Big-canopy framework top is scheduled on, the other end is fixed on individual volume by cross bar, and volume controls folding and unfolding cotton by cross bar by Cover roller tool device
It is fixedly mounted on there is provided the motor of power on the fixed support connecting rod being connected with Cover roller tool, fixed support connecting rod is by greenhouse
Outside ground provides support.The technological deficiency is：One is that warmhouse booth cost is higher, rear wall of greenhouse and two brick-on-edge wall costs compared with
Height, 500 yuan/square metre are unfavorable for promoting.Two be that greenhouse both sides wall does not have air door, and greenhouse Temperature fall does not reach fruit tree
The requirement of cultivation.Therefore, greenhouse cost can effectively be reduced and can realize the good greenhouse of heat-insulating property again by how designing, and be turned into
Technical problem in the urgent need to address in fruit tree planting technique.
The content of the invention
To solve the above problems, the barren hillside land where it is changed according to mountain topography the invention provides one kind
The quality-high and inexpensive warmhouse booth made and built up, cultivation of fruit tree is carried out using the warmhouse booth, can produce high-quality ecology
Fruit, and the construction cost of warmhouse booth can be greatly reduced, reach the purpose of cultivation of fruit tree harvesting high-quality high-yield.
In order to realize foregoing invention purpose, according to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a kind of warmhouse booth, including soil
Afterwards wall 1, be arranged at the side wall 2 and big-canopy framework 3 of the both sides of wall 1 after the soil, wherein：
The side wall 2 is fixedly connected with wall after soil 1；
The big-canopy framework 3 is fixed with wall after soil 1 to be connected；
Hillside progress transformation of the wall 1 by range of grade at 5 ° -25 ° is formed after the soil, wall 1 and water after the soil
The angular range of plane earth is between 45 ° -95 °.
Further, the side wall 2 is made of insulation material, and temperature adjustment Ventilating door 4 is provided with the side wall 2.
Further, the insulation material thickness is 10-50 centimetres；
Preferred scheme：Insulation material can use sandwich color steel cystosepiment, and thickness is 20cm.
Further, the top intersection of wall 1 and big-canopy framework 3 is provided with gutter 5 after the soil；The gutter
5 extend laterally along big-canopy framework 3；The gutter 5 is used to discharge wall 1 and the ponding at the top of big-canopy framework after soil.
Further, the internal layer covering hyaline membrane of the big-canopy framework 3, outer layer covering waterproof heat preservation quilt, the hyaline membrane
It is fixed on press mold bar on big-canopy framework 1；Described waterproof heat preservation quilt one end is fixed on the top of big-canopy framework 3, and the other end is fixed on
Independent volume is by cross bar；The volume connects Cover roller tool device by cross bar, and in the driving effect of the Cover roller tool device
It is lower that the waterproof heat preservation quilt is rolled up to top from the bottom of big-canopy framework 3, or by the waterproof heat preservation quilt from the top of big-canopy framework 3
It is lowered into bottom.
Further, the big-canopy framework 3 is provided with the second gutter with earth's surface contact position, and the side wall 2 connects with earth's surface
Synapsis is provided with the 3rd gutter.
There is provided a kind of side for applying any of the above-described kind of warmhouse booth to carry out cultivation of fruit tree according to another aspect of the present invention
Method, including：
1) fallen leaves dormancy early stage：Mat formation in bag control slow-release fertilizer upper end drip irrigation zone, using drip irrigation appliance irrigation fertilization, during this
Warmhouse booth does not install hyaline membrane, by it is described it is waterproof thermal-insulated be rolled-up, in Full-open state；
2) fall leaves rest period：Carry out winter pruning, clear garden and spray 5 ° of lime sulfurs, when nocturnal temperature is down to 7.2 DEG C of companies
After continuous 10 days, put down insulation and be such that warmhouse booth holding low temperature；Handle when daily post sunset atmospheric temperature is down to 7.0 DEG C or so
It is waterproof thermal-insulated to be rolled up to the ventilation of warmhouse booth shoulder height position, waterproof heat preservation quilt is put when temperature is down to 6.0 DEG C after next day sunrise
Lower insulation, is so recycled to fruit tree and completes athermobiosis process；
3) before bud is sprouted：Greenhouse hyaline membrane is installed, fruit tree spraying fertilizer is poured water, applied using bag control slow-release fertilizer and drip irrigation appliance
