CN103907499B - Trellis viticulture method suitable for alpine region - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method suitable for cultivating grape hedges in alpine regions. When building gardens in grape producing areas, "Y" type double hedges are used, with a height of 180 cm. The length of the bar and the bar is 20, 50, and 100 cm from bottom to top. There are pull wires at both ends of each bar, which together with the lower pull wires form a "Y"-shaped double fence leaf curtain. The grapes all use a single trunk along the The row direction is inclined at an angle of 30°, and the double main vines are used to extend along the row direction at 60cm and connect with the previous plant. The new shoots on each main vine are tied to one side of the main vine perpendicular to the row direction. The invention can precisely control the output, is convenient for mechanical management, is convenient for loading and unloading grapes, is convenient for overwintering and cold protection, and has wide practicability.

Description

A method suitable for trellis cultivation of grapes in alpine regions

technical field

The invention discloses a method suitable for grape trellis cultivation in alpine regions, designed for labor-saving and high-efficiency cultivation of grapes, and belongs to the technical field of high-efficiency grape cultivation.

Background technique

In the north, single-wall hedges are used for cultivation, horizontally connected scaffolds, small scaffolds, etc. However, the plane scaffolds currently used are expensive, difficult to manage and labor-intensive. Using a single-wall fence to cultivate grapes has poor ventilation and light transmission, and the shelf surface is limited, the space utilization rate is low, and the growth of grape branches is insufficient, resulting in relatively small leaf area, which has a certain impact on yield. The tree shape is disordered and irregular. The branches are crossed and scattered, which is inconvenient to manage. At present, there is not yet a kind of cultivation frame that adapts to the characteristics of grape production in alpine regions and can effectively use space to achieve labor-saving and high-efficiency.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method suitable for the trellis cultivation of grapes in alpine regions, which can precisely control the yield, facilitate mechanical management, facilitate the loading and unloading of grapes, and facilitate overwintering and cold protection, and has wide practicability.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the embodiments of the present invention provide a method suitable for the cultivation of grape trellises in alpine regions. When building gardens in grape producing areas, "Y" type double fences, the height of the trellis surface is 180cm, and the height of the 60cm of the column , 100, and 180cm to set 3 crossbars, the lengths of which are 20, 50, and 100cm from bottom to top, respectively. There are stay wires at both ends of each crossbar, which together with the lower stay wires form a "Y" double fence frame Leaf curtains and grapes are placed on the shelves with a single trunk inclined at an angle of 30° along the row direction, and double main tendrils are used to extend along the row direction and connect with the previous one on the pull wire at 60 cm. The new shoots on each main tendril are perpendicular to the row direction Draw and tie on one side of the main vine.

The concrete steps of described method are as follows:

S1, planting of seedlings: annual seedlings are planted along the same direction at an angle of 30° with the ground, and when the new shoot grows to 50 cm, tie the new shoot to the first iron wire along the trunk direction with a rope;

S2. Summer pruning: pruning in the year of planting, usually in mid-to-late July, pick the heart at the height of the first wire, cut the thickness of more than 0.5cm, keep the top two auxiliary shoots to continue to extend, and remove all the other auxiliary shoots, The two auxiliary shoots at the top are tied to the two iron wires of the first road as the main spreading long branches for cultivation;

S2. In the second year of planting, when the new shoots on the main vine grow to the inflorescence, keep one new shoot at an interval of 10 cm, and wipe off the rest of the new shoots. The branches are handled according to the space, and one leaf is left on the auxiliary shoot above the inflorescence of the fruiting branch, and 3 to 4 leaves are left on the top auxiliary shoot, and the top of the auxiliary shoot is repeatedly topped, and all the auxiliary shoots below the inflorescence are removed; Topping all. During the whole growing season, topping and removing auxiliary shoots need to be carried out about 2 to 3 times;

S4. Winter pruning: pruning in winter in the year of planting, usually in mid-to-late October, remove all auxiliary shoots on the main vine, and the pruning height of the main vine should be determined according to the maturity and thickness of the grape branches: the thickness of the cut is 0.5 More than one centimeter, the cut buds should be full;

S5. In the second year, leave the fruiting mother branches from the base of the main vine, and leave 16 to 20 strong fruiting mother branches for each plant, with an interval of about 10 cm. Cut off the fruiting mother branches to leave 1 to 3 full buds, and cut off the top fruiting mother branches. 3 to 4 buds, the height of the main vine is controlled within 1.2 meters (that is, within 20 cm above the second wire); the above requirements are referred to when pruning every year in the future, and the selection of the mother branch is as close as possible to the main vine; The upper end extension head is placed flat on the second iron wire on both sides of the frame surface, the thickness of the cut is greater than 0.5 cm, and the horizontal main vines are separated by 10 cm to leave 2 short branches as the fruiting mother branches in the coming year" pruning method;

S6. Overwintering and cold protection: put the pruned branches and tendrils in the planting ditch, and cover the grape branches and tendrils with a layer of colored strips before burying the soil. The thickness of the buried soil should be 10cm higher than that of the colored strips;

The invention can accurately control the output, is convenient for mechanical management, convenient for putting grapes on and off the shelf, convenient for overwintering and cold protection, and has wide practicability.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that the present invention is suitable for the trellis cultivation method of the grape in alpine region.

detailed description

In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention clearer, the following will describe in detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

The present invention is aimed at existing deficiencies a kind of method that is suitable for the cultivation of grape trellises in alpine regions, as shown in Figure 1, when the grape producing area builds a garden, "Y" type double fences, the height of the trellis surface is 180cm, at the height of the column 1 Three horizontal bars 2 are set at 60, 100, and 180 cm, and the lengths of the horizontal bars 2 are 20, 50, and 100 cm from bottom to top, respectively. The two ends of each horizontal bar 2 are designed with pull wires 3, which together form the " Y" type double fence leaf curtain, the grapes are put on the shelf with a single trunk 4 inclined at a 30° angle 7 along the row, and double main vines 5 are used to extend along the row and connect with the previous plant on the pull wire 3 at 60cm. The new shoots 6 on the main vine are tied to one side of the main vine 5 perpendicular to the row direction.

