CN114009265A - Artificial planting method for bird's nest fruits - Google Patents
Artificial planting method for bird's nest fruits Download PDFInfo
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- CN114009265A CN114009265A CN202111087705.8A CN202111087705A CN114009265A CN 114009265 A CN114009265 A CN 114009265A CN 202111087705 A CN202111087705 A CN 202111087705A CN 114009265 A CN114009265 A CN 114009265A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
- A01C23/047—Spraying of liquid fertilisers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/12—Supports for plants; Trellis for strawberries or the like
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/12—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries using renewable energies, e.g. solar water pumping
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an artificial planting method of bird's nest fruit, relating to the technical field of fruit planting, comprising the steps of soil preparation: preparing soil in a greenhouse, performing ridging operation on the planting ground, and paving a layer of non-woven fabric with the gram weight of 30 g; after the non-woven fabric layer is laid, laying a stone layer, wherein the thickness of the stone layer is not less than 5cm, and then covering the culture substrate on the surface of the stone, wherein the thickness of the substrate layer is not less than 30 cm; a disinfection step; column standing: selecting a cultivation support, wherein the cultivation support comprises a vertical rod with the height of at least 2.6m and a cross rod arranged on the vertical rod; a step of installing a water replenishing and fertilizing device; cultivating the edible bird's nest; transplanting the seedlings. The cubilose of the invention can grow at lower air temperature and has high growth quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit planting, in particular to an artificial planting method of bird's nest fruit.
Background
The fresh fruits such as the bird's nest fruits contain human albumin and anthocyanin of natural plants, are rich in various nutrient substances such as vitamin C and the like, are deeply loved by people, and the planting scale of the bird's nest fruits in China is continuously enlarged at present.
The bird nest fruit is also a perennial vine plant of the cactus planispa, is a yellow skin dragon fruit, and is a new fruit with good health care efficacy. Native to the tropical mountain areas of south America, such as Mexico, Ecuador, Peru, and the like. Thus determining its biological properties: 1. heat resistance and low temperature resistance. Can resist 40-50 ℃, but has different degrees of frostbite below 8 ℃, and can be frozen to death below 0 ℃. 2. It is not from hot and dry deserts but from tropical rain forests, so "nature" prefers not drought but wetting. Its root is not resistant to water immersion, not to water, but to oxygen deficit. Therefore, the cultivation characteristics are determined, deep planting but shallow planting is not needed, and drainage is convenient. The ground surface is preferably maintained with a layer of air-permeable and moisture-permeable covering, such as dry branches and fallen leaves or growing weeds, so that the aerial roots can stretch in a winding manner to absorb water and fertilizer on the near-to-ground surface according to the growing conditions of ancestors.
In the prior art, the edible bird's nest fruit planting is distributed in southern areas such as Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and the like, most of the edible bird's nest fruit planting is planted in open-air simple facilities, and spray irrigation, drip irrigation, umbrella-shaped shading and light supplement systems are paved on T-shaped supports, A-shaped supports or circular supports, so that the facilities cannot guarantee the edible bird's nest fruit to grow normally in hot summer. Meanwhile, the method does not guarantee that the air is not frostbitten in the extremely cold weather of which the temperature is lower than 7 ℃ suddenly, so that the growth result is influenced.
