CN103960105A - Three-dimensional pawpaw and pineapple cultivation method - Google Patents
Three-dimensional pawpaw and pineapple cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103960105A CN103960105A CN201410236119.9A CN201410236119A CN103960105A CN 103960105 A CN103960105 A CN 103960105A CN 201410236119 A CN201410236119 A CN 201410236119A CN 103960105 A CN103960105 A CN 103960105A
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- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 244000099147 Ananas comosus Species 0.000 title abstract 3
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 35
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- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 20
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- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
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- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional pawpaw and pineapple cultivation method which comprises the following steps: 1, selecting a winter-warming type greenhouse; 2, improving the soil and adjusting the acidity, namely, deeply turning over the soil for 0.6-0.8cm before the greenhouse is built, and when the soil is deeply turned over, spreading 25m<3>+/-5m<3> of cow dung per mu and meanwhile spreading 100kg+/-25kg of sulfur powder per mu; 3, planting time, namely, planting in spring when the indoor temperature is more than 15 DEG C, wherein vegetatively propagated pawpaw seedlings which are planted within a period from October to November last year; 4, managing after planting, namely, fertilizing, drying, watering, managing the tree bodies and preventing and preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests; and 5, harvesting and packaging fruits. The three-dimensional cultivation mode is adopted on the basis of the height difference of pawpaw and pineapple plants and the different requirements on illumination intensity, the utilization rate of the greenhouse and the land is improved, and the economic and social benefits are high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fruit spatial planting technology field, particularly one pawpaw and pineapple stereo cultivation method under northern amblent air temperature condition.
Background technology
Pawpaw and pineapple belong to tropical fruit (tree), due to the restriction of climatic environment, seldom plant in the north, even if what have plantation is all also single-mode plantation in booth separately, and product quality, taste bad will, yield poorly, in prior art, do not adopt the implantation methods of pawpaw and pineapple vertical cultivation pattern.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is exactly the problems referred to above that exist for solving prior art, and a kind of pawpaw and pineapple stereo cultivation method are provided; Utilize the different employing vertical cultivation patterns of pawpaw and pineapple plant height difference, needed intensity of illumination, booth and land utilization rate are improved, economic benefit is high, by cultivating at northern winter warm type big shack, good product quality, haulage time is short, makes the consumer of northern area can taste in time the local flavor of southern tropical mature fruit, improves quality of the life.
The technical scheme of technical solution problem of the present invention is:
A kind of pawpaw and pineapple stereo cultivation method, comprise the following steps:
1. select winter warm type green house;
2. soil melioration and acidity adjustment: before booth is built canopy, soil is all ploughed deeply 0.6-0.8cm, and because soils of north China alkalescence is larger, while ploughing deeply, every mu is spread 25m
3± 5m
3cow dung, simultaneously every mu is spread the Cosan of 100kg ± 25kg, to regulate the pH value of soil, the lasting period reaches 3 years;
3. the field planting time: with spring indoor temperature reach more than 15 ° and start field planting, pawpaw seedling adopts and 10-11 month sowed vegetative nursery stock at upper 1 year, concrete steps are:
A. whole furrow: North and South direction is according to the whole furrow of furrow spacing, the ridging of 1.5m in booth;
B. pawpaw, according to 3m × (1.2-1.5) line-spacing-spacing in the rows northwestward of m is planted on ridge to tilting 45 °-50 °, separates by middle ridge between two adjacent ridge pawpaws;
C. pineapple is planted on furrow face according to line-spacing-spacing in the rows of (0.5-1) m × 0.2m;
4. the management after field planting, comprises the following steps:
A. fertilising: carry out fertilising in early stage for after field planting one month, Application Ratio N/P/K is 1:1:1, and the Application Ratio N/P/K that middle and later periods and flowering stage adopt is 1:1:1.2;
B. draw dry: in the time that pawpaw plant strain growth height reaches 0.5m left and right, draw for the first time dryly, drawing for the first time dry direction is 45 ° of direction oblique pulls northwestwards; In the time that pawpaw growing height reaches 0.8m left and right, draw for the second time dry at equidirectional; In the time that pawpaw growing height reaches 1m left and right, draw for the third time dry at equidirectional; Drawing dry rudiment of simultaneously erasing between axil;
C. water: according to soil moisture content, in 5-15 days, irrigate ground water spring and summer once, proper extension when winter;
D. set body management:
I) pawpaw florescence pollination: every morning is carried out artificial pollination, to increase the quantity of female melon and to improve the yield and quality of female melon; The malformed fruit occurring after bearing fruit is extractd at any time; Note at any time fruit thinning, keep a petiole place to retain a pawpaw;
Ii) pineapple: when the blade of pineapple individual plant length 0.30-0.35m reaches 30 or when above, carry out artificial flower forcing, artificial flower forcing adopts the water of 800-1000ppm concentration and ethrel mixed liquor to fill with the heart, and heart amount 50g ± 5g left and right is filled with in every strain;
E. the extermination of disease and insect pest:
I) carbon bamboo disease, the leaf spot pawpaw suffered from, two spotted spider mite, slug insect pest adopt prophylactico-therapeutic measures in time according to generating object;
Ii) leaf spot, the heart rot that pineapple are occurred are taked prophylactico-therapeutic measures in time according to generating object;
5. fruit is gathered and is packed:
I) when pawpaw is gathered, handle with care, down, control fruit juice pollutes fruit face in carpopodium position when gathering packed and transported, and before transport, chuck net is avoided crowded evil idea and the hard defects in transportation;
Ii) pineapple can reach 50% or slightly gather more than 50% time in yellow color in the time of short-distance transport, in the time of long-distance transport, can in the time that yellow color reaches 25%, gather, and reduces packaging and damage in transit.
