CN107371940A - A kind of method for planting of soil burial winter protection area Kiwi berry - Google Patents
A kind of method for planting of soil burial winter protection area Kiwi berry Download PDFInfo
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- CN107371940A CN107371940A CN201710451483.0A CN201710451483A CN107371940A CN 107371940 A CN107371940 A CN 107371940A CN 201710451483 A CN201710451483 A CN 201710451483A CN 107371940 A CN107371940 A CN 107371940A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/04—Supports for hops, vines, or trees
- A01G17/10—Holders for boughs or branches
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for planting of soil burial winter protection area Kiwi berry, comprise the following steps：1）It is colonized pre-treatment；2）Annual Kiwi berry Planting management；3）Biennial Kiwi berry Planting management；4）3 years raw above Kiwi berry Planting managements.Beneficial effects of the present invention are：A kind of method for planting of soil burial winter protection area Kiwi berry provided by the invention, its duplicate rows used, crawl ' V+1 ' tree-like planting type Kiwifruit Culture manage during it is simple to operate, technical requirements are extremely low, the amount of labour used is few, even semi-mechanization management can be realized in some links, beneficial to burying native operation, suitable soil burial winter protection area greenhouse or land cultivation, it can get bumper crops year after year, biennial bearing problem is not had, Kiwi berry simplification, abridged edition, high-quality, efficient production can be achieved, to exempt from soil burial winter protection area specular removal, Labor-saving tree structure wavelet provides reference.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to planting fruit trees technical field, and in particular to a kind of method for planting of soil burial winter protection area Kiwi berry.
Background technology
Kiwi berry（Scientific name：Actinidia chinensis Planch）, fruit shape is generally ellipticity, and early stage outward appearance is in green
Brown, be in bronzing after ripe, and epidermis covers dense fine hair, edible, be in it be in bright green pulp and row's black or
The red seed of person.The soft texture of Kiwi berry, sweet mouthfeel, its remove containing actinidine, proteolytic enzyme, tannin pectin and
Outside the organic matters such as carbohydrate, and the trace element such as calcium, potassium, selenium, zinc, germanium and 17 kinds of amino acid of needed by human body, also contain what is enriched
Vitamin C, grape acid, fructose, citric acid, malic acid, fat.
In Hunan China province Xiangxi Region, the Shaanxi of Qinling North-Mountain is that Chinese Rhesus Monkeys peach resource is most abundant in Kiwi berry original producton location
Area, the history of artificial cultivation among the people was up to more than 1,000 years.
But in its existing planting process, there is more defect, such as：
1st, domestic, external prior art can not bury soil in soil burial winter protection area and survive the winter；
2nd, domestic, external prior art, which transplants annual little tree, to reach high yield in the 3rd year；
3rd, domestic existing pergola system method complex operation, recruitment in summer and autumn trimming is more.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention aiming at it is above-mentioned in the prior art the defects of, there is provided a kind of suitable northern soil burial winter protection
Area's Kiwi berry has " duplicate rows ", " crawling ", the method for planting of " ' V+1 ' is tree-like " feature.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme provided by the invention is：A kind of plant of soil burial winter protection area Kiwi berry
Method, comprise the following steps：
1）It is colonized pre-treatment：
" V+1 " shape is set to transplant frame, specific method is：During furrow planting or ridge plant, row is set to for south-north direction, two supporters
Spacing is 5-10 rice, and the high 1.8-5 rice of aerial part, line-spacing is 3-6 rice；From ground upwardly at 0-1.5 rice, with row to parallel side
To in the both sides of supporter, respectively a piece steel wire of setting, every side steel wire are respectively used for bondage a line Kiwi berry tree body；Away from first of steel
Silk is upwards at 0.1-1.5 rice, and with row to parallel direction, supporter is connected with steel wire two-by-two, at the same each supporter this
Position sets the cross bar one of 0.1-1.5 rice, and the both sides of every cross bar are connected with steel wire, and three are provided with altogether in this plane
Steel wire, middle steel wire are used for the bondage not branch of result row or few result row actinidia tree, and the steel wire of both sides is more for bondage
As a result the branch of row actinidia tree；At the upward 0.1-1.5 rice of second steel wire, with row to parallel direction, supporter is used two-by-two
Steel wire connects, while sets the cross bar one of 0.5-2.5 rice, the both sides steel wire of every cross bar in this position of each supporter