In the area with the air temperature not lower than minus 15 ℃, the fruit can only grow for about 9 months in a greenhouse if no substrate cultivation, temperature increasing system and light supplementing system exists.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a novel artificial planting method of bird's nest fruit, which can solve the technical problems in the background art.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: an artificial planting method of bird's nest fruit comprises the following operation steps;
land preparation: soil preparation is carried out in the greenhouse, the greenhouse selects a thin film multi-span greenhouse with a sun-shading and heat-insulating system, ridging operation is carried out on the planting ground, the ridging height of the planting ground is 28-35cm, the ridge width is 180cm, the center distance of adjacent ridge soil layers is larger than 2.8m, a layer of non-woven fabric is paved, and the gram weight of the non-woven fabric is 30 g;
after the non-woven fabric layer is laid, laying a stone layer, wherein the thickness of the stone layer is not less than 5cm, and then covering the culture substrate on the surface of the stone, wherein the thickness of the substrate layer is not less than 30 cm;
a disinfection step: and (3) disinfecting the culture medium after the medium is laid, wherein 10-12% of formaldehyde solution and water are adopted for disinfection according to the ratio of 1: 55, uniformly sprinkling the matrix, loosening the matrix at the same time, wherein the dosage is 26-28kg per square meter, covering the matrix with a plastic film after the sprinkling is finished, sealing for 3-5 days, uncovering the plastic film, and spreading and airing for 10-12 days;
column standing: selecting a cultivation support, wherein the cultivation support comprises a vertical rod with the height of at least 2.6m and cross rods arranged on the vertical rod, at least 4 cross rods are arranged, the cross rods are sequentially a first cross rod, a second cross rod, a third cross rod and a fourth cross rod from bottom to top, the length of each cross rod is 0.3-1.2m, the cultivation support is inserted into the soil for at least 0.5m, the cultivation supports are the same in height, two ends of each cross rod of the cultivation support are respectively pulled with a stainless steel wire or an anticorrosive steel wire, and two ends of each steel wire are anchored into the planting field;
water replenishing and fertilizing device installation: 6-8 drip irrigation pipes are laid on the culture substrate, a hard PE pipe for inserting a sword dropper is connected to the position 0.1m above the second cross rod, and a spray pipe is connected to the middle position of the top of the culture support;
and (3) cubilose cultivation: before cultivation, a 2 m-long PVC pipe or a stick is inserted into the cultivation substrate, the PVC pipe is inserted to a depth of 0.3m, the upper part of the PVC pipe or the stick is connected with two steel wires of a third cross rod and is positioned between the two steel wires, and the interval between the PVC pipe or the stick is 0.6 m;
transplanting seedlings, namely planting the seedlings on three surfaces of a PVC pipe or a stick according to the shape of Chinese character pin, wherein two seedlings are parallel to a second layer of steel wire rope respectively, the other seedling is arranged between the two seedlings, then enclosing the three seedlings from a matrix surface upwards by using a root binding device, the diameter of the root binding device is 0.3m, the height of the root binding device is 0.5m, the middle of the root binding device is filled with a culture matrix, watering is carried out every day after the seedlings are planted for 6 days, water is watered through the root soil, and continuous watering is carried out for not less than 20 days;
and (3) installing a heating system: and a solar energy and ground source heat pump temperature increasing system matched with the greenhouse is installed.
A preferred embodiment of the invention is that the first rail has a length of 0.8m, the second rail has a length of 0.4m, the third rail has a length of 0.3m and the fourth rail has a length of 1.2 m.
The preferable embodiment of the invention is that the first cross bar is 0.6m away from the upper surface layer of the substrate, the second cross bar is 0.85m away from the upper surface layer of the culture substrate, the third cross bar is 1.7m away from the upper surface of the culture substrate, and the fourth cross bar is arranged at the top of the vertical support bar.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the non-woven fabric is a long non-woven fabric having a grammage of 30g per square meter, the width of the non-woven fabric layers is 1.5 to 1.8m, the non-woven fabric layers are as long as the greenhouse, and the interval between the non-woven fabric layers is 0.8 to 1 m.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention further comprises a light supplement step: and in the light supplementing step, two light supplementing lamps are connected to steel wires at two ends of the cross rod at the top of the cultivation support, and the lamp distance is not less than 2 m.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention is that the non-woven fabric has stones with a diameter of 1-3 cm.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the matrix comprises mineral fertilizer, organic matter and beneficial microorganism;
the mineral fertilizer comprises phosphate ore, potash feldspar, zeolite and plant ash, wherein the phosphate ore, the potash feldspar and the zeolite are ground and fine, the phosphate ore accounts for 6% of the total volume, the potash feldspar accounts for 8% of the total volume, the zeolite accounts for 6% of the total volume, and the plant ash accounts for 20% of the total volume;
the organic matters comprise wood rotting fungus mushroom residues and straw rotting fungus mushroom residues, wherein the wood rotting fungus mushroom residues account for 29.75% of the total volume, and the straw rotting fungus mushroom residues account for 29.75% of the total volume;
the beneficial microorganisms are bacillus subtilis, trichoderma harzianum and bacillus licheniformis, wherein the bacillus subtilis accounts for 0.2 percent of the total volume ratio, the trichoderma harzianum accounts for 0.1 percent of the total volume ratio, and the bacillus licheniformis accounts for 0.2 percent of the total volume ratio.
Compared with the prior art, the cultivation support is improved, and meanwhile, the placement mode of the support is optimized, so that the bird's nest fruit plants grow in a better climbing mode, the bird's nest fruit can grow in an environment at the lowest temperature of 15 ℃ below zero by the bird's nest planting technology, and the growth of the bird's nest fruit and the quality of fruit can be effectively improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is data of test results for an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description, and it should be noted that any combination of the embodiments or technical features described below can be used to form a new embodiment without conflict.
The invention provides an artificial planting method of bird's nest fruit, which enables the bird's nest fruit to grow in an environment with alternating air temperatures, and the growth speed and the fruit quality are high.
