CN103053378A - Novel shed pear tree fruiting branch group and culturing method thereof - Google Patents
Novel shed pear tree fruiting branch group and culturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103053378A CN103053378A CN2013100106942A CN201310010694A CN103053378A CN 103053378 A CN103053378 A CN 103053378A CN 2013100106942 A CN2013100106942 A CN 2013100106942A CN 201310010694 A CN201310010694 A CN 201310010694A CN 103053378 A CN103053378 A CN 103053378A
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Abstract
The invention provides a novel shed pear tree fruiting branch group. The novel shed pear tree fruiting branch group comprises a rotary shaft branch 3a, a rotary shaft branch 3b and a fruiting shaft 4 which are sequentially born on a bough 1, a short fruit spur group 5 is born on the fruiting shaft 4, and an extensible shaft 61 forming a 60-degree angle with a shed and a straight extensible branch 62 are sequentially born at the tip of the fruiting shaft 4. The culturing method of the novel shed pear tree fruiting branch group includes: setting culturing time of a long fruiting branch group 2 and selecting twigs; culturing the rotary shaft branches 3; culturing and luring the fruiting shaft 4 of the long fruiting branch group; culturing short fruit spurs on the fruiting shaft 4 and the short fruit spur group 5; maintaining the fruiting shaft 4 of the long fruiting branch group 2 after leveling and putting the fruiting shaft 4 on the shed, and the like. The novel shed pear tree fruiting branch group is compared with conventional shed pear tree fruiting branch group, the service life of the fruiting branch group is prolonged to 6-8 years from 3-4 years of the conventional fruiting branch group, weight of single fruit of every 667m<2> is increased by 11.6-17.2%, yield is increased by 60.0-81.7%, fruit uniformity is improved, and trimming labor cost is reduced by 26.5%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to pomology, fruit tree field of ecology, particularly relate to a kind of frame pear tree fruit-bearing shoot cluster and cultural method thereof.
Background technology
Frame is tree-like, and to be the nineties in last century introduce relevant culture technique from Japan, at present in Jiangsu, province, the cities such as Shandong, Zhejiang, Hubei, Sichuan, Henan, Shanghai, Beijing, Chongqing have carried out the frame pear cultivation, area enlarges year by year.Facts have proved that frame shape is tree-like not only to have the windproof advantage, also in fruit quality, especially conventionally cultivate tree-like unrivaled advantage without frame having aspect the regularity of fruit, is important way high-quality, standardized planting.Then, also there are many technical problems in China's frame pear cultivation, and wherein maximum problem is exactly that output is on the low side, and China's frame pear tree average yield is still less than 2000kg/667m
2, significantly be lower than the traditional evacuation layering shape of China, therefore, how to improve China's frame pears yield per unit area and be the research of frame pear cultivation an important topic.
Fruit-bearing shoot cluster is made of jointly vegetative shoot and fruit bearing shoot, is pear tree result's base unit, and it cultivates to such an extent that fine or notly be directly connected to that can pear tree get bumper crops, stable yields.Fruit-bearing shoot cluster China pergola system is main direct giving birth to of adopting on the skeleton branch (major branch, secondary major branch) on fruit-bearing shoot cluster is cultivated, slow put into even up after spending added, lack corresponding supporting technology, mainly have at present following problem: the one, fruit-bearing shoot cluster and skeleton branch " principal and subordinate regardless of ".At present the tree-like fruit-bearing shoot cluster of frame is cultivated and general is directly selected sturdy long shoot to carry out at major branch, and its early yield is good, but as easy as rolling off a logly grows up to bough and form competition with the skeleton branch such as major branch, and affecting skeleton branch extends at the frame face; The 2nd, the fruit-bearing shoot cluster tip lacks elongated shoot.Owing to even up processing too early, fruit-bearing shoot cluster is " one " font at the frame face, and its back branch is many, and fruit spur forms poor, " front weak rear strong " phenomenon occurs; The 3rd, multiple axle result.The branch progression of fruit-bearing shoot cluster without limits, fruit-bearing shoot cluster again give birth to larger fruit-bearing shoot cluster, cause setting fruit position away from bough, fruit deformation is little, and quality descends, the rear portion closing of branch group, tip but has significantly " large empty ", and frame face availability is low, and frame pears output is difficult to improve; The 4th, the fruit-bearing shoot cluster life-span is shorter.The fruit-bearing shoot cluster normal operation senesced after 3 ~ 4 years, show as that setting fruit position moves outward, tip is weak, behind prosperous branch take out in a large number send out, the bud slight of stature; Or increase too fastly, and showing as the branches and leaves amount and increase sharply, base portion increases slightly, forms one " accurate skeleton branch ", has to upgrade, and causes the winter pruning amount large, and pruning the recruitment cost increases.The 5th, the cultivation of fruit-bearing shoot cluster and planting density and tree-like not matching.Japan is that traditional frame pear cultivation is national, adopts thin planting mode and three scaffold limb shapings, and the seeding row spacing of permanent tree reaches 8m * 8m even 10m * 10m, and major branch and given birth to secondary major branch, and the fruit-bearing shoot cluster inserted part is many, although higher (the every 1000m of per unit area yield
2Output 4 ~ 5t), but required year number of tree-like cultivation is long, fruit-bearing shoot cluster needs frequent updating (to upgrade once in general 3 ~ 4 years, minority kind such as good fortune water even every year all will upgrade), pruning technique is had relatively high expectations, pruning is taken a lot of work many, and along with the aging of China's agricultural working population, the fruit-bearing shoot cluster frequent updating obviously can not adapt to the under the new situation development need of China's pears industry.For the problems referred to above, the research light simplification, the Labor-saving frame pear tree fruit-bearing shoot cluster culture technique that tally with the national condition be China's frame pears industry development in the urgent need to.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of simple in structure, added rapidly, a kind of novel frame pear tree fruit-bearing shoot cluster cultivation results branch group and the cultural method thereof of long, the Labor-saving of high, the fruit regularity of output, service life, be applicable to adopt " both arms direct motion formula " novel frame of " three lines one side " or " two lines one side " Novel rack type tree-like.
A kind of novel frame pear tree fruit-bearing shoot cluster, comprise: being grown on the major branch 1 successively has rotating shaft branch 3a, 3b, axle 4 as a result, as a result on the axle 4 fruit spur group 5 arranged, as a result axle 4 tips successively have with flat frame face and be 60 ° extending shaft 61 and upright elongated shoot 62.