It is connected, three steel wires is also equipped with this plane, middle steel wire is used for bondage not result row or few result row Kiwi berry
The branch of tree, the steel wire of both sides are used for the branch of the more result row actinidia trees of bondage；
2）Annual Kiwi berry Planting management：
Basal dressing process is that mu applies decomposed manure 3-10 side, two 20 kilograms of ammoniums and middle micro- 2 kilograms；In each planting pit
Bottom is put into 1-3 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, 1 kilogram of potassium sulfate to improve soil acidity.Simultaneously to Kiwi berry tree body supplement phosphorus, potassium,
Calcareous fertilisers；Plant the month in beginning of spring 3-4 and plant seedling the 1-2 months in seedling or greenhouse, during field planting supporter row to left and right side respectively transplant a line macaque
The angle on peach, actinidia tree and ground is 45 degree, the spacing of two row actinidia trees is 20-100 centimetres, often row actinidia tree
Spacing in the rows is 0.5-4 rice, and often row pollinizers proportioning is 1:（5-10）, surface planting when planting seedling, soil buried 0-10 centimetres of root and no more than transferring
Interface；Drip irrigation facilities one are set among two row Kiwi berry tree bodies, and often the outside of row actinidia tree sets drip irrigation facilities one
Root, drip irrigation facilities are apart from 30 centimetres of Kiwi berry tree body；Plant and poured once on the day of seedling permeable, watering in 3-5 days has been crossed once, after the second water
Pour once within 10 days it is permeable after, to being ploughed deeply once around Kiwi berry tree body；Hereafter every water of 15-25 days drip irrigations and every time
To being ploughed deeply once around Kiwi berry tree body after drip irrigation, during more than 10 degree of average daily temperature, every mu adds nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio per water
Example is 1:1:13 kilograms of balance fertilizer drip irrigation fertilizer, stop pouring water by the end of August, every 10 days nitrogen, the phosphoric acid for spraying 3 ‰ after May
Potassium dihydrogen and middle microelement foliage fertilizer once, while additionally supplement iron fertilizer, the mid or late September tree body foliage-spray strong to growing way
Once, mid or late October drop winter irrigation is permeable once by PBO；
Mid or late April touches bud, and 2-5 bud is left and taken upwards close to root, and the branch of the bud nearest from root hair is used as preparation innovation shoot,
Bud more than the first layer steel wire of ground is erased；Early or mid May, the branch that the bud left and taken is sprouted tilt 45 degree of tractions with the rope made of hemp
Restocking, preparation innovation shoot take the method for multiple pinching to suppress its growth, extend branch diatance from the ground more than first layer steel wire, long extremely
Pinching at 1.6 meters, the every 30 centimetres of pinching repeatedly of branch of top hair, the side shoot in addition to top stay the pinching repeatedly of 3 leaves；By the end of August
To September at the beginning, two row Kiwi berrys extension branch is strapped on the corresponding steel wire nearest apart from ground；Winter in October cuts, and preparation is more
Shoot stays 2-5 buds are short to cut, and extends secateurs and is no more than 1.5 meters to maturation section position and more than the first layer steel wire of ground；After winter cuts
Full garden sprays 3-5 degree lime sulfurs；
By the end of October at the beginning of 11 months, Kiwi berry tree body is buried in the earth, colour bar cloth was covered on the Kiwi berry for burying soil, finally in coloured silk
30 centimetres of earthing on bar cloth；
3）Biennial Kiwi berry Planting management：
By the end of March at the beginning of 4 months, Kiwi berry is unearthed behind clear garden, and left side actinidia tree is strapped in the first layer steel nearest apart from ground
The left side of silk, right side actinidia tree are strapped in the right side of first layer steel wire nearest from the ground；To both sides after the completion of restocking work
Kiwi berry surface soil is ploughed deeply one time, and pellucidly film is laid in drip irrigation facilities, for increasing ground temperature, promotes Kiwi berry tree body to sprout
Bud grows；
Mid or late April to early or mid May, two row actinidia tree ground of erasing are to the bud between first of steel wire, left side Kiwi berry
The fruitful branch of tree body stays one per 15-25 centimetres, at the same the cross bar two of the right bondage of a first from left on a support away from ground
On upward second and third layer of steel wire, from the side, the fruit-bearing shoot cluster of left row result actinidia tree is " V "-shaped, right side Kiwi berry
The annotinous branch of tree body stays one per 15-50 centimetres, tilt the traction of 0-45 degree be strapped between supporter away from ground upwardly
Second and third steel wire on, from the side, the annual shoot group of right side row preliminary result row Kiwi berry is in " 1 " font；During the florescence,
