CN112166936A

CN112166936A - A kind of V+ horizontal leaf curtain connected canopy grape trellis suitable for northern arid region and cultivation method

Info

Publication number: CN112166936A
Application number: CN202011186856.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 蔡军社; 白世践
Original assignee: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Grape And Fruit Research Institute
Current assignee: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Grape And Fruit Research Institute
Priority date: 2020-10-30
Filing date: 2020-10-30
Publication date: 2021-01-05

Abstract

The invention discloses a V + horizontal leaf curtain greenhouse-connected grape trellis suitable for northern arid regions and a cultivation method, and aims to solve the problems of low efficiency and poor quality of the existing cultivation mode. The top ends of first stand columns adjacent to a grape trellis are connected through supporting steel bars, 6 small supporting steel wires are uniformly arranged between the front supporting steel bars and the rear supporting steel bars and connected, a plurality of large supporting steel wires are uniformly arranged at the bottom ends of the small supporting steel wires and connected, the large supporting steel wires are fixed at the top ends of second stand columns, the second stand columns are uniformly arranged between the first stand columns along the row direction, a first cross beam and a second cross beam are respectively arranged above the first stand columns and the second stand columns, hooks are respectively arranged on one side below the first cross beam and one side below the second cross beam, and the adjacent cross beams and the adjacent hooks are connected through iron wires.

Description

V + horizontal leaf curtain greenhouse-connected grape trellis suitable for northern arid regions and cultivation method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of grape planting, in particular to a V + horizontal leaf curtain greenhouse-connected grape trellis suitable for northern arid regions and a cultivation method.

Background

The selection of the grape cultivation frame is very important for the regulation of the tree vigor, and the proper grape frame is beneficial to the regulation of the grape tree body, the formation of the grape yield, the improvement of the fruit quality and labor saving and labor reduction of field management. The main frame type in foreign countries is a shed frame or a hedge frame, and the standard frame type, the single vertical frame type, the single-trunk double-arm or single-arm cultivation and other regular tree types are adopted, the fruit bearing parts are unified, the leaf curtain and the fruit have obvious boundary, and the pesticide spraying management and the mechanical production are facilitated. The simple pruning, the large-scale cultivation, the specialized management, the standardized production and the consistent quality are important characteristics of the foreign advanced grape production countries.

The grape cultivation shelves in the arid region in the north are mainly inclined small shelves and horizontal shelves for a long time, the inclined small shelves have the characteristics of good windproof effect, less materials and the like, but the shelves are short in surface, inconvenient to manage and mechanically operate, poor in grape quality consistency, serious in pest and disease damage and the like, and particularly the problems of coloring and inconsistent maturity of fruits at different fruiting parts and the like of large red varieties such as 'new depression' cultivated by adopting the traditional small shelves cause the problems of good quality, low high-quality commercial fruit rate, delayed mature period and reduced storage and transportation resistance. The height of the horizontal trellis is generally more than 180.0 cm, the trellis surface sinks along with the increase of the load capacity in the growing season of the grapes, and the problems of inconsistent fruit illumination conditions, inconsistent grape quality, difficult coloring of red varieties and inconsistent ripening also exist. The two grape young shoots cultivated in the rack type grow in a crossed and overlapped mode, the shoots need to be picked and trimmed for many times in summer, a grower needs to work at the head, and the labor efficiency is low; the main vines of the grapes need to be twisted by 90 degrees when the grapes are put on the shelf in spring and put on the shelf in autumn, the main vines of the grapes are easy to be twisted, and the labor intensity is increased. In recent years, the labor cost is continuously increased, the production cost is improved, and the economic benefit of fruit growers is seriously reduced. With the development of grape cultivation technology at home and abroad, the market competitiveness of northern grape products is obviously reduced, and how to improve the fruit quality and the mechanization degree and reduce the production cost is an urgent problem to be solved in production.

