CN103960105B - Pawpaw and pineapple stereo cultivation method - Google Patents
Pawpaw and pineapple stereo cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103960105B CN103960105B CN201410236119.9A CN201410236119A CN103960105B CN 103960105 B CN103960105 B CN 103960105B CN 201410236119 A CN201410236119 A CN 201410236119A CN 103960105 B CN103960105 B CN 103960105B
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of pawpaw and pineapple stereo cultivation method, comprise the following steps: 1. select winter warm type green house; 2. soil melioration and acidity adjustment: before booth builds canopy, soil all ploughs deeply 0.6-0.8cm, and when ploughing deeply, every mu is spread 25m
3± 5m
3cow dung, simultaneously every mu is spread the Cosan of 100kg ± 25kg; 3. resident time: reach more than 15 DEG C with indoor temperature in spring and start field planting, pawpaw seedling adopts and 10-11 month sowed vegetative nursery stock at upper 1 year; 4. the management after field planting, comprises the following steps: apply fertilizer, draw dry, water, set body management, the extermination of disease and insect pest; 5. fruit is gathered and packaging.Utilize the different employing three-dimensional planting mode of pawpaw and pineapple plant height difference, required intensity of illumination, improve booth and land utilization rate, economic and social benefit is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fruit spatial planting technology field, particularly one pawpaw and pineapple stereo cultivation method under northern environment weather conditions.
Background technology
Pawpaw and pineapple belong to tropical fruit (tree), due to the restriction of climatic environment, seldom plant in the north, even if what have plantation is also all single-mode plantation in booth separately, and product quality, taste bad will, yield poorly, in prior art, do not adopt the implantation methods of pawpaw and pineapple three-dimensional planting mode.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is exactly the problems referred to above existed for solving prior art, provides a kind of pawpaw and pineapple stereo cultivation method; Utilize the different employing three-dimensional planting mode of pawpaw and pineapple plant height difference, required intensity of illumination, improve booth and land utilization rate, high financial profit, by cultivating at northern winter warm type big shack, good product quality, haulage time is short, enables the consumer of northern area taste the local flavor of southern tropical mature fruit in time, improves quality of the life.
The technical scheme of technical solution problem of the present invention is:
A kind of pawpaw and pineapple stereo cultivation method, comprise the following steps:
1. select winter warm type green house;
2. soil melioration and acidity adjustment: before booth builds canopy, soil all ploughs deeply 0.6-0.8cm, because soils of north China alkalescence is comparatively large, when ploughing deeply, every mu is spread 25m
3± 5m
3cow dung, simultaneously every mu is spread the Cosan of 100kg ± 25kg, and to regulate the pH value of soil, the lasting period reaches 3 years;
3. resident time: reach more than 15 DEG C with indoor temperature in spring and start field planting, pawpaw seedling adopts and 10-11 month sowed vegetative nursery stock at upper 1 year, and concrete steps are:
A. whole furrow: North and South direction is according to the whole furrow of furrow spacing, the ridging of 1.5m in booth;
B. pawpaw is planted on ridge according to the line-spacing-spacing in the rows northwestward of 3m × (1.2-1.5) m to inclination 45 DEG C-50 DEG C, is separated between two namely adjacent ridge pawpaws by middle ridge;
C. pineapple is planted on furrow face according to the line-spacing-spacing in the rows of (0.5-1) m × 0.2m;
4. the management after field planting, comprises the following steps:
A. apply fertilizer: within after field planting one month, carry out fertilising in early stage, Application Ratio N/P/K is 1:1:1, the Application Ratio N/P/K that middle and later periods and flowering stage adopt is 1:1:1.2;
B. draw dry: when pawpaw plant strain growth height reaches about 0.5m, carry out first time and draw dry, first time draws dry direction to be northwestwards 45 DEG C of direction oblique pulls; When pawpaw growing height reaches about 0.8m, carry out second time at equidirectional and draw dry; When pawpaw growing height reaches about 1m, carry out third time at equidirectional and draw dry; Drawing dry rudiment of simultaneously erasing between axil;
C. water: according to soil moisture content, in 5-15 days, irrigate ground water spring and summer once, proper extension during winter;
D. body management is set:
I) pawpaw florescence pollination: every morning carries out artificial pollination, to increase the quantity of female melon and to improve the yield and quality of female melon; The malformed fruit occurred after bearing fruit is extractd at any time; Note fruit thinning at any time, keep a petiole place to retain a pawpaw;
Ii) pineapple: when the blade of pineapple individual plant length 0.30-0.35m reach 30 or above time, carry out artificial flower forcing, artificial flower forcing adopts the water of 800-1000ppm concentration and ethrel mixed liquor to fill with the heart, and heart amount 50g ± about 5g is filled with in every strain;
E. the extermination of disease and insect pest:
I) to carbon bamboo disease, leaf spot that pawpaw suffers from, two spotted spider mite, slug insect pest adopt prophylactico-therapeutic measures in time according to generating object;
Ii) in time prophylactico-therapeutic measures is taked according to generating object to leaf spot, heart rot that pineapple occurs;
5. fruit is gathered and packaging:
I) handle with care when pawpaw is gathered, from gather packed and transported time carpopodium position down, control fruit juice pollutes fruit face, and before transport, chuck net avoids crowded evil idea in transportation and hard defects;
Ii) pineapple when short-distance transport can yellow color reach 50% or slightly more than 50% time gather, transport for long-distance time can gather when yellow color reaches 25%, reduce packaging and damage in transit.