The flower opened left row Kiwi berry fruitful branch carries out artificial pollination, and right side row Kiwi berry is not pollinated；Fruit initial stage after bearing fruit,
Remove the malformed fruit on left row Kiwi berry fruitful branch, fruitlet, excessive fruit, hinder fruit and disease fruit, right side row Kiwi berry annual shoot
Fruit on bar all removes, and the strong branch of growth potential leaves and takes 1-2 fruit to slow down branch growing way；By the end of August at the beginning of September, by preparation
As a result the annotinous branch of row Kiwi berry tilt 0 degree to 30 degree angle be strapped between supporter away from ground give birth to upwardly first,
On two steel wires；It is annual that the short tip or pole short cane pruning, right side row Kiwi berry are carried out when winter cuts to left row Kiwi berry fruitful branch
Branch cuts below ripe section position 10 centimetres, and more than the first layer steel wire nearest apart from ground is no more than 4 meters；Left and right sides row
The preparation innovation shoot management nearby of Kiwi berry root and cold-proof and step 2 of surviving the winter）Annual Kiwi berry Planting management is identical；
Water and fertilizer management：Management method of dripping is with reference to step 2）Annual Kiwi berry Planting management；It is high nitrogen that rudiment is fertile after being unearthed, low
Phosphorus, low potassium composite drip-irrigation fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio are 1：0.3：0.3, mu drip irrigation purity nitrogen, phosphorus, 10 kilograms of potash fertilizer；Every 5 before spending
Its foliage-spray B, K fertilizer are twice；Once, the florescence utilizes micro- spraying equipment to the Kiwi berry tree body foliage-spray PBO strong to growing way before spending
Control air humidity；Rear fruit expanding period is spent to impose high nitrogen, high phosphorus, middle potassium composite drip-irrigation fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio are 0.8:1:
0.5, mu drip irrigation purity nitrogen, phosphorus, 15 kilograms of potash fertilizer；Fruit maturation imposes low nitrogen, low-phosphorous, high potassium composite drip-irrigation fertilizer initial stage, nitrogen, phosphorus,
Potassium ratio is 0.3:0.3:1, mu drip irrigation purity nitrogen, phosphorus, 30 kilograms of potash fertilizer；Foliar fertilizer is with reference to step 2 after bearing fruit）Annual Kiwi berry
Tree body management；Basal dressing after fruit picking：Mu applies decomposed manure 2-10 side, 30 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, two 20 kilograms of ammoniums and in it is micro
2 kilograms of element；
4）3 years raw above Kiwi berry Planting managements：
By the end of March at the beginning of 4 months, Kiwi berry is unearthed behind clear garden, and left side actinidia tree is strapped in first layer steel wire nearest from the ground
Left side, now left row actinidia tree is preliminary result tree；Right side actinidia tree is strapped in first layer steel nearest from the ground
The right side of silk, right side row Kiwi berry is bearing-age tree；The first from left of fruit-bearing shoot cluster one right side of right side Kiwi berry tree body is strapped in supporter
On away from ground upwardly on the steel wire at second and third cross bar two, i.e. fruitful branch to the inverted U-shaped bondage of projected length, and lopwood spacing
30-50 centimetres, from the side, as a result the fruit-bearing shoot cluster of row Kiwi berry is " V "-shaped, the annotinous branch of left side Kiwi berry tree body
Tilt the traction of 0-45 degree be strapped between supporter away from ground second and third steel wire upwardly, from the side, preliminary result row
The annual shoot group of Kiwi berry is in " 1 " font；
Water and fertilizer management, trimming management, cold-proof management of surviving the winter are with reference to step 2）Annual Kiwi berry management and step 3）2 years
Raw Kiwi berry management.
Further, the method for planting of above-mentioned a kind of soil burial winter protection area Kiwi berry, above support is cement pole.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：A kind of method for planting of soil burial winter protection area Kiwi berry provided by the invention, it is adopted
Duplicate rows, crawl ' V+1 ' tree-like planting type Kiwifruit Culture manage during it is simple to operate, technical requirements are extremely low,
The amount of labour used is few, or even can realize semi-mechanization management in some links, beneficial to burying native operation, suitable soil burial winter protection area greenhouse or land
Ground is cultivated, and can year after year be got bumper crops, not had biennial bearing problem, Kiwi berry simplification, abridged edition, high-quality, efficient production can be achieved, to exempt from
Soil burial winter protection area specular removal, Labor-saving tree structure wavelet provide reference.
Brief description of the drawings：
Fig. 1 is shown as the stereogram of " V+1 " shape plant frame provided by the invention.
Fig. 2 is shown as the front view of " V+1 " shape plant frame of the invention.
