CN108812015B - Novel X-shaped frame cultivation method for kiwi fruits - Google Patents
Novel X-shaped frame cultivation method for kiwi fruits Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/04—Supports for hops, vines, or trees
- A01G17/06—Trellis-work
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel method for cultivating X-shaped frames of kiwi fruits, which adopts large and small rows for planting, a plurality of X-shaped frames are erected upwards along the row direction of the small rows, two adjacent X-shaped frames are connected by iron wires along the row direction, the X-shaped frames respectively comprise an upper traction iron wire, a lower traction iron wire and a support iron wire, and a traction rope is connected between the upper traction iron wire and the lower traction iron wire; putting the bearing branches of the current year on two supporting iron wires; the culture branches are fixed on a traction rope in a traction way; pruning and setting up the cultivation branches in autumn, spreading the cultivation branches after pruning and the reserved fruiting branches of the next year in the same direction into the grooves, burying soil and covering with felt for cold protection; the operation is simple, labor is saved, the effect is taken quickly, and the high yield can be achieved in the next year; the popularization is easy; burying soil under the branches for cold protection and freezing resistance; the invention can reasonably increase planting density and improve environmental conditions, thereby improving the yield of the kiwi fruit, solving the problem of cold resistance and leading the kiwi fruit to be capable of realizing fast high yield in the north.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of planting, in particular to a novel kiwi fruit cultivation technology.
Background
For a long time, in the aspect of a vertical frame mode for planting kiwi fruits, "shed frame type", "trellis type", "T-shaped frame type", "V-shaped frame type", and the like are adopted at home and abroad, and at present, trellis type and T-shaped frame type are mainly adopted. In the aspect of a field planting mode for planting kiwi fruits, an equal row spacing mode is generally adopted at home and abroad, and the general row spacing is 3-4 meters; the planting density is about 80 plants/mu to 110 plants/mu; due to the planting mode, the kiwi fruit field maximum leaf area index is low, the population density is low, the utilization rate of space, illumination, land and other resources is low, and the ideal effect of high yield and high efficiency is difficult to realize. Meanwhile, the current kiwi fruit planting management measures are not scientific, freeze injury of kiwi fruit seedlings is easy to occur, especially, the yield of kiwi fruit is easy to decrease in the north, and the kiwi fruit planting benefit is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a novel X-shaped frame cultivation method for kiwi fruits, which can reasonably increase the planting density and improve the production environment, thereby increasing the yield of the kiwi fruits, and simultaneously solving the cold-proof problem, so that the kiwi fruits can be quickly produced in the north with high yield.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the novel X-shaped rack kiwi fruit cultivation method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, planting in large and small rows: the large line spacing is 180 cm-220 cm, and the small line spacing is 80 cm-120 cm; the plant spacing is 140 cm-240 cm, and 150-350 plants are planted per mu; the branches of the kiwi fruits are divided into bearing branches bearing fruits in the current year and culture branches preparing bearing fruits in the next year;
step two, fixing an X-shaped frame: a plurality of X-shaped frames are erected upwards along the row direction of the small rows, and each X-shaped frame comprises two X-shaped support frames which are connected in a crossed manner; the buried depth of the lower end of the X-shaped frame is not less than 30cm, the height of the top end of the X-shaped frame from the ground is 150 cm-250 cm, the distance between two support frames at the top end of the X-shaped frame is 20 cm-50 cm, and the distance between two support frames at the ground of the X-shaped frame is more than the small line distance of 10 cm-30 cm;
step three, connection between X-shaped frames: connecting two adjacent X-shaped frames by using iron wires along the row direction, wherein the tops of the two adjacent X-shaped frames are respectively connected with two upper traction iron wires for guiding the growth of the culture branches, and the two adjacent X-shaped frames are respectively connected with two lower traction iron wires for guiding the growth of the culture branches at the position 15 cm-30 cm away from the ground; two support iron wires for supporting the fruit branches are connected at the positions, 70-120 cm away from the ground, of the two adjacent X-shaped frames;
step four, fixing a traction rope: a traction rope is connected between the upper traction iron wire and the lower traction iron wire on the same side of the X-shaped frame, the traction rope and the lower traction iron wire form an included angle of 45-60 degrees, and the traction rope is arranged according to the number of the cultivation branches of the nearby plants;
step five, putting fruit branches on shelves: putting the bearing branches of the current year on two supporting iron wires to bear the bearing fruits of the current year;
step six, putting culture branches on shelves: selecting 2-4 branches with luxuriant branches for culture branches bearing fruits in the next year, fixing the culture branches on a traction rope, and guiding the culture branches to grow;
seventhly, putting down and cold-proof: 150 cm-240 cm of cut tips are left on the lower frame from the cultivation branches pulled by the pulling rope to autumn, two fruit branches are left for the next year from the fruit branches bearing fruits in the current year to the fruit branches bearing fruits in the autumn, and the rest are cut from the bottom; digging grooves between the small rows, spreading the culture branches after pruning and the reserved fruit branches of the next year along the same direction into the grooves, burying soil and covering with felt for cold protection;
and the fifth step, the sixth step and the seventh step are circulated every year.
