CN105075832A - Normalized cultivation method for field cultivation of dendrobium officinale - Google Patents
Normalized cultivation method for field cultivation of dendrobium officinale Download PDFInfo
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- CN105075832A CN105075832A CN201510606120.0A CN201510606120A CN105075832A CN 105075832 A CN105075832 A CN 105075832A CN 201510606120 A CN201510606120 A CN 201510606120A CN 105075832 A CN105075832 A CN 105075832A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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Abstract
The invention discloses a normalized cultivation method for field cultivation of dendrobium officinale, and aims at providing a normalized cultivation method for field cultivation of dendrobium officinale which is high in product quality. The method comprises the first step of planting field selection, the second step of soil preparation, the third step of plastic tunnel build, the fourth step of matrix treatment, the fifth step of matrix laying, the sixth step of transplanting, the seventh step of field management and the eighth step of harvesting. The normalized cultivation method for the field cultivation of the dendrobium officinale is not only suitable for promotion cultivation in flat areas and gentle slope zones, but also suitable for the promotion cultivation in mountainous areas and hilly zones which are good in natural ecological environment. The influence of terrains on the cultivation method is small, the adaptability is strong, the cultivation method is suitable for promotion of artificial normalization and large-scale cultivation of the dendrobium officinale, the produced dendrobium officinale can meet the requirements of markets, and products with high quality can be provided for the markets.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to dendrobium candidum planting technology field, a kind of standardized cultivation method of planting with especially relating to dendrobium candidum.
Background technology
Dendrobium candidum (DendrobiumofficinaleKimuraetMigo) has another name called ribbed hedyotis herb, Yunnan iron sheet, and grow nonparasitically upon another plant for the orchid family is perennial herbaceous plant, is used as medicine with the stem of drying.Be the superfine product of enriching yin qi-restoratives, tonifying five zang organs in Traditional Chinese Medicine Chinese medicine, be among the peoplely commonly called as " the celestial grass of help ".In the Shennong's Herbal in Western Han Dynastry's last years of a dynasty or reign just using dendrobium candidum as top grade record on the regular payroll: " in main wound, except thin thin, the reinforcing yin essence of numbness, lower gas, tonifying five zang organs consumptive disease, taking thick stomach for a long time "." Taoist Scriptures " between Katyuan year the Tang Dynasty Fu a kind of reed mentioned in ancient books of dendrobium candidum, Herba Saussureae Involueratae, three double ginsengs, the hundred Two decades years tubers of multiflower knotweed, cycle of sixty years, desert cistanche, remote mountains glossy ganoderma, seabed pearl, Cordyceps sinensis and call Chinese nine immortals grass, dendrobium candidum ranks first of nine immortal grass, the product of unique pure enriching yin in nine immortal grass, " the holy product of enriching yin " of successive dynasties imperial palace noble health care first-selection.The Chinese tradition traditional Chinese medical science thinks the effects such as dendrobium candidum has nourishing Tianjin, builds up health, strengthens the spleen and stomach, protects liver cholagogic, promotes longevity, enriching yin improving eyesight, modern age, clinical research showed, dendrobium candidum not only can strengthen insulin active, significantly can reduce blood sugar level simultaneously, make the normal effect of blood sugar recovery.
Dendrobium officinale generally grows between the back precipice seam on unfrequented remote, thickly forested mountains and overhanging cliff, in its natural state, Seeds of Dendrobium Candidum germination rate is less than 5%, the 3-5 year is needed to entering into the commodity stage from seed germination, natural production is very rare, in addition rob formula digging for a long time, dendrobium officinale is on the verge of exhaustion.1975, dendrobium candidum is listed in " endangered species of wild fauna and flora international trade pact " endangered plants.Along with the raising day by day of people's living standard, the demand of market to dendrobium candidum also grows with each passing day, and dendrobium officinale can not meet the demand in market far away.
Along with market is to the increase of dendrobium candidum demand, artificial cultivation dendrobium candidum also arises at the historic moment.The artificial large-scale planting pattern of dendrobium candidum mainly adopts the built on stilts cultivation in seedbed now, and this cultivation mode, by physical features environmental limit, is suitable for level land or the cultivation of area, gentle slope.In the cultivation of dendrobium candidum, in order to remove germ in soil and in matrix, the disease such as insect and worm's ovum, need to use a large amount of insecticides and bactericide, this kind of mode not only increases the cost of plantation, simultaneously a large amount of use chemicals, can to soil and environment, use chemicals a large amount of for a long time is very easily formed residual in the body of dendrobium candidum, can impact the quality of dendrobium candidum.
