CN102119644A - Grape unburied cold prevention and overwintering and complete pruning cultivation mode - Google Patents
Grape unburied cold prevention and overwintering and complete pruning cultivation mode Download PDFInfo
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- CN102119644A CN102119644A CN 201010545085 CN201010545085A CN102119644A CN 102119644 A CN102119644 A CN 102119644A CN 201010545085 CN201010545085 CN 201010545085 CN 201010545085 A CN201010545085 A CN 201010545085A CN 102119644 A CN102119644 A CN 102119644A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a grape unburied cold prevention and overwintering and complete pruning cultivation mode. The cultivation mode comprises the following steps: adopting ditch planting, wherein fielding planting is performed according to line spacing; reshaping grapes, wherein the grapes have low trunks with single or double horizontal arms, the height of the trunks is 40 to 50 centimeters, and the horizontal vines are 40 to 50 centimeters above the bottom of ditches and are fixed on the first iron wires of trellises; adopting a V-shaped trellis forming mode, wherein first iron wires are arranged at a place which is 40 to 50 centimeters above the bottoms of the ditches, the trellis height is 2 meters, four iron wires are arranged, new branch tops grow upwards and obliquely along the V-shaped trellises and fall down naturally when growing to the tops of the trellises, and grape burying labor is saved; and after pruning in winter, covering a grass curtain which is 5 to 10 centimeter thick or other like cold-prevention materials on the horizontal main vines and adding a layer of plastic waterproof thermal-insulation material in snow areas in north Xinjiang province to ensure the grapes can overwinter safely. The overwintering problem of grapes is solved, pruning method is simplified, the grape yield and quality are stable, the comprehensive benefits are high, and the mode has a high promotion and application value.
Description
Invention field
The present invention relates to the fruit tree planting technique field.Specifically, the present invention relates to grape and exempt from the technical field that soil burial winter protection is survived the winter and supporting pruning is cultivated.
Background technology
The winter protection in winter of northern area grape is an important job, and whether winter protection work is proper, is directly connected to the key issue of grape safe overwintering.Major part is European kind in the grape of northern China plantation, the resting stage of grape, cold tolerance has certain limit, under the normal condition, the grape of cultivation in the production, its fully ripe dormancy twig can resist the low temperature about-18 ℃～-20 ℃, and root system can only be resisted-5.5 ℃～-5 ℃ low temperature; And grape rootstock is owing to plant and kind different, and its cryophylactic ability difference is very big.China's northeast ussurian grape root system cold hardiness is the strongest, the low temperature of ability-15 ℃, and offspring's cold hardiness of American-European grape and ussurian grape hybridization is all very strong.Utilize these cold-resistant stock grafting improved seeds, can reduce the thickness of anti-dry frozen ground in winter.The absolute minimum temperature of Xinjiang annual, South Sinkiang are below-20 ℃, and the temperature critical indicator of soil is all buried below-35 ℃ in the North SinKiang well below grape, and therefore, full boundary must bury soil and survive the winter.
Except that the mean value of considering absolute low temperature, also should consider rainfall in winter, the frozen soil layer degree of depth, wind, periodically the frequency that occurs of freeze injury, early winter and early spring variation of temperature multiple factors such as severe degree, these all are to determine whether grape needs the factor of winter protection.The grape winter protection can prevent from freeze injury takes place when grape from surviving the winter, and guarantees the yield and quality of grape in the coming year.
At present, the grape winter protection is because of the different different several different methods such as ground soil burial winter protection, ditching winter protection, plastic film winter protection, simplification winter protection method and local mounding of dividing with method of cladding material.Xinjiang mainly adopts the soil burial winter protection method to carry out surviving the winter of grape.Along with the increase of cost of labor, soil burial winter protection becomes the difficult point of the cultivation of grape day by day, and its production cost constantly increases.
