CN111418432A

CN111418432A - Overwintering cultivation method for saline-alkali soil grapes without leaving shelves and burying soil

Info

Publication number: CN111418432A
Application number: CN202010272373.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王振平; 李栋梅; 王振莉
Original assignee: Ningxia Lanshan Jiaozi Winery Co ltd; Ningxia University
Current assignee: Ningxia Lanshan Jiaozi Winery Co ltd; Ningxia University
Priority date: 2020-03-31
Filing date: 2020-03-31
Publication date: 2020-07-17
Anticipated expiration: 2040-03-31
Also published as: CN111418432B

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for overwintering culture of grapes in saline-alkali soil without leaving a shelf and without burying soil, belongs to the technical field of grape culture, and aims to solve a series of problems that grapes in saline-alkali wasteland in a soil-buried cold-proof area are difficult to plant and survive, labor and time are wasted when the grapes are buried in the soil, branches and tendrils are damaged, the quality is poor, the ecological environment is damaged and the like.

Description

Overwintering cultivation method for saline-alkali soil grapes without leaving shelves and burying soil

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method in the technical field of grape cultivation in saline-alkali soil in a soil-burial and cold-proof area, in particular to a method for realizing the non-off-shelf soil-burial and cold-proof overwintering cultivation of grapes in the saline-alkali soil by locally improving the soil in the saline-alkali soil by utilizing a root zone limiting technology and wrapping scion branches by adopting cold-resistant and salt-resistant rootstocks for field planting, cultivation, high grafting, shaping and heat-preservation and moisture-preservation materials.

Background

China has 14.8 hundred million acres of saline-alkali soil, and is mainly concentrated in northwest, northeast, north China and coastal areas. Northwest, northeast and north China are used as important producing areas of high-quality grapes in China, large-area saline-alkali wasteland is not developed and utilized, and land resource waste is caused. The soil burying and cold protection in winter are also an important measure for the safe overwintering of grapes in northern China, are main fierce causes of ecological damage, and are important factors for increasing the production cost and causing the quality reduction of the grapes. Before burying soil and cold-proof in winter every year, the branches and tendrils of the grapes must be manually bent one by one to be tightly adhered to the ground and buried by soil, then mechanical soil covering is carried out for 60-80 cm in thickness to achieve safe overwintering, mechanical and manual soil removal and shelving are carried out in the second year, and only the process can be increased by 400 yuan/666.6 m²The labor cost of about 40% of the whole year, and only this work can cause mechanical damage to branches and tendrils and partial bud damage of about 3-5% of the year, which results in plant shortage and broken row and incomplete garden appearance. Moreover, the self-rooted seedlings are commonly planted in China, and the freezing injury of root systems in winter is serious, so that the yield and the quality of grapes are seriously influenced. In addition, the traditional improvement technology is adopted to improve and plant the grapes in the saline-alkali soil, the growth and development of the grapes can be met in a short period, but through the soil burying and cold protection in winter for many years, a large amount of un-improved deep saline-alkali soil covers grape branches and tendrils, the improved soil structure is damaged, the soil is repeatedly salinized, and the long-term normal growth of the grapes is difficult to meet. Therefore, a cultivation mode combining the once-for-all saline-alkali soil improvement and overwintering and cold protection without lowering the grape frame is sought, the saline-alkali soil grape planting concept and mode are thoroughly changed, saline-alkali soil desert resources are changed into high-quality grape production bases, the grape planting area is expanded, and the saline-alkali soil in the north of China is improvedThe income of farmers in the region plays an important role.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: aiming at the defects in the prior art, the method utilizes the limitation of the root zone to locally improve the saline-alkali soil, and reduces the soil improvement cost and the farming cost. And the complete technologies of local improvement of saline-alkali soil with brand new root zone limitation, field planting of cold-resistant and salt-resistant grape stocks, over grafting, pruning, wrapping of scion branches by heat-insulating materials and the like are provided for the saline-alkali grape planting in the buried-soil cold-proof area by utilizing the safe overwintering cold-resistant and salt-resistant grape stock over grafting, so that a series of problems of labor and time waste, cost increase, damage to branches and tendrils, poor grape quality, damage to ecological environment and the like caused by the saline-alkali grape planting and the off-shelf burying soil in winter are solved, and the non-off-shelf burying soil and cold-resistant overwintering planting of the saline-alkali grape in.