A kind of novel frame pear tree fruit-bearing shoot cluster cultural method comprises step:
The cultivation of A rotating shaft branch 3: major branch 1 added the evening up winter the previous year of " both arms direct motion formula " frame pear tree, eliminate all back buds on the major branch 1 behind the major branch elongated shoot cutting back, promote that next year branches out in the side position, for cultivating, rotating shaft branch 3a, 3b prepare; Major branch is added even up after during winter pruning in the 1st year " going directly to stay tiltedly ", " go a little less than prosperous the staying ", select major branch 1 cross section 1/2 with the golden mean of the Confucian school branch on the weak side at downside position or position, behind, stay 15-20cm to carry out " solely bud heavily cuts ", form one section stub, i.e. rotating shaft branch (3); For the side position branch of major branch 1 cross section more than 1/2, adopt " stake is stayed in the outside " pruning method to carry out " the bud position presses down ", row is cultivated again until side position or behind branch appear in major branch 1 cross section below 1/2 after;
B is the cultivation of axle 4 as a result: after " the solely bud " of the 2nd year rotating shaft in spring branch 3 sprouted, " raise and lure lead-in wire " 17 of utilization " three lines one side " or " two lines one side " novel flat shed frame type uprightly lures drew, and forms the 150-170cm long shoot; Autumn, the oblique pull long shoot was 60 ° of angle bondages on " raise and lure lead-in wire " 17 with the frame face, chose the light cutting back of bud the 2nd year winter at the 120-130cm place; The 3rd year season of growth is to slow the putting of 60 ° of angles of long shoot maintenance of light cutting back, on it give birth to fruit spur after, this long shoot becomes as a result axle 4, during winter pruning as a result axle tip pumping branch select the as a result of elongated shoot axle 61 of branch group of enriching shoot, as a result axle 4 base portion 95-100cm bondages in the frame face, are raised fruit bearing shoot axle tip 25-30cm and are 60 ° of angles, make on it elongated shoot axle 61 of giving birth to shape of being kept upright, the elongated shoot axle stays the heavy cutting back of the outer bud of 10cm choosing, removes competitive branch; With finger bullet fall back and fruit spur behind on the axle 4 as a result, adopt the fruit spur result of side position, form fruit spur group 5 behind the fruit spur;
C fruit spur group 5 cultivates the pruning with fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot 62: behind the fruit spur result on the 4th annual bearing axle, namely form fruit spur group 5 on the fruit platform, fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot axle 6a clip bud is taken out and is sent out fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot 62; At present drawknot fruit axle 10-15cm bondage of winter pruning is to the frame face, make its as a result the added length of axle reach 105-115cm, be on the frame of axle 4 as a result as a result part; Elongated shoot stays 10cm to select internal bud to make the heavy cutting back of clip bud during winter pruning, so selects the alternately heavy cutting back of the inside and outside bud of clip bud selection, and the prosperous branch of promotion clip is taken out and sent out, and keeps tip growth potential;
D prolongs the fruit-bearing shoot cluster method in 2 service lifes: the descendant erase all on the base portion 15-20cm rotating shaft branch 3; When there is prosperous branch at tip extending shaft 61 rear portions, bounce back to Wang Zhichu, keep tip growth potential; As a result axle 3 for the fruit-bearing shoot cluster middle part, when method is winter pruning as a result on the axle 4 descendant of pumping stay the blind joint stake of 2-3cm extremely to weigh cutting back to remove, as a result axle on the frame face and the bud on the elongated shoot axle 61 are all fallen with the finger bullet, and stay the standard of 1 bud by one-sided 20cm, stay the 1-2cm stake to remove fruit spur group 5 from base portion, the overstocked bud that flicks reduces result quantities and branches and leaves amount; Side position branch to sprouting on the fruit platform sublateral shoot sprouted on the fruit spur group 5 and the fruit bearing shoot axle 3 during summer pruning, when length reaches 20-30cm, stay two leaves to carry out extremely heavy cutting back in summer at blind joint place, 2-3 time continuously, blind joint place forms fruit spur then, form new fruit spur group 5 behind the result next year, removes all back branches;
Later stage of E fruit-bearing shoot cluster 2 prunes and update method: rotating shaft branch 3 diameters surpass 1/3 o'clock of major branch (1), and the sawed-off 1/3-1/2 of base portion at the rotating shaft branch 3 of fruit-bearing shoot cluster weakens its growth potential; From behind the fruit-bearing shoot cluster result the 5th year, according to the old and feeble situation of branch, select major branch side position branch, behind branch to carry out " solely bud heavily cuts ", begin to cultivate new rotating shaft branch 3 and cultivate; After the fruit-bearing shoot cluster 6-8 aging, adopt " stake is stayed in the outside " method to carry out " bough renewals ", whole fruit-bearing shoot cluster 2 is removed from base portion, by new fruit-bearing shoot cluster replacement.
" stake is stayed in the outside " when being the vertical branch sparse branching of offside position pumping, being cut on the saw kerf back side and do not stayed kryptoblast, and the outside stays a taper pile to keep the branch thinning method of kryptoblast.
" the bud position presses down " refer to when the branch rudiment position, side position on the major branch not when major branch cross section 1/2 is following, adopt " stake is stayed in the outside " continuous sparse branching of method 2-3, force down the bud position of a lower kryptoblast.
" solely bud heavily cuts " method: refer to that major branch side position branch or behind branch stay 15-20cm to stay 1 bud to weigh cutting back, all the other buds of erasing.
" oppositely raising to lure and draw " method, is that a kind of branch when elongated shoot is sagging on the flat frame face lures and draws method, and method hitches the point in branch middle and upper part with two ropes, lures to the sagging rightabout both sides of branch and draws, and raises the branch angle.
" bough renewal " method, refer to the fruit-bearing shoot cluster aging after, utilize " stake is stayed in the outside " method saw to remove, keep outside kryptoblast.
" both arms direct motion formula " novel frame is tree-like, the high 1.2～1.3m of trunk, and 2 major branches are done without the center, and the major branch base angle is 45 degree, and two major branch direct motions are stretched in the ranks to the left and right.
" three lines one side " Novel rack type, refer to the flat shed frame type of the new and improved pear tree of a kind of pear tree, adopt the pear tree of this frame posture cultivation to carry out " wide strain narrow row " field planting, high 1.7～the 1.8m of flat frame face, direct motion is to setting up from the bottom to top three road iron wires on the basis of conventional flat frame, be that 30cm draws one roll off the production line i.e. " major branch position line " under the frame, be used for the major branch location, remove after major branch is added; One reach the standard grade i.e. " raise and lure lead-in wire " drawn in the 50cm direct motion on the frame, raising to lure and draw for the major branch elongated shoot; 1.6m sets up " bird prevention net line " on the frame, consists of " three lines one side " posture with flat frame face.
" two lines one side " Novel rack type is the reduced form of " three lines one side " posture, does not establish " bird prevention net line ", keeps by " major branch position line " and " raise and lure lead-in wire ".