In grape soil burial winter protection area, grapevine seedling needs undercarriage and puts on the shelf every year.Therefore, plant should keep soft limb system so that overwhelm winter protection.Existing application aborning strain shape more widely mainly is fan-shaped and imperial form etc.It is climing that many main climing fan-shaped plant have a plurality of masters, and each is main climingly to go up distribution lateral bine or direct give birth to fruit bearing shoot, and all branches and tendrils are fan-shaped distribution on the frame face.Because it is main climing more, generally can not form thick and stiff limb, to plant bury soil survive the winter very convenient; Upgrade than being easier to simultaneously.But the length of this tree-like because bearing basal shoot differs, the growth potential heterogeneity, in frame face distributing position instability, pruning technique is complicated, the yield and quality instability.
Therefore, research research is a kind of both had been suitable for easy winter protection technology and had cooperated easy shaping to have important practical significance.
Summary of the invention
Take the state of the art that soil burial winter protection is survived the winter and supporting pruning is cultivated at grape, the present invention aims to provide a kind of grape and exempts from the pattern that soil burial winter protection is survived the winter and supporting pruning is cultivated, remedying grape in the prior art takes soil burial winter protection to survive the winter and the grape of can not exempting of shaping buries soil and takes a lot of work, can guarantee the grape safe overwintering, with stylish shaping mode both helped winter protection also help improving quality be convenient to the management, method of operating is simple, solved the grape winter issue, simplified trimming method simultaneously, the vintage stay in grade, the comprehensive benefit height.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: plant by adopting trench digging, the line-spacing field planting, low dried single armed or the horizontal shape of both arms are adopted in the shaping of grape, adopt " V " shape built mode, bury soil and take a lot of work thereby exempted grape, after the winter pruning, at main straw screen or mat or other the similar coldproof material that covers the 5-10 cm thick on climing, snowfall district, North SinKiang can add lid layer plastics matter water-proof heat-insulation material on straw screen or mat, can guarantee the grape safe overwintering.
The present invention specifically provides a kind of grape to exempt from the pattern that soil burial winter protection is survived the winter and supporting pruning is cultivated, and may further comprise the steps:
1. adopt trench digging to plant, ditch depth 20-30 centimetre, wide 80-100 centimetre, press 2-4 rice spacing in the rows, the field planting of 2.5-3.0 rice line-spacing.
2. low dried single armed or the horizontal shape of both arms are adopted in the shaping of grape, do high 40-50 centimetre; Level is climing apart from bottom of trench 40-50 centimetre, is fixed on the first road iron wire of " V " frame; Cultivate 1 bearing basal shoot for every 20-30 centimetre level is climing, bearing basal shoot adopts two branch updating methods, and wherein brachyplast stays 2 young sprouts, and long shoot can stay 6-8 eye.Can adjust the quantity of bearing basal shoot and stay the bud amount according to breediness.
3. adopt " V " shape built mode, set up the 1st road iron wire for 40-50 centimetre, full frame is high 2 meters, sets up 4 road iron wires altogether; Young sprout is all grown obliquely upward along " V " shape frame as a result, and is sagging naturally to the back, top.
4. the winter protection of surviving the winter: after the winter pruning, at main straw screen or mat or other the similar coldproof material that covers the 5-10 cm thick on climing, snowfall district in North SinKiang can add lid layer plastics matter water-proof heat-insulation material on straw screen or mat.
By implementing the concrete summary of the invention of the present invention, can reach following effect:
1, the present invention can exempt grape and buries soil and take a lot of work, and can guarantee the grape safe overwintering, in the time of can avoiding soil burial winter protection simultaneously to the injury of grape branches and tendrils; Method of operating is simple, and is less demanding to professional knowledge.
2, the winter protection cost of surviving the winter is low, has reduced a large amount of artificial inputs, and coldproof material can use for many years.
3, the low flat shape pruning technique of solid carbon dioxide is simple; Tree-like being simple and easy to cultivated, and easily learns easy to operately, is convenient to penetration and promotion.
4, compare with the climing fan-shaped shaping of traditional many masters, this method shaping and trimming method helps improving the quality of grape and since fruit bearing shoot equal be born on the same horizontal plane growth potential unanimity, setting fruit position unanimity, thereby fruit quality is controlled easily; Yield and quality is stable, easy-regulating; Because sagging naturally behind the top of the trellis of shoot growth as a result, its growth potential can be decayed by nature, thereby the summer pruning workload is less.