Wherein,
（1）, the left side plant row, spacing in the rows 0.5m-4m；
（2）, the right plant row, spacing in the rows 1m-4m,（1）（2）Spacing 20cm-100cm；
（3）, from ground upwardly at 0-1.5m, cross bar is set or is not provided with cross bar, concrete column both sides respectively set one, steel wire；
（4）, distance（3）Cross bar is set at 10cm-150cm；
（5）, concrete column（3）The left side steel wire at place, for bondage（1）Row actinidia tree is always climing；
（6）, concrete column（3）The right side steel wire at place, for bondage（2）Row actinidia tree is always climing；
（7）, concrete column（4）Place left side steel wire is used for bondage Kiwi berry fruitful branch；
（8）, concrete column（4）Place right side steel wire is used for bondage Kiwi berry fruitful branch；
（9）, distance（4）Cross bar is set at 10cm-150cm；
（10）、（9）Locate steel wire on the left of cross bar, for bondage fruitful branch；
（11）、（9）Locate steel wire on the right side of cross bar, for bondage fruitful branch；
（12）、（4）Place is parallel to capable to the steel wire between concrete column two-by-two；
（13）、（9）Place is parallel to capable to the steel wire between concrete column two-by-two；
（14）, Kiwi berry " V+1 " it is tree-like in " V " font fruitful branch；
（15）, Kiwi berry " V+1 " it is tree-like in " 1 " font coming year fruitful branch.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1：
First, worked before field planting：
Furrow planting or ridge plant.Row to the spacing for supporters such as south-north direction, cement poles be 5-10 rice, the high 1.8-5 rice of aerial part,
Line-spacing is 3-6 rice.
From ground upwardly at 0-1.5 rice, cross bar is set or is not provided with cross bar in the both sides of the supporters such as cement pole or cross bar
It is each that one, steel wire is set, respectively it is used for bondage a line Kiwi berry tree body per side steel wire；
The upward 0.1-1.5 meter Chu of first of steel wire of distance are with row to parallel, and supporter steel wire such as cement pole etc. is connected two-by-two,
The supporter such as each cement pole here sets the cross bar one of 0.1-1.5 rice, the both sides steel wire phase of every cross bar simultaneously
Even, three steel wires are shared in this plane, middle steel wire is used for the bondage not branch of result or few result row actinidia tree,
The steel wire of both sides is used for the branch of bondage result actinidia tree；
Away from the ground, the upward 0.1-1.5 meter Chu of one of steel wire are with capable to parallel, and supporter steel wire such as cement pole etc. is connected two-by-two,
The supporter such as each cement pole here sets the cross bar one of 0.5-2.5 rice, the both sides steel wire phase of every cross bar simultaneously
Even, the steel wires of Ye You tri- in this plane, middle steel wire are used for the bondage not branch of result or few result row actinidia tree,
The steel wire of both sides is used for the branch of bondage result actinidia tree, as shown in Figure 1.
2nd, annual Kiwi berry management：
Basal dressing：Mu applies decomposed manure 3-10 side, two 20 kilograms of ammoniums or so and middle micro- 2 kilograms or so（Finished product is mixed
Match somebody with somebody）；1-3 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, 1 kilogram or so potassium sulfate are put into each planting pit bottom to improve soil acidity and to macaque
Peach body supplement phosphorus, potassium, calcareous fertilisers.
Plant the month in beginning of spring 3-4 and the 1-2 months in seedling or greenhouse plant seedling, exemplified by now greenhouse plants seedling by the month in beginning of spring 3-4.In cement during field planting
The supporter such as bar row to left and right side respectively transplant a line actinidia tree, the angle on actinidia tree and ground is 45 degree or so, two rows
The spacing of actinidia tree is 20-100 centimetres, and often the spacing in the rows of row actinidia tree is 0.5-4 rice (to ensure that annotinous branch reaches into
Ripe length, soil burial winter protection area spacing in the rows 0.5-0.8M are advisable), often row pollinizers proportioning is 1:5-10, surface planting when planting seedling, soil buried root
0-10 centimetres and it is no more than graft union.
Drip irrigation facilities one are set among two row Kiwi berry tree bodies, and often the outside of row actinidia tree sets drip irrigation facilities
One, drip irrigation facilities are apart from the cm of Kiwi berry tree body 30；Plant and poured once on the day of seedling permeable, crossed watering in 3-5 days once, the
Pour once within 10 days or so after two water it is permeable after to being ploughed deeply once around Kiwi berry tree body；It is every thereafter according to Soil Moisture
To being ploughed deeply once around Kiwi berry tree body after water of 15-25 days or so drip irrigations and each drip irrigation, 10 degree of average daily temperature
Every mu is 1 with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio per water during the above:1:1 each 3 kilograms or so of balance fertilizer drip irrigation fertilizer（Not chloride ion-containing）, there is bar
Part can add the together drip irrigation such as humic acid, stop pouring water by the end of August.May and spray 3/1000ths within every 10 days or so later
Nitrogen, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the middle microelement foliage fertilizer that has matched once, while can additionally supplement iron fertilizer.Mid or late September is to length
The strong tree body foliage-spray PBO of gesture is once.Mid or late October drop winter irrigation is permeable once.
