CN115226577B

CN115226577B - Method for adjusting and increasing yield of bird's nest fruit in production period

Info

Publication number: CN115226577B
Application number: CN202211150257.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李向宏; 刘彤; 罗志文; 韩冰; 甘良
Original assignee: Sanya Research Institute Of Hainan Academy Of Agricultural Sciences Hainan Experimental Animal Research Center
Current assignee: Sanya Research Institute Of Hainan Academy Of Agricultural Sciences Hainan Experimental Animal Research Center
Priority date: 2022-09-21
Filing date: 2022-09-21
Publication date: 2023-02-17
Anticipated expiration: 2042-09-21
Also published as: CN115226577A

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for regulating and enhancing the yield period of cubilose fruit, which comprises the steps of fertilizing before blooming, thinning bud before blooming, supplementing light and fertilizing on leaf surfaces: and (3) supplementary pollination: shading treatment, postpartum bud thinning and the like. By adopting comprehensive technical application of light supplement treatment, supplementary pollination, shading treatment, foliar fertilization and the like, the yield and commodity rate of the bird's nest fruits are obviously improved, so that the economic benefit is improved; the light supplementing facility used by the method has a simple structure, is convenient and easy to operate, and is durable in use; through the methods of agriculture and physical force, the method adjusts the production period, increases the soil fertility, increases the plant nutrition and tree vigor, improves the disease resistance of the tree body, saves fertilizer and medicine, protects the environment and ecology, and realizes quality improvement and efficiency improvement.

Description

Method for adjusting and enhancing fruit producing period of cubilose

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of cubilose fruit production, in particular to a method for adjusting and synergizing the production period of cubilose fruit.

Background

Bird's nest fruit (Latin name: hylocereus megalanthus) is Cactaceae family snake flagellum or Mecanula, and native place is Columbia and Ecuador in mid-America tropical region. The bird's nest fruit is mature for a long time, generally needs 100-130 days, the seeds are larger and fewer than dragon fruits, the seeds are wrapped with a layer of colloid, the pulp is semitransparent, the taste is fine and smooth, the soluble solid content of the fruits is 17% -22%, the bird's nest fruit is rich in vitamins, dietary fibers, carotene, carbohydrates, crude fat, fructose, glucose, iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc and other mineral elements, a small amount of plant protein and anthocyanin, the edible rate is about 70%, and the bird's nest fruit serving as a tropical special fruit is deeply loved by consumers.

Bird's nest fruit is a typical characteristic tropical fruit and has long been imported abroad. The introduction of the test seeds is suitable for planting in tropical and tropical areas of south Asia in China from 2015 in China, and the large-scale planting is started after 2019 in China and mainly distributed in the production areas of pitaya, such as Hainan, guangxi, guangdong and the like. The bird's nest fruit is cold-resistant and heat-resistant compared with the dragon fruit, and the bird's nest fruit naturally blooms mainly in two cool seasons of spring and autumn, and little or no flower in low-temperature seasons of winter and high-temperature seasons of summer.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome at least part of defects in the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides a method for adjusting and increasing the production period of the bird's nest fruit, which is convenient to operate and can obviously improve the yield and commodity rate of the bird's nest fruit.

The invention relates to a method for adjusting and enhancing the production period of cubilose fruit, which comprises the following steps:

s1, fertilizing before flowering: selecting an orchard planted with bird's nest normally produced for more than one year, applying 1.5 t of decomposed organic fertilizer and 150 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer per mu in the last 9-month ten days, and using the organic fertilizer as a long-acting fertilizer to increase tree nutrition storage for winter fruit production; and supplementing the multi-element water-soluble fertilizer for 2 times every other two weeks before supplementing light, and taking the multi-element water-soluble fertilizer as a quick-acting fertilizer to make nutrient storage for a large amount of flowering nutrient consumption.