5 °-32 ° of the temperature of described green house, relative moisture 65% one 75%.
Uniform plantation two row pineapples between two adjacent ridges, the distance between two adjacent row pineapples and between every row pineapple and adjacent ridge is 0.5m.
Adopt sprinkling irrigation mode to reduce indoor temperature, increase air humidity.
Described winter warm type green house comprises booth, rich water feed system, temperature control system, it is characterized in that, described booth comprises the body of wall at four sides, be supported on the arch form steel skeleton increasing gradually on body of wall from south to north, separate the management house of construction with a side wall body, with opposite side wall connecting be provided with notch cuttype walking channel upwards, described body of wall is located on the reinforced concrete beds of bottom, described body of wall top is covered with upper reinforcement concrete, wherein east side body of wall, west side body of wall, north side body of wall is high, southern side body of wall is low, described body of wall comprises interior brick-on-edge wall, outer brick-on-edge wall, wherein the inner side of outer brick-on-edge wall is provided with plastic, thermal-insulation plate, between warming plate and interior brick-on-edge wall, be provided with pearlite insulating layer, described upper reinforcement concrete is provided with air-vent, described air-vent bottom is communicated with pearlite insulating layer, described air-vent is provided with the atmosphere tube connector being sealed and matched, atmosphere tube connector is provided with tarpaulin, described arch form steel skeleton is being provided with slope near body of wall place, north side, described slope is provided with armoured concrete slab, on armoured concrete slab, be covered with insulation film made, on insulation film made, be covered with insulation material, the body of wall of described management house is provided with transom, described transom is provided with fly net, between described booth and management house, separate by hermatic door to be opened/closed, hermatic door top is provided with double-layer transparent glass, and the bottom, doorway of described management house is provided with the baffle plate being sealed and matched with ground and both sides metope, state booth inside with the ground of north side body of wall contact position on be provided with the artificial channel of laying brick, the southern side of artificial channel is provided with column, builds ceiling on artificial channel top.
Described arch form steel skeleton comprises top boom, lower boom, described top boom, the two ends up and down of lower boom respectively with north side body of wall, the prefabricated steel welding on body of wall top, southern side, described top boom, between lower boom, connect by many braces, described arch form steel skeleton is being provided with the ventilative window in bottom near body of wall place, southern side, be provided with ventilative window near high-order bit place, described transom opening's edge booth east-west direction and is connected setting, the described bottom window of breathing freely, the ventilative window in top is provided with fly net, be provided with insulating plastic pipe on arch form steel skeleton top, be provided with insulation material on insulating plastic pipe top, described insulation material is connected with shutter, described shutter is supported on body of wall, in booth, be provided with irrigation conduit.
Described rich water feed system comprises the water pump of being located in management house, described water Pump and Electromotor connects, described pump outlet is connected with outlet conduit, described outlet conduit is connected with Main Underground pipeline, described Main Underground pipeline extends to inner greenhouse ground from pump house is underground, described Main Underground pipeline upwards elevates above the soil and forms the indoor main pipeline of booth in the close booth of management house one side, in booth, be provided with near near northern windbreak the main droping irrigating pipe that is laid on ground along east-west direction, in booth, be provided with the some aerial main irrigation pipes of laying along east-west direction that are supported on arched girder lower boom, described main droping irrigating pipe is connected with the indoor main pipeline of booth, aerial main jet filling device for cleaning pipeline is crossed the transition conduit being supported on arch form steel skeleton and is connected with the indoor main pipeline of booth, described main droping irrigating pipe is connected with a point droping irrigating pipe that is provided with multiple water jets, described point of droping irrigating pipe laid along ground along North and South direction, described aerial main irrigation pipe is provided with the some vertical pipes that are attached thereto, the lower end of described vertical pipe is provided with high-pressure nozzle, between the indoor main pipeline of booth and main droping irrigating pipe, be provided with first passage in parallel, second channel, described second channel is provided with Venturi tube, described Venturi tube is provided with nutrient solution mouth, described nutrient solution mouth is connected with nutrient tank by nutrient solution passage, described first passage, the both sides of the Venturi tube of second channel, main pipeline, main droping irrigating pipe, on main irrigation pipe, be respectively equipped with valve switch, in nutrient tank, be provided with and supply with the needed various nutrient solutions of fruit growing.
