CN109769573A - Undercarriage does not exempt to bury native grape ecological cultivation method for mechanization - Google Patents
Undercarriage does not exempt to bury native grape ecological cultivation method for mechanization Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of mechanization, undercarriage does not exempt to bury native grape ecological cultivation method, it is related to agricultural technology field, undercarriage does not exempt to bury native grape ecological cultivation method grape main stem not undercarriage after cutting for the mechanization, it is replaced burying soil with mechanization covering special-purpose thermal insulation, the insulation quilt of covering is thrown off in spring mechanization, harvest web-like simultaneously, ventilation save, and reuse for many years；Be not required to manually be unearthed and tie up it is climing, realize entire mechanization after, efficiency improve several times.Because not needing to bury soil, in the ranks weeding cloth can be covered in row, is finally reached high-quality, efficient, ecological, beautiful sustainable breeding objectives with sward.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural technology field, in particular to undercarriage does not exempt to bury native grape ecological cultivation side for a kind of mechanization
Method.
Background technique
The high-quality wine producing region of China concentrates on the north at present, and winter cold is dry here, and grape needs to bury native ability
It is overwintering, and annual unearthed expense of burying accounts for 1/3 of producing cost or more, and tight with working hour, needs to be completed in a short time, cause
Minimum areas is small per capita in China, and Production of Wine is at high cost, and the market competitiveness is weak.Therefore, each producing region researcher is to burying, be unearthed
Method is improved, and such as realizes some mechanical, replaces burying the methods of soil with covering, but use these technologies entering at present
Needed before winter the artificial unbundlings of grape branches and tendrils after trimming, undercarriage it is pre-buried after, soil or artificial covering are buried in mechanization, and spring is manually
It is unearthed, ties up climing restocking, be not able to achieve entire mechanization, it is still desirable to is a large amount of artificial.
It is existing to bury native overwintering technology operating process:
1, it keeps down the vines of a creeping plant pre-buried: after winter pruning, cutting off tied rope in main stem with scissors, it is pressed in by two people cooperation to same direction
On ground, in addition people's firming is pre-buried；2, machinery buries soil: burying indigenous equipment with tractor drive and pre-buried grape branches and tendrils are buried with soil
Firmly；3, mechanical to be unearthed: with mechanical curettage most of soil farther away from bar and vine shoot center line both sides before grape rudiment when the beginning of spring；
4, artificial to be unearthed: manually the earth removal on vine shoot being gone；5, it ties up climing restocking: main stem is bonded on one.
Existing overwintering technology has the following problems:
(1) increase direct production cost: the winter undercarriage of the prior art, pre-buried, spring such as are unearthed, tie up climing restocking at every work
It cannot achieve mechanization, fully rely on and largely manually go to complete, significantly increase labor cost, only this work accounts for entirely
1/3 or more of year producing cost；And bury, be unearthed during easily cause folding silk, disconnected bar and destroy irrigating facility etc., change bar, change silk,
It repairs irrigating facility and second year not only increases means of production cost with operations such as tied ropes again, and increase cost of labor；Stone
When waste ground orchard establishment more than gravel, it can all be planted after needing to screen out stone, increase orchard establishment cost.
(2) reduce income: bury unearthed various operating process will cause vine or branches and tendrils damage in addition whole strain it is dead
It dies, vineyard is caused to be short of seedling disconnected ridge, reduce yield, reduce income.Even if the new strain of after-culture can not also make up the old rattan grape years
The loss of intangible value brought by accumulating；High-power machinery is needed to be used as power because burying soil, so the area Mai Tu vineyard line-spacing at present
It is wider, at least at 3 meters or more, after realization does not bury soil, line-spacing can be reduced, increases plant quantity, increases total output and income.
(3) influence ecology: due to burying soil, vineyard in the ranks can not sward, and the annual winter buries the spring and goes out to destroy shape
At soll layer structure, easily play fugitive dust under strong wind, rain cause soil erosion greatly, seriously affect ecological environment.