Topdress；The temperature control on daytime is at 15-20 DEG C in greenhouse, and nocturnal temperature is controlled at 5-8 DEG C, is so recycled to fruit tree bud and is sprouted
Afterwards；
4) to florescence after bud is sprouted：Preceding complex shears is spent, no leaf spray and thin and delicate branch is wiped out；Spray 0.3% borax+
The urea of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+0.3；The temperature control on daytime is at 15-20 DEG C in warmhouse booth, and nocturnal temperature is controlled in 7-12
DEG C, humid control is in 50-70%；So it is recycled to Tree Fruit growth period；
5) Xie Huahou is to young fruit period：Utilize bag control slow-release fertilizer and drip irrigation appliance spraying fertilizer, the biphosphate of foliage-spray 0.3%
The urea of potassium+0.3% fruit-promoting fertilizer 2-3 times；The temperature control for carrying out daytime in summer pruning, fruit thinning, set fruit bag, warmhouse booth exists
18-28 DEG C, nocturnal temperature is controlled at 7-12 DEG C, is so recycled to fruit growth period；
6) fruit growth period：Summer pruning, sprays 600 times of fine carbendazim of bacterium azoles+70%, utilizes bag control slow-release fertilizer and drip irrigation
Device, which is applied, to be imposed, and is spaced 15-20 days, is applied fertilizer 2 times, and the temperature control on daytime is in 18-28 DEG C, nocturnal temperature control in warmhouse booth
At 7-12 DEG C, Tree Fruit picking time is so recycled to；
7) fruit harvesting phase to rest period of falling leaves：After Tree Fruit harvesting ,+800 times of propargites of 3% urea are sprayed；Utilize
Bag control slow-release fertilizer and drip irrigation appliance are applied and imposed, and are spaced 15-20 days, are applied fertilizer 2 times, and greenhouse hyaline membrane is removed after fruit harvesting, anti-
Water insulation is rolled up to warmhouse booth framework top and fixed, and warmhouse booth descends ventilation and penetrating light in the raw.
Further, in before 3) bud is sprouted, by the temperature control on daytime in greenhouse in 15-20 DEG C, nocturnal temperature
Control includes at 5-8 DEG C：
When daily atmospheric temperature is 13 DEG C, closes the temperature adjustment Ventilating door 2, put down hyaline membrane, be laid down waterproof thermal-insulated；
When next day atmospheric temperature is more than 15 DEG C, warmhouse booth framework top is rolled up to waterproof thermal-insulated, the temperature adjustment Ventilating door is opened
2nd, hyaline membrane ventilation is rolled；Spray cooling when temperature reaches 25 DEG C in warmhouse booth.
Further, after 4) bud is sprouted into florescence, by the temperature control on daytime in warmhouse booth in 15-20
DEG C, nocturnal temperature is controlled at 7-12 DEG C, and humid control includes in 50-70%：
When daily atmospheric temperature is 13 DEG C, closes the temperature adjustment Ventilating door 2, put down hyaline membrane, be laid down waterproof thermal-insulated
Insulation；When next day atmospheric temperature is more than 15 DEG C, warmhouse booth framework top is rolled up to waterproof thermal-insulated, the temperature adjustment is opened saturating
Valve 2, roll hyaline membrane ventilation；When temperature is less than 50% more than 20 DEG C, humidity in warmhouse booth, water spray increase is wet in canopy
Degree, cooling.
Further, thanked described in 5) after spending into young fruit period, by the temperature control on daytime in warmhouse booth at 18-28 DEG C,
Nocturnal temperature control includes at 7-12 DEG C：
When daily atmospheric temperature is 17 DEG C, closes the temperature adjustment Ventilating door 2, put down hyaline membrane, be laid down waterproof thermal-insulated
Insulation；When next day atmospheric temperature is more than 18 DEG C, warmhouse booth framework top is rolled up to waterproof thermal-insulated, the temperature adjustment is opened saturating
Valve 2, roll hyaline membrane ventilation；When temperature is more than 30 DEG C in warmhouse booth, spray cooling in canopy.
Further, 6) fruit growth is interim, by the temperature control on daytime in warmhouse booth in 18-28 DEG C, night
Temperature control includes at 7-12 DEG C：
When daily atmospheric temperature is 17 DEG C, closes the temperature adjustment Ventilating door 2, put down hyaline membrane, be laid down waterproof thermal-insulated
Insulation；When next day atmospheric temperature is more than 18 DEG C, warmhouse booth framework top is rolled up to waterproof thermal-insulated, the temperature adjustment is opened saturating
Valve 2, roll hyaline membrane ventilation.
Above-mentioned cultivation of fruit tree method is primarily adapted for applying in the cultivations of fruit tree such as peach, Japanese plum, apricot or cherry tree.