The technical scheme for solving the technical problem is as follows: the invention is realized by the following technical scheme, and provides a method for overwintering and cold-proof cultivation of grapes in saline-alkali soil in a soil-buried cold-proof area without getting off shelves, which mainly comprises the following seven aspects:

(1) the saline-alkali land root area limiting improvement method comprises the steps of firstly analyzing and measuring the salt content and the pH value of saline-alkali land soil, calculating the improvement amount of the saline-alkali land soil, enabling grape stocks in the improved soil to grow normally, secondly, digging planting furrows with the width of 60-80 cm and the depth of 70-100 cm according to the row spacing of 3.0-3.5 m, paving two sides and the bottom of the planting furrows with plastic films with the width of 0.9-1.3 m and the thickness of 0.08-0.15 mm (8-15 filaments), reserving 30cm of non-paved films in the center of the bottom of the furrows, using the planting furrows as drainage seams to discharge redundant irrigation water to form a groove type, or using bricks or other building materials to build a planting pond with the row spacing of 2.5-3.0 m and the plant spacing of 4.0-10.0 m, building a water gap size of 1.5-2.0 m in length, 1.5-2.0.0 m in width and 0.5-0.6 m in height, directly contacting the bottom of the planting pond with the ground, similarly using a nutrient film with the thickness of 0.08-0.15 mm (8 filaments) to fill the planting pond, and keeping the bottom of the saline-0.5 cm of the saline-alkali land soil uniformly or keeping the saline-alkali land soil with a mixed water hole, and the saline-alkali soil with the saline-alkali land soil, and the saline-alkali land soil in the saline-alkali land, and filling the saline-alkali land pond, and the saline-alkali land, and.

(2) And (3) cold-resistant and salt-resistant grape stock planting: the groove type and box-pool type improvement respectively plant the winter-crossing, drought-draining, cold-resistant and salt-resistant grape stocks (such as 1103P, 101-14, Riparia Glorie, 420AMGt, 196-17Cl, 161-49C, 3309C and hybrid vitis amurensis hybrids such as northern rose, northern red and levo-superior red) with the plant spacing of 1.0-4.0 m and the midpoint, grow annually, normally irrigate, fertilize, weed and pesticide, manage, and plant a bamboo rod or a thin steel bar with the length of 120-180 cm on each seedling side for binding the germinated branches and tendrils to ensure that the branches and tendrils grow vertically to form the grape stock land-setting seedlings (see the spring summer in the attached figure 1 and the attached figure 2).

(3) The grape variety grafting method comprises the following steps: in the current year of field planting, after the grape stock seedlings grow to be 80-150 cm high, when branches and tendrils are semi-lignified at the position 60-130 cm away from the ground, the top tips of the branches and tendrils are cut off (note: grafting at the same height must be selected in the same field, the height is preferably 70-110 cm), the needed grape varieties are grafted by adopting a green branch grafting technology, the grape varieties are cultured according to a grafted seedling management technology, newly-germinated scion branches are vertically bound on bamboo poles or thin steel bars, 3-5 full and mature winter buds are formed at the base parts of the scions in the current year, and simple package safe overwintering can be realized (see summer, autumn and winter in the second year of attached figures 1 and 2). Likewise, a hard branch grafting method may also be employed: namely, the method comprises the steps of culturing the seedling of the rootstock in the ground in the first year, cutting mature branches in winter by 70-140 cm after leaves fall in winter, performing hard-branch grafting in the spring of the second year by keeping the height of 60-130 cm, and normally culturing the seedling according to the hard-branch grafting (see attached figures 3 and 4).

(4) Pruning, namely after leaves of grafted seedlings of green branches in the first year fall, selecting and reserving 2-3 full and mature scions and winter buds for short pruning (see the attached drawing 1 and the attached drawing 2 in the second year in winter), selecting and reserving 1-2 newly germinated robust branches and verticals for each plant in the second year in spring (see the attached drawing 3 and the attached drawing 4 in the second year in spring), scientifically managing to enable grape branches and tendrils to be thickened, mature and aged to reach the expected growth height, after leaves fall in winter, cutting and reserving 50-120 cm mature branches and tendrils for standby (see the attached drawing 5 in the second year in winter and the attached drawing 6 in the second year in winter), removing wrapping materials before sprouting in the third year in spring, bending all the stocks to form right angles in the same direction at 10cm below interfaces, cutting and reserving 50-120 cm branches horizontally to tie the first branch to grow in the first year in flat and flat, and reserving a single branch before sprouting in the third year in spring for normal pruning, and reserving a tree form a tree shape, namely a single branch with a three branch shape, a three branch, a.

(5) Overwintering and cold proofing: after the leaves fall in autumn and winter are cut in the first year, the tree stocks and the scions which are resistant to dry and cold and salt are firstly coated with winter trunk whitening agents (the main components are lime, carbendazim, lime-sulfur agents, glue and the like), then the remaining scion branches and grafting openings are wrapped by cold-proof moisture-preserving materials for 10cm next, the wrapping is required to be tight, air leakage cannot occur (see the attached

drawings

1 and 2 for winter), and the traditional soil-buried mode can be adopted for safe overwintering in the first year. After the second year, after pruning and forming in winter, the trunk of the stock is also coated with a winter trunk whitening agent, and then all scions and 10cm of the stock below the grafting opening (see the second winter in the attached drawings of 3, 4, 5 and 6) or horizontal bearing branches and 10cm of vertical stock below the horizontal branches (see the third winter in the attached drawings of 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12) are coated with a cold-proof and moisture-preserving material, so that the package is required to be tight and not to leak air.