(4) it influences indirectly: because weather limits, manually burying the needs that are unearthed and be completed in a short time, and manage field at present
Personnel amount is limited, and has and reduce trend year by year, so significantly limiting the expansion of each viny region cultivated area.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a kind of mechanization, undercarriage does not exempt to bury native grape ecological cultivation method,
Low for the above efficiency of management, the excessively high administrative skill of cost has invented one kind with foldable grape bar orchard establishment, winter pruning
Grape main stem still remains in wire drawing not undercarriage afterwards, be capped with macromolecule complex heat-preservation it is antifreeze overwintering, it is automatic in conjunction with mechanization
Put by, flanging, winding technology, realize soil burial winter protection area viticultural winter not undercarriage, exempt to bury soil cultivation and do mechanization operation,
It is finally reached high-quality, efficient, ecological, beautiful sustainable breeding objectives.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides technical solution below:
Undercarriage does not exempt to bury native grape ecological cultivation method to include the foldable grape bar toppled over for the mechanization, and grape bar includes
Fixed link and it is foldable topple over bar, between the two by connection axis connection, when planting bar, make foldable to topple over bar and can topple in the same direction；
Every a line hack lever ties up climing silk with multiple tracks and mutually contacts.After winter pruning or when spring is unearthed, upper bar is put into thread position of main stem, so
Afterwards the high molecular material insulation quilt that soil has same heat preservation, moisture-keeping functions is put down or packs up and buried with putting automatically, receive integrated machinery, it is real
Existing entire mechanization, undercarriage does not exempt to bury native grape cultivation method.
Undercarriage does not exempt to bury the vineyard and its operate in detail as follows that native grape ecological cultivation method is established for the mechanization:
(1) shaping and trim mode: this cultivation mode is single pergola cultivation, line-spacing 2.5m, 0.75~1.2m of spacing in the rows, " factory "
Font shaping, short cane pruning；Furrow planting, ditch depth 0.1m, the level planting if with the grafting of cold-resistant stock；(DB 64/T 1092-2015
Vinifera " factory's font " shaping technique regulation)
(2) bar away from: point-blank, bar is away from 6m for every row grape bar and grapevine seedling；
(3) bar gauge lattice and wire drawing: bar point fixed link and it is foldable topple over bar, the high 1.3m of lower part fixed link, under bury 0.75m,
The lateral wind resistance plate of welding one at subsurface 0.1m, face and row Xiang Pinghang when planting bar increase soil resistance, when preventing strong wind
Bar is integrally toppled over.Intermediate bar cross section is the U-shaped of 5.7cm × 4cm, is formed for hot galvanizing after the punch forming of 1.8mm thick steel plate,
There is a 10.0mm circular hole at 1.1m, fixing axle is used, this axis is used as to hang drip irrigation pipe silk simultaneously, finally away from groove face 0.35m；1.25m
Respectively there are a hanging wire point in place two sides, are used as to hang and tie up grape main stem silk, away from groove face 0.5m.The top long 1.4m of dumpable bar, it is most lower
There is the hole diameter 10.0mm at 0.05m, is connected as one with 10mm fixing axle and fixed link, and rotated with this.Two sides at upper 0.5m
Respectively there is a hanging wire point, respectively have hanging wire point every the two sides 0.15m thereon, the wire drawing for tying up grape young sprout is hung in Growing season, according to grape
Growing state, distance can be adjusted by the whole digit of 0.15m between wire drawing；It most one upper (silk is thick compared under) and is fixed wire, on bar
There is card slot to be linked together several bars of a line；Every row both ends are side rod, and to increase intensity, cross section is the U of 57mm × 40mm
Shape forms for hot galvanizing after the punch forming of 2.5mm thick steel plate, and shape and hole site are identical as middle bar；
(4) fixed earth anchor and wire drawing: at the outer 0.8m of side rod earth anchorage on ground moorstone, with wire drawing respectively with fixed link and
