CN111820067B - Method for regulating and controlling consistency of fruiting mother branches of 'trunk-shaped' grapevines in northern soil-buried cultivation area - Google Patents
Method for regulating and controlling consistency of fruiting mother branches of 'trunk-shaped' grapevines in northern soil-buried cultivation area Download PDFInfo
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- CN111820067B CN111820067B CN202010704533.3A CN202010704533A CN111820067B CN 111820067 B CN111820067 B CN 111820067B CN 202010704533 A CN202010704533 A CN 202010704533A CN 111820067 B CN111820067 B CN 111820067B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for regulating and controlling the fruit bearing mother branch consistency of a 'trunk-shaped' grape vine in a northern soil-buried cultivation area. After the novel method for regulating and controlling the consistency of the trunk-shaped shaping and the fruiting mother branches is used for uniformly mixing, the main propagation length of the grape vine is smooth, the thicknesses of the front and the back are similar, no thick fruiting mother branches exist, and the consistency of the fruiting mother branches is good.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for regulating and controlling the fruit bearing mother branch consistency of a 'trunk-shaped' grape vine in a northern soil-buried cultivation area.
Background
In most northern grape soil-covering cultivation areas in China, due to the dry and cold climate conditions in winter and spring, the cultivation habit of adopting a dragon trunk tree form and covering grape branches and tendrils in soil for overwintering is extended for thousands of years. The trunk of the grape vine can be extended to a large space, and a grape cultivation mode of a northern traditional big and small shed frame structure, which is unique in China, is formed. Under the guidance of modern high-quality green high-efficiency cultivation concepts, managers firstly need to regulate and control the grape vines stably so that the grape vines grow orderly and have controllable rhythm, do not disturb long branches and leaves, have moderate yield and save labor in management, and therefore the regulation and control of the growth vigor of the grape vines are needed to be used as the core of production management. In order to better regulate the growth potential of the grapevine and adapt to the whole-process mechanized operation, the large tree body structure in a 'forward horizontal dragon trunk shape' and a comprehensive matched cultivation technology are adopted, so that the wide consensus is basically achieved. The method is characterized in that the fruit mother branches at different parts of the horizontal dragon trunk with different lengths are uniformly regulated, and the method is a necessary condition for producing fruits with good uniformity and high quality and simplifying branch and vine management.
When the traditional dragon trunk shape of the soil-buried cultivation area in the north is shaped, the fruiting mother branches have serious phenomena of strength at the top and weakness at the bottom due to different degrees of inclination (non-horizontal) of the dragon trunk, the fruiting mother branches at the middle and rear parts mostly adjust the angle and growth state of the new tip in a bow-shaped leading and binding mode, the middle and rear parts of the dragon trunk are mainly weak-removing and strong-leaving, the middle and front parts are mainly strong-removing and weak-leaving, and the consistency of the fruiting mother branches at all parts on the dragon trunk is adjusted according to the principle.
The method for regulating and controlling the consistency of the mother branches has the following defects: (1) the consistency of the growth of the bearing mother branches of all parts of the upper front, middle and rear parts of the trunk is poor, in order to avoid the strong polarity of grape growth, the middle and rear parts are mainly weakened and strengthened in principle, but because the main trunk is obliquely guided, relatively upright young shoots often easily grow on the inclined frame surface, even if the young shoots are arched and guided, the growth vigor of the young shoots is difficult to regulate and control, after a plurality of young shoots exist, the situation that the long trees on the trunk are difficult to control is extremely easily formed from the positions of the branch strengthening strips, the growth of other normal young shoots at the middle and front parts of the main trunk is seriously influenced, the trunk-shaped trunk body structure cannot be perfectly stored for years, or the main trunk is passively updated and cultured again, or a plurality of vigorous branch strips coexist to form a disordered tree structure of the clear main trunk, and great disorder is caused to production management. (2) The stability of the bearing mother branches of the trunk is poor between years, after the trunk is formed for many years, due to the problems of inclination angle and the like, once the bearing mother branches at the middle and rear parts of the trunk are weakened, the updating is difficult, a bald zone with few or no bearing parts at the middle and rear parts of the trunk is easily formed, branches which grow excessively are easily formed at the front end of the trunk at the moment, the typical situation of strength at the top and weakness at the bottom is caused, and the yield and the quality, particularly the consistency of the bearing at each part are difficult to control.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for regulating and controlling the fruit bearing mother branch consistency of a 'trunk-shaped' grape vine in a northern soil-buried cultivation area.