The temperature of described green house 5 DEG C-32 DEG C, relative moisture 65% one 75%.
Uniform plantation two row pineapple between two adjacent ridges, the distance between two adjacent row pineapples and often between row pineapple and adjacent ridge is 0.5m.
Sprinkling irrigation mode is adopted to reduce indoor temperature, increase air humidity.
Described winter warm type green house comprises booth, rich water feed system, temperature control system, it is characterized in that, described booth comprises the body of wall at four sides, be supported on the arch form steel skeleton increased gradually from south to north on body of wall, the management house of construction is separated with side body of wall, with opposite side wall connecting be provided with notch cuttype walking channel upwards, described body of wall is located on the reinforced concrete beds of bottom, described body of wall top is covered with upper reinforcement concrete, wherein east side body of wall, west side body of wall, north side body of wall is high, southern side body of wall is low, described body of wall comprises interior brick-on-edge wall, outer brick-on-edge wall, wherein the inner side of outer brick-on-edge wall is provided with plastic, thermal-insulation plate, pearlite insulating layer is provided with between warming plate and interior brick-on-edge wall, described upper reinforcement concrete is provided with air-vent, described air-vent bottom is communicated with pearlite insulating layer, described air-vent is provided with the air tube connector be sealed and matched, air tube connector is provided with tarpaulin, described arch form steel skeleton is being provided with slope near body of wall place, north side, described slope is provided with armoured concrete slab, armoured concrete slab is covered with insulation film made, insulation film made is covered with insulation material, the body of wall of described management house is provided with transom, described transom is provided with fly net, separated by hermatic door to be opened/closed between described booth and management house, hermatic door top is provided with double-layer transparent glass, and the bottom, doorway of described management house is provided with the baffle plate be sealed and matched with ground and both sides metope, state booth inner with the ground of north side body of wall contact position on be provided with the artificial channel of laying brick, the southern side of artificial channel is provided with column, builds ceiling on artificial channel top.
Described arch form steel skeleton comprises top boom, lower boom, described top boom, the two ends up and down of lower boom respectively with north side body of wall, the prefabricated steel welding on body of wall top, southern side, described top boom, connected by many braces between lower boom, described arch form steel skeleton to be breathed freely window being provided with bottom near body of wall place, southern side, ventilative window is being provided with near highest portion position place, described transom opening's edge the through setting of booth east-west direction, breathe freely window in described bottom, top window of breathing freely is provided with fly net, insulating plastic pipe is provided with on arch form steel skeleton top, insulation material is provided with on insulating plastic pipe top, described insulation material is connected with shutter, described shutter is supported on body of wall, irrigation conduit is provided with in booth.
Described rich water feed system comprises the water pump be located in management house, described water Pump and Electromotor connects, described pump outlet is connected with outlet conduit, described outlet conduit is connected with Main Underground pipeline, described Main Underground pipeline is from pump house underground extends to inner greenhouse ground, described Main Underground pipeline upwards elevates above the soil and forms main pipeline in greenhouse chamber in the booth near management house side, near northern windbreak, the main droping irrigating pipe being laid on ground along east-west direction is provided with in booth, the some aerial main irrigation pipes laid along east-west direction be supported on arched girder lower boom are provided with in booth, described main droping irrigating pipe is connected with main pipeline in greenhouse chamber, aerial main irrigation pipe is connected with main pipeline in greenhouse chamber by the transition conduit be supported on arch form steel skeleton, described main droping irrigating pipe is connected with point droping irrigating pipe being provided with multiple water jet, described point of droping irrigating pipe is laid along North and South direction along ground, described aerial main irrigation pipe is provided with the some vertical pipes be attached thereto, the lower end of described vertical pipe is provided with high-pressure nozzle, first passage in parallel is provided with between main pipeline with main droping irrigating pipe in greenhouse chamber, second channel, described second channel is provided with Venturi tube, described Venturi tube is provided with nutrient solution mouth, described nutrient solution mouth is connected with nutrient tank by nutrient solution passage, described first passage, the both sides of the Venturi tube of second channel, main pipeline, main droping irrigating pipe, main irrigation pipe is respectively equipped with valve switch, the various nutrient solutions of supply required for fruit growing are provided with in nutrient tank.