It is foldable to topple over bar and be connected, after winter pruning, before covering, first other silks on folding rod in addition to the fixed wire of the top are placed on solid
On the uppermost hanging wire point of fixed pole, the coming year realizes that young sprout is tied up in mechanization.Unclamp with the foldable wire drawing toppling over bar and being connected, pulling separately
One end side rod, in the case where being fixed wire effect above, make the intermediate dumpable part of hack lever around axis rotate in same direction after fall down, final bar
With 15 ° of ground level angle or so；And it fixes motionless under the silk and trickle irrigation silk of main stem；
(5) it covers dedicated quilt: after hack lever down, being covered with machinery on hack lever and vine shoot with polymer composite
It is made with the special-purpose thermal insulation quilt with 0.4m soil heat preservation, moisture-keeping functions, both sides are real with disc plough automatic turning soil pressure, to prevent the winter
Ji Fasheng freeze injury and spring stripping；
(6) before the rudiment of spring grape, with machinery by row winding insulation quilt, harvest it is rear, with machinery and burying native phase negative side
To another side rod is pulled, keep intermediate bar gradually upright perpendicular to the ground by fixed frame silk, fixed side rod completes receipts and worked.
It is using the beneficial effect of above technical scheme:
1, the winter not undercarriage, spring do not tie up it is climing: the prior art before burying soil, need manually to carry out it is pre-buried, be unearthed after manually tie up it is climing
Restocking, needs largely manually, that is, before machinery buries soil after winter pruning, cuts off tied rope in main stem, two people cooperation with scissors
On the ground to same direction pressure by it, spring manually ties up vine shoot on one.Grape main stem of the invention is solid always
It is scheduled on one, eliminates winter undercarriage, during the spring frame operation；
2, exempt to bury soil: existing technology is to bury soil with machinery, machinery is unearthed, what middle section did not went out after manually pressing
Soil is relied on and is accomplished manually.The present invention replaces burying soil by mechanization covering macromolecule composite thermal-insualting quilt, saves a large amount of artificial.
3, quickly and avoid damage to: the present invention topples over bar by foldable, realizes mechanization piling, makes to plant bar safety, letter
It is single, quick；Using the whole fixed wire drawing of special-purpose machinery pulling, completes hack lever and integrally topple over and stand straight；It is leading with mechanization
Operation eliminates the operations such as artificial unearthed and upper undercarriage, and the covering and winding work of insulation quilt can be rapidly completed, substantially shorten and make
The industry time improves minimum areas per capita, reduces production cost；All operations carry out in visible situation, reduce machinery to Portugal
The damage of the climing, bar of grape etc..
4, realize cutting down expenditures and increasing income: because not needing to bury soil, this method only screens out kind in orchard establishment on the plot for having a large amount of chads
Planting row stone can plant, and do not need to weed out full garden stone, can save 2/3 or more sieve stone cost；In addition, because not needing to bury
The field management such as spray, trimming operation can be completed in soil, small-power dynamic power machine, current 3 meters or more of line-spacing can be reduced, be increased
Add plant quantity, increases total output, additional income.Spacing in the rows 1m is such as pressed, single plant produces 3kg grape and calculates, the vineyard of 2.5m line-spacing
Per hectare than 3m can increase production 2000kg, and only this annual output withdraws insulation quilt cost.
5, upgrading and ecologic planting are realized: burying the spring because eliminating the winter and goes out, do not destroy soll layer structure, can be given birth in the ranks
Grass, not only increases grape quality, also protects vineyard ecological, realizes sustainable cultivation.
6, in the case where encountering the adverse weathers such as late frost, the present invention can receive insulation quilt by evening, and the mode of secondary ventilation prevents
Frost is endangered caused by grape young sprout.