Mid or late April touches bud, and 2-5 bud is left and taken upwards close to root, and the branch of the bud nearest from root hair is used as preparation more
Shoot, the bud more than the first layer steel wire of ground are erased as far as possible；Early or mid May, the branch that the bud left and taken is sprouted are inclined with the rope made of hemp
The methods of oblique 45 degree are drawn restocking, and preparation innovation shoot takes multiple pinching prolongs suppression, and its grows, and extends branch diatance first layer from the ground
More than steel wire grow to pinching at 1.6 meters or so, the every 30 cm pinching repeatedly of branch of top hair, the side shoot in addition to top
Stay 3 leaves or so pinching repeatedly；Two row Kiwi berrys extension branch at the beginning, is strapped in the corresponding steel wire nearest apart from ground by September by the end of August
On；Winter in October cuts, and preparation innovation shoot stays 2-5 buds are short to cut, extend secateurs to it is ripe save position and apart from ground first layer steel wire with
It is upper to be no more than 1.5 meters；Dong Jianhouquan gardens spray 3-5 degree lime sulfurs.
At the beginning of 11 months by the end of October, Kiwi berry tree body is buried in the earth, colour bar cloth is covered on the Kiwi berry for burying soil, finally exists
The cm of earthing 30 on colour bar cloth, the method are similar with Xinjiang grape soil burial winter protection method；The bad greenhouse of heat insulation effect is such as
Fruit does not take temperature-boosting measure that this method can also be used.
Pest management is with reference to Routine Management method.
3rd, biennial Kiwi berry management：
At the beginning of 4 months by the end of March, Kiwi berry is unearthed behind clear garden, and left side actinidia tree is strapped in the left side of first layer steel wire from the ground, this
When assume left row actinidia tree be bearing-age tree, right side actinidia tree is strapped in the right side of first layer steel wire from the ground, then the right side
Skidding Kiwi berry is preliminary result tree（Next year bearing-age tree）；One is ploughed deeply to both sides Kiwi berry surface soil after the completion of restocking work
Time, pellucidly film is laid in the drip irrigation facilities such as drip irrigation zone in the ranks, the method is used to increase ground temperature, promotes Kiwi berry tree body rudiment
Growth；Mid or late April to early or mid May, two row actinidia tree ground of erasing are to the bud between first of steel wire, left side Kiwi berry
The fruitful branch of tree body stays one per 15-25 centimetres, while away from ground, second and third cement etc. supports right being strapped in of a first from left upwardly
On the steel wire at cross bar two on thing, from the side, as a result the fruit-bearing shoot cluster of row Kiwi berry is similar to English alphabet " V ", right side Mi
The annotinous branch of monkey peach body stays one per 15-50 centimetres（Lopwood does not cover and has 10 cm spaces to be available for sunlight saturating
Cross）, tilt the traction of 0-45 degree and be strapped in away from the steel wire between the ground upwardly supporter such as second and third cement, from the side, in advance
The annual shoot group likeness in form Arabic numerals " 1 " of standby result row Kiwi berry；During the florescence, the flower opened left row Kiwi berry fruitful branch
Artificial pollination is carried out, right side row Kiwi berry is not pollinated；At Fruit initial stage after bearing fruit, remove on left row Kiwi berry fruitful branch
Malformed fruit, fruitlet, excessive fruit, hinder fruit disease fruit etc., the fruit on the row Kiwi berry annotinous branch of right side all removes in principle, raw
The strong branch of growing way can leave and take 1-2 fruit to slow down branch growing way；By the end of August at the beginning of September, by the annual of preliminary result row Kiwi berry
Branch tilts 0 degree to 30 degree angle and is strapped in away from the steel wire between the ground upwardly supporter such as first and second cement；When winter cuts pair
Left row Kiwi berry fruitful branch carries out the short tip or pole short cane pruning, and right side row Kiwi berry annotinous branch is cut below ripe section position
10 cms, and it is no more than 4 meters more than the first layer steel wire of ground；The preparation renewal nearby of left and right sides row Kiwi berry root
Tap is managed and survived the winter cold-proof with reference to annual Kiwi berry tree body management method.
Water and fertilizer management：Management method of dripping is with reference to annual Kiwi berry tree body management；Rudiment fertilizer is with high nitrogen, low after being unearthed
Based on phosphorus, low potassium composite drip-irrigation fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio are 1:0.3:0.3 or so, 10 kilograms of mu drip irrigation purity nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer left sides
It is right；Before spending every 5 days or so foliage-spray B, K fertilizer twice；Spend the preceding Kiwi berry tree body foliage-spray PBO strong to growing way once,
Florescence utilizes micro- spraying equipment control air humidity；Rear fruit expanding period is spent based on high nitrogen, high phosphorus, middle potassium composite drip-irrigation fertilizer, nitrogen,
Phosphorus, potassium ratio are 0.8:1:0.5 or so, mu drip irrigation purity nitrogen, phosphorus, 15 kilograms or so of potash fertilizer；Fruit maturation initial stage is with low nitrogen, low
Based on phosphorus, high potassium composite drip-irrigation fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio are 0.3:0.3:1 or so, 30 kilograms of mu drip irrigation purity nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer left sides
It is right；Foliar fertilizer is with reference to annual Kiwi berry tree body management after bearing fruit；Basal dressing after fruit picking：Mu applies decomposed manure 2-10 side, mistake
30 kilograms or so of calcium phosphate, two 20 kilograms of ammoniums or so and middle micro- 2 kilograms or so（Finished product or mixture）.