Described temperature control system comprises the temperature sensor be located in booth, humidity sensor, and described temperature sensor, humidity sensor are connected with the digital Temperature and Humidity display instrument in management house by optical cable.
Body of wall in described booth is being provided with heater near wall bottom, and described heater adopts the electric heater be connected with power supply, or the hot water of boiler heat supplying, vapor recycle pipeline.
In described booth, CO is installed
2measuring instrument, CO
2measuring instrument is located on the body of wall in the greenhouse chamber of management house, and the left and right in described booth and centre position are respectively equipped with CO
2reaction tank or retort, described retort is placed on locomotive.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1. utilize the different employing three-dimensional planting mode of pawpaw and pineapple plant height difference, required intensity of illumination, improve booth and land utilization rate, high financial profit, by cultivating at northern winter warm type big shack, good product quality, haulage time is short, enables the consumer of northern area taste the local flavor of southern tropical mature fruit in time, improves quality of the life.
2. due to the arch form structure feature progressively uprised from south to north of greenhouse, if incline direction is to the south, the film on the easy contact tops such as pawpaw, if direction tilts northeastward, when the sun at noon after irradiate time all easily burn, nursery stock of tanning severely;
3. the auxiliary sprinkling irrigation mode that adopts is to reduce indoor temperature, to increase air humidity.
4. the utility model good heat insulating, aeration radiation system reliability is high, can irrigate simultaneously and apply fertilizer, be adapted to tropical fruit (tree) cultivate under the environmental condition of northern area, at the solid growth carrying out different plants height and the different multiple kind fruit of luminous intensity demand in a booth, the economic and social benefit of plantation can be improve.
5. the body of wall of management house is provided with transom, transom is provided with fly net, separated by hermatic door to be opened/closed between booth and management house, after being provided with transom, when canopy temperature is too high, open transom and hermatic door, can secondary ventilation, accelerate air circulation in booth, waste heat in timely discharge booth, avoid the too high harmful effect caused of canopy temperature, hermatic door top is provided with the double-layer transparent glass of high insulating effect, just can observe the actual conditions in booth in management house in time; When high, the high humidity of indoor temperature on daytime, open lower air vent, upper air vent, accelerate room air and outdoor convection circulation; When outdoor temperature is at night low, canopy temperature is lower, close lower air vent, upper air vent, change plastic film and thermal insulation quilt makes greenhouse chamber inside holding; When the booth humidity of monitoring is lower, connects the pipeline in booth, switch on the pump and carry out irrigating or connecting high-pressure nozzle, increase indoor humidity; When indoor temperature is high, humidity hour, open the high-pressure nozzle on top, the water under high pressure in jet pipe is sprayed in Interior Space by shower nozzle with fine mist form simultaneously, plays cooling and moisturization effect simultaneously.
6. the bottom, doorway of management house is provided with the baffle plate be sealed and matched with ground and both sides metope, enters booth with the insect pest effectively preventing mouse etc. to be accustomed to walking about along corner from doorway.
7. when needing to spray various foliage fertilizer or nutritive element, these fertilizer are placed in flow container or liquid pool, blend into required concentration and ratio, by the effect of Venturi tube, nutrient solution is entered main jet droping irrigating pipe together with the water of main pipeline in greenhouse chamber, then each point of spray droping irrigating pipe is entered, by point multiple spray drop mouths of a river spray drop of spray droping irrigating pipe near fruit tree blade face or root, improve the absorption efficiency of nutrient solution.Spray when only needing to utilize water, when not needing supplying nutrition liquid, closed by the valve switch of the both sides of Venturi tube, the valve switch of first passage is opened; When needs supplying nutrition liquid, opened by the valve switch of the both sides of Venturi tube, the valve switch of first passage is closed, and makes nutrient solution flow into a point droping irrigating pipe together with the water in pipeline and is sprayed onto near fruit root for fruit root absorption.
8. the left and right in booth and centre position are respectively equipped with carbon dioxide reaction pond or retort, as the CO of indoor
2when concentration is lower, the locomotive of band retort is shifted onto the precalculated position in booth, calcium carbonate granule is put in retort, then sulfuric acid is poured into, make that chemical reaction occurs in two and produce carbonic acid gas, thus increase the concentration of indoor carbon dioxide, to improve the photosynthetic efficiency of fruit, to accelerate the accumulation of plant organic matter, improve the yield and quality of fruit; Due to CO
2greenhouse effect, indoor temperature can be increased simultaneously.In booth, CO is installed
2measuring instrument, CO
2measuring instrument is located on the body of wall in the greenhouse chamber near management house, so that CO in observation ward at any time
2concentration.