Beneficial effect
1, the novel frame pear tree fruit-bearing shoot cluster of the present invention's proposition seems flat sleeping " 7 " shape from profile, because also claim to fall " 7 " shape fruit-bearing shoot cluster; Compare with conventional frame pear tree fruit-bearing shoot cluster, have the characteristic feature of " long shoot ", " single shaft ", " tip upwarps " and " thin and delicateization ", therefore also claim major axis " thin and delicateization " fruit-bearing shoot cluster.Its characteristics:
The one, directly draw short " long shoot ".Uprightly lure to draw and allow branch even up to form enough length before added, overcome conventional fruit-bearing shoot cluster and fall short of, the shortcoming that the expansion of frame face is slow.
The 2nd, " single shaft " result.On the fruit-bearing shoot cluster no longer give birth to new fruit-bearing shoot cluster, by the fruit spur result on the axle as a result, overcome the repeatedly overlapping closing of local branches and leaves, little, the of inferior quality problem of product qualitative change of fruit deformation that cause of branch result of conventional fruit-bearing shoot cluster, make more neat and consistent of fruit quality.
The 3rd, the end of the branch " upwarps ".The elongated shoot that is fruit-bearing shoot cluster " sticks up ", the growth shape of being kept upright, and the branch group is flat sleeping " 7 " shape after the winter pruning.Upright elongated shoot has played " nutrition pump " effect to whole fruit-bearing shoot cluster, can keep the tip advantage of fruit-bearing shoot cluster, overcome that traditional fruit-bearing shoot cluster tip is weak, the rear portion water sprout is taken out many problems of sending out, front and back growth potential is balanced, is conducive to delay the fruit-bearing shoot cluster aging.
The 4th, an axle " thin and delicateization ".As a result under the condition of axle blade quantity, for the major branch rugosity, fruit-bearing shoot cluster can be kept relatively thin rugosity the long period at control fruit-bearing shoot cluster base portion rugosity and middle part, is conducive to prolong fruit-bearing shoot cluster service life.Such fruit-bearing shoot cluster can be avoided and the major branch competition, is conducive to tree crown " principal and subordinate is clearly demarcated ".
Patent of the present invention solved traditional frame pears as a result on the fruit-bearing shoot cluster water sprout many, increase slightly too fast, with short problem in skeleton branch competition for nutrients, fruit-bearing shoot cluster service life, 3 ~ 4 year extend to 6 ~ 8 year by conventional fruit-bearing shoot cluster the service life of fruit-bearing shoot cluster, every 667m
2The fruit single fruit weight improves 11.6% ~ 17.2%, output increased 60.0% ~ 81.7%, and the fruit regularity improves, and prunes the amount of labour used and reduces 26.5%.
2, the cultivation of fruit-bearing shoot cluster of the present invention comprises that the added and result of the cultivation of fruit bearing shoot keeps two parts Fig. 2, the basic ideas that adopt be " in the control, in the limit, short outside ", namely carry out transition by utilizing golden mean of the Confucian school branch or weak branch to cultivate the rotating shaft branch, the measures such as the whole branches and leaves control base portion on it of erasing; For being positioned at the as a result axle employing " staying the continuous cutting back of blind joint " of fruit-bearing shoot cluster middle part, playing the fallen flowers bud, with the restriction middle part, also played the effect of " subtracting the leaf limit slightly "; In the cultivation of fruit-bearing shoot cluster tip, successively when the fruit bearing shoot axle is cultivated, uprightly lure draw, 60 ° draw that branch slowly puts into that Hua Houzai evens up, fruit bearing shoot axle tip raise lure draw, elongated shoot weight cutting back, promote the raising of the peripheral branch of fruit-bearing shoot cluster (tip) growth potential, kept whole fruit-bearing shoot cluster vigor; In addition, in a sawed-off excessively thick branch group base portion part of fruit-bearing shoot cluster later stage, be the control measure to whole fruit-bearing shoot cluster.Concrete integrated following 8 key technology:
1) " rotating shaft branch " culture technique.This technology is in the key technology of fruit-bearing shoot cluster base portion control.During conventional frame pear tree fruit-bearing shoot cluster, the branch except the back branch all can be used as the basal shoot that fruit-bearing shoot cluster is cultivated, and strong prosperous branch cultivation results branch group causes its over growth, affects skeleton branch and grows, and causes " principal and subordinate regardless of ", tree-like disorder.Patent of the present invention is in the cultivation of fruit bearing shoot axle, select major branch cross section 1/2 with the golden mean of the Confucian school branch on the weak side at downside position or position, behind, for the side position branch of major branch cross section more than 1/2, adopt " stake is stayed in the outside " pruning method to carry out " the bud position presses down ", row is cultivated again until side lower or behind branch appear in the major branch cross section below 1/2 after, changing " directly cultivating on the major branch " is " selecting ' rotating shaft branch ' transition to cultivate ", changing skeleton branch " cutting back is cultivated in the vigorous branches " is " side position; the golden mean of the Confucian school or weak branch heavily cut and delay cultivation behind ", the as a result axle age of fruit-bearing shoot cluster and major branch age differed 2 years at least, the rugosity that has widened fruit-bearing shoot cluster and major branch is poor, has reduced the competition of fruit-bearing shoot cluster and major branch; " rotating shaft branch " base portion does not stay branches and leaves, and strict " in the control " avoided the prosperous branch of base portion to produce, and has limited base portion and has increased slightly, thereby be conducive to nutrition to the tip transportation and prolong the fruit-bearing shoot cluster life-span.In addition, because the transitional function of " rotating shaft branch ", make as a result axle even up to become and be easy to the splitting phenomenon when having avoided the fruit bearing shoot axle to even up.This technology is first key technology of fruit-bearing shoot cluster " thin and delicateization ".
2) uprightly lure the technology of drawing.Conventional frame fruit-bearing shoot cluster all below 1m, is the lower major reason of availability on the frame frame generally.Patent of the present invention adopts uprightly to lure draws method and the branch on the rotating shaft branch is lured draws bondage on " raise and lure lead-in wire " of " three lines one side " or " two lines one side ", promote the branch Fast Growth, length reaches more than the 1.5m, this branch is slow puts into flower, even up and can capture fast the frame space of planes after added, simultaneously the branch taperingness reduces, make behind the as a result axle of this formation fruit-bearing shoot cluster can before and after the growth potential balance.
3) 60 ° of slow flower and added technology of putting into of angle.Slow the putting into of the as a result axle of fruit-bearing shoot cluster spends rear maintenance and flat frame face to keep 60 degree angles, and angle is not pulled open too early, and Cheng Huahou just evens up, and has kept the growth potential of fruit-bearing shoot cluster, promotes the formation of golden mean of the Confucian school fruit spur.This is that fruit-bearing shoot cluster is realized the key technology of " major axis ".