As a preferred technical solution, it is proposed that,
in the first step, the large line spacing is 200cm, and the small line spacing is 100 cm; planting 220 plants per mu with the plant spacing of 200 cm;
in the second step, the buried depth of the lower end of the X-shaped frame is 50cm, the height of the top end of the X-shaped frame from the ground is 180cm, the distance between two support frames at the top end of the X-shaped frame is 30cm, and the distance between two support frames at the ground of the X-shaped frame is more than 20cm of the small row spacing;
in the third step, two lower traction iron wires for guiding the growth of the culture branches are respectively connected at the positions, 20cm away from the ground, of the two adjacent X-shaped frames; two support iron wires for supporting the fruit branches are connected at the positions, 90cm away from the ground, of the two adjacent X-shaped frames;
in the fourth step, the traction rope and the lower traction iron wire form an included angle of 50 degrees;
selecting 3 luxuriant branches for culture branches for fruiting in the next year, fixing the culture branches on a traction rope, and guiding the culture branches to grow;
and seventhly, cutting 200cm of tips of the culture branches pulled by the pulling ropes to be placed on a lower frame from autumn, leaving two fruit branches for next year use after the fruit branches bearing fruits in the same year to bear fruits in autumn, and cutting the rest branches from the bottom.
As a preferred technical scheme, the planting density of the weak-growth variety is increased, the plant spacing is 150cm, and 330 plants are planted per mu.
As a preferred technical scheme, the intersection of the two support frames is connected through an iron wire or a U-shaped clamp.
As a preferred technical scheme, the hauling cable is connected to the iron wire through a clamp.
By adopting the technical scheme, the novel X-shaped frame cultivation method for the kiwi fruits is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, planting in large and small rows: the large line spacing is 180 cm-220 cm, and the small line spacing is 80 cm-120 cm; the plant spacing is 140 cm-240 cm, and 150-350 plants are planted per mu; the branches of the kiwi fruits are divided into bearing branches bearing fruits in the current year and culture branches preparing bearing fruits in the next year;
step two, fixing an X-shaped frame: a plurality of X-shaped frames are erected upwards along the row direction of the small rows, and each X-shaped frame comprises two X-shaped support frames which are connected in a crossed manner; the buried depth of the lower end of the X-shaped frame is not less than 30cm, the height of the top end of the X-shaped frame from the ground is 150 cm-220 cm, the distance between two support frames at the top end of the X-shaped frame is 20 cm-50 cm, and the distance between two support frames at the ground of the X-shaped frame is more than the small line distance of 10 cm-30 cm;
step three, connection between X-shaped frames: connecting two adjacent X-shaped frames by using iron wires along the row direction, wherein the tops of the two adjacent X-shaped frames are respectively connected with two upper traction iron wires for guiding the growth of the culture branches, and the two adjacent X-shaped frames are respectively connected with two lower traction iron wires for guiding the growth of the culture branches at the position 15 cm-30 cm away from the ground; two support iron wires for supporting the fruit branches are connected at the positions, 70-120 cm away from the ground, of the two adjacent X-shaped frames;
step four, fixing a traction rope: a traction rope is connected between the upper traction iron wire and the lower traction iron wire on the same side of the X-shaped frame, the traction rope and the lower traction iron wire form an included angle of 45-60 degrees, and the traction rope is arranged according to the number of the cultivation branches of the nearby plants;
step five, putting fruit branches on shelves: putting the bearing branches of the current year on two supporting iron wires to bear the bearing fruits of the current year;
step six, putting culture branches on shelves: selecting 2-4 branches with luxuriant branches for culture branches bearing fruits in the next year, fixing the culture branches on a traction rope, and guiding the culture branches to grow;
seventhly, putting down and cold-proof: 150 cm-240 cm of cut tips are left on the lower frame from the cultivation branches pulled by the pulling rope to autumn, two fruit branches are left for the next year from the fruit branches bearing fruits in the current year to the fruit branches bearing fruits in the autumn, and the rest are cut from the bottom; digging grooves between the small rows, spreading the culture branches after pruning and the reserved fruit branches of the next year along the same direction into the grooves, burying soil and covering with felt for cold protection;
the fifth step, the sixth step and the seventh step are circulated every year;
the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the operation is simple and labor-saving: the X-shaped frame is simple in structure, firm, durable and convenient to install, mechanized operation is facilitated between large and small rows, manual trimming on two sides is facilitated, and management is more convenient and more in place than a traditional cultivation mode.