S2, bud thinning before flower forcing: in the last ten days of 10 months, naturally-growing flowers or flower buds of each stem are thinned, so that the nutrient consumption is reduced, and the nutrient reserve is accumulated;

s3, light supplement: the flower supplementing and forcing are carried out in batches from 10 months to 4 months in the next year, a light supplementing lamp in the light supplementing facility is turned on to supplement light from the sunset in the evening every day, the light supplementing time is 2-4 hours until the light supplementing is stopped when a flower bud appears, and the light supplementing time is 25-30 days;

s4, foliar fertilization: when the flower buds of the bird's nest fruit sprouts are more than 50 percent and the diameters of the flower buds grow to the size of the buttons, spraying foliar fertilizer on the bird's nest fruit stems for 2 times at intervals of 7-10 days;

s5, supplementary pollination: the late night when the bird's nest fruit flower blooms 21:00 to 4 in the morning of the second day: artificial supplementary pollination is carried out before 00;

s6, shading treatment: shading with shading net 2 m wide and 75% hiding degree on the steel wire above each row of the bird's nest fruit to prevent sunburn, and connecting and leveling every two adjacent shading nets with ropes;

s7, postpartum bud thinning: only 1-2 buds are left in the same batch of each stem, or when the fruit grows to be 3-4cm in diameter, 2 batches of buds are uniformly thinned, the auxiliary culture branches account for 60% of the bearing branches and no bearing branches are left, so that preparation is made for the next batch of flowering and fruiting.

Furthermore, the light supplementing facility comprises an upright post, a pull wire, a cable and a light supplementing lamp, wherein the upright post is positioned in the middle of the planting row at an interval of 10 m, and the part of the upright post, which is 2 m higher than the ground, is positioned;

the pull wire is connected with the stand column in a crisscross way by a steel wire with the specification of 2 mm and pulls a steel wire in the middle of two rows of cubilose nuts; the cable is 1.0 mm2 cable conductor, the light filling lamp is the LED plant light filling lamp of specification 15W, and adjacent light filling lamp interval is 1.8 m, and cable and light filling lamp are hung on the middle steel wire of two lines of edible bird's nest fruit, and apart from edible bird's nest fruit stem distance 1.5-1.8 m, 2.2 meters from ground.

Furthermore, the stay wire fixes and penetrates the steel wire at the top end of the cement column, the steel wire is longitudinally and transversely pulled into a grid shape, another steel wire is pulled in the middle of two rows of cubilose fruits along the row direction, two ends of the steel wire are fixed on the peripheral steel wires, and the cable wire and the bulb are hung on the stay wire.

Further, the foliar fertilizer comprises monopotassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, calcium superphosphate and boric acid, wherein the ratio of the monopotassium phosphate, the magnesium sulfate, the calcium superphosphate and the boric acid is 1.5:0.5:0.5:0.1 percent of foliar fertilizer concentration is 0.5 percent.

Furthermore, the bird's nest fruit variety is' Ecuador bird 'nest fruit', the planting density is 1200 plants/mu, 6 stems are remained in each plant, the stem density is 7200 strips/mu, and the plant height is 120-140cm.

Further, the supplementary pollination comprises collecting pollen in jars when the flowers are open, 21:00 to 4 in the morning of the second day: before 00, pollen is dipped by a brush pen and respectively administered to the female stamen heads of the flowers.

Furthermore, the distance from the light supplementing lamp to the cubilose fruit stem is adjusted according to the terrain and the height of the ridge.

Furthermore, the light supplement time of the light supplement lamp is adjusted according to seasons and weather, and light supplement is carried out for 2 hours in 9-10 months or 3-4 parts, for example, light supplement is carried out for 3 hours in cloudy days; supplement light for 3 hours in 11-2 months, such as supplement light for 4 hours in cloudy days.

Furthermore, a transverse penetrating hole is formed in the position, 5cm away from the top of the column, of the top end of the column, and the stay wire steel wire is fixed to the top end of the column through an iron wire.