4) added rear " oppositely raise to lure and draw " to tip of axle as a result.After generally evening up fruit-bearing shoot cluster, the cultural method of conventional frame fruit-bearing shoot cluster stays upper bud cutting back, the tip self-sow, and after tip died down, water sprout was behind taken out and is sent out, and has shortened the fruit-bearing shoot cluster life-span.Patent of the present invention adopts the tip of fruit-bearing shoot cluster " oppositely to raise to lure and draw ", keeps the tip vertical, is flat sleeping " 7 " font to the right.Cutting back or heavy cutting back in adopting for the tip elongated shoot during pruning, by strengthening the tip growth potential of fruit-bearing shoot cluster, strengthen its tip branch " nutrition pump " effect, promoted smooth and easy the flowing of nutrient of fruit-bearing shoot cluster, reduce taking out of rear portion water sprout and send out, also improved the fruit single fruit weight simultaneously.This is the continual and steady result of fruit-bearing shoot cluster, improves the key technology in life-span.
5) summer in winter is in conjunction with " staying the continuous cutting back of blind joint " technology.This technology is used at the fruit platform sublateral shoot on the fruit spur group and the as a result processing of the descendant on the axle, " winter is from the base portion sparse branching " that changes traditional frame for the summer in winter in conjunction with staying the continuous cutting back of blind joint ", changing tradition, " to use hand pinching " be " carrying out the blind joint of base portion (staying two leaves) with pruner extremely heavily cuts ".Winter and summer is behind the blind joint of branch place " stay stake " extremely heavy cutting back, have kryptoblast pumping leafage branch or brachyplast near the blind joint, this sparse branching mode, can " little to change greatly ", reduced long shoot quantity (reducing too much leaf area), slow down branch and increase slightly, avoid forming competition with major branch, keep " single shaft " characteristic of fruit-bearing shoot cluster, also be conducive to keeping and promoting tree crown to enlarge of major branch tip growth potential, played very important effect for " thin and delicateization " of frame pears fruit-bearing shoot cluster; Simultaneously owing to promoted the formation of base portion fruit spur, shortened fruit bearing shoot and the nutrition transportation range between the axle as a result, be conducive to large fruit formation; Because the single shaft result, setting fruit position is stable, and the fruit regularity improves before and after the fruit bearing shoot axle.On the other hand, the summer in winter can also be controlled branch in conjunction with " staying the continuous cutting back of blind joint " method and take out and send out, and reduces to spend rear branch to take out in a large number to send out a unnecessary consumption that causes tree body stored nutrient, can play to promote the young fruit cell division, increases the heavy effect of fruit; The tree crown illumination condition improves, and leaf photosynthesis efficient improves, and the economic utilization rate of photosynthetic product is high, and leaf-fruit ratio drops to 25 ~ 30 leaves/really by 35 ~ 40 traditional leaf/fruits.This technology has fundamentally solved the back water sprout problem of fruit-bearing shoot cluster, and what form behind " stay stake " cutting back when winter pruning and summer pruning is a large amount of near the bud of axle as a result, has solved the problem of healthy and strong bud deficiency after fruit-bearing shoot cluster is aging.This is " thin and delicateization " that has promoted fruit-bearing shoot cluster, prolongs fruit-bearing shoot cluster second key technology in service life.
6) the quick bullet of the bud technology that falls.This technology had both reduced colored amount quantity and nutrient consumption, the fruit platform sublateral shoot pumping amount that reduced the coming year, and that had both limited fruit-bearing shoot cluster too fastly increases slightly, has saved again the artificial of Second Year flower and fruit thinning.This is " thin and delicateization " that has promoted fruit-bearing shoot cluster, prolongs the 3rd key technology in fruit-bearing shoot cluster life-span.
7) the sawed-off technology of fruit-bearing shoot cluster base portion part.In order to improve the as a result life-span of fruit-bearing shoot cluster, rotating shaft branch diameter surpasses 1/3 o'clock of major branch, and is sawed-off 1/3 ~ 1/2 at the base portion of the rotating shaft branch of fruit-bearing shoot cluster, weaken its growth potential, thereby the long period kept the growth potential of fruit-bearing shoot cluster.This is " thin and delicateization " that has promoted fruit-bearing shoot cluster, prolongs the 4th key technology in fruit-bearing shoot cluster life-span.
8) fruit-bearing shoot cluster is upgraded " bough renewal " method of employing.Change " retraction upgrades " for adopting " stake is stayed in the outside " to remove bough from base portion, avoided " retraction upgrades " method to cause the fruit-bearing shoot cluster base portion to produce prosperous branch and upset tree-like phenomenon.
3, the present invention has a new breakthrough in that Labor-saving is technical.Fruit-bearing shoot cluster major axis " thin and delicateization " can reduce the prosperous branch of excessive growth, prunes manually and reduces; Pruning technique is simple, and " tip is raised, blind joint cutting back is stayed at the middle part, base portion control is branched out ", thinking that need not be too much during pruning has improved pruning efficient.For too much bud, " finger bullet fall method " of employing improved winter pruning efficient, prunes recruitment and significantly reduces.
4, the present invention and Novel rack type, tree-like supporting and managerial skills match, and have formed the cultural method with China's frame fruit-bearing shoot cluster characteristic.The one, frame is tree-like matches in " three lines one side " or " two lines one side " Novel rack type and " both arms direct motion formula ".Take full advantage of " raise and lure lead-in wire " advantage parallel with major branch, the young sprout on " rotating shaft branch " on the major branch is uprightly lured draw, the maximum limit system improves single length, can capture larger canopy space of planes after setting level.The 2nd, match with small-sized frame tree crown.50 ~ 70cm of the one-sided spacing setting between the Japanese frame fruit-bearing shoot cluster shortened to 35 ~ 40cm, increased fruit-bearing shoot cluster on the major branch give birth to density, improve output by the method that improves branch density; The 3rd, match with the plantation density of seeding row spacing 4m * 3m.Because China's frame soil fertility is not as good as Japan, added rear branch is limited in one's ability in the extension of frame face.The as a result shaft length 1.2 ~ 1.3m of fruit-bearing shoot cluster, base portion 15 ~ 20cm does not stay branches and leaves, tip " upwarps ", fruit-bearing shoot cluster is to evening up the frame space of planes that can disposablely fill up after added in the ranks in the ranks, so greatly simplified the fruit-bearing shoot cluster incubation of frame pears, workable, the production that meets China is actual.
