CN105075832B - A kind of standardized cultivation method planted dendrobium candidum - Google Patents
A kind of standardized cultivation method planted dendrobium candidum Download PDFInfo
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- CN105075832B CN105075832B CN201510606120.0A CN201510606120A CN105075832B CN 105075832 B CN105075832 B CN 105075832B CN 201510606120 A CN201510606120 A CN 201510606120A CN 105075832 B CN105075832 B CN 105075832B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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Abstract
A kind of standardized cultivation method planted the invention discloses dendrobium candidum, it is desirable to provide the standardized cultivation method planted a kind of high dendrobium candidum of product quality.The present invention comprises the following steps：（1）Select planting site；（2）Site preparation；（3）Build canopy；（4）The processing of matrix；（5）The laying of matrix；（6）Transplanting；（7）Field management and（8）Harvesting.The present invention not only eased up hillside fields with Extend culture suitable for plains region, but also was suitable for the excellent mountain area of natural ecological environment, hilly country Extend culture.The cultural method influenced by physical features it is smaller, it is adaptable, be adapted to dendrobium candidum manually standardization and the popularization of large-scale planting, the dendrobium candidum produced can meet the needs of market and the product of high-quality, high quality is provided for market.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to dendrobium candidum planting technology field, the standardized cultivation planted more particularly, to a kind of dendrobium candidum
Method.
Background technology
Dendrobium candidum（DendrobiumofficinaleKimuraetMigo）Also known as ribbed hedyotis herb, Yunnan iron sheet, it is orchid family
The perennial herbaceous plant that grows nonparasitically upon another plant, is used as medicine with dry stem.It is enriching yin qi-restoratives in Traditional Chinese Medicine Chinese medicine, the superfine product of tonifying five zang organs, it is among the people
It is commonly called as " help celestial grass ".Early in Western Han Dynastry's last years of a dynasty or reign《Sheng Nong's herbal classic》In just recorded using dendrobium candidum as top grade it is on the regular payroll:" main wound
In, eliminating impediment, lower gas, the thin thin, Qiang Yin of tonifying five zang organs consumptive disease, long term usage thickness stomach ".Between Katyuan year the Tang Dynasty《Taoist Scriptures》Dendrobium candidum,
Herba Saussureae Involueratae, three double ginsengs, 120 years tubers of multiflower knotweed, Fu a kind of reed mentioned in ancient books of cycle of sixty years, desert cistanche, remote mountains ganoderma lucidum, seabed pearl, cordyceps sinensis are simultaneously
Referred to as Chinese nine big celestial grass, dendrobium candidum rank first of nine big celestial grass, be unique pure enriching yin in nine big celestial grass product, successive dynasties emperor
" the enriching yin sage product " of palace noble's health care first choice.The Chinese tradition traditional Chinese medical science think dendrobium candidum have nourish yin jin, build up health,
Strengthen the spleen and stomach, protect liver cholagogic, promote longevity, enriching yin improving eyesight and other effects, modern age clinical research shows, dendrobium candidum can not only increase
Strong insulin active, while the effect of blood sugar level can be significantly reduced, make blood sugar recovery normal.
Dendrobium officinale is generally grown between the back precipice seam on unfrequented remote, thickly forested mountains and overhanging cliff, certainly
Under right state, Seeds of Dendrobium Candidum germination rate is less than 5%, and being sprouted from seed to entering the commodity stage needs the 3-5 years, natural
Yield is extremely rare, robs formula digging for a long time in addition, and dendrobium officinale has been on the verge of exhaustion.1975, dendrobium candidum was listed in
《Endangered species of wild fauna and flora international trade pact》Endangered plants.With the increasingly raising of people's living standard, market is to iron sheet stone
The demand of dry measure used in former times is also growing day by day, and dendrobium officinale much can not meet the demand in market.
With increase of the market to dendrobium candidum demand, artificial cultivation dendrobium candidum also comes into being.Iron sheet stone now
The artificial large-scale planting pattern of dry measure used in former times mainly makes somebody a mere figurehead cultivation using seedbed, which is limited by physical features environment, is suitable for putting down
Ground or the cultivation of gentle slope area.In the cultivation of dendrobium candidum, in order to remove germ in soil and in matrix, pest with
And the disease such as worm's ovum, it is necessary to using substantial amounts of insecticide and fungicide, this kind of mode not only increases the cost of plantation, while greatly
Amount uses chemicals, and soil and environment can be polluted, long-term largely using chemicals easily in iron sheet stone
The internal of dry measure used in former times forms residual, and the quality of dendrobium candidum can be impacted.