Described temperature control system comprises temperature sensor, the humidity sensor be located in booth, and described temperature sensor, humidity sensor are connected with the digital Temperature and Humidity display instrument in management house by optical cable.
Body of wall in described booth is being provided with heater near wall bottom, and described heater adopts the electric heater being connected with power supply, or the hot water of boiler heat supplying, vapor recycle pipeline.
In described booth, CO is installed
2measuring instrument, CO
2measuring instrument is located near on the indoor body of wall of the booth of management house, and left and right and centre position in described booth are respectively equipped with CO
2reaction tank or retort, described retort is placed on locomotive.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1. utilize the different employing vertical cultivation patterns of pawpaw and pineapple plant height difference, needed intensity of illumination, booth and land utilization rate are improved, economic benefit is high, by cultivating at northern winter warm type big shack, good product quality, haulage time is short, makes the consumer of northern area can taste in time the local flavor of southern tropical mature fruit, improves quality of the life.
2. due to the arch form structure feature progressively uprising from south to north of greenhouse, if incline direction is to the south, the easily film on contact tops such as pawpaw, if direction tilts northeastward, all easily burn in the time that the sun irradiates after at noon, the nursery stock of tanning severely;
3. the auxiliary sprinkling irrigation mode that adopts is to reduce indoor temperature, to increase air humidity.
4. good heat insulating of the present invention, aeration radiation system reliability is high, can irrigate simultaneously and apply fertilizer, be adapted to tropical fruit (tree) cultivates under the environmental condition of northern area, can be at the solid growth that carries out different plants height and the different multiple kind fruit of luminous intensity demand in a booth, improve the economic and social benefit of plantation.
5. the body of wall of management house is provided with transom, transom is provided with fly net, between booth and management house, separate by hermatic door to be opened/closed, be provided with after transom, in the time that canopy temperature is too high, open transom and hermatic door, can secondary ventilation, accelerate air circulation in booth, discharge in time the waste heat in booth, avoid the too high harmful effect causing of canopy temperature, hermatic door top is provided with the double-layer transparent glass of high insulating effect, just can observe in time the actual conditions in booth in management house; In the time of high, the high humidity of indoor temperature on daytime, open lower air vent, upper air vent, accelerate room air and outdoor convection circulation; When outdoor temperature is at night low, canopy temperature is when lower, closes lower air vent, upper air vent, changed plastic film and thermal insulation quilt and made booth indoor heat insulating; In the time that in the booth of monitoring, humidity is lower, connect the pipeline in booth, switch on the pump and irrigate or connect high-pressure nozzle, increase indoor humidity; When indoor temperature is high, humidity hour, open the high-pressure nozzle on top simultaneously, the water under high pressure in jet pipe is sprayed in Interior Space with fine mist form by shower nozzle, plays cooling and humidification effect simultaneously.
6. the bottom, doorway of management house is provided with the baffle plate being sealed and matched with ground and both sides metope, effectively to prevent that the insect pest that the customs such as mouse are walked about along corner from entering booth from doorway.
7. need to spray various foliage fertilizers or nutritive element time, these fertilizer are placed in flow container or liquid pool, blend into needed concentration and ratio, effect by Venturi tube enters main jet droping irrigating pipe by nutrient solution together with the water of the indoor main pipeline of booth, then enter each point of spray droping irrigating pipe, multiple spray water dropping openings sprays by point spray droping irrigating pipe drip near fruit tree blade face or root, improve the absorption efficiency of nutrient solution.When only need to utilizing water sprinkling irrigation, while not needing supplying nutrition liquid, the valve switch of the both sides of Venturi tube to be closed, the valve switch of first passage is opened; In the time of needs supplying nutrition liquid, the valve switch of the both sides of Venturi tube to be opened, the valve switch of first passage is closed, and makes nutrient solution and together with water in pipeline, flows into a point droping irrigating pipe and be sprayed onto near fruit root for fruit root absorption.
8. the left and right in booth and centre position are respectively equipped with carbon dioxide reaction pond or retort, as indoor CO
2when concentration is lower, to shift the precalculated position in booth onto with the locomotive of retort, in retort, put into calcium carbonate granule, then pour sulfuric acid into, make, in two, chemical reaction occurs and produce carbonic acid gas, thereby increase the concentration of indoor carbon dioxide, to improve the accumulation of the photosynthetic efficiency of fruit, quickening plant organic matter, improve the yield and quality of fruit; Due to CO
2greenhouse effect, can increase indoor temperature simultaneously.CO is installed in booth
2measuring instrument, CO
2measuring instrument is located on the indoor body of wall of booth near management house, so that CO in observation ward at any time
2concentration.
9. different position, the inherent all directions of booth is provided with multiple dry temperature sensors, humidity sensor, temperature sensor, humidity sensor are connected with the digital Temperature and Humidity display instrument in management house by optical cable, environmental temperature and humidity in observation ward in time, adopts corresponding heating and moistening or reducing temperature and humidity measure.