5, patented technology of the present invention is suitable for " both arms direct motion formula " tree-like cultivation mode of frame, and also can cultivate for the tree-like fruit-bearing shoot cluster of the flat canopy of common three major branches provides with reference to (change " raise and lure lead-in wire " uprightly lure to draw to assist to lure for bamboo pole draw).
Description of drawings
The novel frame pear tree of Fig. 1 fruit-bearing shoot cluster schematic diagram
1, major branch; 2, fruit-bearing shoot cluster; 3a, the fruit-bearing shoot cluster rotating shaft branch that side position branch is cultivated; 3b, the fruit-bearing shoot cluster rotating shaft branch of branch cultivation behind; 4, the as a result axle of fruit-bearing shoot cluster; 5, the fruit spur group on the axle as a result; 61, the elongated shoot axle of fruit-bearing shoot cluster; 62, the elongated shoot of fruit-bearing shoot cluster
The cultural method frame diagram of the novel frame pear tree of Fig. 2 fruit-bearing shoot cluster
Fig. 3 " stake is stayed in the outside " prunes with kryptoblast bud position and " presses down " process
1, major branch; 7, saw kerf; 7a, 7b, 7c refer to that the saw kerf behind " stake is stayed in the outside " saw branch moves down; 8, the stake bottom kryptoblast after " stake is stayed in the outside " prunes; 8a, 8b, the kryptoblast site of 8c saw kerf below moves down; 9a, 9b, 9c refers to respectively 8a, 8b, the side position after the 8c kryptoblast is sprouted or behind branch (being used for fruit-bearing shoot cluster " rotating shaft branch " cultivates); Cross section 1/2 line of demarcation of 10 major branches
Fig. 4 " solely bud heavily cut " method is drawn with uprightly luring
1, major branch; 3, " rotating shaft branch "; 4, the as a result axle of fruit-bearing shoot cluster (this figure is young sprout); 8c is through the kryptoblast site after " the bud position presses down "; 10,1/2 boundary of major branch cross section; 11, " rotating shaft branch " uprightly lures and draws the fixing point of rear bondage on major branch; 12, clip stays " solely bud " heavy cutting back; 13, the clip of heavy cutting back; 14, flat canopy netting twine; 15, the strop between " flat canopy netting twine " and " raise and lure lead-in wire "; 16, the added bondage point between " raise and lure lead-in wire " of branch; 17, " raise and lure lead-in wire " of " three lines one side " or " two lines one side " posture
Added the luring of branch in the novel fruit-bearing shoot cluster incubation of Fig. 5 drawn
1, major branch; 3a, the fruit-bearing shoot cluster rotating shaft branch of branch cultivation behind; The fruit-bearing shoot cluster rotating shaft branch that 3b side position branch is cultivated; 4a, the as a result axle (branch) of the fruit-bearing shoot cluster of branch cultivation behind; 4b, the as a result axle (branch) of the fruit-bearing shoot cluster that side position branch is cultivated; 6a, the behind elongated shoot of branch cultivation results branch group; 6b, the elongated shoot of side position branch cultivation results branch group; 14, flat canopy netting twine; 16, lure draw and " raise and lure lead-in wire " between the bondage point; 17, " raise and lure lead-in wire " of " three lines one side " or " two lines one side " posture
Fig. 6 summer in winter is in conjunction with " staying the continuous cutting back of blind joint " technology
4, the as a result axle of fruit-bearing shoot cluster; 5, the fruit spur group on the axle as a result; 18, " stay blind joint " winter and extremely weigh cutting back; 19, the kryptoblast young sprout is taken out and is sent out; 20a, vegetative shoot stays the extremely heavy cutting back of blind joint (" two leaves ") for the first time on the axle as a result; 20b, vegetative shoot stays the extremely heavy cutting back of blind joint (" two leaves ") for the second time on the axle as a result; 20c, vegetative shoot forms fruit spur group (state after the winter pruning) on the axle as a result; 21a, fruit platform sublateral shoot stay the extremely heavy cutting back of blind joint (" two leaves ") for the first time; 21b, fruit platform sublateral shoot stay the extremely heavy cutting back of blind joint (" two leaves ") for the second time; 21c, after the fruit spur group 5(winter pruning that fruit platform sublateral shoot forms state)
The quick bullet of Fig. 7 bud method that falls
4, the as a result axle of fruit-bearing shoot cluster; 5, the fruit spur group on the axle as a result; 22, play the fallen flowers bud; 23, the state that the bud bullet falls behind
The objective of the invention is to create a cover frame pears novel fruit-bearing shoot cluster culture technique, be applicable to adopt the cultivation of the tree-like fruit-bearing shoot cluster of " both arms direct motion formula " frame of " three lines one side " (or two lines one side) posture cultivation." major axis " refers to cultivate branch more than the 1.5m at major branch, on it give birth to the fruit spur group, no longer on it again give birth to the fruit-bearing shoot cluster result, therefore have " long shoot ", " single shaft " fruiting characteristic; " thin and delicateization " is the cultivation concept that this patent proposes first, it is slowly thick to refer to that the added rear branch of fruit-bearing shoot cluster increases, the major branch rugosity can maintain relatively " very thin " state the long period relatively, facts have proved that this class branch degree of lignification is lower, the result is stable, do not upset tree-likely, continuously bearing capacity is strong for many years at the frame face.
Embodiment
The cultivation of novel frame pear tree fruit-bearing shoot cluster is carried out as the basis with " both arms direct motion formula " is tree-like take " three lines one side " or " two lines one side " posture.The present invention is the specific descriptions at the tree-like fruit-bearing shoot cluster cultural method of the pear tree of having applied for " both arms direct motion formula " frame.
The test kind is the emerald green hat of south China frame pear cultivation kind, chrysanthemum.
The feature of novel fruit-bearing shoot cluster: fruit-bearing shoot cluster 2 direct give birth on major branch 1, formed by " rotating shaft branch " 3, " fruit bearing shoot axle " 4, " elongated shoot axle " 61 and " elongated shoot " 62.Long-shaft type, the long 1.2 ~ 1.3m of main shaft, elongated shoot 80 ~ 100cm, elongated shoot axle and elongated shoot are upright, and likeness in form is flat sleeping " 7 " shape to the right, evenly on the fruit-bearing shoot cluster axle give birth to the fruit spur group, " single shaft " branch does not utilize the branch cultivation results branch group again on the fruit-bearing shoot cluster; Fruit-bearing shoot cluster taperingness difference is little, and the growth golden mean of the Confucian school increases slowly thick, the diameter control of " rotating shaft branch " major branch 1/3 in, the ratio of " as a result axle " tip rugosity/base portion rugosity is greater than 60%, and fruit-bearing shoot cluster is vertical with major branch to be stretched in the ranks, and the one-sided spacing of fruit-bearing shoot cluster on major branch is 35 ~ 40cm.