The content of the invention
The present invention overcomes in the prior art the shortcomings that, there is provided it is a kind of environmental protection, planting cost is low and product quality is high
The standardized cultivation method planted dendrobium candidum.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions：
The standardized cultivation method planted, it includes herein below a kind of dendrobium candidum：
（1）Select planting site
Select average temperature of the whole year be more than 16 DEG C, year air average relative humidity be more than 17%, average annual rainfall is more than
Planting site of the moister place as dendrobium candidum in the area of 1000mm；
（2）Site preparation
A, turn over：Selection turns over plough in fine day with tractor-ploughing, turns over the upturned soil plowed and is fully exposed to the sun through sunlight, killing part weeds,
Pathogen, subterranean pest-insect and its worm's ovum, untill upturned soil drying is broken；
B, moisture in the soil bedding is managed：Plough the first furrow as a guideline along the parallel direction of local prevailing wind direction, plough the first furrow as a guideline by wide 6m, the wide 5.4m of moisture surface, moisture in the soil coca evidence
The size of terrain slope is 20~25cm；Moisture surface length is decided according to landform, and about hundred meters or so of moisture surface length opens up waist ditch, as
Main track and main drain；Dead furrow is left between moisture in the soil, as secondary gutter；
（3）Build canopy
The trend of dendrobium candidum planting shed covers one layer of vinyl house film parallel to local prevailing wind direction, ceiling, and outside adds again
At least one layer of black nylon sunshade net of lid, it is 20% -30% to adjust canopy iuuminting rate；
（4）The processing of matrix
Primary raw material of the stone as matrix is equipped with using new pine bark or the old pine bark of recycling, specific processing is as follows：
A, the processing of new pine bark
The pine bark that new purchase comes is ground into the fragment of 2-3cm sizes, by the pine bark after crushing and adequate nutrition liquid
Or the appropriate farm manure mixing after fully decomposed, add suitable quantity of water to stir evenly, seal pile fermentation more than three months, monthly turn over
It is dynamic once uniform to ferment；
B, the processing of old pine bark
After dendrobium candidum harvesting, old pine bark is recycled, remove the debris such as undesirable root in matrix, weeds, load high-temperature steam
Sterilize pond, seals Chi Ding and is passed through steam from lower to upper；When the pond top layer substrate temperature that sterilizes is up to 80 DEG C, then sterilize 30 minutes
Stopping is passed through steam, and old pine bark sterilizing is completed stand-by；
C, the processing of stone
Stone is crushed into the rubble for diameter 3-5cm sizes, it is stand-by to weed out powder；
（5）The laying of matrix
Smooth moisture surface after site preparation, moisture surface are laid with layer of non-woven fabric；The rubble crushed is laid with above non-woven fabrics and is shakeout,
Thickness is 10~15cm；Broken pine bark after decomposition reactor system or the old pine bark after steam treatment are uniformly layered on rubble
Side, thickness is 5~10cm；
（6）Transplanting
Candidum tissue culturing seedling is transplanted on broken pine tree cortex, is planted completely below matrix with fleshy root after hardening
It is advisable；
（7）Field management
According to the growing way of local climate condition, pest and disease damage pests occurrence rule and dendrobium candidum, strengthen the irrigation and drainage in field, apply
Fertilizer, laxative, weeding；
（8）Harvesting
Harvested after dendrobium candidum transplanting the 3rd year, carry out during harvesting and adopt old branch, stay sprouting, in dendrobium candidum branch
Basal part of stem is up cut at 3cm~5cm, in favor of sprouting sprouting.
Preferably, step（2）In turn over to be selected in and carry out in annual October~June in next year, ploughed depth is 15~30cm.
Preferably, step（2）Piled up with plate, cement plate or asbestos shingle on the moisture in the soil side of middle moisture in the soil.
Preferably, step（2）Middle waist furrow width 1m or so, deep 40~50cm, width 60cm or so, a lower width 20cm left sides on dead furrow
It is right.
Preferably, step（5）Medium stone layer material can be crush after lime stone, queen closer, thick river sand, cobblestone or
The stone of half weathering.
Preferably, the metalling is crushed by lime stone and formed.