9. the position that the inherent all directions of booth are different is provided with multiple dry temperature sensor, humidity sensor, temperature sensor, humidity sensor are connected with the digital Temperature and Humidity display instrument in management house by optical cable, can environmental temperature in time in observation ward and humidity, adopt corresponding heating and moistening or reducing temperature and humidity measure.
10. be provided with heater in booth, utilize the thermal source such as power supply or boiler the heat of heater is accelerated circulation by the blower fan air rotarily driven near radiating tube in booth thus makes can evenly raise in whole booth during cold weather, make booth room temperature remain on required indoor temperature.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of winter warm type big shack of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the transverse sectional view of Fig. 1.
Embodiment
In order to understand the present invention better, explain embodiments of the present invention in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
A kind of pawpaw and pineapple stereo cultivation method, comprise the following steps:
1. select the winter green house of 25-32 DEG C, the temperature 25-32 DEG C of winter green house, relative moisture 65% one 75%;
2. soil melioration and acidity adjustment: before booth builds canopy, soil all ploughs deeply 0.6-0.8cm, because soils of north China alkalescence is comparatively large, when ploughing deeply, every mu is spread 25 ± 5m
3cow dung, simultaneously every mu is spread the Cosan of 100 ± 25kg, and to regulate the pH value of soil, the lasting period reaches 3 years;
3. field planting step is:
Resident time: reach more than 15 DEG C with indoor temperature in spring and start field planting, pawpaw seedling adopts and 10-11 month sowed vegetative nursery stock at upper 1 year, and concrete steps are:
A. whole furrow: North and South direction is according to the whole furrow of furrow spacing, the ridging of 1.5m in booth;
B. pawpaw is planted on ridge according to the line-spacing-spacing in the rows northwestward of 3m × 1.2-1.5m to inclination 45 DEG C-50 DEG C, namely separated by middle ridge between two adjacent ridge pawpaws, due to the arch form structure feature progressively uprised from south to north of greenhouse, if incline direction is to the south, the film on the easy contact top such as pawpaw, if direction tilts northeastward, when the sun at noon after irradiate time all easily burn, nursery stock of tanning severely;
C. pineapple is planted on furrow face according to the line-spacing-spacing in the rows of 0.5-1m × 0.2m, uniform plantation 2 row pineapple between two adjacent ridges, and the distance between two adjacent row pineapples and often between row pineapple and adjacent ridge is 0.5m, irrigates normal root water after having planted;
5. the management after field planting, comprises the following steps:
A applies fertilizer: within after field planting one month, carry out fertilising in early stage, Application Ratio N/P/K is 1:1:1, and the Application Ratio N/P/K that middle and later periods and flowering stage adopt is 1:1:1.2;
B draws dry: when pawpaw plant strain growth height reaches about 0.5m, such as, during 0.5m ± 0.05m, carry out first time and draw dry, and first time draws dry direction to be northwestwards 45 DEG C of direction oblique pulls; When pawpaw growing height reaches 0.8m ± 0.05m, carry out second time at equidirectional and draw dry; When pawpaw growing height reaches 1m ± 0.05m, carry out third time at equidirectional and draw dry; Drawing dry rudiment of simultaneously erasing between axil;
C. water: according to soil moisture content, in 5-15 days, irrigate ground water spring and summer once, proper extension during winter; If desired for reduction indoor temperature, increase air humidity can adopt sprinkling irrigation;
D. body management is set:
I) pawpaw florescence pollination: every morning carries out artificial pollination, to increase the quantity of female melon and to improve the yield and quality of female melon; The malformed fruit occurred after bearing fruit is extractd at any time; Note fruit thinning at any time, keep a petiole place to retain a pawpaw;
Ii) pineapple: when the blade of pineapple individual plant length 0.30-0.35m reach 30 or above time, carry out artificial flower forcing, artificial flower forcing adopts the water of 800-1000ppm concentration and ethrel mixed liquor to fill with the heart, and heart amount 50g ± 5g is filled with in every strain;
E. the extermination of disease and insect pest:
I) to carbon bamboo disease, leaf spot that pawpaw suffers from, two spotted spider mite, slug insect pest adopt prophylactico-therapeutic measures in time according to generating object;
Ii) in time prophylactico-therapeutic measures is taked according to generating object to leaf spot, heart rot that pineapple occurs.