5, the invention solves the grape winter issue, simplified trimming method simultaneously, vintage stay in grade, comprehensive benefit height.
Embodiment
Below, for embodiment the present invention is described, still, the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
All accessories selected for use among the present invention and instrument all are well known selecting for use, but do not limit enforcement of the present invention, and other reagent more well known in the art and equipment are all applicable to the enforcement of the following embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment one:
1. adopt trench digging to plant, 20 centimetres of ditch depths, wide 80 centimetres.By 2 meters spacing in the rows, 2.5 meters line-spacing field planting.
2. low dried single armed or the horizontal shape of both arms are adopted in the shaping of grape, do high 40 centimetres.Climing apart from bottom of trench about 40 centimetres of level is fixed on the first road iron wire of frame.Cultivate 1 bearing basal shoot for per 20 centimetres the level master is climing, bearing basal shoot adopts two branch updating methods, and wherein brachyplast stays 2 young sprouts, and long shoot can stay 6 eyes.Can adjust the quantity of bearing basal shoot and stay the bud amount according to breediness.
3. adopt " V " shape built mode, set up the 1st road iron wire for 40 centimetres, full frame is high 2 meters, sets up 4 road iron wires altogether.Young sprout is all grown obliquely upward along " V " shape frame as a result, and is sagging naturally to back, frame top.
4. the winter protection of surviving the winter: after the winter pruning, at main straw screen or mat or other the similar coldproof material that covers 5 cm thicks on climing, northern snowfall district can add lid layer plastics matter water-proof heat-insulation material on straw screen or mat.
By taking above-mentioned matching method, reached outstanding technique effect:
The present invention has exempted grape and has buried soil and take a lot of work, and can guarantee the grape safe overwintering, and method of operating is simple, does not need technical professional and technological means; The winter protection cost of surviving the winter is low, has reduced a large amount of artificial inputs, and coldproof material can use for many years; Shaping and trimming method helps covering winter protection, also helps improving the quality of grape and since fruit bearing shoot equal be born on the same horizontal plane growth potential unanimity, setting fruit position unanimity, thereby fruit quality is controlled easily; Yield and quality is stable, easy-regulating; Because sagging naturally behind the top of the trellis of shoot growth as a result, its growth potential can be decayed by nature, thereby the summer pruning workload is less.Thereby solved the grape winter issue, simplified trimming method simultaneously, vintage stay in grade, comprehensive benefit height.
Embodiment two:
1. adopt trench digging to plant, 30 centimetres of ditch depths, wide 100 centimetres.By 4 meters spacing in the rows, 3.0 meters line-spacing field planting.
2. low dried single armed or the horizontal shape of both arms are adopted in the shaping of grape, do high 50 centimetres.Level is climing apart from the about 40-50 of bottom of trench centimetre, is fixed on the first road iron wire of frame.Cultivate 1 bearing basal shoot for per 30 centimetres level is climing, bearing basal shoot adopts two branch updating methods, and wherein brachyplast stays 2 young sprouts, and long shoot can stay 8 eyes.Can adjust the quantity of bearing basal shoot and stay the bud amount according to breediness.
3. adopt " V " shape built mode, set up the 1st road iron wire for 50 centimetres, full frame is high 2 meters, sets up 4 road iron wires altogether.Young sprout is all grown obliquely upward along " V " shape frame as a result, and is sagging naturally to the back, top.
4. the winter protection of surviving the winter: after the winter pruning, at main straw screen or mat or other the similar coldproof material that covers 10 cm thicks on climing, northern snowfall district can add lid layer plastics matter water-proof heat-insulation material on straw screen or mat.
Embodiment three:
1. adopt trench digging to plant, 25 centimetres of ditch depths, wide 90 centimetres.By 3 meters spacing in the rows, 2.9 meters line-spacing field planting.
2. low dried single armed or the horizontal shape of both arms are adopted in the shaping of grape, do high 45 centimetres.Climing apart from bottom of trench about 41 centimetres of level is fixed on the first road iron wire of frame.Cultivate 1 bearing basal shoot for per 25 centimetres level is climing, bearing basal shoot adopts two branch updating methods, and wherein brachyplast stays 2 young sprouts, and long shoot can stay 7 eyes.Can adjust the quantity of bearing basal shoot and stay the bud amount according to breediness.