The present invention combines the present situation of mountain area Fruit Trees Development, makes full use of the accumulation of heat on daytime of nature cob wall, the spy of night radiating
Point, using natural resources regulating and controlling temperature, solves the problem of hillside orchard warmhouse booth Facilities Construction, the gradient is larger, soil is difficult
With the region utilized, suit measures to local conditions, by reasonable reformation, to build cultivation of fruit tree warmhouse booth, reduce warmhouse booth construction cost；
The present invention at least has the advantages that：
1. the present invention soil after wall by range of grade 5 ° -25 ° hillside carry out transformation form, the gradient it is larger,
The region that soil is difficult by, suits measures to local conditions, by reconstruction of mountainous region, cultivation of fruit tree warmhouse booth to be built, so as to reduce greenhouse construction
Cost 30% or so.
2. the top intersection of wall and big-canopy framework is provided with gutter after the soil of the present invention, gutter is used to discharge mud
Wall and the ponding at the top of big-canopy framework, wall after soil can be protected well after soil.
3. the big-canopy framework of the present invention is provided with the second gutter with earth's surface contact position, the side wall is set with earth's surface contact position
The 3rd gutter is equipped with, so that warmhouse booth surrounding has gutter, gutter is formed with Tu Gou or with brick, can be very
Construction cost is reduced well, and causes landslide or flood beneficial to prevention heavy rain.
4. the side wall of warmhouse booth both sides is made of insulation material, and it is provided with the side wall temperature adjustment Ventilating door.
By opening and closing temperature adjustment Ventilating door, ventilation hyaline membrane is put down, the measure such as insulation and cooling, maximum are laid down waterproof thermal-insulated
Meet to limit demand of the fruit tree growth to the condition such as illumination, temperature, ventilated, thus realize by it is simple and mechanical operation be
Fruit tree growth creates an ecological environment, and reduce further use operating cost 10% or so.
5. top dressing fruit tree is combined using bag control slow-release fertilizer with drip irrigation zone, fertilizer application amount and fertigation recruitment are reduced,
Reduce Productive statistics and excessive using chemical fertilizer pollution on the environment.
6. chamber facility uses easy to operate, laborsaving, saving of labor, operating cost is reduced.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of warmhouse booth；
Each label lists as follows in figure：
Wall, 2- side wall 3- big-canopy frameworks, 4- temperature adjustments Ventilating door, 5- gutters after 1- soil
Embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention of greater clarity, with reference to embodiment and join
According to accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.It should be understood that these descriptions are merely illustrative, and it is not intended to limit this hair
Bright scope.In addition, in the following description, the description to known features and technology is eliminated, to avoid unnecessarily obscuring this
The concept of invention.
As shown in figure 1, a kind of warmhouse booth, including wall 1 after soil, it is arranged at side wall 2, the greenhouse of the both sides of wall 1 after soil
Temperature adjustment Ventilating door 4 and gutter 5 on skeleton 3, side wall 2.
From ordinary greenhouse greenhouse maximum unlike, after the soil in the present embodiment wall 1 by range of grade at 5 ° -25 °
Hillside carry out transformation form, wall 1 and the angular range of level ground are between 45 ° -95 ° after the soil.Due to barren hillside
Ground water shortage all the year round, adds soil erosion, soil layer, in order to allow hillside fields plantation preferably, can be with heavy-duty machines by 5-25 ° of famine
Hillside is transformed into level terraced field, and it is that within 40-95 °, wall 1 is needed after improved soil with the angle of wall 1 after soil to make terraced fields plane
Will be by 1-2 weatherings, in order to avoid cause landslide and mud-rock flow.Further, 40-50CM of underground soil layer is entered
Row is ploughed deeply, and carries out tractor-ploughing machine rake ridging, and it is just buried or transport to run into stone, and barren hillside is transformed into terraced field upon terraced field, terraced fields from
The foot of the hill is around to mountain top, and the conventional landform of change is steep, the narrow severe water and soil erosion situation caused in plot, is conducive to water-retaining effect, also
The ability that plot is withstood natural calamities can be strengthened by conveyance systems such as ditch, pond, roads.
Warmhouse booth both walls 2 are made of insulation material, and thickness is 10-50cm, preferably using the sandwich of 20cm thickness
The insulation material of color steel cystosepiment, and it is provided with side wall 2 temperature adjustment Ventilating door 4.By opening and closing temperature adjustment Ventilating door 4,
Ventilation hyaline membrane is put down, the measure such as insulation and cooling is laid down waterproof thermal-insulated, reduce further and use operating cost 10%
Left and right.