10. in booth, be provided with heater, in booth, accelerate circulation and make can evenly raise in whole booth thereby utilize the thermal source such as power supply or boiler that the heat of heater is rotarily driven near air radiating tube by blower fan when cold weather, make booth room temperature remain on needed indoor temperature.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of winter warm type big shack of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the transverse sectional view of Fig. 1.
Embodiment
In order to understand better the present invention, explain in detail embodiments of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
A kind of pawpaw and pineapple stereo cultivation method, comprise the following steps:
1. select the winter green house of 25-32 °, the temperature 25-32 ° of winter green house, relative moisture 65% one 75%;
2. soil melioration and acidity adjustment: before booth is built canopy, soil is all ploughed deeply 0.6-0.8cm, and because soils of north China alkalescence is larger, while ploughing deeply, every mu is spread 25 ± 5m
3cow dung, simultaneously every mu is spread the Cosan of 100 ± 25kg, to regulate the pH value of soil, the lasting period reaches 3 years;
3. field planting step is:
The field planting time: with spring indoor temperature reach more than 15 ° and start field planting, pawpaw seedling adopts and 10-11 month sowed vegetative nursery stock at upper 1 year, concrete steps are:
A. whole furrow: North and South direction is according to the whole furrow of furrow spacing, the ridging of 1.5m in booth;
B. pawpaw is planted on ridge to tilting 45 °-50 ° according to line-spacing-spacing in the rows northwestward of 3m × 1.2-1.5m, be to separate by middle ridge between adjacent two ridge pawpaws, due to the arch form structure feature progressively uprising from south to north of greenhouse, if incline direction is to the south, the easily film on contact top such as pawpaw, if direction tilts northeastward, all easily burn in the time that the sun irradiates after at noon, the nursery stock of tanning severely;
C. pineapple is planted on furrow face according to line-spacing-spacing in the rows of 0.5-1m × 0.2m, uniform plantation 2 row pineapples between two adjacent ridges, and the distance between two adjacent row pineapples and between every row pineapple and adjacent ridge is 0.5m, irrigates normal root water after having planted;
5. the management after field planting, comprises the following steps:
C. fertilising: carry out fertilising in early stage for after field planting one month, Application Ratio N/P/K is 1:1:1, and the Application Ratio N/P/K that middle and later periods and flowering stage adopt is 1:1:1.2;
D. draw dry: when pawpaw plant strain growth height reaches about 0.5m, for example, when 0.5m ± 0.05m, draw for the first time dryly, drawing for the first time dry direction is 45 ° of direction oblique pulls northwestwards; In the time that pawpaw growing height reaches 0.8m ± 0.05m, draw for the second time dry at equidirectional; In the time that pawpaw growing height reaches 1m ± 0.05m, draw for the third time dry at equidirectional; Drawing dry rudiment of simultaneously erasing between axil;
C. water: according to soil moisture content, in 5-15 days, irrigate ground water spring and summer once, proper extension when winter; If desired for reduction indoor temperature, increase air humidity can adopt sprinkling irrigation;
D. set body management:
I) pawpaw florescence pollination: every morning is carried out artificial pollination, to increase the quantity of female melon and to improve the yield and quality of female melon; The malformed fruit occurring after bearing fruit is extractd at any time; Note at any time fruit thinning, keep a petiole place to retain a pawpaw;
Ii) pineapple: when the blade of pineapple individual plant length 0.30-0.35m reaches 30 or when above, carry out artificial flower forcing, artificial flower forcing adopts the water of 800-1000ppm concentration and ethrel mixed liquor to fill with the heart, and heart amount 50g ± 5g is filled with in every strain;
E. the extermination of disease and insect pest:
I) carbon bamboo disease, the leaf spot pawpaw suffered from, two spotted spider mite, slug insect pest adopt prophylactico-therapeutic measures in time according to generating object;
Ii) leaf spot, the heart rot that pineapple are occurred are taked prophylactico-therapeutic measures in time according to generating object.