The invention has the advantages that: by adopting comprehensive technical application of light supplement treatment, supplementary pollination, shading treatment, foliar fertilization and the like, the yield and commodity rate of the bird's nest fruits are obviously improved, so that the economic benefit is improved; the light supplementing facility used by the method has a simple structure, is convenient and easy to operate, and is durable in use; through the methods of agriculture and physical force, the method adjusts the production period, increases the soil fertility, increases the plant nutrition and tree vigor, improves the disease resistance of the tree body, saves fertilizer and medicine, protects the environment and ecology, and realizes quality improvement and efficiency improvement.

In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a graph comparing the production of bird's nest fruit in examples and comparative examples.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1:

a method for adjusting and enhancing the production period of cubilose fruit comprises the following steps:

s1, fertilizing before flowering: selecting an orchard planted with edible bird's nest normally produced for more than one year, applying 1.5 t of decomposed organic fertilizer and 150 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer per mu in the last 9 th of months, and using the decomposed organic fertilizer and the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer as long-acting fertilizers to increase tree nutrition reserves for winter fruit production; and (3) supplementing the multielement water-soluble fertilizer (the fish protein or bean protein organic matter is more than 50 percent of biological organic liquid fertilizer which is diluted according to the application specification and sprayed on the surface of the ridge in 1000 ml per plant) for 2 times at intervals of one week before supplementing light, and taking the multielement water-soluble fertilizer as a quick-acting fertilizer to provide nutrient reserve for large-amount flowering nutrient consumption.

s3, light supplement: the light supplementing is carried out in batches from 10 months to 4 months in the next year, a light supplementing lamp in the light supplementing facility is turned on to supplement light every day when the sun falls in the evening, the light supplementing time is 2-4 hours until the light supplementing stops until buds are seen, and the light supplementing time is 25-30 days;

s4, foliar fertilization: when the flower buds of the bird's nest fruit sprouts are larger than 50% and the diameters of the flower buds grow to the size of the buttons, spraying foliar fertilizer on the bird's nest fruit stems for 2 times at intervals of 7 days;

s6, postpartum bud thinning: only 1-2 buds are left in the same batch of each stem, or when the fruit grows to be 3-4cm in diameter, 2 batches of buds are thinned uniformly, the auxiliary culture branches account for 60% of the bearing branches and no bearing branches are left, so that preparation is made for the next batch of flowering and fruiting.

In the above embodiment, the light supplement facility includes a column, a pull wire, a cable and a light supplement lamp, the column is located in the middle of the planting row, the distance is 10 m, and the column is 2 m higher than the ground;

the pull wire is connected with the stand column in a crisscross way by a steel wire with the specification of 2 mm and pulls a steel wire in the middle of two rows of cubilose nuts; the cable is 1.0 mm2 cable conductor, the light filling lamp is the LED plant light filling lamp of specification 15W, and adjacent light filling lamp interval is 1.8 m, and cable and light filling lamp are hung on the middle steel wire of two lines of edible bird's nest fruit, apart from edible bird's nest fruit stem distance 1.5 m, apart from ground 2.2 meters.

In the above embodiment, the pull wire is formed by fixing and penetrating steel wires at the top end of the cement column, drawing the steel wires vertically and horizontally into a grid shape, drawing one steel wire in the row direction in the middle of two rows of cubilose fruit, fixing two ends of the steel wire on the peripheral steel wire, and hanging the cable and the bulb on the pull wire.

In the above embodiment, the foliar fertilizer comprises monopotassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, calcium superphosphate and boric acid, and the ratio of the monopotassium phosphate, the magnesium sulfate, the calcium superphosphate and the boric acid is 1.5:0.5:0.5:0.1 percent of foliar fertilizer concentration is 0.5 percent.

In the above examples, the bird's nest fruit variety is "Ecuador bird's nest fruit", the planting density is 1200 plants/mu, each plant leaves 6 stems, the stem density is 7200 stems/mu, and the plant height is 140cm.