(2) The effect is quick: the second year can achieve high yield.
(3) The popularization is easy: the novel method for cultivating the X-shaped frame of the kiwi fruits is implemented, the equal row spacing in the traditional hedge frame mode is changed into the large row spacing, and the vertical hedge frame is changed into the cross inclined hedge frame, so that the method can be understood at a glance; the new shaping and trimming technology is easy to master and can be learned once; the fruit grower is easy to accept and operate, so the new technology is easy to popularize.
(4) Burying soil under the branch for cold protection: the cold protection is facilitated through the soil burying and the felt cloth covering, so that the kiwi fruit can be rapidly produced in the north.
The invention can reasonably increase planting density and improve environmental conditions, thereby improving the yield of the kiwi fruit, solving the problem of cold resistance and leading the kiwi fruit to be capable of realizing fast high yield in the north.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating and explaining the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a large row spacing and a small row spacing according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the installation position of the "X" shaped frame on the ground according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an "X" shaped frame of an embodiment of the present invention before being installed with a traction rope;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of an "X" shaped frame with a pull rope installed thereon according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the present invention installed on the ground after the "X" frame is installed with a pull line;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the kiwi fruit bearing branches according to the embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1- "X" type frame; 2-pulling an iron wire upwards; 3-pulling an iron wire; 4-supporting iron wires; 5-a traction rope; 6-bearing branches; 7-grooves.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to the figures and examples. In the following detailed description, certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described by way of illustration only. Needless to say, a person skilled in the art realizes that the described embodiments can be modified in various different ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the drawings and description are illustrative in nature and not intended to limit the scope of the claims.
The novel X-shaped frame cultivation method for the kiwi fruits comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: kiwi fruit is big or small row planted
Changing the traditional hedgerow spacing planting mode into a large and small row spacing planting mode, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the large row spacing is a, and the size is 180 cm-220 cm, such as 190cm, 200cm, 210cm and the like; the small line interval is b, and the size is 80 cm-120 cm, such as 90cm, 100cm, 110cm and the like; the plant spacing is c, the size is 140 cm-240 cm, 150-350 plants are planted per mu, for example, the plant spacing c is 200cm, and 220 plants are planted per mu; planting density of the weak-growing variety is increased, the planting distance c is 150cm, and 330 plants are planted per mu; during final singling, the specific row spacing and plant spacing of large rows and small rows are flexibly determined according to the site conditions and the type of the selected variety; the branches of the kiwi fruit are divided into a bearing branch for bearing in the current year and a culture branch for preparing bearing in the next year.
Step two: fixed 'X' type frame
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, a plurality of X-shaped frames 1 are erected upwards along the row direction of the small rows, and the X-shaped frames 1 comprise two support frames which are connected in a cross manner and are in an X shape; the crossing parts of the two support frames are connected through iron wires or U-shaped clamps and are used for ensuring the stability of the fixation of the X-shaped frame 1; the buried depth d of the lower end of the X-shaped frame 1 is not less than 30cm, such as 40cm and 50 cm; the height of the top end of the X-shaped frame 1 from the ground is e, and the e size is 150 cm-220 cm, such as 160cm, 180cm, 200cm and the like; the distance between the two support frames at the top end of the X-shaped frame 1 is f, and the f is 20 cm-50 cm, such as 30cm and 40 cm; the distance between two support frames at the ground of the X-shaped frame 1 is g, and g is 10 cm-30 cm larger than the small line distance, for example, 20cm larger than the small line distance; when the X-shaped frame 1 is fixedly installed, the position of the fixed installation is selected according to actual requirements.