Example 1

A kind of method concrete steps suitable for the trellis cultivation of grapes in the alpine region are as follows:

S1, planting of seedlings: the seedlings are planted along the same direction with the ground at an angle of 30°, and when the new shoots grow to 50 cm, tie the new shoots to the first iron wire along the trunk direction with ropes;

S2. Summer pruning: pruning in the year of planting, usually in mid-to-late July, pick the heart at the height of the first wire, cut the thickness of more than 0.5cm, keep the top two auxiliary shoots to continue to extend, and remove all the other auxiliary shoots, The two auxiliary shoots at the top are tied to the two iron wires of the first road as the main spreading long branches for cultivation;

S2. In the second year of planting, when the new shoots on the main vine grow to the inflorescence, keep one new shoot at an interval of 10 cm, and wipe off the rest of the new shoots. The space is handled as appropriate, and one leaf is left on the auxiliary shoot above the inflorescence of the fruiting branch, and 4 leaves are left on the top auxiliary shoot for repeated topping, and all the auxiliary shoots below the inflorescence are removed. In early August, all young shoots and new shoots are topped. Throughout the growing season, topping and removal of auxiliary shoots need to be carried out about 3 times.

S4. Winter pruning: pruning in winter in the year of planting, usually in mid-to-late October, remove all auxiliary shoots on the main vine, and the pruning height of the main vine should be determined according to the maturity and thickness of the grape branches: the thickness of the cut is 0.5 More than one centimeter, the cut buds should be full.

S5. In the second year, the fruiting mother branches are left from the base of the main vine, and each plant leaves 18 strong fruiting mother branches, with an interval of about 10 cm. The height of the vines is controlled at 1.1 meters, which is 10 centimeters above the second wire. In the future, the above requirements will be referred to when pruning every year. As a result, the selection of the mother branch should be kept as close as possible to the main vine. Adopt the pruning method of "put the extension head at the top of the frame surface to the second iron wire on both sides of the frame surface, the thickness of the cut is greater than 0.5 cm, and leave 2 short branches at an interval of 10 cm on the horizontal main vine as the fruiting mother branch in the coming year" .

S6. Overwintering and cold protection: place the pruned branches and tendrils in the planting ditch, and cover the grape branches and tendrils with a layer of colored strips before burying the soil. The thickness of the buried soil should be 10cm higher than that of the colored strips.

The above description is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications It should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A method suitable for the cultivation of grape trellises in alpine regions, characterized in that, when building gardens in grape producing areas, "Y" type double fences, with a height of 180cm, are set at 60, 100, and 180cm of the columns There are 3 horizontal bars, the length of which is 20, 50, and 100cm from bottom to top. There are pull wires at both ends of each horizontal bar, which together with the lower pull wires form a "Y"-shaped double fence leaf curtain. The grapes are all made of The single main trunk is placed on the shelf at an angle of 30° along the row direction, and the double main vines are used to extend along the row direction and connect with the previous plant on the 60cm pull line. side; The concrete steps of described method are as follows: S1, planting of seedlings: annual seedlings are planted along the same direction at an angle of 30° with the ground, and when the new shoot grows to 50 cm, tie the new shoot to the first iron wire along the trunk direction with a rope; S2. Summer pruning: pruning in the year of planting, in the middle and late July, pick the heart at the height of the first iron wire, the thickness of the cut is more than 0.5cm, keep the two auxiliary shoots at the top and continue to extend, and remove all the other auxiliary shoots. The two auxiliary shoots at the top are tied to the first two iron wires as the main spreading long branches for cultivation; S2. In the second year of planting, when the new shoots on the main vine grow to the inflorescence, keep one new shoot at an interval of 10 cm, and wipe off the rest of the new shoots. The branches are handled according to the space, and one leaf is left on the auxiliary shoot above the inflorescence of the fruiting branch, and 3 to 4 leaves are left on the top auxiliary shoot, and the top of the auxiliary shoot is repeatedly topped, and all the auxiliary shoots below the inflorescence are removed; All topping; during the whole growing season, the work of topping and removing auxiliary shoots needs to be carried out 2 to 3 times; S4. Winter pruning: pruning in winter in the year of planting, in the middle and late October, remove all auxiliary shoots on the main vine, and the pruning height of the main vine should be determined according to the maturity and thickness of the grape branches: the thickness of the pruning is 0.5 cm Above, the cut buds should be full; S5. In the second year, leave the fruiting mother branches from the base of the main vine, and leave 16 to 20 strong fruiting mother branches for each plant, with an interval of about 10 cm. Cut off the fruiting mother branches to leave 1 to 3 full buds, and cut off the top fruiting mother branches. 3 to 4 buds, the height of the main vine is controlled within 1.2 meters, that is, within 20 cm above the second iron wire; the above requirements will be referred to when pruning every year in the future, and the selection of the mother branch should be kept as close as possible to the main vine; The extension head is placed flat on the second wire on both sides of the frame surface, the thickness of the cut is greater than 0.5 cm, and the horizontal main vines are separated by 10 cm to leave 2 short branches as the fruiting mother branches in the coming year" pruning method; S6. Overwintering and cold protection: place the pruned branches and tendrils in the planting ditch, and cover the grape branches and tendrils with a layer of colored strips before burying the soil. The thickness of the buried soil should be 10cm higher than that of the colored strips.