Fruit is gathered and packaging aspect in addition, handles with care when i) pawpaw is gathered, from gather packed and transported time carpopodium position down, control fruit juice pollutes fruit face, and before transport, chuck net avoids crowded evil idea in transportation and hard defects; Ii) pineapple when short-distance transport can yellow color reach 50% or slightly more than 50% time gather, or can medium rare ripe to sixty percent time gather, can gather when yellow color reaches 25% or when three is ripe when transporting for long-distance, reducing packaging and damaging in transit.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, a kind of winter warm type green house, comprise booth 1, rich water feed system, temperature control system, described booth comprises body of wall 2, the arch form steel skeleton 4 increased gradually from south to north be supported on body of wall at four sides, the management house 7 of construction is separated with side body of wall, with opposite side wall connecting be provided with notch cuttype walking channel 5 upwards, described passage is as a part for body of wall, strengthen the heat insulation effect in booth, simultaneously for administrative staff provide the passage at the upper and lower booth top from outside, carry out roller shutter operation or opening and closing in time and to breathe freely window.Described body of wall 2 is located on the reinforced concrete beds 1 of bottom, described body of wall 2 top is covered with upper reinforcement concrete 25, wherein east side body of wall, west side body of wall, north side body of wall is high, southern side body of wall is low, described body of wall 2 comprises interior brick-on-edge wall 24, outer brick-on-edge wall 21, wherein the inner side of outer brick-on-edge wall 21 is provided with plastic, thermal-insulation plate 22, pearlite insulating layer 23 is provided with between warming plate 22 and interior brick-on-edge wall 24, described upper reinforcement concrete 25 is provided with air-vent, described air-vent bottom is communicated with pearlite insulating layer, described air-vent is provided with the air tube connector 26 that circumferencial direction is sealed and matched, air tube connector is provided with tarpaulin, described arch form steel skeleton is being provided with slope 47 near body of wall place, north side, described slope is provided with armoured concrete slab 8, armoured concrete slab is covered with insulation film made, insulation film made is covered with the insulation material such as thermal insulation quilt or straw mat 9.
Described arch form steel skeleton 4 comprises top boom 46, lower boom 44, described top boom, the two ends up and down of lower boom respectively with north side body of wall, the prefabricated steel welding on body of wall top, southern side, described top boom, connected by many braces 45 between lower boom, described arch form steel skeleton to be breathed freely window 11 being provided with bottom near body of wall place, southern side, ventilative window 41 is being provided with near highest portion position place, described transom opening's edge the through setting of booth east-west direction, breathe freely window 11 in described bottom, top window 41 of breathing freely is provided with fly net 12, insulating plastic pipe 43 is provided with on arch form steel skeleton top, the insulation materials such as thermal insulation quilt 42 or straw mat are provided with on insulating plastic pipe top, described thermal insulation quilt or straw mat are connected with shutter 6, described shutter is supported on body of wall, irrigation conduit is provided with in booth.
The body of wall of described management house 7 is provided with transom 121, described transom 121 is provided with fly net 122, separated by hermatic door 123 to be opened/closed between described booth and management house 7, after being provided with transom, when canopy temperature is too high, open transom 121 and hermatic door 123, can secondary ventilation, accelerate air circulation in booth, discharge the waste heat in booth in time, avoid the too high harmful effect caused of canopy temperature.Hermatic door 123 top is provided with the double-layer transparent glass of high insulating effect, just can observe the actual conditions in booth in management house in time.When high, the high humidity of indoor temperature on daytime, open lower air vent, upper air vent, accelerate room air and outdoor convection circulation; When outdoor temperature is at night low, canopy temperature is lower, close lower air vent, upper air vent, change plastic film and thermal insulation quilt makes greenhouse chamber inside holding; When the booth humidity of monitoring is lower, connects the pipeline in booth, switch on the pump and carry out irrigating or connecting high-pressure nozzle, increase indoor humidity; When indoor temperature is high, humidity hour, open the high-pressure nozzle on top, the water under high pressure in jet pipe is sprayed in Interior Space by shower nozzle with fine mist form simultaneously, plays cooling and moisturization effect simultaneously.The bottom, doorway of described management house 7 is provided with the baffle plate 124 be sealed and matched with ground and both sides metope, and described height of baffle plate is more than 30cm.Booth is entered from doorway with the insect pest effectively preventing mouse etc. to be accustomed to walking about along corner.