(6) Wrapping material: the packaging material is flexible, foldable, environment-friendly, durable, heat-insulating and moisture-preserving, and can be rubber heat-insulating pipes, heat-insulating black-core quilts, various composite heat-insulating materials and the like.

(7) Releasing and storing the wrapping material: before sprouting in spring every year, all heat-insulating materials are removed, normalized and ordered, bundled, stored in a storehouse, protected from light and moisture, the service life of the greenhouse is prolonged, and the greenhouse is stored in winter for reuse.

Has the advantages that: the implementation effect of the invention is mainly reflected in that: (1) a large amount of saline-alkaline wastelands in the north of China are changed into high-quality grape bases, and grape planting areas and planting areas are enlarged; (2) based on the root-limited cultivation technology, the accurate management of grape water and fertilizer is required, the integrated full-automatic irrigation of the grape water and fertilizer is realized, water and fertilizer are saved, and the pollution of underground water resources and lakes and rivers caused by excessive irrigation and fertilization is avoided; (3) the quality of grape fruits can be effectively improved through the limited cultivation of root areas, and the grapes are promoted to mature in advance: (4) the soil grass growing management can be realized, and the soil management is simplified; (5) ecological damage caused by soil burying and cold prevention of grapes in winter is avoided, and labor cost is reduced by about 40%; (6) the damage of branches and tendrils buried in soil in winter is avoided, the garden is tidy, and the yield of grapes is always maintained at a high constant level; (7) all daily management of the vineyard, including grape picking and pruning (summer pruning and winter pruning), can realize mechanized operation, reduce the production cost; (8) the grape pruning is simple and easy to learn, and is convenient for farmers to master and operate; (9) the heat preservation treatment operation time in winter is longer, so that the problem of labor shortage caused by traditional soil burying and cold prevention centralized labor can be avoided; (10) the use of a large number of machines such as tractors for burying and unearthing in winter is avoided, and the energy consumption and the environmental pollution caused by the emission of waste gas caused by the use of the machines are reduced.

Description of the drawings:

FIG. 1: schematic diagram of first-year groove type cold-resistant and salt-resistant grape rootstock field planting, growth, grafting and winter pruning, heat preservation and cold prevention

FIG. 2 is a drawing: box-pond type cold-resistant and salt-resistant grape stock planting, growing, grafting and winter pruning heat-preservation and cold-proof schematic diagram in first year

FIG. 3: schematic diagram of groove type cold-resistant and salt-resistant culture in first year, hard branch grafting, culture and winter pruning, heat preservation and cold protection in second year

FIG. 4 is a drawing: first-year box-pool type cold-resistant and salt-resistant cultivation and second-year hard branch grafting, cultivation and winter pruning heat-preservation and cold-proof schematic diagram

FIG. 5: schematic diagram of growth of second-year groove type grafted seedlings, winter pruning and heat preservation and third-year shaping fruiting conditions

FIG. 6: schematic diagram of box-pool type grafted seedling growth in second year, winter pruning and heat preservation and spring shaping in third year

FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the tank-type single-ancient-model L shaping vertical leaf-curtain result status and winter shaping heat preservation in the third year

FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the box-pool type double-ancient form L shaping ("T" -shaped) vertical leaf curtain result status and winter shaping and heat preservation in the third year

FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing the fruiting state of the box-pool type single guyote L shaping V-shaped blade curtain and the shaping and heat preservation in winter in the third year

FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing the fruiting status of the box-pool type double-ancient form L shaping ("T" shape) "V-shaped blade curtain and the shaping and heat preservation in winter in the third year

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the third year's trench type winter unicolor L shaping, winter insulation and fourth year's fruiting status

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the three-year trench winter dual-paleo-model L shaping ("T" shape), winter insulation and the four-year fruiting status