In recent years, the direct-running horizontal dragon-dry type and horizontal leaf curtain cultivation rack type (CN103120111A: a method suitable for horizontal and shed-rack cultivation of northern grapes) is gradually applied to cultivation of northern fresh-eating grapes, the cultivation rack type promotes early ripening of fruits, improves the quality of partial varieties of fruits to a certain extent, reduces trimming amount and labor intensity of putting down the grapes on the rack, is beneficial to mechanized operation, and controls production cost to a certain extent. However, the cultivation frame is too high in frame surface, the main vines are arranged at a height of 1.8-2.0 m from the ground, the labor intensity of putting on the frame is still high, the main vines need to stay fruit branch groups at a position of about 2.50m, the cultivation time of the main vines is long, the difficulty is high, the production time of a vineyard is prolonged, a large number of invalid main vines increase the soil burying amount, and the pier opening and burying costs are increased; secondly, the fruit bearing clusters of the cultivation frame are all at the height of 1.8-1.9 meters, the new tips are at the height of 2.0 meters, the new tips are bound, managed and cluster management are all carried out with the heads upward, the labor intensity is high, and the efficiency is low; most importantly, in northern arid areas, grapes are hot and high in growing season, air humidity is low, illumination is strong, and due to the fact that the area index of bearing leaves is small, inflorescences and the heights of fruits are high, the cultivation frame is affected by adverse climate factors such as high temperature, dry hot air and excessive illumination, the problems of fruit setting rate reduction, fruit grain quality reduction, yield reduction, over-deep coloring of red grape varieties, premature water loss and shrinkage of the fruits, wilting, short fruiting period and the like can be caused. It is difficult to produce high-quality commercial fruits with bright red fruit color, large fruit grain mass and moderate sugar-acid ratio, and the good quality of grape varieties cannot be fully excavated.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a V + horizontal leaf curtain greenhouse-connected grape trellis suitable for northern arid regions and a cultivation method, and the grape trellis has the advantages of simple structure, high body strength, firmness and durability, capability of obviously reducing the production and management cost of grapes, obviously improving the quality and commodity rate of the grapes, and capability of fully excavating the excellent quality of grape varieties so as to solve the problems in the background technology.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a V + horizontal leaf curtain of suitable arid area in the north links canopy grape trellis, includes a plurality of single file grape trellis, the single file grape trellis comprises first stand, second stand, support bar, large-size support steel wire, small-size support steel wire and first iron wire, second iron wire, the support bar has been laid on the top of first stand, and support bar couples together every two adjacent first stands of controlling, all fixedly connected with 6 small-size support steel wires between the adjacent support bar around every single file grape trellis, and the distance of two small-size support steel wires in center is 1.0 meter, and the distance of all the other adjacent small-size support steel wires is 0.5 meter, 6 the even fixedly connected with a plurality of large-size support steel wires in bottom of small-size support steel wire, a plurality of large-size support steel wire all are fixed in a plurality of second stand tops, the second stand evenly sets up between first stand along the row direction, equal first crossbeam of fixedly connected with on the first stand, equal fixedly connected with second crossbeam on the second stand, first crossbeam is the same with the second crossbeam height, the equal fixedly connected with couple of high 2.5 meters department of first stand, second stand one side, the bottom of first stand all alternates and is connected with first cement mound (12), and first crossbeam all passes through first iron wire fixed connection with the both ends of adjacent second crossbeam and the both ends of two adjacent second crossbeams, equal fixedly connected with second iron wire around per two between the adjacent couple.

The first cross beam is fixed at the position, 2.7 meters high, of the first upright column, and the height from the ground is 1.7 meters.

Preferably, the first upright column and the second upright column are galvanized steel pipes with the outer diameter of 88.9 mm, the wall thickness of 4.0 mm and the length of 3.0 m, the bottom of the first upright column is inserted into the first cement pier, the first cement pier is buried underground, the bottoms of the first upright column and the second upright column are buried underground by 1.0 m, and the height of the overground part is 2.0 m.