Described rich water feed system comprises the water pump 71 be located in management house 7, described water pump 71 is connected with variable-frequency motor 72, described water pump 71 delivery port is connected with outlet conduit, described outlet conduit is connected with Main Underground pipeline 61, described Main Underground pipeline 61 is from pump house underground extends to inner greenhouse ground, described Main Underground pipeline 61 upwards elevates above the soil and forms main pipeline 73 in greenhouse chamber in the booth near management house side, near northern windbreak, the main droping irrigating pipe 74 being laid on ground along east-west direction is provided with in booth, the some aerial main irrigation pipes 75 laid along east-west direction be supported on arched girder lower boom 44 are provided with in booth, described main droping irrigating pipe 74 is connected with main pipeline in greenhouse chamber 73, aerial main irrigation pipe 75 is connected with main pipeline in greenhouse chamber 73 by the transition conduit 37 be supported on arch form steel skeleton 4.
Described main droping irrigating pipe 74 is connected with point droping irrigating pipe 76 being provided with multiple water jet 77, described point of droping irrigating pipe 76 is laid along North and South direction along ground, described multiple points of droping irrigating pipes 76 are connected in parallel on main droping irrigating pipe 74, described aerial main irrigation pipe 75 is provided with the some vertical pipes 77 be attached thereto, the lower end of described vertical pipe 77 is provided with high-pressure nozzle 78, first passage 84 in parallel is provided with between main pipeline 73 with main droping irrigating pipe 74 in greenhouse chamber, second channel 85, described second channel 85 is provided with Venturi tube 86, described Venturi tube 86 is provided with nutrient solution mouth 87, described nutrient solution mouth 87 is connected with nutrient tank 88 by nutrient solution passage, described first passage 84, the both sides of the Venturi tube 86 of second channel, main pipeline 73, main droping irrigating pipe 74, main irrigation pipe 75 is respectively equipped with valve switch 33, the various nutrient solutions of supply required for fruit growing are provided with in nutrient tank 88.When needing to spray various foliage fertilizer or nutritive element, these fertilizer are placed in flow container or liquid pool, blend into required concentration and ratio, by the effect of Venturi tube, nutrient solution is entered main jet droping irrigating pipe together with the water of main pipeline in greenhouse chamber, then each point of spray droping irrigating pipe is entered, by point multiple spray drop mouths of a river spray drop of spray droping irrigating pipe near fruit tree blade face or root, improve the absorption efficiency of nutrient solution.Spray when only needing to utilize water, when not needing supplying nutrition liquid, closed by the valve switch 33 of the both sides of Venturi tube 86, the valve switch 33 of first passage 84 is opened; When needs supplying nutrition liquid, opened by the valve switch 33 of the both sides of Venturi tube 86, the valve switch 33 of first passage 84 is closed, and makes nutrient solution flow into a point droping irrigating pipe together with the water in pipeline and is sprayed onto near fruit root for fruit root absorption.
Described booth inner with the ground of north side body of wall contact position on be provided with the artificial channel 27 of laying brick, the southern side of artificial channel 27 is provided with column, builds ceiling 28, plant climbing plant and climb for climbing plant near column on artificial channel 27 top; Described drip irrigation main pipeline 74 is laid along the ground in artificial channel southern side along east-west direction.
Left and right in described booth and centre position are respectively equipped with carbon dioxide reaction pond or retort 101, described retort is placed on locomotive 102, when the CO2 concentration of indoor is lower, the locomotive of band retort is shifted onto the precalculated position in booth, calcium carbonate granule is put in retort, then sulfuric acid is poured into, make that chemical reaction occurs in two and produce carbonic acid gas, thus increase the concentration of indoor carbon dioxide, to improve the photosynthetic efficiency of fruit, to accelerate the accumulation of plant organic matter, improve the yield and quality of fruit.Due to the greenhouse effect of CO2, indoor temperature can be increased simultaneously; In described booth, CO is installed
2measuring instrument 115, CO2 measuring instrument 115 is located on the body of wall in the greenhouse chamber of management house, so that observe at any time.
Described temperature control system comprises the some temperature sensors 111 be located in booth, humidity sensor 112, and described temperature sensor 111, humidity sensor 112 are connected with the digital Temperature and Humidity display instrument 113 in management house 7 by optical cable 114; Body of wall in described booth is being provided with heater near wall bottom, described heater adopts the electric heater 78 be connected with power supply, or the hot water of boiler heat supplying, vapor recycle pipeline, the heat of described heater is accelerated circulation by the blower fan air rotarily driven near radiating tube thus makes can evenly raise in whole booth in booth, makes booth room temperature remain on required indoor temperature.