Fruit is gathered and packaging aspect in addition, when i) pawpaw is gathered, handles with care, and down, control fruit juice pollutes fruit face in carpopodium position when gathering packed and transported, and before transport, chuck net is avoided crowded evil idea and the hard defects in transportation; Ii) pineapple can reach 50% or slightly gather more than 50% time in yellow color in the time of short-distance transport, or can gather when ripe to sixty percent medium rare, in the time of long-distance transport, can in the time that yellow color reaches 25% or when three is ripe, gather, reduce packaging and damage in transit.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, a kind of winter warm type green house, comprise booth 1, rich water feed system, temperature control system, described booth comprises body of wall 2 on four sides, is supported on the arch form steel skeleton 4 increasing gradually on body of wall from south to north, separate the management house 7 of construction with a side wall body, with opposite side wall connecting be provided with notch cuttype walking channel 5 upwards, described passage is as a part for body of wall, strengthen the heat insulation effect in booth, the passage at the upper and lower booth top from outside is provided for administrative staff simultaneously, carries out in time roller shutter operation or open and close ventilative window.Described body of wall 2 is located on the reinforced concrete beds 1 of bottom, described body of wall 2 tops are covered with upper reinforcement concrete 25, wherein east side body of wall, west side body of wall, north side body of wall is high, southern side body of wall is low, described body of wall 2 comprises interior brick-on-edge wall 24, outer brick-on-edge wall 21, wherein the inner side of outer brick-on-edge wall 21 is provided with plastic, thermal-insulation plate 22, between warming plate 22 and interior brick-on-edge wall 24, be provided with pearlite insulating layer 23, described upper reinforcement concrete 25 is provided with air-vent, described air-vent bottom is communicated with pearlite insulating layer, described air-vent is provided with the atmosphere tube connector 26 that circumferencial direction is sealed and matched, atmosphere tube connector is provided with tarpaulin, described arch form steel skeleton is being provided with slope 47 near body of wall place, north side, described slope is provided with armoured concrete slab 8, on armoured concrete slab, be covered with insulation film made, on insulation film made, be covered with the insulation material such as thermal insulation quilt or straw mat 9.
Described arch form steel skeleton 4 comprises top boom 46, lower boom 44, described top boom, the two ends up and down of lower boom respectively with north side body of wall, the prefabricated steel welding on body of wall top, southern side, described top boom, between lower boom, connect by many braces 45, described arch form steel skeleton is being provided with the ventilative window 11 in bottom near body of wall place, southern side, be provided with ventilative window 41 near high-order bit place, described transom opening's edge booth east-west direction and is connected setting, the described bottom window 11 of breathing freely, the ventilative window 41 in top is provided with fly net 12, be provided with insulating plastic pipe 43 on arch form steel skeleton top, be provided with the insulation materials such as thermal insulation quilt 42 or straw mat on insulating plastic pipe top, described thermal insulation quilt or straw mat are connected with shutter 6, described shutter is supported on body of wall, in booth, be provided with irrigation conduit.
The body of wall of described management house 7 is provided with transom 121, described transom 121 is provided with fly net 122, between described booth and management house 7, separate by hermatic door 123 to be opened/closed, be provided with after transom, in the time that canopy temperature is too high, open transom 121 and hermatic door 123, can secondary ventilation, accelerate air circulation in booth, discharge in time the waste heat in booth, avoid the too high harmful effect causing of canopy temperature.Hermatic door 123 tops are provided with the double-layer transparent glass of high insulating effect, just can observe in time the actual conditions in booth in management house.In the time of high, the high humidity of indoor temperature on daytime, open lower air vent, upper air vent, accelerate room air and outdoor convection circulation; When outdoor temperature is at night low, canopy temperature is when lower, closes lower air vent, upper air vent, changed plastic film and thermal insulation quilt and made booth indoor heat insulating; In the time that in the booth of monitoring, humidity is lower, connect the pipeline in booth, switch on the pump and irrigate or connect high-pressure nozzle, increase indoor humidity; When indoor temperature is high, humidity hour, open the high-pressure nozzle on top simultaneously, the water under high pressure in jet pipe is sprayed in Interior Space with fine mist form by shower nozzle, plays cooling and humidification effect simultaneously.The bottom, doorway of described management house 7 is provided with the baffle plate 124 being sealed and matched with ground and both sides metope, and described height of baffle plate exceedes 30cm.Effectively to prevent that the insect pest that the customs such as mouse are walked about along corner from entering booth from doorway.
Described rich water feed system comprises the water pump 71 of being located in management house 7, described water pump 71 is connected with variable-frequency motor 72, described water pump 71 delivery ports are connected with outlet conduit, described outlet conduit is connected with Main Underground pipeline 61, described Main Underground pipeline 61 extends to inner greenhouse ground from pump house is underground, described Main Underground pipeline 61 upwards elevates above the soil and forms the indoor main pipeline 73 of booth in the close booth of management house one side, in booth, be provided with near near northern windbreak the main droping irrigating pipe 74 that is laid on ground along east-west direction, in booth, be provided with the some aerial main irrigation pipes 75 of laying along east-west direction that are supported on arched girder lower boom 44, described main droping irrigating pipe 74 is connected with the indoor main pipeline 73 of booth, aerial main irrigation pipe 75 is connected with the indoor main pipeline 73 of booth by the transition conduit 37 being supported on arch form steel skeleton 4.