The internal layer covering hyaline membrane of the big-canopy framework 3 of warmhouse booth, outer layer covering waterproof heat preservation quilt.Hyaline membrane press mold bar
It is fixed on big-canopy framework 3；Waterproof heat preservation quilt one end is fixed on the top of big-canopy framework 3, and it is horizontal that the other end is fixed on independent volume
On bar；The volume connects Cover roller tool device by cross bar, and protects the waterproof under the driving effect of the Cover roller tool device
Temperature is rolled up to top from the bottom of big-canopy framework 3, or from the top of big-canopy framework 3 waterproof heat preservation quilt is lowered into bottom.
The internal layer covering hyaline membrane of the big-canopy framework 3 of warmhouse booth, outer layer covering waterproof heat preservation quilt.Hyaline membrane press mold bar
It is fixed on big-canopy framework 3；Waterproof heat preservation quilt one end is fixed on the top of big-canopy framework 3, and it is horizontal that the other end is fixed on independent volume
On bar；The volume connects Cover roller tool device by cross bar, and protects the waterproof under the driving effect of the Cover roller tool device
Temperature is rolled up to top from the bottom of big-canopy framework 3, or from the top of big-canopy framework 3 waterproof heat preservation quilt is lowered into bottom.
The top intersection of wall 1 and big-canopy framework 3 is provided with gutter 5 after soil, and the gutter 5 is horizontal along big-canopy framework 1
To extension.It is for discharging wall 1 and the ponding at the top of big-canopy framework 3 after soil to set the purpose of gutter 5.In addition, big in greenhouse
Canopy skeleton 3 is provided with the second gutter with earth's surface contact position, and both walls 2 and earth's surface contact position are provided with the 3rd gutter,
So that warmhouse booth surrounding has gutter, gutter forms with Tu Gou or with brick, can well reduce and build into
This, and cause landslide or flood beneficial to prevention heavy rain.
It should also be noted that, side wall 2 is fixedly connected with wall after soil 1 with mixed mud；Big-canopy framework 3 and wall 1 after soil
Also linking is fixed with mixed mud.
The method that cultivation of fruit tree is carried out using above-mentioned warmhouse booth：
Fallen leaves dormancy early stage：September-mid-October, the root system of the fruit tree such as peach, cherry will enter second summit of growth.
Base manure is applied before fruit tree root growth peak, based on the organic fertilizers such as farm manure, coordinates the fertilizer such as general calcium, potash fertilizer.Fertilizer is equal
It is even to be sprinkling upon the native surface of warmhouse booth, plough is turned over the full garden of rotary cultivator, orchard weed, fertilizer are ploughed under depth of soil for 20-50 centimetres
Fruit tree Root Distribution layer；Applying fruit trees with fertilizer amount is determined according to output of the fruit tree, soil fertility during fertilising.Best fruiting period cherry tree, which is applied, to be had
30kg/ plants of machine fertilizer, 50kg/ plants of peach application of organic fertilizers coordinates 5kg/ plants of general calcium, 0.3kg/ plants of potash fertilizer；Basal dressing, which coordinates, pours water
Every plant is set 30 kilograms；Then 10 cm thick fertile soil heat and moisture preservings are covered.Smooth warmhouse booth soil surface, peach, cherry treelet
4 bags of bag control slow-release fertilizers are placed, best fruiting period peach places 10 bag/plant bag control slow-release fertilizers.Mat formation in bag control slow-release fertilizer upper end drip irrigation zone,
Utilize drip irrigation appliance irrigation fertilization.Warmhouse booth does not install hyaline membrane, and waterproof thermal-insulated be rolled-up is fixed on top of greenhouse, in complete
Open state.
Fall leaves rest period：Mid or late October cherry tree starts to fall leaves, late October-mid-November, the fruit such as peach, apricot, plum
Tree starts that fallen leaves, root growth be slow, bud differentiation is basically completed.After the Frost's Descent climate and other natural phenomena of a season, fruit tree starts fallen leaves and enters rest period.Really
Tree rest period carries out winter pruning, clear garden and sprays 5 ° of lime sulfurs, eliminates the germ survived the winter, worm's ovum, reduces disease pest radix.When
Nocturnal temperature is down to after 7.2 DEG C, continuous 10 days, start to put down it is waterproof thermal-insulated be kept low temperature, lasting low of control warmhouse booth
Warm environment, it is ensured that fruit tree passes through athermobiosis.Specific method is：Handle is anti-when daily post sunset atmospheric temperature is down to 7.0 DEG C or so
Water insulation is rolled up to the ventilation of warmhouse booth shoulder height position, is laid down when temperature is down to 6.0 DEG C after next day sunrise waterproof thermal-insulated
Insulation, is so recycled to fruit tree and completes athermobiosis process.