The method for regulating and controlling the consistency of the bearing mother branches of the dragon trunk-shaped grape vines, provided by the invention, comprises the following steps:
1) in the stage of slowly transiting from the base of the grape vine to the horizontal frame surface by inclining 10-15 degrees, no permanent fruiting branch group and fruiting mother branch are left, and only the fruiting mother branch is left on the horizontal trunk;
2) erecting the grapes at night after the grapes emerge, smoothly arranging main vines of the grapes in the planting rows, and enabling the air humidity of 0.5 m above the ground before and after the germination period to be more than 70% by using a spraying or dripping mode;
3) when fruiting parts or fruiting mother branches are selected and remained on the horizontal shelf surface, the proportion of the fruiting mother branches growing vertically upwards is 0-10%;
when the selection cannot be carried out at the empty position, the base twisting or pinching is adopted for the over-vigorous young shoots growing vertically upwards, the growth angle is adjusted to be the opposite direction of the main shoot elongation growth or the inclination angles at the two sides are 15-45 degrees, or the auxiliary shoots capable of opening the growth angle of the young shoots are reselected;
when the V-shaped and horizontal leaf curtains are adopted, except for the extension tip at the most front end of the trunk (namely, the extension tip is used as a new tip of a horizontally long main vine), the fruiting mother branch closer to the horizontal direction is selected and reserved on the horizontal trunk in the winter pruning period so as to reduce the vigorous growth momentum of the new tip;
4) and (3) uniformly mixing to obtain the thickness of the mother branches:
a. cutting the length according to the thickness when cutting in winter;
if the position is over-empty and the like, at least 3-4 buds of the thick mother branch are reserved when the mother branch is cut in winter;
b. only 1 bud or hidden bud is left when the weak mother branch is cut in winter to reduce the number of growing points at the initial stage of germination, and the bud picking is carried out in advance to concentrate the nutrition supply; for weaker fruit clusters which are not left, restoring the growth potential of the fruiting mother branches at the position, and culturing effective fruiting mother branches in the following years;
c. when the foremost extension tip is updated, fixed position updating pruning can be carried out according to growth vigor, an annual branch with 2-6 buds is pruned in winter every year, and updating pruning with multiple years of return is carried out at a relatively fixed position;
5) individual vigorous young shoots are slightly regulated:
for the mother branches with excessively strong vigorous results appearing on extremely individual positions, when the mother branches still have excessively strong effects after the tip fixing is finished by adopting the steps 3) and 4), when the mother branches grow to 30-50 cm, the mother branches are twisted slightly from the internodes of the 2 nd-4 th nodes of the base part, the medulla part is twisted, the capability of supplying and dredging water and nutrient substances upwards is weakened, the growth potential of the mother branches is weakened, and the effect of individually adjusting the thicknesses of the mother branches with strong results is achieved.
According to the method, in the step 1), only the fruiting mother branches are left on the horizontal trunk, a 'forward horizontal trunk shape' tree shape of a large tree body structure is adopted, no permanent fruiting branch group and fruiting mother branches are left in the stage that the base part is obliquely transited to the horizontal frame surface, and the fruiting mother branches are only left on the horizontal trunk;
the step 2) can improve the uniformity of germination and growth, and lays a foundation for the subsequent uniform growth vigor of the young shoots at each part;
and 3) in the pinching step, pinching is carried out by removing the tip of the main tip early or only reserving 2-4 sections of the base part for pinching later, and selecting after promoting the germination of the 2-4 auxiliary tips of the base part.
In the step 4), the thickness of the thick mother branch is more than or equal to 1.0 cm;
the thickness of the mother branch of the weak is less than 0.6 cm;
the thickness of the normal thickness mother branch is 0.6-1.0 cm, and the length of the cut mother branch is 2-3 buds.
In addition, the application of the method in grape cultivation also belongs to the protection scope of the invention. Wherein the grape cultivation area is a northern soil-buried cultivation area.
After the novel method for regulating and controlling the consistency of the trunk-shaped shaping and the fruiting mother branches is used for uniformly mixing, the main propagation length of the grape vine is smooth, the thicknesses of the front and the back are similar, no thick fruiting mother branches exist, and the consistency of the fruiting mother branches is good.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a comparison of the results of example 1 before and after the parent branch was homogenized.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples. The method is a conventional method unless otherwise specified. The starting materials are commercially available from the open literature unless otherwise specified.