Three groups of examples constitute a control group and the growth of the fruit of the bird's nest and the results of the three groups of embodiments are recorded and compared.
Example 1
The planting environment in this embodiment is a film multi-span room temperature greenhouse with a sun-shading and heat-insulating system, and the specific steps include the following soil preparation steps: carrying out soil preparation in the greenhouse, carrying out ridging operation on the planting ground, wherein the ridging height of the planting ground is 28-35cm, the ridge width is 150-180cm, the center distance of adjacent ridge soil layers is more than 2.8m, and meanwhile, a layer of non-woven fabric is laid, and the gram weight of the non-woven fabric is 30 g;
after the non-woven fabric layer is laid, laying a stone layer, wherein the thickness of the stone layer is 5cm, and then covering the culture substrate on the surface of the stone, wherein the thickness of the substrate layer is not less than 30 cm;
by laying the stones, part of soil insects can be reduced from directly climbing from soil below the cubilose fruit cultivation medium to invade the cubilose fruit, and salt in the soil can be prevented from upwards wicking.
A disinfection step: and (3) disinfecting the culture medium after the medium is laid, wherein 10-12% of formaldehyde solution and water are adopted for disinfection according to the ratio of 1: 55, uniformly sprinkling the matrix, loosening the matrix at the same time, wherein the dosage is 26-28kg per square meter, covering the matrix with a plastic film after the sprinkling is finished, sealing for 3-5 days, uncovering the plastic film, and spreading and airing for 10-12 days;
column standing: selecting a cultivation support, wherein the cultivation support comprises a vertical rod with the height of at least 2.6m and cross rods arranged on the vertical rod, at least 4 cross rods are arranged, the cross rods are sequentially a first cross rod, a second cross rod, a third cross rod and a fourth cross rod from bottom to top, the length of each cross rod is 0.3-1.2m, the cultivation support is inserted into the soil for at least 0.5m, the cultivation supports are the same in height, two ends of each cross rod of the cultivation support are respectively pulled with a stainless steel wire or an anticorrosive steel wire, and two ends of each steel wire are anchored into the planting field;
through improving planting the support, can make the edible bird's nest fruit realize double-deck fruit branch of bearing fruit, can support fertilization, moisturizing and light filling system simultaneously.
Water replenishing and fertilizing device installation: 6-8 drip irrigation pipes are laid on the culture substrate, a hard PE pipe for inserting a sword dropper is connected to the position 0.1m above the second cross rod, and a spray pipe is connected to the middle position of the top of the culture support;
the drip irrigation pipe can not only carry out water replenishing operation, but also spray nutrient solution to complete nutrient replenishment;
the fertilizing and water supplementing system can simulate the conditions of fog, rainwater and the like in the nature, so that the bird's nest fruits planted in the facility can better absorb nutrition and grow in the environment similar to the nature.
And (3) cubilose cultivation: before cultivation, a 2 m-long PVC pipe or a stick is inserted into the cultivation substrate, the PVC pipe is inserted to a depth of 0.3m, the upper part of the PVC pipe or the stick is connected with two steel wires of a third cross rod and is positioned between the two steel wires, and the interval between the PVC pipe or the stick is 0.6 m;
transplanting seedlings, namely planting the seedlings on three surfaces of a PVC pipe or a stick according to the shape of Chinese character pin, wherein two seedlings are parallel to a second layer of steel wire rope respectively, the other seedling is arranged between the two seedlings, then enclosing the three seedlings from a matrix surface upwards by using a root binding device, the diameter of the root binding device is 0.3m, the height of the root binding device is 0.5m, the middle of the root binding device is filled with a culture matrix, watering is carried out every day after the seedlings are planted for 6 days, water is watered through the root soil, and continuous watering is carried out for not less than 20 days;
the root must that the root system that the root bundling ware will plant upper portion outwards emanated wrap up, and partial root buries in soil like this, and partial root is in the root bundling ware, packs the nutrition soil in the root bundling ware simultaneously, can increase the area of root system, through the increase of root system area, can increase the efficiency of the water absorption of plant and absorption nutrient for plant growth efficiency is higher.
The cultivation of high-position multilayer root systems and double-layer fruit bearing branch fruit trees is formed by changing the planting mode of plants and arranging PVC pipes or wood sticks. The high-position multilayer root system formed in the way can increase the root area of the bird's nest fruit and increase the absorption of nutrient substances. The formation of double-layer fruiting branches effectively expands the planting space and increases the yield.