3. adopt " V " shape built mode, set up the 1st road iron wire for 49 centimetres, full frame is high 2 meters, sets up 4 road iron wires altogether.Young sprout is all grown obliquely upward along " V " shape frame as a result, and is sagging naturally to back, frame top.
4. the winter protection of surviving the winter: after the winter pruning, at main straw screen or mat or other the similar coldproof material that covers 6 cm thicks on climing, northern snowfall district can add lid layer plastics matter water-proof heat-insulation material on straw screen or mat.
Embodiment four:
1. adopt trench digging to plant, 25 centimetres of ditch depths, wide 80 centimetres.By 3.5 meters spacing in the rows, 2.6 meters line-spacing field planting.
2. low dried single armed or the horizontal shape of both arms are adopted in the shaping of grape, do high 45 centimetres.Climing apart from bottom of trench about 50 centimetres of level is fixed on the first road iron wire of frame.Cultivate 1 bearing basal shoot for per 25 centimetres level is climing, bearing basal shoot adopts two branch updating methods, and wherein brachyplast stays 2 young sprouts, and long shoot can stay 6 eyes.Can adjust the quantity of bearing basal shoot and stay the bud amount according to breediness.
3. adopt " V " shape built mode, set up the 1st road iron wire for 45 centimetres, full frame is high 2 meters, sets up 4 road iron wires altogether.Young sprout is all grown obliquely upward along " V " shape frame as a result, and is sagging naturally to back, frame top.
4. the winter protection of surviving the winter: after the winter pruning, at main straw screen or mat or other the similar coldproof material that covers 8 cm thicks on climing, northern snowfall district can add lid layer plastics matter water-proof heat-insulation material on straw screen or mat.
Claims (1)
1. a grape is exempted from the pattern that soil burial winter protection is survived the winter and supporting pruning is cultivated, plant line-spacing field planting, the shaping built of grape by adopting trench digging, it is characterized in that described grape is exempted from the pattern that soil burial winter protection is survived the winter and supporting pruning is cultivated and specifically be may further comprise the steps:
(1) adopts trench digging to plant, ditch depth 20-30 centimetre, wide 80-100 centimetre, press 2-4 rice spacing in the rows, the field planting of 2.5-3.0 rice line-spacing;
(2) low dried single armed or the horizontal shape of both arms are adopted in the shaping of grape, do high 40-50 centimetre; Level is climing apart from bottom of trench 40-50 centimetre, is fixed on the first road iron wire of frame; Cultivate 1 bearing basal shoot for every 20-30 centimetre level is climing, bearing basal shoot adopts two branch updating methods, and wherein brachyplast stays 2 young sprouts, and long shoot can stay 6-8 eye;
(3) adopt " V " shape built mode, set up the 1st road iron wire for 40-50 centimetre, full frame is high 2 meters, sets up 4 road iron wires altogether; Young sprout is grown obliquely upward along " V " shape frame as a result, and is sagging naturally to the back, top;
(4) winter protection of surviving the winter: after the winter pruning, cover straw screen or mat or other similar coldproof material of 5-10 cm thick on the level master is climing, northern snowfall district can add lid layer plastics matter water-proof heat-insulation material on straw screen or mat.