By reference to the accompanying drawings the embodiment of invention is described although above-mentioned; but not limiting the scope of the invention; on the basis of technical scheme of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay various amendment or distortion that creative work can make still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. pawpaw and a pineapple stereo cultivation method, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
1) winter warm type green house is selected;
2) soil melioration and acidity adjustment
Before booth builds canopy, soil all ploughs deeply 0.6-0.8cm, and soils of north China alkalescence is large, and when ploughing deeply, every mu is spread 25m
3± 5m
3cow dung, simultaneously every mu of Cosan spreading 100kg ± 25kg is to regulate the pH value of soil;
3) resident time
Reach more than 15 DEG C with indoor temperature in spring and start field planting, pawpaw seedling adopts and 10-11 month sowed vegetative nursery stock at upper 1 year, and concrete steps are: the whole furrow of a.: in booth, North and South direction is according to the whole furrow of furrow spacing, the ridging of 1.5m; B. pawpaw is planted on ridge according to the line-spacing-spacing in the rows northwestward of 3m × (1.2-1.5) m to inclination 45 DEG C-50 DEG C, and pineapple is planted on furrow face according to the line-spacing-spacing in the rows of (0.5-1) m × 0.2m, irrigates normal root water after having planted;
4) management after field planting, comprises the following steps:
A. apply fertilizer: within after field planting one month, carry out fertilising in early stage, Application Ratio N/P/K is 1:1:1, the Application Ratio N/P/K that middle and later periods and flowering stage adopt is 1:1:1.2;
B. draw dry: when pawpaw plant strain growth height reaches about 0.5m, carry out first time and draw dry, first time draws dry direction to be northwestwards 45 DEG C of direction oblique pulls; When pawpaw growing height reaches about 0.8m, carry out second time at equidirectional and draw dry; When pawpaw growing height reaches about 1m, carry out third time at equidirectional and draw dry; Drawing dry rudiment of simultaneously erasing between axil;
C. water: according to soil moisture content, in 5-15 days, irrigate ground water spring and summer once, proper extension during winter;
D. body management is set: i) pawpaw florescence pollination: every morning carries out artificial pollination, extracts at any time the malformed fruit occurred after bearing fruit; Fruit thinning, a maintenance petiole place retain a pawpaw;
Ii) pineapple: when the blade of pineapple individual plant length 0.30-0.35m reach 30 or above time, carry out artificial flower forcing, artificial flower forcing adopts the water of 800-1000ppm concentration and ethrel mixed liquor to fill with the heart, and the heart about amount 50g is filled with in every strain;
E. the extermination of disease and insect pest, comprise i) to carbon bamboo disease, leaf spot that pawpaw suffers from, two spotted spider mite, slug insect pest adopt prophylactico-therapeutic measures in time according to generating object; Ii) in time prophylactico-therapeutic measures is taked according to generating object to leaf spot, heart rot that pineapple occurs;
5) fruit is gathered
I) handle with care when pawpaw is gathered, gathering, packed and transported time carpopodium position down, control fruit juice pollutes fruit face, and before transport, chuck net avoids crowded evil idea in transportation and hard defects;
Ii) pineapple when short-distance transport can yellow color reach 50% or slightly more than 50% time gather, transport for long-distance time can gather when yellow color reaches 25%, reduce packaging and damage in transit.
2. pawpaw as claimed in claim 1 and pineapple stereo cultivation method, it is characterized in that, described step 1) the indoor temperature of green house be 5 DEG C-32 DEG C, relative moisture 65% one 75%, when indoor temperature, relative moisture exceed this temperature or humidity range, adjust within the scope of this.
3. pawpaw as claimed in claim 1 and pineapple stereo cultivation method, is characterized in that, described step 3) uniform plantation two row pineapple between adjacent two ridges, the distance between two adjacent row pineapples and often between row pineapple and adjacent ridge is 0.5m.
4. pawpaw as claimed in claim 1 and pineapple stereo cultivation method, is characterized in that, described step 4) c auxiliaryly adopt sprinkling irrigation, to reduce indoor temperature, increase air humidity.
5. the pawpaw as described in any one of Claims 1-4 and pineapple stereo cultivation method, it is characterized in that, described winter warm type green house comprises booth, rich water feed system, temperature control system, described booth comprises the body of wall at four sides, be supported on the arch form steel skeleton on body of wall, the management house of construction is separated with side body of wall, with opposite side wall connecting be provided with notch cuttype walking channel upwards, described body of wall is located on the reinforced concrete beds of bottom, described body of wall top is covered with upper reinforcement concrete, wherein east side body of wall, west side body of wall, north side body of wall is high, southern side body of wall is low, described body of wall comprises interior brick-on-edge wall, outer brick-on-edge wall, wherein the inner side of outer brick-on-edge wall is provided with plastic, thermal-insulation plate, pearlite insulating layer is provided with between warming plate and interior brick-on-edge wall, described upper reinforcement concrete is provided with air-vent, described air-vent bottom is communicated with pearlite insulating layer, described air-vent is provided with the air tube connector be sealed and matched, air tube connector is provided with tarpaulin, described arch form steel skeleton is being provided with slope near body of wall place, north side, described slope is provided with armoured concrete slab, armoured concrete slab is covered with insulation film made, insulation film made is covered with insulation material, the body of wall of described management house is provided with transom, described transom is provided with fly net, separated by hermatic door to be opened/closed between described booth and management house, hermatic door top is provided with double-layer transparent glass, and the bottom, doorway of described management house is provided with the baffle plate be sealed and matched with ground and both sides metope, state booth inner with the ground of north side body of wall contact position on be provided with the artificial channel of laying brick, the southern side of artificial channel is provided with column, builds ceiling on artificial channel top.