Preferably, step（6）The clump of middle transplanting is away from for 15cm × 15cm, and every clump is 6~9 plants with seedling amount, planting depth
For 2~3cm.
Preferably, step（5）In acceleration processing can be carried out to new pine bark after crushing as needed, specially use steam
New pine bark is steamed, kills worm's ovum and microorganism.
Preferably, step（2）In sun the earth which has been ploughed up the time as 5~7 days.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that：
（1）The present invention has not only been suitable for plains region and had eased up hillside fields with Extend culture, but also to be suitable for natural ecological environment excellent
Mountain area, hilly country Extend culture.The cultural method influenced by physical features it is smaller, it is adaptable, be adapted to dendrobium candidum manually advise
The popularization of generalized and large-scale planting, the dendrobium candidum produced can meet the needs of market and provide Gao Pin for market
The product of matter, high quality.
（2）The present invention is isolated by non-woven fabrics, pine bark pile fermentation and the weakly alkaline characteristic of lime stone, is effectively reduced
The generation of pest and disease damage in dendrobium candidum planting process, and then the use of fungicide, agrochemical chemicals is effectively reduced, not only
Planting cost effectively reduces, and the quality of dendrobium candidum is also effectively lifted.
Embodiment
The technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described below, it is clear that described embodiment
Only part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, the common skill in this area
Art personnel all other embodiments obtained under the premise of not making the creative labor, belong to the model that the present invention protects
Enclose.
Embodiment：
Tested in Yunnan Province Puer City Simao District Yi Xiang towns, 400 mu of Extend culture area.Start to plant within 2008,
Start to harvest within 2010, continuous harvesting 5 years, 1200 kilograms of the fresh dendrobium candidum of average yield per mu.By fresh dendrobium candidum market in 2010
600 yuan/kilogram of valency calculates, 720,000 yuan of per mu yield value.Specific plantation process is as follows：
（1）Select planting site
Select average temperature of the whole year be more than 16 DEG C, year air average relative humidity be more than 17%, average annual rainfall is more than
It is moister in the area of 1000mm（Soil moisture content is more than 15%）Planting site of the place as dendrobium candidum；
（2）Site preparation
A, turn over：Selection turns over plough in fine day with tractor-ploughing, turns over the upturned soil plowed and is fully exposed to the sun through sunlight, killing part weeds,
Pathogen, subterranean pest-insect and its worm's ovum, untill upturned soil drying is broken；Turn over preferably to be selected in and carry out annual October~June in next year,
Ploughed depth is 15~30cm, and the time of sunning the earth which has been ploughed up is generally 5~7 days in the case of sunlight is sufficient；
B, moisture in the soil bedding is managed：Plough the first furrow as a guideline along the parallel direction of local prevailing wind direction, plough the first furrow as a guideline by wide 6m, the wide 5.4m of moisture surface, moisture in the soil coca evidence
The size of terrain slope is 20~25cm；Moisture surface length is decided according to landform, and about hundred meters or so of moisture surface length opens up waist ditch, as
Main track and main drain；Dead furrow is left between moisture in the soil, as secondary gutter；Waist furrow width 1m or so, deep 40~50cm, it is wide on dead furrow
60cm or so, lower width 20cm or so；To ensure the indeformable landslide in moisture in the soil side of moisture in the soil, can be piled up with plate, cement plate or asbestos shingle；
（3）Build canopy
The trend of dendrobium candidum planting shed covers one layer of vinyl house film parallel to local prevailing wind direction, ceiling, and outside adds again
At least one layer of black nylon sunshade net of lid, it is 20% -30% to adjust canopy iuuminting rate；
（4）The processing of matrix
Primary raw material of the stone as matrix is equipped with using new pine bark, specific processing is as follows：
A, the processing of new pine bark
The pine bark that new purchase comes is ground into the fragment of 2-3cm sizes, by the pine bark after crushing and adequate nutrition liquid
Or the appropriate farm manure mixing after fully decomposed, add suitable quantity of water to stir evenly, seal pile fermentation more than three months, monthly turn over
It is dynamic once uniform to ferment；Pine bark after being crushed by pile fermentation, makes pine bark fermentation fever, produces high temperature to kill
The pest and disease damages such as the bacterium that adheres on pine bark, worm's ovum, while can also make part pine bark rot to produce needed for Growth of Dendrobium candidum
Nutrient.Pine bark is handled by this way, can effectively reduce the use of the chemicals such as insecticide, fungicide, not only cost
It is minimized, not contaminated soil and environment, and dendrobium candidum effectively improves from the pollution of chemicals, quality.