The culture technique of the novel fruit-bearing shoot cluster of frame pear tree is as follows:
(1) cultivation of rotating shaft branch: added the evening up winter the previous year of major branch of " both arms direct motion formula " frame pear tree, eliminate all back buds on the major branch behind the elongated shoot cutting back of major branch 1, promote that next year branches out in the side position, be rotating shaft branch 3a, 3b cultivates and prepares; Major branch is added even up after during winter pruning in the 1st year " going directly to stay tiltedly ", " go a little less than prosperous the staying ", select major branch cross section 1/2 with downside position or the golden mean of the Confucian school branch cultivation on the weak side at position behind, for the side position branch of major branch cross section more than 1/2, adopt " stake is stayed in the outside " pruning method to carry out " the bud position presses down " Fig. 3, row is cultivated again until side position or behind branch appear in the major branch cross section below 1/2 after.With direct added comparing after the branch pumping, the application of rotating shaft branch, the fruit-bearing shoot cluster main shaft age and the major branch age that make the rotating shaft branch go up life differ more than 2 years or 2 years, have guaranteed the superiority of major branch.Utilize the major branch cross section to occur side position or the rear cultivation results branch group rotating shaft branch of behind branch below 1/2, this is first key technology that fruit-bearing shoot cluster is cultivated.
The side position of selecting or stay 15 ~ 20cm to carry out " solely bud heavily cut " Fig. 4 behind, rotating shaft branch other bud except the clip bud of erasing is also erased without exception if there is summer kryptoblast to send forth branches, and forms one section without the branches and leaves stub, and this section stub branch is called as " rotating shaft branch " 3a, 3b.Because " rotating shaft branch " base portion does not stay branches and leaves, has limited base portion and has increased slightly." solely bud heavily cuts " is second key technology of patent of the present invention.
(2) the as a result cultivation of axle 4: after " the solely bud " of the 2nd year rotating shaft in spring branch sprouted, utilize " raise and lure lead-in wire " of " three lines one side " or " two lines one side " novel flat shed frame type uprightly to lure and draw, method is at first to draw branch next door and draw one from flat frame face to raising the strop that lures lead-in wire being lured, then progressively branch is strapped in Fig. 4 on the guide line step by step, forms 150 ~ 170cm long shoot.Raise and lure that to draw be the 3rd key technology of patent of the present invention.Autumn, the oblique pull long shoot was 60 ° of angle bondages on " raise and lure lead-in wire " with the frame face, chose the light cutting back of bud the 2nd year winter at 120 ~ 130cm place; The 3rd year season of growth drew short its of branch to become to spend to slow the putting of 60 ° of angles of long shoot maintenance of light cutting back.Form and to even up addedly when being winter pruning behind the bud, the elongated shoot tip is carried out light cutting back, continue to keep 60 ° of angles slow put into colored.On the long shoot namely become as a result axle 4 after giving birth to fruit spur.Keeping slow the putting of 60 ° of angles is the 4th key technology of novel fruit-bearing shoot cluster cultivation.The enriching shoot that selects axle tip pumping as a result during winter pruning is the elongated shoot axle 61 of branch group as a result of, with as a result axle base portion 95 ~ 100cm bondage behind the frame face, then raise as a result axle tip tip 25 ~ 30cm, make on it elongated shoot axle 61 of giving birth to by the shape Fig. 5 that is kept upright, the elongated shoot axle stays the heavy cutting back of the outer bud of 10cm choosing, removes competitive branch; With finger bullet fall back and the fruit spur behind of axle 4 as a result, adopt the fruit spur result of side position.Tip is raised and is lured that to draw be the 5th key technology of patent of the present invention.
(3) pruning of fruit spur group 5 cultivations and fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot 62: behind the fruit spur result on the 4th annual bearing axle, namely form fruit spur group 5 on the fruit platform, fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot axle clip bud is taken out and is sent out a fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot 62; Winter pruning is drawknot fruit axle tip at present, even up tip 10 ~ 15cm added, " oppositely raise to lure and draw " simultaneously extending shaft 61, make elongated shoot 62 be vertical, this moment, the added length of axle reached 105 ~ 115cm as a result, (" both arms direct motion formula " tree-like pear tree of frame spacing in the rows of planting is 4m to be result's part on the frame of axle 4 as a result, line-spacing 3m, every strain fruit-bearing shoot cluster is 1.5m to expanded range in the ranks, rotating shaft branch 15 ~ 20cm, axle overall length 120 ~ 130cm as a result, wherein 105 ~ 115cm is in frame face result, the axle tip stays 10 ~ 15cm to be 60 ° and tiltedly gives birth to states as a result).Fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot 62 stays 10cm to select internal bud to make the heavy cutting back of clip bud during winter pruning, like this elongated shoot 62 is selected the alternately heavy cutting back of the inside and outside bud of clip bud selection, and the prosperous branch of promotion clip is taken out and sent out, and keeps tip growth potential; Carry out middle cutting back or heavy cutting back according to elongated shoot 62 growing ways every year, adopts in case of necessity the racemosus cutting back, increases tip branch quantity, and " turn the master and change head " among a small circle can bounce back in the time of a little less than crossing.
(4) method that prolongs the service life of fruit-bearing shoot cluster: base portion 15 ~ 20cm rotating shaft branch 3a, the descendant erase all on the 3b is accomplished " in the control "; When there is prosperous branch at tip extending shaft 61 rear portions, bounce back to Wang Zhichu, keep tip growth potential, accomplish " before short "; As a result axle 4 for the fruit-bearing shoot cluster middle part, accomplish " in the limit ", namely limit middle part branches and leaves quantity, method is that the summer in winter is in conjunction with " staying the continuous cutting back of blind joint " method, during winter pruning as a result on the axle 4 descendant of pumping stay the blind joint stake of 2 ~ 3cm extremely to weigh cutting back to remove, side position branch to sprouting on the upper fruit platform sublateral shoot of sprouting of fruit spur group and the fruit bearing shoot axle during summer pruning, when length reaches 20 ~ 30cm, " stay blind joint (two leaves) " and carry out extremely heavy cutting back in summer with pruner, continuous 2 ~ 3 times, blind joint place forms fruit spur then, and form new fruit spur group Fig. 6 behind the result next year; Remove all back branches during winter pruning, all with the finger bullet Fig. 7 that falls, and by the standard that one-sided 20cm stays 1 bud, stay 1 ~ 2cm stake to remove the fruit spur group from base portion to the as a result axle on the tip frame face and the bud on the elongated shoot axle, the overstocked bud that flicks reduces result quantities and branches and leaves amount.The flower amount too much easily makes weak being difficult to of tree vigo(u)r recover; Flower measure that I haven't seen you for ages increases the branch Secondary Branch, and the increase of branch management workload also is unfavorable for keeping of fruit-bearing shoot cluster life-span.It is the 6th, seven key technology of novel fruit-bearing shoot cluster cultivation that summer in winter combination " staying the continuous cutting back of blind joint " technology and the quick bullet of bud fall.