Step three: connections between "X" shaped frames
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, two adjacent X-shaped frames 1 are connected by iron wires along the row direction, wherein two upper pulling iron wires 2 for guiding the growth of the cultivation branches are respectively connected to the tops of the two adjacent X-shaped frames 1, and two lower pulling iron wires 3 for guiding the growth of the cultivation branches are respectively connected to the two adjacent X-shaped frames 1 at a height h away from the ground, wherein the h is 15 cm-30 cm, such as 20cm, 25cm and the like; two supporting iron wires 4 for supporting the fruit branches 6 are connected at the position where the height of two adjacent X-shaped frames 1 from the ground is i, the size of i is 70 cm-120 cm, for example 90cm, and the specific size of the lower traction iron wire 3 and the supporting iron wire 4 from the ground is specifically selected according to the growth height and the growth state of the branches.
Step four: fixed hauling rope
As shown in fig. 5, a traction rope 5 is connected between an upper traction iron wire 2 and a lower traction iron wire 3 on the same side of the X-shaped frame 1, and the traction rope 5 is connected to the iron wires through a clamp; the traction ropes 5 and the lower traction iron wires 3 form an included angle of 45-60 degrees, for example, an included angle of 50 degrees, and the traction ropes 5 are arranged according to the number of the cultivation branches of nearby plants, so that the growth length of the cultivation branches is increased.
Step five: fruit branch upper frame
As shown in fig. 6, the bearing branches 6 of the current year are placed on the two supporting wires 4 to bear the current year's bearing, and only three bearing branches 6 of one complete kiwi fruit branch are shown in fig. 6 to show the state where the bearing branches 6 are placed on the two supporting wires 4.
Step six: culture branch upper frame
Selecting 2-4 branches with luxuriant branches for the cultivation branches for fruiting next year, for example, 3 branches with luxuriant branches for the cultivation branches for fruiting next year, as shown in fig. 6, only 3 traction ropes 5 are shown for corresponding three cultivation branches, wherein the cultivation branches are not shown in the figure, and of course, the specific number of the traction ropes 5 corresponds to the cultivation branches, and fixing the cultivation branches on the traction ropes 5 to guide the cultivation branches to grow.
Step seven: lower frame and cold-proof
150 cm-240 cm of cut tips are left from the cultivation branches pulled by the pulling ropes 5 to autumn, for example, 200cm, 220cm and the like, the cut tips are selected according to actual requirements, two fruit branches are left for next year use after fruit branches bearing in the current year to autumn and the rest are cut from the bottom; digging grooves 7 between the small rows, as shown in fig. 2, spreading the culture branches after pruning and the fruit branches reserved for the next year in the same direction into the grooves 7, burying soil and covering with felt for cold protection; the cold protection is facilitated through the soil burying and the felt cloth covering, so that the kiwi fruit can be rapidly produced in the north.
The fifth step, the sixth step and the seventh step are circulated every year, and the sequence of the steps can be adjusted according to actual conditions among the steps.
The small row spacing in the mode of the invention is narrower than the traditional equal row spacing, thus saving land, facilitating manual operation and carrying out all-round pruning management on the kiwi fruits; compared with the traditional planting mode, the mode of the invention achieves close planting due to the increase of the number of rows, and ensures that the density between the overground part plants is high through the change of the large row spacing and the small row spacing, so that the plants are crowded without crowding, the utilization efficiency of space and land is improved, and the yield of the kiwi fruit is improved.
The X-shaped frame is simple in structure, firm, durable and convenient to install, and the large and small rows are convenient for mechanical operation, so that manual trimming on two sides is facilitated, and management is more convenient and in place than a traditional cultivation mode; and the installation and fixation of the X-shaped frame belong to one-time investment, the cost can be recovered after the next year of high yield, and the cost is low.
The invention adopts a new method for cultivating the X-shaped frame of the kiwi fruit, changes the equal row spacing in the traditional hedge frame mode into the large row spacing and changes the vertical hedge frame into the cross inclined hedge frame, is understood at a glance and takes effect quickly, and can realize high yield in the second year; the new shaping and trimming technology is easy to master and can be learned once; the fruit grower is easy to accept and operate, so the new technology is easy to popularize.