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention is further described below by way of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Example 1 (shaping with a grooved monocutlet L shape):

firstly, analyzing and determining the salt content and the pH value of saline-alkali soil, and calculating the improvement quantity of the saline-alkali soil, so that the improved soil grape rootstock can grow normally. Secondly, digging planting furrows with the width of 60-80 cm and the depth of 70-100 cm according to the row spacing of 3.0-3.5 m, paving two sides and the bottom of the planting furrows with plastic films with the width of 0.9-1.3 m and the thickness of 0.08-0.15 mm (8-15 filaments), reserving 30cm of non-paved films at the center of the bottom of the furrows, using the plastic films as drainage seams to drain redundant irrigation, and forming a groove type. Then, according to the salt content and the pH value of the saline-alkali soil, uniformly mixing the saline-alkali soil and decomposed organic fertilizer or nutrient soil and the like according to a certain proportion, filling the mixture into a planting ditch or a planting pool, keeping the soil to be 10-15 cm lower than the planting ditch or the planting pool, irrigating to sink, ensuring that the salt content of the improved soil is reduced to be below 0.3%, and preferably adjusting the pH value to be 6.5-8.5. Finally, according to the plant spacing of 1.0-4.0 m, the grape stocks (such as 1103P, 101-14, Riparia Glorie, 420A MGt, 196-17Cl, 161-49C, 3309C and hybrid vitis amurensis, northern red, and levoyouhong) which can safely overwinter, dry, cold and salt resistant grape stocks are planted for one year, normal irrigation, fertilization, weeding and pesticide application management are carried out, and 120-180 cm bamboo poles or thin steel bars are planted on the side of each seedling for binding the germinated branches and tendrils to ensure that the branches and tendrils vertically grow to form grape stock land-sitting seedlings (see spring summer and spring in attached figure 1). After the grape stock seedling grows to 80-150 cm high, when the branch and the vine are semi-lignified at the position 60-130 cm away from the ground, the branch and the vine are kept 60-130 cm high, the top tip is cut off (note: the same place must be grafted at the same height, and the height is preferably 70-110 cm), the needed grape variety is grafted by adopting a green branch grafting technology, the grape variety is cultured according to a grafted seedling management technology, newly-germinated scion branches are vertically bound on a bamboo pole or a thin steel bar, the full maturity of 3-5 winter buds at the base part of the scion in the current year is ensured, 2-3 mature buds are cut after leaves fall in winter, the stock is coated with a winter trunk whitening agent, the reserved scion and the stock below a connector are wrapped by a heat insulation material, the safe overwintering is realized (see figure 1 for summer and autumn), and winter protection can also be realized by adopting the traditional tendril-pressing and earth-burying cold protection. Similarly, the first year can be adopted for culturing the seedling of the sitted rootstock without grafting the green branch, and after the leaves fall in winter, the mature branch of 70-140 cm is cut and left for overwintering (see the first year in the attached figure 3).

Removing the heat insulation material before the sprout is heated and re-warmed in the spring of the second year, after the sprout, selecting and reserving 1-2 newly-germinated robust branches for each plant to be vertically bound on a bamboo pole or thin steel bars or carrying out hard branch grafting on the rootstock seedlings in the opposite sitting place at the height of 60-70 cm (see the spring and summer of the second year in the attached figure 3), scientifically managing to enable grape branches and tendrils to be thickened, mature and aged to reach the expected growth height, cutting 50-120 cm mature branches and tendrils for standby in winter, coating the rootstock with a winter trunk whitening agent, wrapping the reserved scions and the rootstock below a connector by the heat insulation material (see the spring and summer and autumn and winter of the second year in the attached figure 3 and the spring and summer and autumn and winter of the second year in the attached figure 5), and.

Before the third spring warms up and sprouts, removing the wrapping material, bending the stock to the same direction at a position 10cm below a grafting opening into a right angle, horizontally binding the cut mature branches and tendrils of 50-120 cm on a first iron wire to form a single Gu Youte L-shaped tree shape with the plant height of 50-120 cm, after the horizontal scion branches sprout, keeping a vertically upward growing strong branch every 20cm, vertically binding the strong branch to a second wire and a third wire, removing redundant sprouts, carrying out normal cultivation management, keeping 1-2 scions for each strong branch and tendrils, keeping no fruit or 1 scion for weak branches, ensuring the normal growth of all annual branches (see the third spring, summer and autumn in the attached figure 5), when leaves fall in winter and cut in winter, selecting and remaining 50-120 cm of the top one-year mature branch scissors, flattening and binding the strong branches and tendrils to the first wire, keeping 2 short buds of the rest bases, forming complete single Gutu super L-shaped tree shape, coating the tree shape with a heat preservation agent, and shaping the tree shape after 10cm in winter, and coating the tree shape after 10cm in the first winter, and coating the tree shape after heat preservation.

After the fourth year, according to normal management, the canonical tree form is reserved, and the result condition is shown in fig. 11. After leaves fall in winter, 2-bud short shears are reserved on all branches, the stock is whitewashed by a trunk whitewashing agent in winter, and the stock with the reserved scion and the stock with the distance below the connector being 10cm is wrapped by a heat insulation material, so that safe overwintering is realized. If the horizontal extension branch can not reach the previous horizontal bearing branch, the method can be used for continuously flattening the top annual branch to the previous horizontal bearing branch.