Detailed description of the invention
A specific embodiment of the invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is that the present invention provides the structural schematic diagram of foldable hack lever；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that not undercarriage provided by the invention exempts to bury Growing season after native grape trellis restocking；
Fig. 3 is that not undercarriage provided by the invention exempts to bury the schematic diagram after native grape trellis winter covering；
Fig. 4 is bar toppling direction and mechanical farm work precedence diagram.
Wherein, 1- locks wire drawing card slot；2- is foldable to topple over bar；3- hanging wire point (every 15cm mono-)；4- connecting shaft；The Portugal 5-
Grape are colonized groove face；6- transverse direction wind resistance plate；7- fixed link；The top 8- folding rod return tensile spring；9- Growing season vertical；
10- winter puts down；The ground 11- moorstone；12- side rod lower part fixed link fixed wire；13- side rod top folding rod fixed wire；The side 14-
Bar；Bar in 15-；16- grapevine seedling；17- folding rod positions wire drawing；18- ties up grape young sprout two, three, four (can fall)；19-
Tie up climing silk；20- hangs drip irrigation zone silk；The in the ranks ground 21-；22- insulation quilt two sides firming；23- insulation quilt.
Specific embodiment
Undercarriage does not exempt to bury the preferred reality of native grape ecological cultivation method for mechanization that the invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings
Apply mode.
Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 show mechanization of the present invention, and undercarriage does not exempt to bury the specific reality of native grape ecological cultivation method
Apply mode:
As shown in Figure 1, undercarriage does not exempt to bury native grape ecological cultivation method to include the foldable grape bar toppled over for the mechanization,
Grape bar include fixed link 7 and it is foldable topple over bar 2, fixed link 7 and it is foldable topple over connected between bar 2 by connecting shaft 4, plant
When bar, make foldable to topple over bar 2 and can topple in the same direction；Every a line hack lever ties up climing 19 phase of silk with multiple tracks and contacts.After winter pruning or the spring
When season is unearthed, upper bar is put into thread position of main stem, then has equally with putting automatically, receive integrated machinery and put down or pack up and bury soil
It keeps the temperature, the high molecular material insulation quilt 23 of moisture-keeping functions, realizes that entire mechanization, undercarriage does not exempt to bury native grape cultivation method.
Undercarriage does not exempt to bury the vineyard and its operate in detail as follows that native grape ecological cultivation method is established for the mechanization:
(1) shaping and trim mode: this cultivation mode is single pergola cultivation, line-spacing 2.5m, 0.75~1.2m of spacing in the rows, " factory "
Font shaping, short cane pruning；Furrow planting, ditch depth 0.1m, the level planting if with the grafting of cold-resistant stock；
(2) bar away from: point-blank, bar is away from 6m for every row grape bar and grapevine seedling；
(3) bar gauge lattice and wire drawing: as shown in Fig. 2, bar point fixed link 7 and it is foldable topple over bar 2, lower part fixed link 7 is high
1.3m, under bury 0.75m, a lateral wind resistance plate 6 is welded at subsurface 0.1m, face and row Xiang Pinghang when planting bar increase soil
Earth resistance prevents bar when strong wind from integrally toppling over.Intermediate bar cross section is the U-shaped of 5.7cm × 4cm, is struck out for 1.8mm thick steel plate
Hot galvanizing forms after type, there is a 10.0mm circular hole at 1.1m, and fixing axle is used, this axis is used as to hang drip irrigation pipe silk simultaneously, finally