Summary of the invention
Instant invention overcomes shortcoming of the prior art, the standardized cultivation method of planting with providing the low and dendrobium candidum that product quality is high of a kind of environmental protection, planting cost.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
The standardized cultivation method that dendrobium candidum ground plants, it comprises following content:
(1) planting site is selected
Select average temperature of the whole year be greater than 16 DEG C, year air average relative humidity be greater than 17%, average annual rainfall is greater than the planting site of place moister in the area of 1000mm as dendrobium candidum;
(2) wholely
A, to turn over: select to turn over plough in fine day tractor-ploughing, turn over the upturned soil plowed and be fully exposed to the sun through sunlight, kill part weeds, pathogen, soil insect and worm's ovum thereof, to the dry easily fragmentation of upturned soil;
B, the bedding of reason moisture in the soil: the parallel direction along local prevailing wind direction is ploughed the first furrow as a guideline, and ploughs the first furrow as a guideline by wide 6m, moisture in the soil face width 5.4m, and moisture in the soil coca is 20 ~ 25cm according to the size of terrain slope; Moisture in the soil face length degree is decided according to landform, and moisture in the soil face length degree about about hundred meters offers Yao Gou, as main track and main drain; Dead furrow is left, as secondary drain ditch between moisture in the soil;
(3) canopy is built
The trend of dendrobium candidum planting shed is parallel to local prevailing wind direction, and ceiling covers one deck plastic tunnel film, and outside adds a cover at least one deck black nylon sunshade net again, regulates canopy iuuminting rate to be 20%-30%;
(4) process of matrix
Adopt new pine bark or reclaim old pine bark and be equipped with the primary raw material of stone as matrix, concrete process is as follows:
The process of a, new pine bark
The pine bark that new purchase comes is ground into the fragment of 2-3cm size, pine bark after pulverizing is mixed with adequate nutrition liquid or appropriate farmyard manure after fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, add suitable quantity of water to stir, sealing pile fermentation more than three months, monthly stir once to ferment evenly;
The process of b, old pine bark
After dendrobium candidum is gathered, reclaim old pine bark, the foreign material such as undesirable root, weeds in removing matrix, load high-temp steam sterilizing pond, seal Chi Ding and pass into steam from lower to upper; When sterilizing pond top layer substrate temperature reaches 80 DEG C, then sterilizing can stop passing into steam for 30 minutes, and old pine bark sterilizing completes stand-by;
The process of c, stone
Stone is pulverized the rubble for diameter 3-5cm size, and sieve goes to broken end stand-by;
(5) laying of matrix
Smooth moisture in the soil face after whole ground, layer of non-woven fabric is laid in moisture in the soil face; Lay the rubble that crushes above non-woven fabrics and shakeout, thickness is 10 ~ 15cm; By the broken pine bark after decomposition reactor system or the old pine bark uniform spreading after steam treatment above rubble, thickness is 5 ~ 10cm;
(6) transplant
Candidum tissue culturing seedling, after hardening, is transplanted on broken pine tree cortex, plants completely be advisable below matrix with fleshy root;
(7) field management
According to the growing way of local climate condition, damage by disease and insect pests occurrence rule and dendrobium candidum, strengthen the irrigation and drainage in field, fertilising, laxative, weeding;
(8) gather
Gathered from after dendrobium candidum is transplanted the 3rd year, carry out when gathering and adopt old branch, stay sprouting, up cut off at 3cm ~ 5cm place at dendrobium candidum branch basal part of stem, be beneficial to sprout sprouting.
Preferably, turning in step (2) is selected in carries out annual October ~ June in next year, and ploughing depth is 15 ~ 30cm.
Preferably, the moisture in the soil limit sheet material of moisture in the soil, cement plate or asbestos shingle are piled up in step (2).
Preferably, step (2) middle part of the side furrow width about 1m, dark 40 ~ 50cm, wide about 60cm, lower wide about 20cm on dead furrow.
Preferably, step (5) medium stone layer material can be the stone of the lime stone after pulverizing, queen closer, thick river sand, cobblestone or half weathering.
Preferably, described metalling is pulverized by lime stone and is formed.
Preferably, the clump transplanted in step (6) is apart from being 15cm × 15cm, and every clump is 6 ~ 9 strains by seedling amount, and planting depth is 2 ~ 3cm.