Before bud is sprouted：According to the chilling requirement of the fruit tree different cultivars such as peach, cherry, apricot, calculated with still its model or bud
Termination of diapause is determined, and determines the time that the different fruit varieties such as peach, cherry, apricot pass through dormancy.After fruit tree is by athermobiosis, peace
Fill greenhouse hyaline membrane.Bud scale sprays 3 ° of imidacloprids of 75% Bravo of lime sulfur+800 times+10% (now with existing when loosening
With).Fruit tree spraying fertilizer is poured water, using bag control slow-release fertilizer and drip irrigation appliance spraying fertilizer, 2 tons/mu of pouring water；Interval 7-10 days, fertilising 2
It is secondary.The temperature control that bud is sprouted daytime in preceding greenhouse is at 15-20 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is controlled at 5-8 DEG C.Specific method is：Often
When its atmospheric temperature is 13 DEG C, closes plastic greenhouse temperature adjustment Ventilating door 2, put down hyaline membrane, be laid down waterproof thermal-insulated；Next day is big
When temperature degree is more than 15 DEG C, warmhouse booth framework top is rolled up to waterproof thermal-insulated, the temperature adjustment Ventilating door 2 is opened, rolls
Hyaline membrane is divulged information；Spray cooling when temperature reaches 25 DEG C in warmhouse booth, is so recycled to after fruit tree bud sprouts.
Bud sprout after to florescence：Complex shears before the fruit blossoms such as peach, cherry, wipes out no leaf spray and thin and delicate branch；Cherry is smeared
Except excessive bud；Peach keeps rationally uniformly staying spur from fruit spur every stays 1-3 flower, and middle long fruit branch is per 15-20 centimetres
Stay 1-2 flower；Apricot is tried one's best reservation bud, not flower thinning.Fruit tree full-bloom stage, the morning 9:00-10:00 fruit tree sprays 0.3% boron
The urea of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of sand+0.3%+0.3, is spaced 3-5 days, continuously sprays 2-3 times.The temperature control on daytime in this phase warmhouse booth
System is at 15-20 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is controlled at 7-12 DEG C, and humid control is in 50-70%.Specific method is：
When daily atmospheric temperature is 13 DEG C, closes the temperature adjustment Ventilating door 2, put down hyaline membrane, be laid down waterproof thermal-insulated
Insulation；When next day atmospheric temperature is more than 15 DEG C, warmhouse booth framework top is rolled up to waterproof thermal-insulated, the temperature adjustment is opened saturating
Valve 2, roll hyaline membrane ventilation；When temperature is less than 50% more than 20 DEG C, humidity in warmhouse booth, water spray increase is wet in canopy
Degree, cooling.Xie Huahou is to young fruit period：600 times of 50% imidacloprid of zineb+10% is sprayed in leaf bud sprouting, leaf stretching period, every 7-10
My god, it is continuous 2-3 times.Applied and imposed using bag control slow-release fertilizer and drip irrigation appliance, is spaced 7-10 days, applied fertilizer 2 times.Foliage-spray 0.3%
The urea of potassium dihydrogen phosphate+0.3% fruit-promoting fertilizer 2-3 times.Summer pruning, removes sick branch, back branch, prosperous long shoot.Second of physiology
Fruit thinning after shedding, cherry, apricot, plum remove disease pest fruit, malformed fruit；Peach fruit spur, bouquet shape fruit branch stay 1 fruit/branch, middle length
Stay 1 fruit in 15-20 centimetres of fruit branch interval.Cherry, plum, apricot not bagging；Sprayed before Peach fruits bagging 70% thiophanate methyl+
50% Bravo, which is converted into, is mixed into 24% efficient chlorine fluorine hydrogen chrysanthemum ester 15-20ml (plus a small amount of washing powder), fruit face medicine after 600-800 times of liquid
After liquid is dry, using Low Latitude Plateau Area special fruit bag bagging immediately.The temperature control on daytime is in 18-28 in this phase warmhouse booth
DEG C, nocturnal temperature is controlled at 7-12 DEG C.Specific method is：When daily atmospheric temperature is 17 DEG C, the closing temperature adjustment Ventilating door 2,
Hyaline membrane is put down, insulation is laid down waterproof thermal-insulated；When next day atmospheric temperature is more than 18 DEG C, greenhouse is rolled up to waterproof thermal-insulated
Greenhouse framework top, opens the temperature adjustment Ventilating door 2, rolls hyaline membrane ventilation；When temperature is more than 30 DEG C in warmhouse booth, canopy
Interior spray cooling, is so recycled to fruit growth period.