B, the processing of stone
Using lime stone, the rubble of diameter 3-5cm sizes is crushed into, it is stand-by to weed out powder；Lime stone can be faint molten
Form weak base in water, adjust the acid-base balance of the matrix of dendrobium candidum, at the same a small amount of calcium of its dissolving can kill it is thin in soil
Bacterium and worm's ovum, ensure that soil will not produce the disease of large area, the healthy growth of dendrobium candidum are effectively ensured for a long time.
（5）The laying of matrix
Smooth moisture surface after site preparation, moisture surface are laid with layer of non-woven fabric；The rubble crushed is laid with above non-woven fabrics and is shakeout,
Thickness is 10~15cm；Broken pine bark after decomposition reactor system is uniformly layered on above rubble, thickness is 5~10cm；Non-woven fabrics
Have the advantages that gas permeability is strong, using the production of FDA food grade materials is met, without other chemical compositions, performance is stablized, nontoxic,
Free from extraneous odour, will not cause environmental pollution.It can isolate the erosion of bacterium and insects, and the bacterium in soil and insects are isolated from it
Downside, makes bacterium and insects lose new parasitic body or food source and die, avoids the bacterium in soil and insects from entering base
Matter, the long-term cleaning for ensureing matrix, for this reason, pest and disease damage is effectively controlled, is greatly reduced the use of agrochemical chemicals,
The cost reduction not only planted, and the quality of dendrobium candidum is also lifted.
（6）Transplanting
Candidum tissue culturing seedling is transplanted on broken pine tree cortex, is planted completely below matrix with fleshy root after hardening
It is advisable；The clump of transplanting is away from for 15cm × 15cm, and every clump is 6~9 plants with seedling amount, and planting depth is 2~3cm；
（7）Field management
According to the growing way of local climate condition, pest and disease damage pests occurrence rule and dendrobium candidum, strengthen the irrigation and drainage in field, apply
Fertilizer, laxative, weeding；
（8）Harvesting
Harvested after dendrobium candidum transplanting the 3rd year, carry out during harvesting and adopt old branch, stay sprouting, in dendrobium candidum branch
Basal part of stem is up cut at 3cm~5cm, in favor of sprouting sprouting.
In this time plantation experiment, the transplanting survival rate of dendrobium candidum is up to more than 99.5%, in the plantation of whole dendrobium candidum
Harvesting in the cycle, fungicide, use less than general planting the 10% of agrochemical chemicals, effectively reduce dispenser cost,
Pollution of the chemicals to soil and environment is reduced, and then also effectively improves the quality of dendrobium candidum.
In above-described embodiment, in order to reduce the consumption of pine bark, recyclable old pine bark is substituted, to reduce pine bark
Consumption, the processing mode of old pine bark is as follows：
After dendrobium candidum harvesting, old pine bark is recycled, remove the debris such as undesirable root in matrix, weeds, load high-temperature steam
Sterilize pond, seals Chi Ding and is passed through steam from lower to upper；When the pond top layer substrate temperature that sterilizes is up to 80 DEG C, then sterilize 30 minutes
Stopping is passed through steam, and old pine bark sterilizing is completed stand-by；
Obviously, step in above-described embodiment（5）Medium stone layer in addition to lime stone, can also use the brickbat after crushing with material
Block, thick river sand, cobblestone or stone of half weathering etc..
In the actual production process, can be to the new pine bark after crushing if there is an urgent need for carrying out matrix laying using new pine bark
Acceleration processing is carried out, specially steams new pine bark with steam, kills worm's ovum and microorganism.
The present invention not only eased up hillside fields with Extend culture suitable for plains region, but also was suitable for the excellent mountain of natural ecological environment
Area, hilly country Extend culture.The cultural method is influenced smaller, adaptable, the artificial specification of suitable dendrobium candidum by physical features
Change and large-scale planting popularization, the dendrobium candidum produced can meet the needs of market and for market provide high-quality,
The product of high quality.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
With within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on, should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention god.