Preferably, acceleration process can be carried out to pine bark new after pulverizing as required in step (5), be specially and steam new pine bark with steam, killing ova and microorganism.
Preferably, in step (2), the time of sunning the earth which has been ploughed up is 5 ~ 7 days.
Compared with prior art, tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) the present invention had both been suitable for flat area and had eased up hillside fields band Extend culture, was suitable for again the excellent mountain area of natural ecological environment, hilly country Extend culture.This cultivation method is less by the impact of physical features, strong adaptability, and applicable dendrobium candidum manually standardizes and the popularization of large-scale planting, and the dendrobium candidum produced can meet the demand in market, can provide high-quality, high-quality product again for market.
(2) the present invention is isolated by non-woven fabrics, pine bark pile fermentation and the weakly alkaline characteristic of lime stone, the generation of damage by disease and insect in effective reduction dendrobium candidum planting process, and then effectively reduce the use of bactericide, agrochemical chemicals, not only planting cost effectively reduces, and the quality of dendrobium candidum is also able to effective lifting.
Embodiment
Be clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention below, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not paying the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment:
Test in Yi Xiang town, Simao District, Puer City, Yunnan Province, Extend culture area 400 mu.Within 2008, start plantation, 2010 start to gather, and gather continuously 5 years, the fresh dendrobium candidum of average yield per mu 1200 kilograms.By fresh dendrobium candidum market price in 2010 600 yuan of/kilogram of calculating, per mu yield is worth 720,000 yuan.Concrete plantation process is as follows:
(1) planting site is selected
Select average temperature of the whole year to be greater than 16 DEG C, year air average relative humidity be greater than 17%, in the area that average annual rainfall is greater than 1000mm, the place of moister (soil moisture content is greater than 15%) is as the planting site of dendrobium candidum;
(2) wholely
A, to turn over: select to turn over plough in fine day tractor-ploughing, turn over the upturned soil plowed and be fully exposed to the sun through sunlight, kill part weeds, pathogen, soil insect and worm's ovum thereof, to the dry easily fragmentation of upturned soil; Turn over to be selected in and carry out annual October ~ June in next year, ploughing depth is 15 ~ 30cm, and the time of sunning the earth which has been ploughed up is generally 5 ~ 7 days in the sufficient situation of sunlight;
B, the bedding of reason moisture in the soil: the parallel direction along local prevailing wind direction is ploughed the first furrow as a guideline, and ploughs the first furrow as a guideline by wide 6m, moisture in the soil face width 5.4m, and moisture in the soil coca is 20 ~ 25cm according to the size of terrain slope; Moisture in the soil face length degree is decided according to landform, and moisture in the soil face length degree about about hundred meters offers Yao Gou, as main track and main drain; Dead furrow is left, as secondary drain ditch between moisture in the soil; Waist furrow width about 1m, dark 40 ~ 50cm, wide about 60cm, lower wide about 20cm on dead furrow; For ensureing the indeformable landslide, moisture in the soil limit of moisture in the soil, available sheet material, cement plate or asbestos shingle are piled up;
(3) canopy is built
The trend of dendrobium candidum planting shed is parallel to local prevailing wind direction, and ceiling covers one deck plastic tunnel film, and outside adds a cover at least one deck black nylon sunshade net again, regulates canopy iuuminting rate to be 20%-30%;
(4) process of matrix
Adopt new pine bark to be equipped with the primary raw material of stone as matrix, concrete process is as follows:
The process of a, new pine bark
The pine bark that new purchase comes is ground into the fragment of 2-3cm size, pine bark after pulverizing is mixed with adequate nutrition liquid or appropriate farmyard manure after fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, add suitable quantity of water to stir, sealing pile fermentation more than three months, monthly stir once to ferment evenly; Pine bark after being pulverized by pile fermentation, is made pine bark ferment and generates heat, and produces high temperature to kill the damage by disease and insect such as bacterium, worm's ovum that pine bark adheres to, and part pine bark also can be made to rot to produce the nutrient needed for Growth of Dendrobium candidum simultaneously.By which process pine bark, effectively can reduce the use of the chemicals such as insecticide, bactericide, not only cost is minimized, not contaminated soil and environment, and dendrobium candidum is not by the pollution of chemicals, and quality effectively improves.