Away from groove face 0.35m；Respectively there are a hanging wire point in two sides at 1.25m, are used as to hang and tie up grape main stem silk 19, away from groove face 0.5m.It top can
Topple over the long 1.4m of bar, most descends at 0.05m to have the hole diameter 10.0mm, be connected as one with 10mm fixing axle and fixed link, and with this
Rotation.Respectively there are a hanging wire point in two sides at upper 0.5m, respectively have hanging wire point every the two sides 0.15m thereon, and it is new to tie up grape in Growing season extension
The wire drawing of the tip, according to grape growth situation, distance can be adjusted by the whole digit of 0.15m between wire drawing；It is most one upper (thick compared with lower silk)
And be fixed wire, there is card slot to be linked together several bars of a line on bar；Every row both ends are side rod 14, horizontal to increase intensity
Section is the U-shaped of 57mm × 40mm, is formed for hot galvanizing after the punch forming of 2.5mm thick steel plate, shape and hole site and middle bar phase
Together；
(4) fixed earth anchor and wire drawing: at the outer 0.8m of side rod earth anchorage on ground moorstone 11, with wire drawing respectively with fixed link
7 topple over bar 2 and are connected with foldable, and after winter pruning, before covering, first other silks on folding rod in addition to the fixed wire of the top are put
On the uppermost hanging wire point 3 of fixed link 7, the coming year realizes that young sprout is tied up in mechanization.It unclamps and the foldable drawing toppling over bar 2 and being connected
Silk pulls other end side rod 14, in the case where being fixed wire effect above, after rotating in same direction the intermediate dumpable part of hack lever around axis
Fall down, final bar with 15 ° of ground level angle or so；And it fixes motionless under the silk and trickle irrigation silk of main stem；
(5) it covers dedicated quilt: as shown in figure 3, after hack lever down, being covered with machinery on hack lever and vine shoot with high score
Sub- composite material is made with the special-purpose thermal insulation with 0.4m soil heat preservation, moisture-keeping functions by 22, and both sides are digged automatically with disc plough
Compacting, to prevent winter from freeze injury and spring stripping occurs；
(6) as shown in figure 4, before spring grape rudiment, with machinery by row winding insulation quilt 22, harvest it is rear, with mechanical and
Opposite direction pulls another side rod when burying soil, keeps intermediate bar gradually upright perpendicular to the ground by fixed frame silk, fixed side rod is complete
It is worked at receiving.
The above are merely the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art,
Without departing from the concept of the premise of the invention, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to guarantor of the invention
Protect range.
Claims (2)
1. undercarriage does not exempt to bury native grape ecological cultivation method for a kind of mechanization, it is characterised in that: undercarriage does not exempt to bury for the mechanization
Native grape ecological cultivation method includes the foldable grape bar toppled over, and grape bar includes fixed link and foldable topples over bar, the two
Between by connection axis connection, when planting bar, make it is foldable topple over bar and can topple in the same direction, every a line hack lever is tied up climing silk with multiple tracks and is mutually gone here and there
Even, after winter pruning or spring be unearthed when, upper bar is put into thread position of main stem, then with put automatically, receive one machinery put down
Or the high molecular material insulation quilt that soil has same heat preservation, moisture-keeping functions is packed up and buries, realize that entire mechanization, undercarriage does not exempt to bury soil
Grape cultivation method.