Pest management is with reference to Routine Management method.
4th, raw above Kiwi berry tree body management in 3 years：
At the beginning of 4 months by the end of March, Kiwi berry is unearthed behind clear garden, and left side actinidia tree is strapped in the left side of first layer steel wire from the ground, this
When left row actinidia tree be preliminary result tree（Next year bearing-age tree）；Right side actinidia tree is strapped in first layer steel wire from the ground
Right side, then right side row Kiwi berry is bearing-age tree；The first from left of fruit-bearing shoot cluster one of right side Kiwi berry tree body is right to be strapped in away from ground
On the steel wire at cross bar two on the supporters such as second and third upward cement（Fruitful branch is to the inverted U-shaped bondage of projected length, and lopwood
30-50 centimetres of spacing）, from the side, as a result the fruit-bearing shoot cluster of row Kiwi berry is similar to English alphabet " V ", left side Kiwi berry tree body
Annotinous branch tilt the traction of 0-45 degree and be strapped in away from the steel wire between the ground upwardly supporter such as second and third cement, from
Side sees that the annual shoot group of preliminary result row Kiwi berry is similar to Arabic numerals " 1 ".
Water and fertilizer management, trimming management, cold-proof management etc. of surviving the winter are with reference to one, biennial Kiwi berry management.
Embodiment 2：
Annual Xu Xiang macaques are transplanted in greenhouse with the method within 2015 tested by the academy of agricultural science grape of Shihezi
Peach grafting, local worker is employed to plant, management is simple, and the link such as trimming, laxative realizes mechanization；Kiwi berry tree body in 2016
Smoothly survived the winter after burying soil, rudiment is neat, a small amount of result and fructescence are basically identical, as a result as shown in table 1.
Table 1
Embodiment 3：
2015 in the raw Xu Xiang Kiwi berry graftings of Production and Construction Corps of Xinjiang's planting in solar-greenhouse 2 years of eight teacher 147, use
T-shaped pergola system pattern, shoot maturation are highly 1.7 meters or so, and not upper frame, 2015 due to the high perennial Mi in frame frame face
Monkey peach, which does lignifying, can not bury soil, not heated up in Winter Solar Greenhouse, subzero 20.5 degree of minimum temperature in greenhouse, portion in 2016
The raw freeze injury of distribution, Kiwi berry T-shaped frame restocking in 2016 are completed, non-result；If cultivating Kiwi berry in Xinjiang using this mode,
It must heat up and survive the winter in winter canopy, as a result as shown in table 2.
Table 2
Embodiment 4：
The Kiwi berry complex operation of T-shaped frame or pergola system mode cultivation, technical requirements are high, recruitment is more, and this requires labourer
There is masterful technique grounding in basic skills, but Xinjiang region formation carries out generally 40,50 personnel of agricultural operation, almost without Kiwi berry skill
Art grounding in basic skills, ask work, recruitment difficulty outstanding problem.Duplicate rows, ' V+1 ' tree-like cultural method is crawled during Kiwifruit Culture manages
It is simple to operate, technical requirements are extremely low, the amount of labour used is few, or even can realize semi-mechanization management in some links, the method can in addition
To get bumper crops year after year, biennial bearing problem is not had, and Kiwi berry simplification, abridged edition, high-quality, efficient production can be achieved.
Finally it should be noted that：The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, are not intended to limit the invention,
Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, it still may be used
To be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitution is carried out to which part technical characteristic.
Within the spirit and principles of the invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., it should be included in the present invention's
Within protection domain.