The process of b, stone
Adopt lime stone, be crushed into the rubble of diameter 3-5cm size, sieve goes to broken end stand-by; Lime stone can faint water-soluble formation weak base, regulate the acid base equilibrium of the matrix of dendrobium candidum, simultaneously its a small amount of calcium dissolved can kill bacterium in soil and worm's ovum, guarantees that soil can not produce large-area disease for a long time, effectively ensures growing up healthy and sound of dendrobium candidum.
(5) laying of matrix
Smooth moisture in the soil face after whole ground, layer of non-woven fabric is laid in moisture in the soil face; Lay the rubble that crushes above non-woven fabrics and shakeout, thickness is 10 ~ 15cm; By the broken pine bark uniform spreading after decomposition reactor system above rubble, thickness is 5 ~ 10cm; Non-woven fabrics has the strong advantage of gas permeability, and adopt and meet the production of FDA food grade materials, not containing other chemical compositions, stable performance, nontoxic, free from extraneous odour, can not cause environmental pollution.The erosion of its energy isolate bacteria and insects, bacterium in soil and insects are isolated from the downside of it, bacterium and insects are made to lose new parasitic body or food source and die, the bacterium in soil and insects are avoided to enter matrix, the long-term cleaning ensureing matrix, for this reason, damage by disease and insect is effectively controlled, significantly reduce the use of agrochemical chemicals, the cost of not only planting reduces, and the quality of dendrobium candidum is also promoted.
(6) transplant
Candidum tissue culturing seedling, after hardening, is transplanted on broken pine tree cortex, plants completely be advisable below matrix with fleshy root; The clump transplanted is apart from being 15cm × 15cm, and every clump is 6 ~ 9 strains by seedling amount, and planting depth is 2 ~ 3cm;
(7) field management
According to the growing way of local climate condition, damage by disease and insect pests occurrence rule and dendrobium candidum, strengthen the irrigation and drainage in field, fertilising, laxative, weeding;
(8) gather
Gathered from after dendrobium candidum is transplanted the 3rd year, carry out when gathering and adopt old branch, stay sprouting, up cut off at 3cm ~ 5cm place at dendrobium candidum branch basal part of stem, be beneficial to sprout sprouting.
In this time plantation experiment, the transplanting survival rate of dendrobium candidum is up to more than 99.5%, gather in the cycle in the plantation of whole dendrobium candidum, the use of bactericide, agrochemical chemicals is less than 10% of general planting, effectively reduce dispenser cost, reduce the pollution of chemicals to soil and environment, and then also make the quality of dendrobium candidum effectively improve.
In above-described embodiment, in order to reduce the consumption of pine bark, recyclable old pine bark substitutes, and to reduce the consumption of pine bark, the processing mode of old pine bark is as follows:
After dendrobium candidum is gathered, reclaim old pine bark, the foreign material such as undesirable root, weeds in removing matrix, load high-temp steam sterilizing pond, seal Chi Ding and pass into steam from lower to upper; When sterilizing pond top layer substrate temperature reaches 80 DEG C, then sterilizing can stop passing into steam for 30 minutes, and old pine bark sterilizing completes stand-by;
Obviously, in above-described embodiment, step (5) medium stone layer is with outside material delime stone, also can adopt the stone etc. of the queen closer after pulverizing, thick river sand, cobblestone or half weathering.
In actual production process, use new pine bark to carry out matrix laying if need badly, acceleration process can be carried out to the new pine bark after pulverizing, be specially and steam new pine bark with steam, killing ova and microorganism.