The invention can reasonably increase planting density and improve environmental conditions, thereby improving the yield of the kiwi fruit, solving the problem of cold resistance and leading the kiwi fruit to be capable of realizing fast high yield in the north.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (5)
1. The novel X-shaped rack kiwi fruit cultivation method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, planting in large and small rows: the large line spacing is 180 cm-220 cm, and the small line spacing is 80 cm-120 cm; the plant spacing is 140 cm-240 cm, and 150-350 plants are planted per mu; the branches of the kiwi fruits are divided into bearing branches bearing fruits in the current year and culture branches preparing bearing fruits in the next year;
step two, fixing an X-shaped frame: a plurality of X-shaped frames are erected upwards along the row direction of the small rows, and each X-shaped frame comprises two X-shaped support frames which are connected in a crossed manner; the buried depth of the lower end of the X-shaped frame is not less than 30cm, the height of the top end of the X-shaped frame from the ground is 150 cm-250 cm, the distance between two support frames at the top end of the X-shaped frame is 20 cm-50 cm, and the distance between two support frames at the ground of the X-shaped frame is more than the small line distance of 10 cm-30 cm;
step three, connection between X-shaped frames: connecting two adjacent X-shaped frames by using iron wires along the row direction, wherein the tops of the two adjacent X-shaped frames are respectively connected with two upper traction iron wires for guiding the growth of the culture branches, and the two adjacent X-shaped frames are respectively connected with two lower traction iron wires for guiding the growth of the culture branches at the position 15 cm-30 cm away from the ground; two support iron wires for supporting the fruit branches are connected at the positions, 70-120 cm away from the ground, of the two adjacent X-shaped frames;
step four, fixing a traction rope: a traction rope is connected between the upper traction iron wire and the lower traction iron wire on the same side of the X-shaped frame, the traction rope and the lower traction iron wire form an included angle of 45-60 degrees, and the traction rope is arranged according to the number of the cultivation branches of the nearby plants;
step five, putting fruit branches on shelves: putting the bearing branches of the current year on two supporting iron wires to bear the bearing fruits of the current year;
step six, putting culture branches on shelves: selecting 2-4 branches with luxuriant branches for culture branches bearing fruits in the next year, fixing the culture branches on a traction rope, and guiding the culture branches to grow;
seventhly, putting down and cold-proof: 150 cm-240 cm of cut tips are left on the lower frame from the cultivation branches pulled by the pulling rope to autumn, two fruit branches are left for the next year from the fruit branches bearing fruits in the current year to the fruit branches bearing fruits in the autumn, and the rest are cut from the bottom; digging grooves between the small rows, spreading the culture branches after pruning and the reserved fruit branches of the next year along the same direction into the grooves, burying soil and covering with felt for cold protection;
and the fifth step, the sixth step and the seventh step are circulated every year.
2. The new X-shaped frame cultivation method of kiwi fruit as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that:
in the first step, the large line spacing is 200cm, and the small line spacing is 100 cm; planting 220 plants per mu with the plant spacing of 200 cm;
in the second step, the buried depth of the lower end of the X-shaped frame is 50cm, the height of the top end of the X-shaped frame from the ground is 180cm, the distance between two support frames at the top end of the X-shaped frame is 30cm, and the distance between two support frames at the ground of the X-shaped frame is more than 20cm of the small row spacing;
in the third step, two lower traction iron wires for guiding the growth of the culture branches are respectively connected at the positions, 20cm away from the ground, of the two adjacent X-shaped frames; two support iron wires for supporting the fruit branches are connected at the positions, 90cm away from the ground, of the two adjacent X-shaped frames;
in the fourth step, the traction rope and the lower traction iron wire form an included angle of 50 degrees;
selecting 3 luxuriant branches for culture branches for fruiting in the next year, fixing the culture branches on a traction rope, and guiding the culture branches to grow;
and seventhly, cutting 200cm of tips of the culture branches pulled by the pulling ropes to be placed on a lower frame from autumn, leaving two fruit branches for next year use after the fruit branches bearing fruits in the same year to bear fruits in autumn, and cutting the rest branches from the bottom.
3. The new X-shaped frame cultivation method of kiwi fruit as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the planting density of the weak variety is increased, the planting distance is 150cm, and 330 plants are planted per mu.
4. The new X-shaped frame cultivation method of kiwi fruit as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the intersection of the two support frames is connected through an iron wire or a U-shaped clamp.
5. The new "X" shaped rack cultivation method of kiwi fruit as claimed in claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized by that: the haulage rope passes through the clip and connects on the iron wire.
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| CN105594542A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-05-25 | 张恩祥 | New method for wide and narrow row and compact planting of kiwi fruits by adopting tilting trellises |
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| CN105594542A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-05-25 | 张恩祥 | New method for wide and narrow row and compact planting of kiwi fruits by adopting tilting trellises |
| CN105532365A (en) * | 2016-02-16 | 2016-05-04 | 四川农业大学 | Actinidia chinensis cultivation model |
| CN107371940A (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2017-11-24 | 石河子农业科学研究院 | A kind of method for planting of soil burial winter protection area Kiwi berry |
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