Described main droping irrigating pipe 74 is connected with a point droping irrigating pipe 76 that is provided with multiple water jets 77, described point of droping irrigating pipe 76 laid along ground along North and South direction, described multiple points of droping irrigating pipes 76 are connected in parallel on main droping irrigating pipe 74, described aerial main irrigation pipe 75 is provided with the some vertical pipes 77 that are attached thereto, the lower end of described vertical pipe 77 is provided with high-pressure nozzle 78, between the indoor main pipeline 73 of booth and main droping irrigating pipe 74, be provided with first passage in parallel 84, second channel 85, described second channel 85 is provided with Venturi tube 86, described Venturi tube 86 is provided with nutrient solution mouth 87, described nutrient solution mouth 87 is connected with nutrient tank 88 by nutrient solution passage, described first passage 84, the both sides of the Venturi tube 86 of second channel, main pipeline 73, main droping irrigating pipe 74, on main irrigation pipe 75, be respectively equipped with valve switch 33, in nutrient tank 88, be provided with and supply with the needed various nutrient solutions of fruit growing.Need to spray various foliage fertilizers or nutritive element time, these fertilizer are placed in flow container or liquid pool, blend into needed concentration and ratio, effect by Venturi tube enters main jet droping irrigating pipe by nutrient solution together with the water of the indoor main pipeline of booth, then enter each point of spray droping irrigating pipe, multiple spray water dropping openings sprays by point spray droping irrigating pipe drip near fruit tree blade face or root, improve the absorption efficiency of nutrient solution.When only need to utilizing water sprinkling irrigation, while not needing supplying nutrition liquid, the valve switch of the both sides of Venturi tube 86 33 to be closed, the valve switch 33 of first passage 84 is opened; In the time of needs supplying nutrition liquid, the valve switch of the both sides of Venturi tube 86 33 to be opened, the valve switch 33 of first passage 84 is closed, and makes nutrient solution and together with water in pipeline, flows into a point droping irrigating pipe and be sprayed onto near fruit root for fruit root absorption.
Described booth inside with the ground of north side body of wall contact position on be provided with the artificial channel 27 of laying brick, the southern side of artificial channel 27 is provided with column, builds ceiling 28 on artificial channel 27 tops, plants climbing plant and climb for climbing plant near column; Described drip irrigation main pipeline 74 is laid along east-west direction along the ground in artificial channel southern side.
Left and right in described booth and centre position are respectively equipped with carbon dioxide reaction pond or retort 101, described retort is placed on locomotive 102, in the time that indoor CO2 concentration is lower, to shift the precalculated position in booth onto with the locomotive of retort, in retort, put into calcium carbonate granule, then pour sulfuric acid into, make, in two, chemical reaction occurs and produce carbonic acid gas, thereby increase the concentration of indoor carbon dioxide, to improve the accumulation of the photosynthetic efficiency of fruit, quickening plant organic matter, improve the yield and quality of fruit.Due to the greenhouse effect of CO2, can increase indoor temperature simultaneously; In described booth, CO is installed
2measuring instrument 115, CO2 measuring instrument 115 is located near on the indoor body of wall of the booth of management house, so that observe at any time.
Described temperature control system comprises some temperature sensors 111, the humidity sensor 112 be located in booth, and described temperature sensor 111, humidity sensor 112 are connected with the digital Temperature and Humidity display instrument 113 in management house 7 by optical cable 114; Body of wall in described booth is being provided with heater near wall bottom, described heater adopts the electric heater 78 being connected with power supply, or the hot water of boiler heat supplying, vapor recycle pipeline, thereby the heat of described heater rotarily drives near air radiating tube by blower fan to be accelerated circulation and makes can evenly raise in whole booth in booth, makes booth room temperature remain on needed indoor temperature.
By reference to the accompanying drawings the embodiment of invention is described although above-mentioned; but not limiting the scope of the invention; on the basis of technical scheme of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay various amendments that creative work can make or distortion still in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. pawpaw and a pineapple stereo cultivation method, its pawpaw and pineapple stereo cultivation method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) select winter warm type green house;
2) soil melioration and acidity adjustment
Before booth is built canopy, soil is all ploughed deeply 0.6-0.8cm, and soils of north China alkalescence is large, and while ploughing deeply, every mu is spread 25m
3± 5m
3cow dung, simultaneously every mu of Cosan that spreads 100kg ± 25kg is to regulate the pH value of soil;
3) the field planting time
With spring indoor temperature reach more than 15 ° and start field planting, pawpaw seedling adopts and 10-11 month sowed vegetative nursery stock at upper 1 year, concrete steps are: the whole furrow of a.: in booth, North and South direction is according to the whole furrow of furrow spacing, the ridging of 1.5m; B. pawpaw is according to 3m × (1.2-1.5) line-spacing-spacing in the rows northwestward of m is planted on ridge to tilting 45 °-50 °, and pineapple is planted on furrow face according to line-spacing-spacing in the rows of (0.5-1) m × 0.2m, irrigates normal root water after having planted;
4) management after field planting, comprises the following steps:
A. fertilising: carry out fertilising in early stage for after field planting one month, Application Ratio N/P/K is 1:1:1, and the Application Ratio N/P/K that middle and later periods and flowering stage adopt is 1:1:1.2;