The present invention had both been suitable for flat area and had eased up hillside fields band Extend culture, was suitable for again the excellent mountain area of natural ecological environment, hilly country Extend culture.This cultivation method is less by the impact of physical features, strong adaptability, and applicable dendrobium candidum manually standardizes and the popularization of large-scale planting, and the dendrobium candidum produced can meet the demand in market, can provide high-quality, high-quality product again for market.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a standardized cultivation method for dendrobium candidum ground cultivation, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) planting site is selected
Select average temperature of the whole year be greater than 16 DEG C, year air average relative humidity be greater than 17%, average annual rainfall is greater than the planting site of place moister in the area of 1000mm as dendrobium candidum;
(2) wholely
A, to turn over: select to turn over plough in fine day tractor-ploughing, turn over the upturned soil plowed and be fully exposed to the sun through sunlight, kill part weeds, pathogen, soil insect and worm's ovum thereof, to the dry easily fragmentation of upturned soil;
B, the bedding of reason moisture in the soil: the parallel direction along local prevailing wind direction is ploughed the first furrow as a guideline, and ploughs the first furrow as a guideline by wide 6m, moisture in the soil face width 5.4m, and moisture in the soil coca is 20 ~ 25cm according to the size of terrain slope; Moisture in the soil face length degree is decided according to landform, and moisture in the soil face length degree about about hundred meters offers Yao Gou, as main track and main drain; Dead furrow is left, as secondary drain ditch between moisture in the soil;
(3) canopy is built
The trend of dendrobium candidum planting shed is parallel to local prevailing wind direction, and ceiling covers one deck plastic tunnel film, and outside adds a cover at least one deck black nylon sunshade net again, regulates canopy iuuminting rate to be 20%-30%;
(4) process of matrix
Adopt new pine bark or reclaim old pine bark and be equipped with the primary raw material of stone as matrix, concrete process is as follows:
The process of a, new pine bark
The pine bark that new purchase comes is ground into the fragment of 2-3cm size, pine bark after pulverizing is mixed with adequate nutrition liquid or appropriate farmyard manure after fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, add suitable quantity of water to stir, sealing pile fermentation more than three months, monthly stir once to ferment evenly;
The process of b, old pine bark
After dendrobium candidum is gathered, reclaim old pine bark, the foreign material such as undesirable root, weeds in removing matrix, load high-temp steam sterilizing pond, seal Chi Ding and pass into steam from lower to upper; When sterilizing pond top layer substrate temperature reaches 80 DEG C, then sterilizing can stop passing into steam for 30 minutes, and old pine bark sterilizing completes stand-by;
The process of c, stone
Stone is pulverized the rubble for diameter 3-5cm size, and sieve goes to broken end stand-by;
(5) laying of matrix
Smooth moisture in the soil face after whole ground, layer of non-woven fabric is laid in moisture in the soil face; Lay the rubble that crushes above non-woven fabrics and shakeout, thickness is 10 ~ 15cm; By the broken pine bark after decomposition reactor system or the old pine bark uniform spreading after steam treatment above rubble, thickness is 5 ~ 10cm;
(6) transplant
Candidum tissue culturing seedling, after hardening, is transplanted on broken pine tree cortex, plants completely be advisable below matrix with fleshy root;
(7) field management
According to the growing way of local climate condition, damage by disease and insect pests occurrence rule and dendrobium candidum, strengthen the irrigation and drainage in field, fertilising, laxative, weeding;
(8) gather
Gathered from after dendrobium candidum is transplanted the 3rd year, carry out when gathering and adopt old branch, stay sprouting, up cut off at 3cm ~ 5cm place at dendrobium candidum branch basal part of stem, be beneficial to sprout sprouting.
2. the standardized cultivation method of dendrobium candidum ground cultivation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: turning in step (2) is selected in carries out annual October ~ June in next year, and ploughing depth is 15 ~ 30cm.
3. the dendrobium candidum ground standardized cultivation method of planting according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the moisture in the soil limit sheet material of moisture in the soil, cement plate or asbestos shingle are piled up in step (2).
4. the standardized cultivation method of dendrobium candidum ground cultivation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step (2) middle part of the side furrow width about 1m, dark 40 ~ 50cm, wide about 60cm, lower wide about 20cm on dead furrow.
5. the dendrobium candidum ground standardized cultivation method of planting according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step (5) medium stone layer material is the stone of lime stone after pulverizing, queen closer, thick river sand, cobblestone or half weathering.
6. the standardized cultivation method of dendrobium candidum ground cultivation according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described metalling is pulverized by lime stone and formed.
7. the standardized cultivation method of dendrobium candidum ground cultivation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the clump transplanted in step (6) is apart from being 15cm × 15cm, and every clump is 6 ~ 9 strains by seedling amount, and planting depth is 2 ~ 3cm.
8. the standardized cultivation method of dendrobium candidum ground cultivation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: carry out acceleration process to pine bark new after pulverizing as required in step (5), be specially and steam new pine bark with steam, killing ova and microorganism.
9. the standardized cultivation method of dendrobium candidum ground cultivation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (2), the time of sunning the earth which has been ploughed up is 5 ~ 7 days.
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| CN105724213A (en) * | 2016-02-27 | 2016-07-06 | 云南农业大学 | Formula of medium for planting dendrobium officinale |
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| CN110291947A (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2019-10-01 | 广西山记农业发展有限公司 | A kind of dendrobium candidum implantation methods, dendrobium candidum and its fresh item |
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