Claims (2)
1. the method for planting of a kind of soil burial winter protection area Kiwi berry, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1）It is colonized pre-treatment：
" V+1 " shape is set to transplant frame, specific method is：During furrow planting or ridge plant, row is set to for south-north direction, two supporters
Spacing is 5-10 rice, and the high 1.8-5 rice of aerial part, line-spacing is 3-6 rice；From ground upwardly at 0-1.5 rice, with row to parallel side
To in the both sides of supporter, respectively a piece steel wire of setting, every side steel wire are respectively used for bondage a line Kiwi berry tree body；Away from first of steel
Silk is upwards at 0.1-1.5 rice, and with row to parallel direction, supporter is connected with steel wire two-by-two, at the same each supporter this
Position sets the cross bar one of 0.1-1.5 rice, and the both sides of every cross bar are connected with steel wire, and three are provided with altogether in this plane
Steel wire, middle steel wire are used for the bondage not branch of result row or few result row actinidia tree, and the steel wire of both sides is more for bondage
As a result the branch of row actinidia tree；At the upward 0.1-1.5 rice of second steel wire, with row to parallel direction, supporter is used two-by-two
Steel wire connects, while sets the cross bar one of 0.5-2.5 rice, the both sides steel wire of every cross bar in this position of each supporter
It is connected, three steel wires is also equipped with this plane, middle steel wire is used for bondage not result row or few result row Kiwi berry
The branch of tree, the steel wire of both sides are used for the branch of the more result row actinidia trees of bondage；
2）Annual Kiwi berry Planting management：
Basal dressing process is that mu applies decomposed manure 3-10 side, two 20 kilograms of ammoniums and middle micro- 2 kilograms；In each planting pit
Bottom is put into 1-3 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, 1 kilogram of potassium sulfate to improve soil acidity；Simultaneously to Kiwi berry tree body supplement phosphorus, potassium,
Calcareous fertilisers；Plant the month in beginning of spring 3-4 and plant seedling the 1-2 months in seedling or greenhouse, during field planting supporter row to left and right side respectively transplant a line macaque
The angle on peach, actinidia tree and ground is 45 degree, the spacing of two row actinidia trees is 20-100 centimetres, often row actinidia tree
Spacing in the rows is 0.5-4 rice, and often row pollinizers proportioning is 1:（5-10）, surface planting when planting seedling, soil buried 0-10 centimetres of root and no more than transferring
Interface；Drip irrigation facilities one are set among two row Kiwi berry tree bodies, and often the outside of row actinidia tree sets drip irrigation facilities one
Root, drip irrigation facilities are apart from 30 centimetres of Kiwi berry tree body；Plant and poured once on the day of seedling permeable, watering in 3-5 days has been crossed once, after the second water
Pour once within 10 days it is permeable after, to being ploughed deeply once around Kiwi berry tree body；Hereafter every water of 15-25 days drip irrigations and every time
To being ploughed deeply once around Kiwi berry tree body after drip irrigation, during more than 10 degree of average daily temperature, every mu adds nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio per water
Example is 1:1:13 kilograms of balance fertilizer drip irrigation fertilizer, stop pouring water by the end of August, every 10 days nitrogen, the phosphoric acid for spraying 3 ‰ after May
Potassium dihydrogen and middle microelement foliage fertilizer once, while additionally supplement iron fertilizer, the mid or late September tree body foliage-spray strong to growing way
Once, mid or late October drop winter irrigation is permeable once by PBO；
Mid or late April touches bud, and 2-5 bud is left and taken upwards close to root, and the branch of the bud nearest from root hair is used as preparation innovation shoot,
Bud more than the first layer steel wire of ground is erased；Early or mid May, the branch that the bud left and taken is sprouted tilt 45 degree of tractions with the rope made of hemp
Restocking, preparation innovation shoot take the method for multiple pinching to suppress its growth, extend branch diatance from the ground more than first layer steel wire, long extremely
Pinching at 1.6 meters, the every 30 centimetres of pinching repeatedly of branch of top hair, the side shoot in addition to top stay the pinching repeatedly of 3 leaves；By the end of August
To September at the beginning, two row Kiwi berrys extension branch is strapped on the corresponding steel wire nearest apart from ground；Winter in October cuts, and preparation is more
Shoot stays 2-5 buds are short to cut, and extends secateurs and is no more than 1.5 meters to maturation section position and more than the first layer steel wire of ground；After winter cuts
Full garden sprays 3-5 degree lime sulfurs；
By the end of October at the beginning of 11 months, Kiwi berry tree body is buried in the earth, colour bar cloth was covered on the Kiwi berry for burying soil, finally in coloured silk
30 centimetres of earthing on bar cloth；
3）Biennial Kiwi berry Planting management：
By the end of March at the beginning of 4 months, Kiwi berry is unearthed behind clear garden, and left side actinidia tree is strapped in the first layer steel nearest apart from ground
The left side of silk, right side actinidia tree are strapped in the right side of first layer steel wire nearest from the ground；To both sides after the completion of restocking work
Kiwi berry surface soil is ploughed deeply one time, and pellucidly film is laid in drip irrigation facilities, for increasing ground temperature, promotes Kiwi berry tree body to sprout
Bud grows；
Mid or late April to early or mid May, two row actinidia tree ground of erasing are to the bud between first of steel wire, left side Kiwi berry