Example 2 (shaping using a grooved bicubic L shape ("T" -shape)):

firstly, analyzing and determining the salt content and the pH value of saline-alkali soil, and calculating the improvement quantity of the saline-alkali soil, so that the improved soil grape rootstock can grow normally. Secondly, digging planting furrows with the width of 60-80 cm and the depth of 70-100 cm according to the row spacing of 3.0-3.5 m, paving two sides and the bottom of the planting furrows with plastic films with the width of 0.9-1.3 m and the thickness of 0.08-0.15 mm (8-15 filaments), reserving 30cm of non-paved films at the center of the bottom of the furrows, using the plastic films as drainage seams to drain redundant irrigation, and forming a groove type. Then, according to the salt content and the pH value of the saline-alkali soil, uniformly mixing the saline-alkali soil and decomposed organic fertilizer or nutrient soil and the like according to a certain proportion, filling the mixture into a planting ditch or a planting pool, keeping the soil to be 10-15 cm lower than the planting ditch or the planting pool, irrigating to sink, ensuring that the salt content of the improved soil is reduced to be below 0.3%, and preferably adjusting the pH value to be 6.5-8.5. Finally, according to the plant spacing of 1.0-4.0 m, the grape stocks (such as 1103P, 101-14, Riparia Glorie, 420A MGt, 196-17Cl, 161-49C, 3309C and hybrid vitis amurensis, northern red, and levoyouhong) which can safely overwinter, dry, cold and salt resistant grape stocks are planted for one year, normal irrigation, fertilization, weeding and pesticide application management are carried out, and 120-180 cm bamboo poles or thin steel bars are planted on the side of each seedling for binding the germinated branches and tendrils to ensure the vertical growth of the branches and tendrils, so as to form the grape stock land-sitting seedlings (see spring and summer in the attached figure 1). After the grape stock seedling grows to 80-150 cm high, when the branch and the vine are semi-lignified at the position 60-130 cm away from the ground, the branch and the vine height is kept to 60-130 cm, the top tip is cut off (note: the same place must be grafted at the same height, the height is preferably 70-110 cm), the needed grape variety is grafted by adopting a green branch grafting technology, the grape variety is cultured according to a grafted seedling management technology, newly-germinated scion branches are vertically bound on a bamboo pole or a thin steel bar, the full maturity of 3-5 winter buds at the base part of the scion in the current year is ensured, 2-3 mature buds are cut after leaves fall in winter, the stock is coated with a winter trunk whitening agent, the reserved scion and the stock below a connector are wrapped by a heat insulation material, and the safe overwintering (see the attached figure 1 for summer, autumn and winter) is realized, and the winter protection can also be adopted by adopting the traditional tendril-buried winter protection. Similarly, the first year can be adopted for culturing the seedling of the sitted rootstock without grafting the green branch, and after the leaves fall in winter, the mature branch of 70-140 cm is cut and left for overwintering (see the first year in the attached figure 3).

Before the third spring warms up and sprouts, removing the wrapping material, bending the stock to the same direction at a position 10cm below a grafting opening for a right angle, horizontally binding the cut mature branches and tendrils of 50-120 cm on a first iron wire to form a single-ancient-shaped L tree shape with the plant height of 50-120 cm, after the horizontal scion branches sprout, keeping a vertically upward growing strong branch every 20cm and vertically binding the strong branch to a second wire and a third wire, erasing redundant sprouts, carrying out normal cultivation management, keeping 1-2 scions for each strong branch and tendrils and keeping no fruit or 1 scion for a weak branch, ensuring the normal growth of all annual branches (see the third spring, summer and autumn in the attached figure 5), when leaves fall in winter and are cut, selecting a base part, keeping 50-120 cm for the first branch and cutting, backwards flattening the strong branch and tendrils, binding the rest annual branches and keeping 2 short buds for the rest branches, forming a double-ancient-shaped single-ancient-shaped (T) L, coating a white grafting opening for the stock, and coating the white grafting opening for the third winter, and realizing the heat preservation and the white grafting.

In the fourth year, the standard tree form is reserved according to normal management, and the result condition is as shown in fig. 12. After leaves fall in winter, 2-bud short shears are reserved on all branches, the stock is whitewashed by a trunk whitewashing agent in winter, and the stock with the reserved scion and the stock with the distance below the connector being 10cm is wrapped by a heat insulation material, so that safe overwintering is realized. If the horizontal extension branch can not reach the previous or next horizontal bearing branch, the method can be used for continuously flattening the top annual branch to the previous or next horizontal bearing branch.