And (3) installing a heating system: and a solar energy and ground source heat pump temperature increasing system matched with the greenhouse is installed.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the position of the crossbars is further defined, the first crossbar having a length of 0.8m, the second crossbar having a length of 0.4m, the third crossbar having a length of 0.3m and the fourth crossbar having a length of 1.2 m. The first cross rod is 0.6m away from the upper surface layer of the substrate, the second cross rod is 0.85m away from the upper surface layer of the culture substrate, the third cross rod is 1.7m away from the upper surface of the culture substrate, and the fourth cross rod is arranged at the top of the vertical rod of the support.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the non-woven fabric is a long non-woven fabric having a grammage of 30 g/m, the width of the non-woven fabric layer is 1.5 to 1.8m, the non-woven fabric layer is as long as the greenhouse, and the interval between the non-woven fabric layers is 0.8 to 1 m.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method further includes a light supplement step: and in the light supplementing step, two light supplementing lamps are connected to steel wires at two ends of the cross rod at the top of the cultivation support, and the lamp distance is not less than 2 m.
The light supplement lamp can solve the problem that the sunshine intensity is insufficient due to short sunshine time or long-time rainy days in spring and winter festivals, so that the bird's nest fruit can be normally used in the seasons.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the non-woven fabric is laid with stones having a diameter of 1 to 3 cm.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the substrate comprises mineral fertilizer, organic matter, beneficial microorganism;
the mineral fertilizer comprises phosphate ore, potash feldspar, zeolite and plant ash, wherein the phosphate ore, the potash feldspar and the zeolite are ground and fine, the phosphate ore accounts for 6% of the total volume, the potash feldspar accounts for 8% of the total volume, the zeolite accounts for 6% of the total volume, and the plant ash accounts for 20% of the total volume;
the organic matters comprise wood rotting fungus mushroom residues and straw rotting fungus mushroom residues, wherein the wood rotting fungus mushroom residues account for 29.75% of the total volume, and the straw rotting fungus mushroom residues account for 29.75% of the total volume;
the beneficial microorganisms are bacillus subtilis, trichoderma harzianum and bacillus licheniformis, wherein the bacillus subtilis accounts for 0.2 percent of the total volume ratio, the trichoderma harzianum accounts for 0.1 percent of the total volume ratio, and the bacillus licheniformis accounts for 0.2 percent of the total volume ratio.
In the embodiment, the working pavement at two ends of the greenhouse is removed according to the row spacing of 3 meters and the row spacing of three planting seedlings in a shape like a Chinese character ' pin ' of 0.6 meter, and 1050 fruit trees of bird's nest can be planted per mu.
Example 2
In the embodiment, a cultivation substrate with the height of 0.2 meter and the width of 1.5 meters is scattered on the ground of an open-air cultivation field in the south, the cultivation substrate and the surface soil below the cultivation substrate are uniformly mixed and ridged, an A-shaped frame or a T-shaped frame is erected, drip irrigation and fog spraying are laid, a light supplementing lamp is arranged, a sunshade net is covered at the top of the light supplementing lamp, the row spacing is 3 meters, the single plant spacing is 0.3 meter, and 720 bird's nest fruit trees can be planted per mu.
The remaining planting method is the same as that of example 1, and therefore, the description thereof is omitted.
Example 3
In the embodiment, in the area not lower than minus 15 ℃ in the north, a cultivation medium with the height of 0.2 m and the width of 1.5 m and surface soil below the cultivation medium are scattered on the ground in a thin film multi-span greenhouse with a heat preservation and sun shading system and are uniformly mixed to form ridges, an A-shaped frame or a T-shaped frame is erected, drip irrigation and fog spraying are paved, light supplement lamps are installed, the row spacing is 3m, the single plant spacing is 0.3m, and 720 bird's nest fruit trees can be planted per mu.