Fruit growth period：Summer pruning, removes sick branch, back branch, overstocked branch, upright prosperous long shoot；Monthly 1 time.Spray
The 600 times of fine carbendazim of bacterium azoles+70% prevention fruit diseases.Applied and imposed using bag control slow-release fertilizer and drip irrigation appliance, be spaced 15-20
My god, apply fertilizer 2 times.The temperature control on daytime is at 18-28 DEG C in this phase warmhouse booth, and nocturnal temperature is controlled at 7-12 DEG C.Specific side
Method is：When daily atmospheric temperature is 17 DEG C, closes greenhouse both sides air door, put down ventilation plastic foil, cotton-wadded quilt is put down insulation；It is secondary
When day atmospheric temperature is more than 18 DEG C, cotton-wadded quilt is rolled up to warmhouse booth framework top, greenhouse both sides air door is opened, rolls ventilation
Plastic foil is divulged information；So it is recycled to Tree Fruit picking time.
Fruit harvesting phase to rest period of falling leaves：According to the requirement of target market, the ripe harvesting of 9 layers of cherry fruit；Apricot, plum fruit
Real 7-9 layers of ripe harvesting；7-10 days before Peach fruits harvesting, it will be extractd in the middle part of the outer bag of special fruit bag, fruit color；Fruit color
Afterwards, with inner bag together picking fruit.Respectively according to the fruit tree grade scale such as cherry, apricot, plum, cherry, apricot, plum classification are wrapped
Dress.Before Peach fruits classification packaging, inner bag, classification packaging are extractd.After Tree Fruit harvesting ,+800 times of propargites of 3% urea are sprayed；
August is applied using bag control slow-release fertilizer and drip irrigation appliance and imposed if any period of short-term drought, is spaced 15-20 days, is applied fertilizer 2 times.After fruit harvesting
Greenhouse hyaline membrane is removed immediately, the waterproof thermal-insulated warmhouse booth framework top that is rolled up to is fixed, and allows warmhouse booth to be in nature
Ventilation and penetrating light under state.
Warmhouse booth and the application in cultivation of fruit tree that above-described embodiment is announced, at least have the advantages that：
1. the present invention soil after wall 1 by range of grade 5 ° -25 ° hillside carry out transformation form, the gradient it is larger,
The region that soil is difficult by, suits measures to local conditions, by reconstruction of mountainous region, cultivation of fruit tree warmhouse booth to be built, so as to reduce greenhouse construction
Cost 30% or so.
2. the top intersection of wall 1 and big-canopy framework 3 is provided with gutter 5 after the soil of the present invention；The edge of gutter 5
Big-canopy framework 3 is extended laterally；The gutter 5 is used to discharge wall 1 and the ponding at the top of big-canopy framework after soil, can protect well
Protect wall 1 after soil.
3. the big-canopy framework 3 of the present invention is provided with the second gutter, the side wall 2 and earth's surface contact position with earth's surface contact position
The 3rd gutter is provided with, so that warmhouse booth surrounding has gutter, gutter is formed with Tu Gou or with brick, energy
Construction cost is reduced well, and causes landslide or flood beneficial to prevention heavy rain.
4. the side wall 2 of warmhouse booth both sides is made of insulation material, and is provided with temperature adjustment Ventilating door on the side wall 2
2.By opening and closing temperature adjustment Ventilating door, ventilation hyaline membrane is put down, the measure such as insulation and cooling is laid down waterproof thermal-insulated, most
Demand of the fruit tree growth to the condition such as illumination, temperature, ventilated is met to limits, so as to realize by simple and mechanical operation
An ecological environment is created for fruit tree growth, and reduce further use operating cost 10% or so.
5. top dressing fruit tree is combined using bag control slow-release fertilizer with drip irrigation zone, fertilizer application amount and fertigation recruitment are reduced,
Reduce Productive statistics and excessive using chemical fertilizer pollution on the environment.
6. warmhouse booth facility uses easy to operate, laborsaving, saving of labor, operating cost is reduced.