B. draw dry: in the time that pawpaw plant strain growth height reaches 0.5m left and right, draw for the first time dryly, drawing for the first time dry direction is 45 ° of direction oblique pulls northwestwards; In the time that pawpaw growing height reaches 0.8m left and right, draw for the second time dry at equidirectional; In the time that pawpaw growing height reaches 1m left and right, draw for the third time dry at equidirectional; Drawing dry rudiment of simultaneously erasing between axil;
C. water: according to soil moisture content, in 5-15 days, irrigate ground water spring and summer once, proper extension when winter;
D. set body management: i) pawpaw florescence pollination: every morning is carried out artificial pollination, and the malformed fruit occurring after bearing fruit is extractd at any time; Fruit thinning, petiole place of maintenance retain a pawpaw;
Ii) pineapple: when the blade of pineapple individual plant length 0.30-0.35m reaches 30 or when above, carry out artificial flower forcing, artificial flower forcing adopts the water of 800-1000ppm concentration and ethrel mixed liquor to fill with the heart, and heart amount 50g left and right is filled with in every strain;
E. the extermination of disease and insect pest, comprises carbon bamboo disease, the leaf spot i) pawpaw suffered from, and two spotted spider mite, slug insect pest adopt prophylactico-therapeutic measures in time according to generating object; Ii) leaf spot, the heart rot that pineapple are occurred are taked prophylactico-therapeutic measures in time according to generating object;
5) fruit is gathered
I) when pawpaw is gathered, handle with care, gathering, when packed and transported, down, control fruit juice pollutes fruit face in carpopodium position, and before transport, chuck net is avoided crowded evil idea and the hard defects in transportation;
Ii) pineapple can reach 50% or slightly gather more than 50% time in yellow color in the time of short-distance transport, in the time of long-distance transport, can in the time that yellow color reaches 25%, gather, and reduces packaging and damage in transit.
2. pawpaw as claimed in claim 1 and pineapple stereo cultivation method, it is characterized in that, the indoor temperature of the green house of described step 1 is 5 °-32 °, relative moisture 65% one 75%, in the time that indoor temperature, relative moisture exceed this temperature or humidity range, adjust within the scope of this.
3. pawpaw as claimed in claim 1 and pineapple stereo cultivation method, is characterized in that, uniform plantation two row pineapples between adjacent two ridges of described step 3, and the distance between two adjacent row pineapples and between every row pineapple and adjacent ridge is 0.5m.
4. pawpaw as claimed in claim 1 and pineapple stereo cultivation method, is characterized in that, described step 4 c) auxiliary adopt sprinkling irrigation, to reduce indoor temperature, to increase air humidity.
5. the pawpaw as described in claim 1 to 4 any one and pineapple stereo cultivation method, it is characterized in that, described winter warm type green house comprises booth, rich water feed system, temperature control system, described booth comprises the body of wall at four sides, be supported on the arch form steel skeleton on body of wall, separate the management house of construction with a side wall body, with opposite side wall connecting be provided with notch cuttype walking channel upwards, described body of wall is located on the reinforced concrete beds of bottom, described body of wall top is covered with upper reinforcement concrete, wherein east side body of wall, west side body of wall, north side body of wall is high, southern side body of wall is low, described body of wall comprises interior brick-on-edge wall, outer brick-on-edge wall, wherein the inner side of outer brick-on-edge wall is provided with plastic, thermal-insulation plate, between warming plate and interior brick-on-edge wall, be provided with pearlite insulating layer, described upper reinforcement concrete is provided with air-vent, described air-vent bottom is communicated with pearlite insulating layer, described air-vent is provided with the atmosphere tube connector being sealed and matched, atmosphere tube connector is provided with tarpaulin, described arch form steel skeleton is being provided with slope near body of wall place, north side, described slope is provided with armoured concrete slab, on armoured concrete slab, be covered with insulation film made, on insulation film made, be covered with insulation material, the body of wall of described management house is provided with transom, described transom is provided with fly net, between described booth and management house, separate by hermatic door to be opened/closed, hermatic door top is provided with double-layer transparent glass, and the bottom, doorway of described management house is provided with the baffle plate being sealed and matched with ground and both sides metope, state booth inside with the ground of north side body of wall contact position on be provided with the artificial channel of laying brick, the southern side of artificial channel is provided with column, builds ceiling on artificial channel top.
6. pawpaw as claimed in claim 5 and pineapple stereo cultivation method, it is characterized in that, described arch form steel skeleton comprises top boom, lower boom, described top boom, the two ends up and down of lower boom respectively with north side body of wall, the prefabricated steel welding on body of wall top, southern side, described top boom, between lower boom, connect by many braces, described arch form steel skeleton is being provided with the ventilative window in bottom near body of wall place, southern side, be provided with ventilative window near high-order bit place, described transom opening's edge booth east-west direction and is connected setting, the described bottom window of breathing freely, the ventilative window in top is provided with fly net, be provided with insulating plastic pipe on arch form steel skeleton top, be provided with insulation material on insulating plastic pipe top, described insulation material is connected with shutter, described shutter is supported on body of wall, in booth, be provided with irrigation conduit.