(5) later stage of fruit-bearing shoot cluster prunes and update method: rotating shaft branch 3a, and the 3b diameter surpasses 1/3 o'clock of major branch, and basic sawed-off 1/3 ~ 1/2 at the rotating shaft branch 4 of fruit-bearing shoot cluster 2 weakens its growth potential; From behind axle 4 results as a result the 5th year, according to the old and feeble situation of branch, select major branch side position branch, branch carries out " solely bud heavily cuts " behind, begin to cultivate new rotating shaft branch and cultivate; After the fruit-bearing shoot cluster aging in 6 ~ 8 years, adopt " stake is stayed in the outside " method to carry out " bough renewal ", whole fruit-bearing shoot cluster is removed from base portion, replaced by new fruit-bearing shoot cluster.The sawed-off technology of fruit-bearing shoot cluster base portion part is the 8th technology of patent of the present invention.
" outside stay stake ": during the vertical branch sparse branching of offside position pumping, cut on the saw kerf back side and do not stay kryptoblast, the outside stays a taper pile to keep the branch thinning method of kryptoblast.
" the bud position presses down ": refer to when the branch rudiment position, side position on the major branch not when major branch cross section 1/2 is following, adopt " stake is stayed in the outside " 2 ~ 3 years continuous sparse branchings of method, force down the bud position of a lower kryptoblast.
" solely bud heavily cuts " method: refer to that major branch side position branch or behind branch stay 15 ~ 20cm to stay 1 bud to weigh cutting back, all the other buds of erasing.
" oppositely raise to lure and draw " method: be that a kind of branch when branch is sagging on the flat frame face lures and draws method, method hitches the point in branch middle and upper part with two ropes, lures to the sagging rightabout both sides of branch and draws, and raises the branch angle.
" bough renewal " method, refer to the fruit-bearing shoot cluster aging after, utilize " stake is stayed in the outside " method saw to remove, keep outside kryptoblast.
" both arms direct motion formula " novel frame Pear trees shape: the high 1.2 ~ 1.3m of frame pear tree trunk, 2 major branches are done without the center, and the major branch base angle is 45 °, and two major branch direct motions are stretched in the ranks to the left and right.
" three lines one side " Novel rack type, refer to the flat shed frame type of the new and improved pear tree of a kind of pear tree, adopt the pear tree of this frame posture cultivation to carry out " wide strain narrow row " field planting, high 1.7 ~ the 1.8m of flat frame face, direct motion is to setting up from the bottom to top three road iron wires on the basis of conventional flat frame, be that 30cm draws one roll off the production line i.e. " major branch position line " under the frame, be used for the major branch location, remove after major branch is added; One reach the standard grade i.e. " raise and lure lead-in wire " drawn in the 50cm direct motion on the frame, raising to lure and draw for the major branch elongated shoot; 1.6m sets up " bird prevention net line " on the frame, consists of " three lines one side " posture with flat frame face;
" two lines one side " Novel rack type refers to that " two lines one side " posture is the reduced form of " three lines one side " posture, does not establish " bird prevention net line ", keeps by " major branch position line " and " raise and lure lead-in wire ".
By above-mentioned test, the result shows: the novel fruit-bearing shoot cluster of frame pear tree is compared with conventional pear tree frame pears fruit-bearing shoot cluster cultural method, and 3 ~ 4 year extend to 6 ~ 8 year by conventional fruit-bearing shoot cluster the service life of fruit-bearing shoot cluster, every 667m
2The fruit single fruit weight improves 11.6% ~ 17.2%, output increased 60.0% ~ 81.7%, and the fruit regularity improves, and prunes the amount of labour used and reduces 26.5%.
The phase index of two kinds of frame pear tree fruit-bearing shoot cluster cultural methods sees Table 1, Fruit yield and quality index and the amount of labour used see Table 2.
The novel fruit-bearing shoot cluster of table 1 frame pear tree and conventional fruit-bearing shoot cluster characteristic are relatively
The yield and quality of the novel fruit-bearing shoot cluster of table 2 frame pear tree and conventional frame fruit-bearing shoot cluster and Labor-saving degree are relatively
The novel fruit-bearing shoot cluster of table 1 frame pear tree and conventional fruit-bearing shoot cluster characteristic are relatively
The yield and quality of the novel fruit-bearing shoot cluster of table 2 frame pear tree and conventional frame fruit-bearing shoot cluster and Labor-saving degree are relatively
Claims (10)
1. novel frame pear tree fruit-bearing shoot cluster, comprise: being grown on the major branch (1) successively has rotating shaft branch (3a, 3b), axle (4) as a result, described as a result axle (4) is being gone up fruit spur group (5), it is characterized in that: described as a result axle (4) tip successively have with flat frame face and be 60 ° extending shaft (61) and upright elongated shoot (62).