6. pawpaw as claimed in claim 5 and pineapple stereo cultivation method, it is characterized in that, described arch form steel skeleton comprises top boom, lower boom, described top boom, the two ends up and down of lower boom respectively with north side body of wall, the prefabricated steel welding on body of wall top, southern side, described top boom, connected by many braces between lower boom, described arch form steel skeleton to be breathed freely window being provided with bottom near body of wall place, southern side, ventilative window is being provided with near highest portion position place, described transom opening's edge the through setting of booth east-west direction, breathe freely window in described bottom, top window of breathing freely is provided with fly net, insulating plastic pipe is provided with on arch form steel skeleton top, insulation material is provided with on insulating plastic pipe top, described insulation material is connected with shutter, described shutter is supported on body of wall, irrigation conduit is provided with in booth.
7. pawpaw as claimed in claim 5 and pineapple stereo cultivation method, it is characterized in that, described rich water feed system comprises the water pump be located in management house, described water Pump and Electromotor connects, described pump outlet is connected with outlet conduit, described outlet conduit is connected with Main Underground pipeline, described Main Underground pipeline is from pump house underground extends to inner greenhouse ground, described Main Underground pipeline upwards elevates above the soil and forms main pipeline in greenhouse chamber in the booth near management house side, near northern windbreak, the main droping irrigating pipe being laid on ground along east-west direction is provided with in booth, the some aerial main irrigation pipes laid along east-west direction be supported on arched girder lower boom are provided with in booth, described main droping irrigating pipe is connected with main pipeline in greenhouse chamber, aerial main irrigation pipe is connected with main pipeline in greenhouse chamber by the transition conduit be supported on arch form steel skeleton, described main droping irrigating pipe is connected with point droping irrigating pipe being provided with multiple water jet, described point of droping irrigating pipe is laid along North and South direction along ground, described aerial main irrigation pipe is provided with the some vertical pipes be attached thereto, the lower end of described vertical pipe is provided with high-pressure nozzle, first passage in parallel is provided with between main pipeline with main droping irrigating pipe in greenhouse chamber, second channel, described second channel is provided with Venturi tube, described Venturi tube is provided with nutrient solution mouth, described nutrient solution mouth is connected with nutrient tank by nutrient solution passage, described first passage, the both sides of the Venturi tube of second channel, main pipeline, main droping irrigating pipe, main irrigation pipe is respectively equipped with valve switch, the various nutrient solutions of supply required for fruit growing are provided with in nutrient tank.
8. pawpaw as claimed in claim 5 and pineapple stereo cultivation method, it is characterized in that, described temperature control system comprises the temperature sensor be located in booth, humidity sensor, and described temperature sensor, humidity sensor are connected with the digital Temperature and Humidity display instrument in management house by optical cable.
9. pawpaw as claimed in claim 5 and pineapple stereo cultivation method, is characterized in that, the body of wall in described booth is being provided with heater near wall bottom, and described heater adopts the electric heater be connected with power supply, or the hot water of boiler heat supplying, vapor recycle pipeline.
10. pawpaw as claimed in claim 5 and pineapple stereo cultivation method, is characterized in that, be provided with CO in described booth
2measuring instrument, CO
2measuring instrument is located on the body of wall in management house greenhouse chamber, is provided with CO in described booth
2reaction tank or retort, described retort is placed on locomotive.
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| CN106665068A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-05-17 | 河池市技术开发中心 | Method for fixed planting of pineapple plants high in survival rate |
| CN106797774A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-06-06 | 河池市技术开发中心 | The growth control method of pineapple cultivation |
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| CN107047097A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-08-18 | 北海康维生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of flower-forcing method of golden pineapple |
| CN107318527A (en) * | 2017-08-16 | 2017-11-07 | 内乡县中以高效农业科技开发有限公司 | A kind of windproof floor-heating type green house of vegetables |
| CN107646432A (en) * | 2017-09-23 | 2018-02-02 | 南京律智诚专利技术开发有限公司 | It is a kind of that cultivation room is carried based on the red of PLC controls |
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