Example 3 (shaping with a box-and-pool type single guyote L shape):

firstly, analyzing and measuring the salt content and the pH value of the saline-alkali soil, calculating the improvement quantity of the saline-alkali soil, enabling the improved soil grape rootstock to grow normally, then, according to a planting pond with the row spacing of 2.5-3.0 m and the plant spacing of 4.0-10.0 m, building a plastic film with the clearance size of 1.5-2.0 m, the width of 1.5-2.0 m and the height of 0.5-0.6 m with bricks or other building materials, directly contacting the bottom with the ground, paving the bottom and the periphery of the planting pond with a plastic film with the thickness of 0.08-0.15 mm (8-15 wires), reserving a water seepage hole with the thickness of 0. 0.5 × 0.5.5 m at the center of the bottom for removing redundant irrigation water, forming a box-type pond, then, according to the salt content and the pH value of the saline-alkali soil and rotten or nutrient soil according to a certain proportion, mixing uniformly and filling the saline-alkali soil with the rotten or nutrient soil, filling into a ditch or field planting pond, irrigating the soil, keeping the soil below 0.3% of the saline-alkali soil, adjusting the salt content and the soil, the soil to the soil, the height of the soil of the root of the grape to grow of the root of the grape, the root of the grape, the root of the grape, the root of the grape, the root of the root.

Removing the heat insulation material before the sprout is heated and warmed again in the spring of the second year, after the sprout, selecting and reserving 1-2 newly-germinated robust branches for each plant to be vertically bound on a bamboo pole or thin steel bars or carrying out hard branch grafting on the rootstock seedlings in the opposite sitting place at the height of 60-70 cm (see the spring and summer of the second year in the attached figure 4), scientifically managing to enable grape branches and tendrils to be thickened, mature and aged to reach the expected growth height, cutting 50-120 cm mature branches and tendrils in winter for standby, coating the rootstock with a winter trunk whitening agent, wrapping the reserved scions and the rootstock below a connector by the heat insulation material (see the spring and summer, the autumn and the winter of the second year in the attached figure 4 and the spring and summer, the autumn and the winter of the second year in the attached.

Before the third spring warms up and sprouts, removing the wrapping material, bending the rootstocks to the same direction at a position 10cm below a grafting opening for forming a right angle, horizontally binding 50-120 cm of cut mature branches and tendrils on a first iron wire to form a single Guguzhi L-shaped tree form with the plant height of 50-120 cm, after the horizontal scion branches sprout, keeping one growth strong branch per 20cm to be vertical (see the third spring of the attached drawing 6 and the third fruiting of the attached drawing 7) or binding a V shape to (see the third fruiting of the attached drawing 9), removing redundant sprouts, carrying out normal cultivation management, keeping 1-2 scions on fruits per strong branch and tendrils per weak branch or keeping 1 scion fruit per weak branch to ensure that all the first branch grows normally, selecting top annual branches when leaves fall in winter, cutting, keeping 50-120 cm of cut branches, flattening the top annual branches and binding the first scions forward, keeping the first scions or keeping 1 scion fruit per branch to ensure that all the first annual branches grow normally, coating the tree forms a white tree form a white grafting root stock with a heat preservation grafting opening, and coating the first tree form a white grafting opening for forming a white grafting opening in winter, and coating the tree form a white grafting opening for forming a white grafting opening in winter, and coating a white grafting opening in winter, wherein the third grafting opening for forming a white grafting opening for 10 cm.

And after the fourth year, according to normal management, reserving the standard tree results. After leaves fall in winter, 2-bud short shears are reserved on all branches, the stock is whitewashed by a trunk whitewashing agent in winter, and the stock with the reserved scion and the stock with the distance below the connector being 10cm is wrapped by a heat insulation material, so that safe overwintering is realized. If the horizontal extension branch can not reach the previous horizontal bearing branch, the method can be used for continuously flattening the top annual branch to the previous horizontal bearing branch.

Example 4 (shaped using a box-and-pool bigute L form ("T")):

firstly, analyzing and measuring the salt content and the pH value of saline-alkali soil, calculating the improvement quantity of the saline-alkali soil, enabling the improved soil grape rootstock to grow normally, then, according to a planting pond with the row spacing of 2.5-3.0 m and the plant spacing of 4.0-10.0 m, building a plastic film with the clearance size of 1.5-2.0 m, the width of 1.5-2.0 m and the height of 0.5-0.6 m with bricks or other building materials, directly contacting the bottom with the ground, paving the bottom and the periphery of the planting pond with a plastic film with the thickness of 0.08-0.15 mm (8-15 wires), reserving a water seepage hole with the thickness of 0. 0.5 × 0.5.5 m at the center of the bottom for removing redundant irrigation water, forming a box-type summer, according to the salt content and the pH value of the saline-alkali soil, uniformly mixing with rotten or nutrient soil according to a certain proportion, uniformly filling the saline-alkali soil, forming a seedling grafting root, a seedling.