In the above example, the supplementary pollination comprises collecting pollen in a jar when the flower is open, 21:00 to 4 in the morning of the second day: before 00, pollen is dipped by a brush and respectively administered to the female stamen heads of the flowers, or the male stamen pollen is brushed by a brush and smeared on the female stamen heads.

In the above embodiment, the distance from the light supplement lamp to the cubilose fruit stem is adjusted according to the terrain and the height of the ridge.

In the above embodiment, the light supplement time of the light supplement lamp is adjusted according to seasons and weather, and the light supplement is performed for 2 hours in 9-10 months or 3-4 parts, for example, the light supplement is performed for 3 hours in cloudy days; supplement light for 3 hours in 11-2 months, such as supplement light for 4 hours in cloudy days.

In the above embodiment, a transverse through hole is formed at the top end of the upright post 5cm away from the top of the upright post, and the stay wire steel wire is fixed at the top end of the upright post by an iron wire.

Example 2:

the main technical scheme is the same as that of the embodiment 1, except that the bird's nest fruit plants are not subjected to light supplement treatment.

Example 3:

the main technical scheme is the same as that of the embodiment 1, except that in the embodiment, the light supplement treatment and the auxiliary pollination are not carried out on the bird's nest fruit plants.

Example 4:

the main technical scheme is the same as that of the embodiment 1, except that in the embodiment, the light supplement treatment, the auxiliary pollination treatment and the shading treatment are not carried out on the bird's nest fruit plants.

Example 5:

the main technical solution is the same as that of example 1, except that in this example, the bird's nest fruit plants were not foliar-fertilized.

Comparative example 1:

the main technical scheme is the same as that of the embodiment 1, except that in the embodiment, the light supplementing treatment, the auxiliary pollination, the shading treatment and the foliar fertilization are not carried out on the bird's nest fruit plants.

Comparative example 2:

the main technical scheme is the same as that of the embodiment 1, except that in the embodiment, the light supplement treatment, the shading treatment and the foliar fertilization are not carried out on the bird's nest fruit plants.

350 bird's nest fruit plants in the same bird's nest fruit plantation are randomly extracted, then 7 bird's nest fruit plants of 350 are randomly distributed into 7 parts, each part comprises 50 plants, then 7 parts of bird's nest fruit plants are respectively treated according to the methods in example 1-example 5, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2, observation is carried out in the process, then fruit setting rate and yield statistics are carried out in the harvesting period, and the statistical results (small points are not reserved) are shown in figure 1.

Referring to fig. 1, light supplement can be performed between 10 months and 4 months in the next year after flower promotion, and buds can be seen in 25-30 days of light supplement, so that the delivery period is adjusted; but the natural production can only bloom from 6 months to 9 months, and the fruits are on the market in 2 months and 10 months. In the embodiment without light supplement, fruits are intensively ripe in the second 2 months of the last 9 months; the fruits naturally bloom in the current 6 months, and the fruits are intensively ripe in the middle 9 months, so that the commodity rate is low. And a small amount of flowers are continuously bloomed in 7-8 months.

In the examples where the bird's nest fruit plants were not shaded, it was found that sunburn, tree vigor weakening, fruit burning, deterioration in the quality of the bird's nest fruit, and reduction in the commodity rate were caused.

Referring to comparative example 1 and comparative example 2, the self-pollination seed ratio is low, the fruit drop is large, and the yield is low. After the auxiliary pollination is adopted, the fruit setting rate in the planting process of the bird's nest fruit can be obviously improved.

Referring to examples 4 and 5, the absence of fertilization at the appropriate time points affects the final yield of the bird's nest fruit.

The statistical results of the embodiment 1-the embodiment 5 and the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2 show that the fruit setting rate of the bird's nest fruit can be obviously improved through auxiliary pollination, and the yield of the bird's nest fruit can be further improved by combining light supplement treatment, shading treatment and foliar fertilization, so that the defects of low yield and low commercialization of the bird's nest fruit in the prior art are overcome.