7. pawpaw as claimed in claim 5 and pineapple stereo cultivation method, it is characterized in that, described rich water feed system comprises the water pump of being located in management house, described water Pump and Electromotor connects, described pump outlet is connected with outlet conduit, described outlet conduit is connected with Main Underground pipeline, described Main Underground pipeline extends to inner greenhouse ground from pump house is underground, described Main Underground pipeline upwards elevates above the soil and forms the indoor main pipeline of booth in the close booth of management house one side, in booth, be provided with near near northern windbreak the main droping irrigating pipe that is laid on ground along east-west direction, in booth, be provided with the some aerial main irrigation pipes of laying along east-west direction that are supported on arched girder lower boom, described main droping irrigating pipe is connected with the indoor main pipeline of booth, aerial main jet filling device for cleaning pipeline is crossed the transition conduit being supported on arch form steel skeleton and is connected with the indoor main pipeline of booth, described main droping irrigating pipe is connected with a point droping irrigating pipe that is provided with multiple water jets, described point of droping irrigating pipe laid along ground along North and South direction, described aerial main irrigation pipe is provided with the some vertical pipes that are attached thereto, the lower end of described vertical pipe is provided with high-pressure nozzle, between the indoor main pipeline of booth and main droping irrigating pipe, be provided with first passage in parallel, second channel, described second channel is provided with Venturi tube, described Venturi tube is provided with nutrient solution mouth, described nutrient solution mouth is connected with nutrient tank by nutrient solution passage, described first passage, the both sides of the Venturi tube of second channel, main pipeline, main droping irrigating pipe, on main irrigation pipe, be respectively equipped with valve switch, in nutrient tank, be provided with and supply with the needed various nutrient solutions of fruit growing.
8. pawpaw as claimed in claim 5 and pineapple stereo cultivation method, it is characterized in that, described temperature control system comprises temperature sensor, the humidity sensor be located in booth, and described temperature sensor, humidity sensor are connected with the digital Temperature and Humidity display instrument in management house by optical cable.
9. pawpaw as claimed in claim 5 and pineapple stereo cultivation method, is characterized in that, the body of wall in described booth is being provided with heater near wall bottom, and described heater adopts the electric heater being connected with power supply, or the hot water of boiler heat supplying, vapor recycle pipeline.
10. pawpaw as claimed in claim 5 and pineapple stereo cultivation method, is characterized in that, in described booth, is provided with CO
2measuring instrument, CO
2measuring instrument is located near on the indoor body of wall of management house booth, in described booth, is provided with CO
2reaction tank or retort, described retort is placed on locomotive.
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| CN106797774A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-06-06 | 河池市技术开发中心 | The growth control method of pineapple cultivation |
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| CN107047097A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-08-18 | 北海康维生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of flower-forcing method of golden pineapple |
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| CN104839005A (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2015-08-19 | 深圳市秋歌生物科技发展有限公司 | Leaf vegetable soilless culture system |
| CN105493835A (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2016-04-20 | 邱传明 | Method for oblique and horizontal dwarfing culture of papaya |
| CN105594493A (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2016-05-25 | 杨志恒 | Water-saving greenhouse flower planting appliance |
| CN105837317A (en) * | 2016-03-24 | 2016-08-10 | 胡从玉 | Planting method of inter-planting pineapples in garlic ridge farmland |
| CN106069125A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-11-09 | 田阳县阳生优品果蔬种植专业合作社 | A kind of method of Fructus Ananadis comosi interplanting |
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| CN106665068A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-05-17 | 河池市技术开发中心 | Method for fixed planting of pineapple plants high in survival rate |
| CN106962114A (en) * | 2017-04-01 | 2017-07-21 | 阜南县鑫荣种养专业合作社 | A kind of warmhouse booth peach implantation methods |
| CN107047097A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-08-18 | 北海康维生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of flower-forcing method of golden pineapple |
| CN107318527A (en) * | 2017-08-16 | 2017-11-07 | 内乡县中以高效农业科技开发有限公司 | A kind of windproof floor-heating type green house of vegetables |
| CN107646432A (en) * | 2017-09-23 | 2018-02-02 | 南京律智诚专利技术开发有限公司 | It is a kind of that cultivation room is carried based on the red of PLC controls |
| CN108811971A (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2018-11-16 | 浙江万里学院 | A kind of intelligence control energy saving greenhouse greenhouse |
| CN108668712A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2018-10-19 | 魏全 | greenhouse |
| CN109287369A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-02-01 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院园艺研究所 | A kind of method of wax-apple interplanting pineapple and pawpaw |
| CN109287369B (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2020-11-13 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院园艺研究所 | Method for interplanting pineapples and papayas in wax apples |
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Denomination of invention: Three dimensional cultivation method of papaya and pineapple Effective date of registration: 20210729 Granted publication date: 20160210 Pledgee: Bank of Tai'an Limited by Share Ltd. Pledgor: DONGPING COUNTY BAODAO AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2021980007098 |
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