Before the third spring warms up and sprouts, removing the wrapping material, bending the rootstocks to the same direction at a position 10cm below a grafting opening for forming a right angle, horizontally binding 50-120 cm of cut mature branches and tendrils on a first iron wire to form a single Guguzhi L-shaped tree form with the plant height of 50-120 cm, after the horizontal scion branches sprout, keeping one growth strong branch per 20cm to be vertical (see the third spring of the attached drawing 6 and the third fruiting of the attached drawing 8) or binding a V shape to (see the third fruiting of the attached drawing 10), wiping off redundant sprouts, carrying out normal cultivation management, keeping 1-2 scions on fruits for each strong branch and tendrils, keeping no fruit for weak branches or 1 scion fruit for weak branches, ensuring normal growth of all the first branch, selecting and cutting the first annual branch to be 50-120 cm of the base when leaves fall in winter, binding the first scions to the first scions and binding the first scions to be flat after reverse flattening, keeping the first scions or keeping 1 first scions for ensuring normal growth of all the first branches to be normal growth, coating the first tree form a white scion and a third tree form a white scion with a T-shaped tree form a white grafting cut (see the attached drawing, and a third grafting cut after the third grafting opening, and coating a white grafting cut for forming a white grafting cut for realizing a white grafting cut for 10cm in winter, and a white grafting tree form a white.

And after the fourth year, according to normal management, reserving the standard tree results. After leaves fall in winter, 2-bud short shears are reserved on all branches, the stock is whitewashed by a trunk whitewashing agent in winter, and the stock with the reserved scion and the stock with the distance below the connector being 10cm is wrapped by a heat insulation material, so that safe overwintering is realized. If the horizontal extension branch can not reach the previous or next horizontal bearing branch, the method can be used for continuously flattening the top annual branch to the previous or next horizontal bearing branch.

Example 5 (using box and pool type "H" shaping):

Before the third spring warms up and sprouts, removing the wrapping material, bending the stock to the same direction at a position 10cm below a grafting opening into a right angle, horizontally binding 50-120 cm of mature branches and tendrils cut and left on a first iron wire to form a single Guxiaote L-shaped tree form with the plant height of 50-120 cm, after the horizontal scion branches sprout, keeping a growing strong branch per 20cm to be vertical (see the third spring of the attached figure 6 and the third bearing of the attached figure 8) or binding a V shape to be vertical (see the third bearing of the attached figure 10), removing redundant sprouts, keeping 1-2 scions for each strong branch and tendrils according to normal cultivation management, keeping no fruit for weak branches or 1 scion to ensure that all the first branches grow normally, selecting a base part and a top annual branch to be cut and left with 50-120 cm of mature branches when leaves fall in winter, flattening the base part and the first branch to be flat, binding the first branch to the first branch, gradually cutting and trimming the first branch to form a white branch cut and white branch cut by coating a root stock with a white branch cutting agent when the root stock falls in winter, and trimming.

And after the fourth year, according to normal management, reserving the standard tree results. After leaves fall in winter, 2-bud short shears are reserved on all branches, the stock is whitewashed by a trunk whitewashing agent in winter, and the stock with the reserved scion and the stock with the distance below the connector being 10cm is wrapped by a heat insulation material, so that safe overwintering is realized.

Claims

1. A specific method for the saline-alkali land grape non-frame burying-free overwintering cultivation method is characterized by firstly analyzing and measuring salt content and pH value of saline-alkali land soil, calculating the improvement quantity of saline-alkali land soil, enabling improved soil grape stocks to grow normally, secondly, digging planting ditches with the width of 60-100 cm, digging plastic films with the row spacing of 3.0-3.5 cm, planting ditches with the depth of 30cm, removing excessive irrigation by using a plastic film with the width of 0.9-1.3 m and the thickness of 0.08-0.15 mm (8-15 filaments) at the two sides and the bottom of the planting ditches, remaining strong and robust 30cm at the centers of the ditches, removing excessive irrigation by using drainage seams, forming groove type ditches, or trimming branches with the row spacing of 2.5-3.0 m and the row spacing of 4.0-10.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.7 cm, building materials with a brick heads or other building materials with the height of 1.5-2.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.7 cm.

2. The method comprises the steps of firstly analyzing and measuring the salt content and the pH value of saline-alkali soil, calculating the improvement quantity of the saline-alkali soil, enabling the improved soil grape rootstock to grow normally, secondly, laying plastic films with the row spacing of 3.0-3.5 m, the width of 60-80 cm, the planting ditch with the depth of 70-100 cm on two sides and the bottom of the planting ditch, leaving 30cm of non-laying film in the center of the ditch, draining excessive irrigation water as a drainage seam, forming a groove type, uniformly mixing saline-alkali soil with rotten or nutrient soil according to a certain proportion, filling the mixture into a ditch or a full-leaf grafting pond, keeping the soil below the ditch or the planting pond, tying a binding and tying a binding with 10-15 cm, irrigating water sinking, ensuring that the salt content of the improved soil is reduced to below 0.3%, adjusting the pH to 6.5-8.5, and binding with a binding rod to a binding and a red grafting rod to form a vertical seedling, a thick branch, a thick seedling, a thick.