Examples 1,
In the Pinggu test base of agriculture and forestry academy of sciences in Beijing, varieties of 'Ruidexiangyu' and 'Ruidehongyu' are selected, and a new method based on dragon trunk shaping and result mother branch consistency regulation is applied.
The method for regulating and controlling the fruit bearing mother branch consistency of the 'trunk-shaped' grapevine in the northern soil-buried cultivation area comprises the following steps:
1) the method is characterized in that a permanent fruiting branch group and a fruiting mother branch are not reserved at the stage of transition from the base of the grape vine to the horizontal frame surface by inclining 15 degrees, and the fruiting mother branch is reserved on the horizontal trunk only;
2) erecting the grapes at night after the grapes emerge, smoothly arranging main vines of the grapes in the planting rows, and enabling the air humidity of 0.5 m above the ground before and after the germination period to be more than 70% by using a spraying or dripping mode;
3) when fruiting parts or fruiting mother branches are selected and remained on the horizontal shelf surface, the proportion of the fruiting mother branches growing vertically upwards is 0-10%;
when the selection cannot be carried out at the empty position, the base twisting or pinching is adopted for the over-vigorous young shoots growing vertically upwards, the growth angle is adjusted to be the opposite direction of the main shoot elongation growth or the inclination angles at the two sides are 15-45 degrees, or the auxiliary shoots capable of opening the growth angle of the young shoots are reselected; the pinching is to remove the tip of the main tip early or leave only 2-4 sections of the base part for pinching again when the tip is removed later, and promote the germination of the auxiliary tip 2-4 sections of the base part for selection;
when the V-shaped and horizontal leaf curtains are adopted, except for the extension tip at the most front end of the trunk (namely, the extension tip is used as a new tip of a horizontally long main vine), the fruiting mother branch closer to the horizontal direction is selected and reserved on the horizontal trunk in the winter pruning period so as to reduce the vigorous growth momentum of the new tip;
4) and (3) uniformly mixing to obtain the thickness of the mother branches:
a. cutting the length according to the thickness when cutting in winter;
if the position is over-empty and the like, at least 3-4 buds of the thick mother branch are reserved when the mother branch is cut in winter;
the thickness of the thick mother branch is more than or equal to 1.0 cm;
the thickness of the mother branch of the weak is less than 0.6 cm;
the thickness of the normal-thickness mother branch is 0.6-1.0 cm, and the length of the cut mother branch is 2-3 buds;
b. only 1 bud or hidden bud is left when the weak mother branch is cut in winter to reduce the number of growing points at the initial stage of germination, and the bud picking is carried out in advance to concentrate the nutrition supply; for weaker fruit clusters which are not left, restoring the growth potential of the fruiting mother branches at the position, and culturing effective fruiting mother branches in the following years;
c. when the foremost extension tip is updated, fixed position updating pruning can be carried out according to growth vigor, an annual branch with 2-6 buds is pruned in winter every year, and updating pruning with multiple years of return is carried out at a relatively fixed position;
5) individual vigorous young shoots are slightly regulated:
for the mother branches with excessively strong vigorous results appearing on extremely individual positions, when the mother branches still have excessively strong effects after the tip fixing is finished by adopting the steps 3) and 4), when the mother branches grow to 30-50 cm, the mother branches are twisted slightly from the internodes of the 2 nd-4 th nodes of the base part, the medulla part is twisted, the capability of supplying and dredging water and nutrient substances upwards is weakened, the growth potential of the mother branches is weakened, and the effect of individually adjusting the thicknesses of the mother branches with strong results is achieved.
FIG. 1 is a comparison of the results of example 1 before and after the parent branch was homogenized. The left part is that before even mixing, the number of upright big fruiting mother branches is large, the extension growth of the main trunk is limited, and the fruiting mother branches have poor consistency; and after the uniform adjustment, the main vines are smoothly prolonged, the thicknesses of the front vines and the rear vines are similar, no thick fruiting mother branches exist, and the uniformity of the fruiting mother branches is good.