Claims (4)
1. the standardized cultivation method planted a kind of dendrobium candidum, it is characterised in that：Include the following steps：
（1）Select planting site
Select average temperature of the whole year to be more than 16 DEG C, year air average relative humidity be more than 17%, average annual rainfall is more than 1000mm
Planting site of the moister place as dendrobium candidum in regional；
（2）Site preparation
A, turn over：Selection turns over plough in fine day with tractor-ploughing, turns over the upturned soil plowed and is fully exposed to the sun through sunlight, kills part weeds, cause of disease
Bacterium, subterranean pest-insect and its worm's ovum, untill upturned soil drying is broken；Described turning over is selected in annual October~progress in June in next year,
Ploughed depth is 15~30cm；The time suned the earth which has been ploughed up as 5~7 days；
B, moisture in the soil bedding is managed：Plough the first furrow as a guideline, plough the first furrow as a guideline by wide 6m, the wide 5.4m of moisture surface, moisture in the soil coca is according to landform along the parallel direction of local prevailing wind direction
The size of the gradient is 20~25cm；Moisture surface length is decided according to landform, and hundred meters or so of moisture surface length opens up waist ditch, as main track
And main drain；Dead furrow is left between moisture in the soil, as secondary gutter；Described waist furrow width 1m or so, deep 40~50cm, it is wide on dead furrow
60cm or so, lower width 20cm or so；
（3）Build canopy
For the trend of dendrobium candidum planting shed parallel to local prevailing wind direction, ceiling covers one layer of vinyl house film, outside be capped again to
Few one layer of black nylon sunshade net, it is 20~30% to adjust canopy iuuminting rate；
（4）The processing of matrix
Primary raw material of the stone as matrix is equipped with using new pine bark, specific processing is as follows：
A, the processing of new pine bark
The pine bark that new purchase comes is ground into the fragment of 2~3cm sizes, by the pine bark after crushing and adequate nutrition liquid or suitable
Farm manure mixing of the amount after fully decomposed, adds suitable quantity of water to stir evenly, seals pile fermentation more than three months, monthly stir one
It is secondary uniform to ferment；
B, the processing of stone
Stone is crushed into the rubble for diameter 3~5cm sizes, it is stand-by to weed out powder；
（5）The laying of matrix
Smooth moisture surface after site preparation, moisture surface are laid with layer of non-woven fabric；The rubble crushed is laid with above non-woven fabrics and is shakeout, thickness
For 10~15cm；Broken pine bark after decomposition reactor system is uniformly layered on above rubble, thickness is 5~10cm；
（6）Transplanting
Candidum tissue culturing seedling is transplanted on broken pine tree cortex after hardening, and fleshy root kind completely is below matrix；Transplanting
Clump is away from for 15cm × 15cm, and every clump is 6~9 plants with seedling amount, and planting depth is 2~3cm；
（7）Field management
According to the growing way of local climate condition, pest and disease damage pests occurrence rule and dendrobium candidum, strengthen the irrigation and drainage in field, fertilising,
Laxative, weeding；
（8）Harvesting
Harvested after dendrobium candidum transplanting the 3rd year, carry out during harvesting and adopt old branch, stay sprouting, in dendrobium candidum branch stem foot
Portion is up cut at 3cm~5cm, in favor of sprouting sprouting.
2. the standardized cultivation method planted according to claim 1 dendrobium candidum, it is characterised in that：Step（5）Medium stone
Layer with material be crush after lime stone, queen closer, thick river sand or cobblestone.
3. the standardized cultivation method planted according to claim 2 dendrobium candidum, it is characterised in that：The metalling is by stone
Lime stone is crushed and formed.
4. the standardized cultivation method planted according to claim 1 dendrobium candidum, it is characterised in that：Step（5）Middle basis
Need to carry out acceleration processing to new pine bark after crushing, specially steam new pine bark with steam, kill worm's ovum and microorganism.
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| CN101336589A (en) * | 2008-08-13 | 2009-01-07 | 吴江市苗圃集团有限公司 | Cuttage cultivation method for dendrobium officinale |
| JP2013106600A (en) * | 2011-11-24 | 2013-06-06 | Chuo Green System:Kk | Plant cultivation device, and plant cultivation system |
| CN102845212B (en) * | 2012-10-04 | 2014-04-09 | 周小菁 | High-efficiency interplanting method for momordica grosvenori and dendrobium officinale |
| CN104365457A (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2015-02-25 | 安徽省霍山县五峰山石斛开发有限公司 | Large dendrobium huoshanense seedling planting method |
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