3. The method comprises the following steps of firstly analyzing and measuring the salt content and the pH value of saline-alkali soil, calculating the improvement quantity of the saline-alkali soil, enabling the improved soil grape rootstock to grow normally, secondly, laying plastic films with the row spacing of 3.0-3.5 m, the width of 60-80 cm, the planting ditch with the depth of 70-100 cm on two sides and the bottom of the planting ditch, leaving 30cm of non-laying film in the center of the ditch, removing excessive irrigation as drainage seams to form a groove type, uniformly mixing saline-alkali soil with rotten or nutrient soil according to a certain proportion, filling the mixture into the ditch or a full-leaf grafting pond, keeping the soil below the ditch or the planting pond, tying and tying a binding with 10-15 cm, irrigating water sinking, ensuring that the salt content of the improved soil is reduced to below 0.3%, adjusting the pH to 6.5-8.5, to 8.5, and binding with a binding rod to a binding with a red grafting rod, forming a vertical seedling, a thick.

4. The method comprises the following steps of firstly analyzing and measuring the salt content and the pH value of soil in saline and alkaline land, calculating the improved quantity of soil in the saline and alkaline land, enabling the improved soil grape rootstock to grow normally, then, according to a row spacing of 2.5-3.0 m, a plant spacing of 4.0-10.0 m, building a first plastic film with a clear size of 1.5-2.0 m in length, 1.5-2.0 m in width and 0.5-0.6 m in height, directly contacting the bottom with the ground, laying a second plastic film with a thickness of 0.08-0.15 mm (8-15 wires) at the bottom and around the planting pond, leaving a water seepage hole of 0.5m in the center of the bottom, removing excessive filling water, forming a box pool type, then, according to the salt content and the pH value of soil, binding the soil and rotten organic fertilizer or nutrient soil in a certain proportion, uniformly mixing and filling into a planting ditch or a planting pool, irrigating water, keeping the soil with the soil, keeping the soil below the salt content and the binding, keeping the soil, the binding, the soil, binding, the soil, the binding, the soil binding, the soil binding, the root, the seedling.

5. The method comprises the following steps of firstly analyzing and measuring the salt content and the pH value of soil in saline and alkaline land, calculating the improved quantity of soil in the saline and alkaline land, enabling the improved soil grape rootstock to grow normally, then, cutting a first branch with a row spacing of 2.5-3.0 m and a plant spacing of 4.0-10.0 m, building a first plastic film with a clear size of 1.5-2.0 m in length, 1.5-2.0 m in width and 0.5-0.6 m in height, directly contacting the bottom with the ground, laying a second plastic film with a thickness of 0.08-0.15 mm (8-15 wires) at the bottom and around the planting pond, leaving a water seepage hole with a thickness of 0.5m and ×.5m in the center of the bottom, removing excessive irrigation water, forming a box-type pool, then, uniformly filling a strong planting ditch or a strong planting pool with saline-alkali soil and rotten organic fertilizer or nutrient soil according to a certain proportion, and a weak soil, and a binding soil according to a certain proportion, and a moderate salt content and a pH value of the soil, and a binding to a normal root height of the root, cutting a special seedling.

6. The method comprises the following steps of firstly analyzing and measuring the salt content and the pH value of saline-alkali soil, calculating the improved quantity of the saline-alkali soil, enabling the improved soil grape rootstock to grow normally, then, cutting a first branch with a row spacing of 2.5-3.0 m and a plant spacing of 4.0-10.0 m, building a first plastic film with a clear size of 1.5-2.0 m in length, 1.5-2.0 m in width and 0.5-0.6 m in height, directly contacting the bottom with the ground, laying a second plastic film with a thickness of 0.08-0.15 mm (8-15 wires) on the bottom and the periphery of a planting pond, leaving a water seepage hole with a thickness of 0.5 850.5 m in the center of the bottom, removing excessive irrigation water, forming a box type, then, uniformly filling a strong planting ditch or a planting pond with saline-alkali soil and rotten organic fertilizer or nutrient soil according to a certain proportion, enabling the saline-alkali soil to be tied to be kept in a saline-alkali soil, or a weak soil with a saline-alkali soil or a nutrient soil, a saline-alkali soil, a saline-alkali soil is tied to be tied to a normal plant, a normal seedling is cut, a normal seedling is reserved, a thick, a seedling is cut, a seedling is grown in a seedling, a seedling is cut, a seedling is grown first seedling is cut, a seedling is grown in a seedling, a seedling is grown first seedling is grown in a seedling, a seedling is grown in a seedling, a seedling is grown first seedling is grown in a seedling is kept in a seedling, a seedling cut, a seedling is grown in a seedling cut, a seedling.