The remaining planting method is the same as that of example 1, and therefore, the description thereof is omitted.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the invention, and the scope of the protection of the invention is not limited thereto, and any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the invention are intended to be covered by the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. An artificial planting method of bird's nest fruit is characterized in that: comprises the following operation steps;
land preparation: soil preparation is carried out in the greenhouse, the greenhouse selects a thin film multi-span greenhouse with a sun-shading and heat-insulating system, ridging operation is carried out on the planting ground, the ridging height of the planting ground is 28-35cm, the ridge width is 180cm, the center distance of adjacent ridge soil layers is larger than 2.8m, a layer of non-woven fabric is paved, and the gram weight of the non-woven fabric is 30 g;
after the non-woven fabric layer is laid, laying a stone layer, wherein the thickness of the stone layer is not less than 5cm, and then covering the culture substrate on the surface of the stone, wherein the thickness of the substrate layer is not less than 30 cm;
a disinfection step: and (3) disinfecting the culture medium after the medium is laid, wherein 10-12% of formaldehyde solution and water are adopted for disinfection according to the ratio of 1: 55, uniformly sprinkling the matrix, loosening the matrix at the same time, wherein the dosage is 26-28kg per square meter, covering the matrix with a plastic film after the sprinkling is finished, sealing for 3-5 days, uncovering the plastic film, and spreading and airing for 10-12 days;
column standing: selecting a cultivation support, wherein the cultivation support comprises a vertical rod with the height of at least 2.6m and cross rods arranged on the vertical rod, at least 4 cross rods are arranged, the cross rods are sequentially a first cross rod, a second cross rod, a third cross rod and a fourth cross rod from bottom to top, the length of each cross rod is 0.3-1.2m, the cultivation support is inserted into the soil for at least 0.5m, the cultivation supports are the same in height, two ends of each cross rod of the cultivation support are respectively pulled with a stainless steel wire or an anticorrosive steel wire, and two ends of each steel wire are anchored into the planting field;
water replenishing and fertilizing device installation: 6-8 drip irrigation pipes are laid on the culture substrate, a hard PE pipe for inserting a sword dropper is connected to the position 0.1m above the second cross rod, and a spray pipe is connected to the middle position of the top of the culture support;
and (3) cubilose cultivation: before cultivation, a 2 m-long PVC pipe or a stick is inserted into the cultivation substrate, the PVC pipe is inserted to a depth of 0.3m, the upper part of the PVC pipe or the stick is connected with two steel wires of a third cross rod and is positioned between the two steel wires, and the interval between the PVC pipe or the stick is 0.6 m;
transplanting seedlings, namely planting the seedlings on three surfaces of a PVC pipe or a stick according to the shape of Chinese character pin, wherein two seedlings are parallel to a second layer of steel wire rope respectively, the other seedling is arranged between the two seedlings, then enclosing the three seedlings from a matrix surface upwards by using a root binding device, the diameter of the root binding device is 0.3m, the height of the root binding device is 0.5m, the middle of the root binding device is filled with a culture matrix, watering is carried out every day after the seedlings are planted for 6 days, water is watered through the root soil, and continuous watering is carried out for not less than 20 days;
and (3) installing a heating system: and a solar energy and ground source heat pump temperature increasing system matched with the greenhouse is installed.
2. The artificial planting method of bird's nest fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that: the length of the first cross bar is 0.8m, the length of the second cross bar is 0.4m, the length of the third cross bar is 0.3m, and the length of the fourth cross bar is 1.2 m.
3. The artificial planting method of bird's nest fruit according to claim 2, characterized in that: the first cross rod is 0.6m away from the upper surface layer of the substrate, the second cross rod is 0.85m away from the upper surface layer of the culture substrate, the third cross rod is 1.7m away from the upper surface of the culture substrate, and the fourth cross rod is arranged at the top of the vertical rod of the support.
4. The artificial planting method of bird's nest fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that: the non-woven fabric is a strip non-woven fabric with the gram weight of 30g per square meter, the width of the non-woven fabric layer is 1.5-1.8m, the non-woven fabric layer and the greenhouse are as long as each other, and the interval between the non-woven fabric layers is 0.8-1 m.
5. The artificial planting method of bird's nest fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method also comprises a light supplementing step: and in the light supplementing step, two light supplementing lamps are connected to steel wires at two ends of the cross rod at the top of the cultivation support, and the lamp distance is not less than 2 m.
6. The artificial planting method of bird's nest fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that: the diameter of the stones laid on the non-woven fabric is 1-3 cm.
7. The artificial planting method of bird's nest fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that: the substrate comprises mineral fertilizer, organic matters and beneficial microorganism;
the mineral fertilizer comprises phosphate ore, potash feldspar, zeolite and plant ash, wherein the phosphate ore, the potash feldspar and the zeolite are ground and fine, the phosphate ore accounts for 6% of the total volume, the potash feldspar accounts for 8% of the total volume, the zeolite accounts for 6% of the total volume, and the plant ash accounts for 20% of the total volume;
the organic matters comprise wood rotting fungus mushroom residues and straw rotting fungus mushroom residues, wherein the wood rotting fungus mushroom residues account for 29.75% of the total volume, and the straw rotting fungus mushroom residues account for 29.75% of the total volume;
the beneficial microorganisms are bacillus subtilis, trichoderma harzianum and bacillus licheniformis, wherein the bacillus subtilis accounts for 0.2 percent of the total volume ratio, the trichoderma harzianum accounts for 0.1 percent of the total volume ratio, and the bacillus licheniformis accounts for 0.2 percent of the total volume ratio.
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