The fruitful branch of tree body stays one per 15-25 centimetres, at the same the cross bar two of the right bondage of a first from left on a support away from ground
On upward second and third layer of steel wire, from the side, the fruit-bearing shoot cluster of left row result actinidia tree is " V "-shaped, right side Kiwi berry
The annotinous branch of tree body stays one per 15-50 centimetres, tilt the traction of 0-45 degree be strapped between supporter away from ground upwardly
Second and third steel wire on, from the side, the annual shoot group of right side row preliminary result row Kiwi berry is in " 1 " font；During the florescence,
The flower opened left row Kiwi berry fruitful branch carries out artificial pollination, and right side row Kiwi berry is not pollinated；Fruit initial stage after bearing fruit,
Remove the malformed fruit on left row Kiwi berry fruitful branch, fruitlet, excessive fruit, hinder fruit and disease fruit, right side row Kiwi berry annual shoot
Fruit on bar all removes, and the strong branch of growth potential leaves and takes 1-2 fruit to slow down branch growing way；By the end of August at the beginning of September, by preparation
As a result the annotinous branch of row Kiwi berry tilt 0 degree to 30 degree angle be strapped between supporter away from ground give birth to upwardly first,
On two steel wires；It is annual that the short tip or pole short cane pruning, right side row Kiwi berry are carried out when winter cuts to left row Kiwi berry fruitful branch
Branch cuts below ripe section position 10 centimetres, and more than the first layer steel wire nearest apart from ground is no more than 4 meters；Left and right sides row
The preparation innovation shoot management nearby of Kiwi berry root and cold-proof and step 2 of surviving the winter）Annual Kiwi berry Planting management is identical；
Water and fertilizer management：Management method of dripping is with reference to step 2）Annual Kiwi berry Planting management；It is high nitrogen that rudiment is fertile after being unearthed, low
Phosphorus, low potassium composite drip-irrigation fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio are 1：0.3：0.3, mu drip irrigation purity nitrogen, phosphorus, 10 kilograms of potash fertilizer；Every 5 before spending
Its foliage-spray B, K fertilizer are twice；Once, the florescence utilizes micro- spraying equipment to the Kiwi berry tree body foliage-spray PBO strong to growing way before spending
Control air humidity；Rear fruit expanding period is spent to impose high nitrogen, high phosphorus, middle potassium composite drip-irrigation fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio are 0.8:1:
0.5, mu drip irrigation purity nitrogen, phosphorus, 15 kilograms of potash fertilizer；Fruit maturation imposes low nitrogen, low-phosphorous, high potassium composite drip-irrigation fertilizer initial stage, nitrogen, phosphorus,
Potassium ratio is 0.3:0.3:1, mu drip irrigation purity nitrogen, phosphorus, 30 kilograms of potash fertilizer；Foliar fertilizer is with reference to step 2 after bearing fruit）Annual Kiwi berry
Tree body management；Basal dressing after fruit picking：Mu applies decomposed manure 2-10 side, 30 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, two 20 kilograms of ammoniums and in it is micro
2 kilograms of element；
4）3 years raw above Kiwi berry Planting managements：
By the end of March at the beginning of 4 months, Kiwi berry is unearthed behind clear garden, and left side actinidia tree is strapped in first layer steel wire nearest from the ground
Left side, now left row actinidia tree is preliminary result tree；Right side actinidia tree is strapped in first layer steel nearest from the ground
The right side of silk, right side row Kiwi berry is bearing-age tree；The first from left of fruit-bearing shoot cluster one right side of right side Kiwi berry tree body is strapped in supporter
On away from ground upwardly on the steel wire at second and third cross bar two, i.e. fruitful branch to the inverted U-shaped bondage of projected length, and lopwood spacing
30-50 centimetres, from the side, as a result the fruit-bearing shoot cluster of row Kiwi berry is " V "-shaped, the annotinous branch of left side Kiwi berry tree body
Tilt the traction of 0-45 degree be strapped between supporter away from ground second and third steel wire upwardly, from the side, preliminary result row
The annual shoot group of Kiwi berry is in " 1 " font；
Water and fertilizer management, trimming management, cold-proof management of surviving the winter are with reference to step 2）Annual Kiwi berry management and step 3）2 years
Raw Kiwi berry management.
A kind of 2. method for planting of soil burial winter protection area Kiwi berry according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the support
Thing is cement pole.
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| CN108812015A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-11-16 | 日照冉丰农业开发有限公司 | Kiwi berry " X " type frame new cultivation technology |
| CN110384017A (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2019-10-29 | 湖南省园艺研究所 | A kind of vine fruit cultivation bracket |
| CN111386957A (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2020-07-10 | 六盘水师范学院 | Kiwi fruit planting method |
| CN113039990A (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2021-06-29 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | Kiwi fruit shaping method |
| CN116138101A (en) * | 2023-03-14 | 2023-05-23 | 四川省自然资源科学研究院(四川省生产力促进中心) | Light-weight efficient early-fruiting kiwi fruit planting method |
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| CN113039990B (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2022-06-17 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | Kiwi fruit shaping method |
| CN116138101A (en) * | 2023-03-14 | 2023-05-23 | 四川省自然资源科学研究院(四川省生产力促进中心) | Light-weight efficient early-fruiting kiwi fruit planting method |
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