It should be appreciated that the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention is used only for exemplary illustration or explains the present invention's
Principle, without being construed as limiting the invention.Therefore, that is done without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention is any
Modification, equivalent substitution, improvement etc., should be included in the scope of the protection.In addition, appended claims purport of the present invention
Covering the whole changes fallen into scope and border or this scope and the equivalents on border and repairing
Change example.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of warmhouse booth, it is characterised in that including wall after soil (1), be arranged at the side wall of wall (1) both sides after the soil
And big-canopy framework (3) (2)；
The side wall (2) is fixedly connected with wall after soil (1)；
The big-canopy framework (3) is connected with wall after soil (1) fixation；
Hillside progress transformation of the wall (1) by range of grade at 5 ° -25 ° is formed after the soil, wall (1) and water after the soil
The angular range of plane earth is between 45 ° -95 °；
The side wall (2) is made of insulation material, and the insulation material selects sandwich color steel cystosepiment, and the insulation material is thick
Spend for 20cm；Temperature adjustment Ventilating door (4) is provided with the side wall (2)；
The internal layer covering hyaline membrane of the big-canopy framework (3), outer layer covering waterproof heat preservation quilt, the hyaline membrane is fixed with press mold bar
On big-canopy framework (3)；Described waterproof heat preservation quilt one end is fixed on big-canopy framework (3) top, and the other end is fixed on independent volume
By on cross bar；The volume connects Cover roller tool device by cross bar, and will be described under the driving effect of the Cover roller tool device
Waterproof heat preservation quilt is rolled up to top from big-canopy framework (3) bottom, or the waterproof heat preservation quilt is put down from big-canopy framework (3) top
To bottom；
The top intersection of wall (1) and big-canopy framework (3) is provided with gutter (5) after the soil；The gutter (5) is along big
Canopy skeleton (3) is extended laterally；The gutter (5) is used to discharge wall after soil (1) and the ponding at the top of big-canopy framework (3)；
The big-canopy framework (3) is provided with the second gutter with earth's surface contact position, and the side wall (2) is provided with earth's surface contact position
3rd gutter.
2. a kind of cultivation of fruit tree method, it is characterised in that the warmhouse booth described in application claim 1 carries out cultivation of fruit tree, bag
Include：
(1) fallen leaves dormancy early stage：Mat formation in bag control slow-release fertilizer upper end drip irrigation zone, using drip irrigation appliance irrigation fertilization, temperature during this
Room greenhouse does not install hyaline membrane, by it is described it is waterproof thermal-insulated be rolled-up, in Full-open state；
(2) fall leaves rest period：Carry out winter pruning, clear garden and spray 5 ° of lime sulfurs, when nocturnal temperature is down to 7.2 DEG C continuous 10
After it, put down the waterproof thermal-insulated warmhouse booth that is such that and keep low temperature；Handle when daily post sunset atmospheric temperature is down to 7.0 DEG C or so
It is waterproof thermal-insulated to be rolled up to the ventilation of warmhouse booth shoulder height position, waterproof heat preservation quilt is put when temperature is down to 6.0 DEG C after next day sunrise
Lower insulation, is so recycled to fruit tree and completes athermobiosis process；
(3) before bud is sprouted：Greenhouse hyaline membrane is installed, fruit tree spraying fertilizer is poured water, applied and chased after using bag control slow-release fertilizer and drip irrigation appliance
Fertilizer；The temperature control on daytime is at 15-20 DEG C in greenhouse, and nocturnal temperature is controlled at 5-8 DEG C, is so recycled to fruit tree bud and is sprouted
Afterwards；
(4) to florescence after bud is sprouted：Preceding complex shears is spent, no leaf spray and thin and delicate branch is wiped out；Spray 0.3% borax+0.3%
The urea of potassium dihydrogen phosphate+0.3；The temperature control on daytime is at 15-20 DEG C in warmhouse booth, and nocturnal temperature is controlled at 7-12 DEG C, wet
Degree control is in 50-70%；So it is recycled to Tree Fruit growth period；
(5) Xie Huahou is to young fruit period：Using bag control slow-release fertilizer and drip irrigation appliance spraying fertilizer, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of foliage-spray 0.3%+
0.3% urea fruit-promoting fertilizer 2-3 times；The temperature control on daytime in summer pruning, fruit thinning, set fruit bag, warmhouse booth is carried out in 18-28
DEG C, nocturnal temperature is controlled at 7-12 DEG C, is so recycled to fruit growth period；
(6) fruit growth period：Summer pruning, sprays 600 times of fine carbendazim of bacterium azoles+70%, is filled using bag control slow-release fertilizer and drip irrigation
Put to apply and impose, be spaced 15-20 days, apply fertilizer 2 times, the temperature control on daytime is at 18-28 DEG C in warmhouse booth, and nocturnal temperature control exists
7-12 DEG C, so it is recycled to Tree Fruit picking time；
(7) fruit harvesting phase to rest period of falling leaves：After Tree Fruit harvesting ,+800 times of propargites of 3% urea are sprayed；Controlled using bag
Slow-release fertilizer and drip irrigation appliance, which are applied, to be imposed, and is spaced 15-20 days, is applied fertilizer 2 times, and greenhouse hyaline membrane is removed after fruit harvesting, waterproof is protected
Temperature is rolled up to warmhouse booth framework top and fixed, and warmhouse booth descends ventilation and penetrating light in the raw.