Claims (6)
1. A method for regulating and controlling the consistency of fruiting mother branches of a dragon trunk-shaped grape vine comprises the following steps:
1) no permanent fruiting branch group and fruiting mother branch are reserved at the stage of transition from the base of the grape vine to the horizontal frame surface by inclining 10-15 degrees, and only the fruiting mother branch is reserved on the horizontal trunk;
2) erecting the grapes at night after the grapes emerge, smoothly arranging main vines of the grapes in the planting rows, and enabling the relative humidity of air 0.5 m above the ground before and after the germination period to be more than 70% by using a spraying or dripping mode;
3) when fruiting parts or fruiting mother branches are selected and remained on the horizontal shelf surface, the proportion of the fruiting mother branches growing vertically upwards is 0-10%;
when the selection cannot be carried out at the empty position, the base twisting or pinching is adopted for the over-vigorous young shoots growing vertically upwards, the growth angle is adjusted to be the opposite direction of the main shoot elongation growth or the inclination angles at the two sides are 15-45 degrees, or the auxiliary shoots capable of opening the growth angle of the young shoots are reselected;
when the V-shaped and horizontal leaf screens are adopted, except for the extension tip at the most front end of the trunk, fruiting mother branches closer to the horizontal direction are selected and reserved on the horizontal trunk in the winter pruning period;
4) and (3) uniformly mixing to obtain the thickness of the mother branches:
a. cutting the length according to the thickness when cutting in winter;
if the position is over empty, at least 3-4 buds are reserved when the thick mother branch is cut in winter;
b. only 1 bud or hidden bud is left when the mother branch of the weak is cut in winter; for weaker ones, no ears remain;
c. when the foremost extension tip is renewed, an annual branch with 2-6 buds is cut at the front part when the extension tip is cut in winter every year, and the renewal cutting is carried out for a plurality of years at a relatively fixed position;
5) individual vigorous young shoots are twisted and regulated:
for the mother branches with excessively strong vigorous results appearing in extremely individual positions, when the mother branches still have excessive vigorous results after the end fixing is completed by adopting the steps 3) and 4), when the mother branches grow to 30-50 cm, the mother branches are twisted from the internodes of the 2 nd-4 th nodes of the base part, and the medullary part is twisted.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step 3), in the pinching step, pinching is carried out by removing the tip of the main tip early or only reserving 2-4 sections of the base part for pinching again when the tip is carried out later, and selecting after promoting the germination of the auxiliary tip at the 2-4 sections of the base part.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: in the step 4), the thickness of the thick mother branch is more than or equal to 1.0 cm;
the thickness of the mother branch of the weak is less than 0.6 cm;
the thickness of the normal thickness mother branch is 0.6-1.0 cm, and the length of the cut mother branch is 2-3 buds.
4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the grape cultivation area is a northern soil-buried cultivation area.
5. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in viticulture.
6. Use according to claim 5, characterized in that: the grape cultivation area is a northern soil-buried cultivation area.
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| CN103907499A (en) * | 2014-04-01 | 2014-07-09 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Trellis viticulture method suitable for alpine region |
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| CN109729910A (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2019-05-10 | 北京市林业果树科学研究院 | The long main stem fast culture process of native cultivation area grape horizontal is buried in a kind of north |
| CN109729909A (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2019-05-10 | 北京市林业果树科学研究院 | A method of burying native cultivation area grape main stem base portion angle in the adjustment north |
| CN111279969A (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2020-06-16 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | Labor-saving and early-yielding pruning method for northern rose grapes suitable for northeast regions |
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- 2020-07-21 CN CN202010704533.3A patent/CN111820067B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103907499A (en) * | 2014-04-01 | 2014-07-09 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Trellis viticulture method suitable for alpine region |
| CN107278789A (en) * | 2017-07-06 | 2017-10-24 | 山西省农业科学院果树研究所 | The tree-like and pruning technique of heliogreenhouse grape cylinder |
| CN108605643A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-10-02 | 李军 | A kind of training technique of vinifera plantation |
| CN109729910A (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2019-05-10 | 北京市林业果树科学研究院 | The long main stem fast culture process of native cultivation area grape horizontal is buried in a kind of north |
| CN109729909A (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2019-05-10 | 北京市林业果树科学研究院 | A method of burying native cultivation area grape main stem base portion angle in the adjustment north |
| CN111279969A (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2020-06-16 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | Labor-saving and early-yielding pruning method for northern rose grapes suitable for northeast regions |
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