2. undercarriage does not exempt to bury native grape ecological cultivation method for mechanization according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the machine
Toolization not exempt to bury the vineyard and its operate in detail as follows that native grape ecological cultivation method is established by undercarriage:
(1) shaping and trim mode: this cultivation mode is single pergola cultivation, line-spacing 2.5m, 0.75~1.2m of spacing in the rows, " factory " font
Shaping, short cane pruning；Furrow planting, ditch depth 0.1m, the level planting if with the grafting of cold-resistant stock；
(2) bar away from: point-blank, bar is away from 6m for every row grape bar and grapevine seedling；
(3) bar gauge lattice and wire drawing: bar point fixed link and it is foldable topple over bar, the high 1.3m of lower part fixed link, under bury 0.75m, on ground
The lateral wind resistance plate of welding one, face and row Xiang Pinghang when planting bar increase soil resistance at 0.1m under face, and bar is whole when preventing strong wind
Body is toppled over；Intermediate bar cross section is the U-shaped of 5.7cm × 4cm, is formed for hot galvanizing after the punch forming of 1.8mm thick steel plate, in 1.1m
There is a 10.0mm circular hole at place, and fixing axle is used, this axis is used as to hang drip irrigation pipe silk simultaneously, finally away from groove face 0.35m；1.25m place two
Respectively there is a hanging wire point in side, is used as to hang and ties up grape main stem silk, away from groove face 0.5m；The top long 1.4m of dumpable bar, is most descended at 0.05m
There is the hole diameter 10.0mm, is connected as one with 10mm fixing axle and fixed link, and rotated with this；Respectively there are an extension in two sides at upper 0.5m
Silk point, respectively has hanging wire point every the two sides 0.15m thereon, hangs in Growing season and ties up the wire drawing of grape young sprout, according to grape growth situation,
Distance can be adjusted by the whole digit of 0.15m between wire drawing；Most one upper (silk is thick compared under) and it is fixed wire, has card slot by one on bar
Capable several bars are linked together；Every row both ends are side rod, and to increase intensity, it is 2.5mm that cross section, which is the U-shaped of 57mm × 40mm,
Hot galvanizing forms after thick steel plate punch forming, and shape and hole site are identical as middle bar；
(4) fixed earth anchor and wire drawing: at the outer 0.8m of side rod earth anchorage on ground moorstone, with wire drawing respectively with fixed link and can roll over
It is folded to topple over bar and be connected, after winter pruning, before covering, other silks on folding rod in addition to the fixed wire of the top are first placed on fixed link
On uppermost hanging wire point, the coming year realizes that young sprout is tied up in mechanization；It unclamps and the foldable wire drawing toppling over bar and being connected, the pulling other end
Side rod, in the case where being fixed wire effect above, make the intermediate dumpable part of hack lever around axis rotate in same direction after fall down, final bar and ground
15 ° or so of plane included angle；And it fixes motionless under the silk and trickle irrigation silk of main stem；
(5) it covers dedicated quilt: after hack lever down, being covered on hack lever and vine shoot with machinery and be made with polymer composite
With the special-purpose thermal insulation quilt with 0.4m soil heat preservation, moisture-keeping functions, both sides are real with disc plough automatic turning soil pressure, to prevent winter from sending out
Raw freeze injury and spring stripping；
(6) before the rudiment of spring grape, with mechanical by row winding insulation quilt, rear, opposite direction drawing when with machinery and burying soil is harvested
Another side rod is moved, keeps intermediate bar gradually upright perpendicular to the ground by fixed frame silk, fixed side rod completes receipts and worked.
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| CN112449979A (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2021-03-09 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Overwintering cultivation method for grapes in cold regions |
| CN112772262A (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2021-05-11 | 新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所 | Foldable grape trellis for grapes in soil-buried area and cultivation method of foldable grape trellis |
| CN115380747A (en) * | 2022-07-18 | 2022-11-25 | 宁夏农林科学院园艺研究所(宁夏设施农业工程技术研究中心) | Method for overwintering cultivation of grapes in northwest region without leaving shelves and burying soil |
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| CN107646511A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-02-02 | 王晗 | One kind can lodge grape trellis and its application method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112449979A (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2021-03-09 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Overwintering cultivation method for grapes in cold regions |
| CN112772262A (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2021-05-11 | 新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所 | Foldable grape trellis for grapes in soil-buried area and cultivation method of foldable grape trellis |
| CN115380747A (en) * | 2022-07-18 | 2022-11-25 | 宁夏农林科学院园艺研究所(宁夏设施农业工程技术研究中心) | Method for overwintering cultivation of grapes in northwest region without leaving shelves and burying soil |
| CN115380747B (en) * | 2022-07-18 | 2023-10-27 | 宁夏农林科学院园艺研究所(宁夏设施农业工程技术研究中心) | Method for overwintering cultivation of grapes without putting off frames and buried soil in northwest region |
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Application publication date: 20190521 |