3. cultivation of fruit tree method according to claim 2, wherein, the bud sprout before in, by the temperature on daytime in greenhouse
Degree control is at 15-20 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature control includes at 5-8 DEG C：
When daily atmospheric temperature is 13 DEG C, closes the temperature adjustment Ventilating door (4), put down hyaline membrane, be laid down waterproof thermal-insulated；It is secondary
When day atmospheric temperature is more than 15 DEG C, warmhouse booth framework top is rolled up to waterproof thermal-insulated, the temperature adjustment Ventilating door is opened
(4) hyaline membrane ventilation, is rolled；Spray cooling when temperature reaches 25 DEG C in warmhouse booth.
4. cultivation of fruit tree method according to claim 2, wherein, the bud sprout after into florescence, greenhouse is big
The temperature control on daytime is at 15-20 DEG C in canopy, and nocturnal temperature is controlled at 7-12 DEG C, and humid control includes in 50-70%：
When daily atmospheric temperature is 13 DEG C, closes the temperature adjustment Ventilating door (4), put down hyaline membrane, guarantor is laid down waterproof thermal-insulated
Temperature；When next day atmospheric temperature is more than 15 DEG C, warmhouse booth framework top is rolled up to waterproof thermal-insulated, the temperature adjustment is opened and breathes freely
Door (4), roll hyaline membrane ventilation；When temperature is less than 50% more than 20 DEG C, humidity in warmhouse booth, water spray increase is wet in canopy
Degree, cooling.
5. cultivation of fruit tree method according to claim 2, wherein, it is described thank spend after into young fruit period, by warmhouse booth
The temperature control on daytime is at 18-28 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature control includes at 7-12 DEG C：
When daily atmospheric temperature is 17 DEG C, closes the temperature adjustment Ventilating door (4), put down hyaline membrane, guarantor is laid down waterproof thermal-insulated
Temperature；When next day atmospheric temperature is more than 18 DEG C, warmhouse booth framework top is rolled up to waterproof thermal-insulated, the temperature adjustment is opened and breathes freely
Door (4), roll hyaline membrane ventilation；When temperature is more than 30 DEG C in warmhouse booth, spray cooling in canopy.
6. cultivation of fruit tree method according to claim 2, wherein, the fruit growth is interim, by daytime in warmhouse booth
Temperature control at 18-28 DEG C, nocturnal temperature control includes at 7-12 DEG C：
When daily atmospheric temperature is 17 DEG C, closes the temperature adjustment Ventilating door (4), put down hyaline membrane, guarantor is laid down waterproof thermal-insulated
Temperature；When next day atmospheric temperature is more than 18 DEG C, warmhouse booth framework top is rolled up to waterproof thermal-insulated, the temperature adjustment is opened and breathes freely
Door (4), roll hyaline membrane ventilation.
7. cultivation of fruit tree method according to claim 2, wherein, the fruit tree is peach, Japanese plum, apricot or cherry tree.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106561394A (en) * | 2016-11-12 | 2017-04-19 | 洱源县印象林果庄园有限公司 | Cultivation method for promoting large cherries to ripen earlier by utilizing natural climate in plateau area |
| CN106937572A (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2017-07-11 | 石台县秋浦农业科技有限公司 | A kind of vineyard mechanized cultivation managing device |
| CN109479574A (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2019-03-19 | 山东省果树研究所 | A kind of apricot Protectorate cultivation greenhouse and its temprature control method |
| CN107494151A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2017-12-22 | 砀山县鼎丰源家庭农场 | A kind of precocious canopy formula cultural method of pear tree |
| CN109121992B (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2020-09-29 | 昆明金沃土生态种植有限公司 | Low-latitude plateau area disaster avoidance type fruit tree greenhouse cultivation method |
| CN113174970A (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2021-07-27 | 三峡大学 | Ecological slope protection system with pre-buried drip irrigation intercepting ditches and lattice beams and construction method |
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