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| CN 201010545085 CN102119644A (en) | 2010-11-16 | 2010-11-16 | Grape unburied cold prevention and overwintering and complete pruning cultivation mode |
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102823487A (en) * | 2012-09-10 | 2012-12-19 | 马保良 | Method for cultivating new grape variety Bairu grape |
| CN103202195A (en) * | 2013-04-12 | 2013-07-17 | 张声凯 | Overwintering thermal sleeve for grape vine and overwintering thermal treatment method for grape vine |
| CN103299875A (en) * | 2013-06-19 | 2013-09-18 | 河北爱博欣农业有限公司 | V-shaped grape trellis and grape cultivation method |
| CN103548638A (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2014-02-05 | 河北省林业科学研究院 | Method for removing off grapes from shelves and overwintering without being covered with soil |
| CN103907499A (en) * | 2014-04-01 | 2014-07-09 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Trellis viticulture method suitable for alpine region |
| CN105993822A (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2016-10-12 | 山东农业大学 | Simplified grape cold prevention novel method |
| CN106258788A (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2017-01-04 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | The tilting being suitable to soil burial winter protection goes alone the cultural method that single armed Fructus Vitis viniferae is tree-like |
| CN108605644A (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-10-02 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | The Ping Chuishi pruning methods of the double season fruits of grape horizontal frame |
| CN109452060A (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2019-03-12 | 成都本真农业有限责任公司 | The suspension type long shoot fruit-bearing shoot cluster and cultural method that the double branches of one planting fruit-trees update |
| CN109769573A (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2019-05-21 | 宁夏艾克德机械制造有限公司 | Undercarriage does not exempt to bury native grape ecological cultivation method for mechanization |
| CN111264285A (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2020-06-12 | 宁夏大学 | Grape over-winter cultivation method without shelf and soil burying by using cold-resistant rootstock high grafting |
| CN112449979A (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2021-03-09 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Overwintering cultivation method for grapes in cold regions |
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| CN101485273A (en) * | 2008-06-20 | 2009-07-22 | 宁夏大学 | Grape soil-burry cultivation method without off-grape trellis in soil-burry winter-proofing region |
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Cited By (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102823487B (en) * | 2012-09-10 | 2015-06-10 | 马保良 | Method for cultivating new grape variety Bairu grape |
| CN102823487A (en) * | 2012-09-10 | 2012-12-19 | 马保良 | Method for cultivating new grape variety Bairu grape |
| CN103202195A (en) * | 2013-04-12 | 2013-07-17 | 张声凯 | Overwintering thermal sleeve for grape vine and overwintering thermal treatment method for grape vine |
| CN103299875A (en) * | 2013-06-19 | 2013-09-18 | 河北爱博欣农业有限公司 | V-shaped grape trellis and grape cultivation method |
| CN103299875B (en) * | 2013-06-19 | 2014-12-03 | 河北爱博欣农业有限公司 | V-shaped grape trellis and grape cultivation method |
| CN103548638A (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2014-02-05 | 河北省林业科学研究院 | Method for removing off grapes from shelves and overwintering without being covered with soil |
| CN103907499A (en) * | 2014-04-01 | 2014-07-09 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Trellis viticulture method suitable for alpine region |
| CN103907499B (en) * | 2014-04-01 | 2017-04-26 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Trellis viticulture method suitable for alpine region |
| CN105993822B (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2019-10-01 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of new method that simplified grape is cold-proof |
| CN105993822A (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2016-10-12 | 山东农业大学 | Simplified grape cold prevention novel method |
| CN106258788A (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2017-01-04 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | The tilting being suitable to soil burial winter protection goes alone the cultural method that single armed Fructus Vitis viniferae is tree-like |
| CN108605644A (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-10-02 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | The Ping Chuishi pruning methods of the double season fruits of grape horizontal frame |
| CN109452060A (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2019-03-12 | 成都本真农业有限责任公司 | The suspension type long shoot fruit-bearing shoot cluster and cultural method that the double branches of one planting fruit-trees update |
| CN109452060B (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2021-05-04 | 成都本真农业有限责任公司 | Suspension type long-branch fruiting branch group for updating double branches of fruit trees and culture method |
| CN109769573A (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2019-05-21 | 宁夏艾克德机械制造有限公司 | Undercarriage does not exempt to bury native grape ecological cultivation method for mechanization |
| CN112449979A (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2021-03-09 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Overwintering cultivation method for grapes in cold regions |
| CN111264285A (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2020-06-12 | 宁夏大学 | Grape over-winter cultivation method without shelf and soil burying by using cold-resistant rootstock high grafting |
| CN111264285B (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2023-12-01 | 宁夏大学 | Grape overwintering cultivation method without taking off frame and burying soil by utilizing cold-resistant stock high grafting |
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Application publication date: 20110713 |