The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying specific embodiments in the invention, and the description of the embodiments is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for adjusting and enhancing the production period of cubilose fruit is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, fertilizing before flowering: selecting an orchard planted with edible bird's nest normally produced for more than one year, applying 1.5 t of decomposed organic fertilizer and 150 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer per mu in the last 9 th of months, and using the decomposed organic fertilizer and the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer as long-acting fertilizers to increase tree nutrition reserves for winter fruit production; supplementing 2 times of multi-element water-soluble fertilizer for two weeks before supplementing light, and taking the multi-element water-soluble fertilizer as a quick-acting fertilizer to make nutrient reserve for a large amount of flowering nutrient consumption;

s4, foliar fertilization: when the bud of the bird's nest fruit bud is more than 50% and the diameter of the bud grows to the size of the button, spraying foliar fertilizer on the bird's nest fruit stem for 2 times at intervals of 7-10 days;

s6, shading treatment: shading the upper steel wire of each row of the bird's nest fruits by shading nets with the width of 2 meters and the hiding degree of 75 percent to prevent sunburn, and connecting and leveling every two adjacent shading nets by ropes;

s7, combing buds after delivery: only 1-2 buds are reserved on each stem in the same batch, or when the fruit grows to be 3-4cm in diameter, 2 batches of buds are thinned uniformly, the auxiliary culture branches account for about 60% of the bearing branches and no bearing branches are reserved, so that preparation is made for the next batch of flowering and fruiting;

the foliar fertilizer comprises monopotassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, calcium superphosphate and boric acid, wherein the proportion of the monopotassium phosphate, the magnesium sulfate, the calcium superphosphate and the boric acid is 1.5:0.5:0.5:0.1, the concentration of the foliar fertilizer is 0.5 percent;

the bird's nest fruit variety is' Erguaduoer bird 'nest fruit', the planting density is 1200 plants/mu, each plant leaves 6 stems, the stem density is 7200 stems/mu, and the plant height is 120-140cm;

the light supplement time of the light supplement lamp is adjusted according to seasons and weather, and light supplement is carried out for 2 hours in 9-10 months or 3-4 parts, for example, light supplement is carried out for 3 hours in cloudy days; supplement light for 3 hours in 11-2 months, such as supplement light for 4 hours in cloudy days.

2. The method for regulating and enhancing the production period of cubilose fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that: the light supplementing facility comprises an upright post, a pull wire, a cable and a light supplementing lamp, wherein the upright post is positioned in the middle of the planting row at an interval of 10 m, and the part of the upright post, which is 2 m higher than the ground, is positioned;

3. The method for adjusting and enhancing the production period of cubilose fruit according to claim 2, wherein: the pull wire is characterized in that steel wires are fixed at the top end of the cement column and penetrate through the cement column, the steel wires are pulled vertically and horizontally into a grid shape, one steel wire is pulled along the row direction in the middle of two rows of cubilose fruit, two ends of the steel wire are fixed on the peripheral steel wires, and the cable and the bulb are hung on the pull wire.

4. The method for adjusting and enhancing the production period of cubilose fruit according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the supplementary pollination comprises the steps of collecting pollen in a wide-mouth bottle when a flower is opened, and 21:00 to 4 in the morning of the second day: before 00, pollen is dipped by a brush pen and respectively administered to the female stamen heads of the flowers.

5. The method for adjusting and enhancing the production period of cubilose fruit according to claim 2, wherein: and the distance from the light supplementing lamp to the cubilose fruit stem is adjusted according to the terrain and the height of the ridge.

6. The method for adjusting and enhancing the production period of cubilose fruit according to claim 2, wherein: and a transverse penetrating hole is formed at the position 5cm away from the top end of the upright post, and the stay wire steel wire is fixed at the top end of the upright post by using an iron wire.