2. novel frame pear tree fruit-bearing shoot cluster cultural method comprises step:
The cultivation of A rotating shaft branch (3): added the evening up winter the previous year of major branch (1) of " both arms direct motion formula " frame pear tree, eliminate upper all the back buds of major branch (1) behind the major branch elongated shoot cutting back, promote that next year branches out in the side position, cultivate for rotating shaft branch (3a, 3b) and prepare; Major branch is added even up after during winter pruning in the 1st year " going directly to stay tiltedly ", " go a little less than prosperous the staying ", select major branch (1) cross section 1/2 with the golden mean of the Confucian school branch on the weak side at downside position or position, behind, stay 15-20cm to carry out " solely bud heavily cuts ", form one section stub, i.e. rotating shaft branch (3); For the side position branch of major branch (1) cross section more than 1/2, adopt " stake is stayed in the outside " pruning method to carry out " the bud position presses down ", row is cultivated again until side position or behind branch appear in major branch (1) cross section below 1/2 after;
B is the cultivation of axle (4) as a result: the 2nd year rotating shaft in spring branch (3) " solely bud " sprout after, utilize " raise and lure lead-in wire " (17) of " three lines one side " or " two lines one side " novel flat shed frame type uprightly to lure and draw, formation 150-170cm long shoot; Autumn, the oblique pull long shoot was 60 ° of angle bondages on " raise and lure lead-in wire " (17) with the frame face, chose the light cutting back of bud the 2nd year winter at the 120-130cm place; The 3rd year season of growth is to slow the putting of 60 ° of angles of long shoot maintenance of light cutting back, on it give birth to fruit spur after, this long shoot becomes as a result axle (4), during winter pruning as a result axle tip pumping branch select the as a result of elongated shoot axle (61) of branch group of enriching shoot, as a result axle (4) base portion 95-100cm bondage in the frame face, is raised fruit bearing shoot axle tip 25-30cm and is 60 ° of angles, make on it elongated shoot axle (61) of giving birth to shape of being kept upright, the elongated shoot axle stays the heavy cutting back of the outer bud of 10cm choosing, removes competitive branch; With finger bullet fall back and fruit spur behind on the axle (4) as a result, adopt the fruit spur result of side position, form fruit spur group (5) behind the fruit spur;
C fruit spur group (5) cultivates the pruning with fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot (62): behind the fruit spur result on the 4th annual bearing axle, namely form fruit spur group (5) on the fruit platform, fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot axle (6a) clip bud is taken out and is sent out fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot (62); At present drawknot fruit axle 10-15cm bondage of winter pruning is to the frame face, make its as a result the added length of axle reach 105-115cm, be on the frame of axle (4) as a result as a result part; Elongated shoot stays 10cm to select internal bud to make the heavy cutting back of clip bud during winter pruning, so selects the alternately heavy cutting back of the inside and outside bud of clip bud selection, and the prosperous branch of promotion clip is taken out and sent out, and keeps tip growth potential;
D prolongs fruit-bearing shoot cluster (2) method in service life: the descendant erase all on the base portion 15-20cm rotating shaft branch (3); When there is prosperous branch at tip extending shaft (61) rear portion, bounce back to Wang Zhichu, keep tip growth potential; As a result axle (3) for the fruit-bearing shoot cluster middle part, when method is winter pruning as a result the descendant of the upper pumping of axle (4) stay the blind joint of 2-3cm extremely to weigh cutting back to remove, bud on as a result axle on the frame face and the elongated shoot axle (61) is all fallen with the finger bullet, and stay the standard of 1 bud by one-sided 20cm, stay the 1-2cm stake to remove fruit spur group (5) from base portion, the overstocked bud that flicks reduces result quantities and branches and leaves amount; The side position branch of during summer pruning fruit platform sublateral shoot and the fruit bearing shoot axle (3) of the upper sprouting of fruit spur group (5) upward being sprouted, when length reaches 20-30cm, stay two leaves to carry out extremely heavy cutting back in summer at blind joint place, 2-3 time continuously, blind joint place forms fruit spur then, form new fruit spur group (5) behind the result next year, removes all back branches;
Later stage of E fruit-bearing shoot cluster (2) prunes and update method: rotating shaft branch (3) diameter surpasses 1/3 o'clock of major branch (1), and the sawed-off 1/3-1/2 of base portion at the rotating shaft branch (3) of fruit-bearing shoot cluster weakens its growth potential; From behind the fruit-bearing shoot cluster result the 5th year, according to the old and feeble situation of branch, select major branch side position branch, behind branch to carry out " solely bud heavily cuts ", begin to cultivate new rotating shaft branch (3) and cultivate; After fruit-bearing shoot cluster (2) the 6-8 aging, adopt " stake is stayed in the outside " method to carry out " bough renewal ", whole fruit-bearing shoot cluster (2) is removed from base portion, replaced by new fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
3. method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: described " stake is stayed in the outside " when being the vertical branch sparse branching of offside position pumping, being cut on the saw kerf back side and do not stayed kryptoblast, and the outside stays a taper pile to keep the branch thinning method of kryptoblast.
4. method as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3, it is characterized in that: described " the bud position presses down ", refer to when the branch rudiment position, side position on the major branch not when major branch cross section 1/2 is following, adopt " stake is stayed in the outside " continuous sparse branching of method 2-3, force down the bud position of a lower kryptoblast.
5. method as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3 is characterized in that: described " solely bud heavily cuts " method: refer to major branch side position branch or behind branch stay 15-20cm to stay 1 bud to weigh cutting back, all the other buds of erasing.
6. method as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3, it is characterized in that: described " oppositely raise to lure and draw " method, that a kind of branch when elongated shoot is sagging on the flat frame face lures and draws method, method hitches the point in branch middle and upper part with two ropes, lure to the sagging rightabout both sides of branch and to draw, raise the branch angle.
7. method as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3 is characterized in that: described " bough renewal " method, refer to the fruit-bearing shoot cluster aging after, utilize " stake is stayed in the outside " method saw to remove, keep outside kryptoblast.
8. as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3 " both arms direct motion formula " novel frame is tree-like, the high 1.2～1.3m of trunk, and 2 major branches are done without the center, and the major branch base angle is 45 degree, and two major branch direct motions are stretched in the ranks to the left and right.
9. " three lines one side " Novel rack type as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3, refer to the flat shed frame type of the new and improved pear tree of a kind of pear tree, adopt the pear tree of this frame posture cultivation to carry out " wide strain narrow row " field planting, high 1.7～the 1.8m of flat frame face, direct motion is to setting up from the bottom to top three road iron wires on the basis of conventional flat frame, be that 30cm draws one roll off the production line i.e. " major branch position line " under the frame, be used for the major branch location, remove after major branch is added; One reach the standard grade i.e. " raise and lure lead-in wire " drawn in the 50cm direct motion on the frame, raising to lure and draw for the major branch elongated shoot; 1.6m sets up " bird prevention net line " on the frame, consists of " three lines one side " posture with flat frame face.
10. as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3 " two lines one side " Novel rack type is the reduced form of " three lines one side " posture, does not establish " bird prevention net line ", keeps by " major branch position line " and " raise and lure lead-in wire ".
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| CN103262774A (en) * | 2013-05-27 | 2013-08-28 | 镇江万山红遍农业园 | Method utilizing pear trees to landscape |
| CN103430804A (en) * | 2013-09-04 | 2013-12-11 | 镇江万山红遍农业园 | Reshaping and cultivating method for peach tree with single trunk and two main branches |
| CN103733940A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-04-23 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Shed frame pear bearing branch group renewal method |
| CN104082085A (en) * | 2014-07-07 | 2014-10-08 | 句容市后白三水果品专业合作社 | Novel canopy frame and method for cultivating Japanese sand pears through same |
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| CN107750794A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-03-06 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | A kind of pruning method for strengthening frame pear tree major branch tip growth potential |
| CN107750794B (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2020-01-03 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Pruning method for enhancing growth vigor of front end of main branch of shed frame pear tree |
| CN114698482A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-07-05 | 何权 | Double-arm forward-walking type shed frame pear branch sorting method |
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