Preferably, the distance between every two left and right adjacent first upright columns is 3.5 meters, the distance between every two left and right adjacent second upright columns is 3.5 meters, the distance between every two front and back adjacent second upright columns is 4.0 meters, and the distance between the first upright column and the adjacent second upright column is 4.0 meters.

Preferably, the first upright post is connected with the top end of the inner inclined-pushing post at a distance of 1.8 meters from the ground, the angle between the inner inclined-pushing post and the first upright post is 45 degrees, a second cement pier is inserted into the bottom of the inner inclined-pushing post and buried underground, and the inner inclined-pushing post is a galvanized steel pipe with an outer diameter of 60.3 millimeters, a wall thickness of 3.8 millimeters and a length of 3.0 meters.

Preferably, the first cement pier has the specifications of 0.4 meter in length, 0.4 meter in width and 0.5 meter in height.

Preferably, the second cement pier has the specifications of 0.3 meter in length, 0.3 meter in width and 0.3 meter in height.

Preferably, the first beam is made of No. 8 channel steel (height 80.0 mm, leg width 43.0 mm, waist thickness 5.0 mm), length 0.6 m, and height 170.0 cm from the ground.

Preferably, the second beam is made of angle steel, the specification is 0.6 m long, 0.03 m side width, 3.0 mm thickness, and 170.0 cm height from the ground.

Preferably, the small-size support steel wire is a No. 12 galvanized steel wire, and the large-size support steel wire is a No. 8 galvanized steel wire.

Preferably, the second iron wire is 8 iron wires of double-stranded, first iron wire is 10 iron wires, and the first iron wire distance at every first crossbeam, second crossbeam both ends is 0.58 meters.

Preferably, the hook is arranged on one side of the first upright post or the second upright post close to the planting furrows, and the height from the ground is 150.0 cm.

The invention aims to solve another technical problem of providing a grape cultivation method based on a V + horizontal leaf curtain greenhouse-connected grape trellis suitable for northern arid regions, which comprises the following steps:

s1: installing a grape trellis, installing a first upright column and a second upright column according to preset requirements, installing a first cross beam and a second cross beam on the upper parts of the first upright column and the second upright column respectively, installing a hook simultaneously, pouring a first cement pier and installing an inner top oblique column at the bottom end of the first upright column, pouring a second cement pier at the bottom end of the inner top oblique column, laying supporting steel bars simultaneously, and arranging a large-size supporting steel wire, a small-size supporting steel wire, a first iron wire and a second iron wire which are connected;

s2: the method comprises the following steps of (1) cultivating an antegrade dragon trunk tree form, wherein the planting distance of grape seedlings is 2.0 meters, the distance between planting rows and a first upright post or a second upright post is 30.0 centimeters, the grape seedlings are cultured by reserving a main vine, the main vine grows in the current year until the top end of the first upright post or the second upright post is planted, the main vine can be pressed down and tied on a second iron wire connected with a hook to be cultured, the main vine is erected in an increasing mode that the included angle between the main vine and the ground is smaller than 20 degrees and then smaller than 50 degrees, the included angle between the main vine and the second iron wire is larger than 120 degrees, a fruiting branch group can be reserved at the position on the main vine, the main vine is cultured until the main vine is connected with the next main vine of a plant, the fruiting branch amount can be properly overlapped until the frame surface is uniformly distributed with the fruiting branch group;

s3: construction of V + horizontal leaf curtains: picking buds and fixing the buds later in spring, binding the new tips to a first iron wire connected with the end part of a first cross beam or a second cross beam when the new tips grow to 50.0cm, wherein the distance between the new tips is 15.0-20.0cm, and forming a V-shaped leaf curtain; newly growing to the row small-size supporting steel wire, namely growing along the horizontal direction, growing to the row second small-size supporting steel wire, and binding again, so far, completing the construction of the V + horizontal leaf curtain, wherein the single-side width of the constructed V-shaped leaf curtain is 0.71 meter, the single-side width of the horizontal leaf curtain is 1.0 meter, and the total width of the horizontal leaf curtain is 1.71 meter;

s4: management of the V + horizontal leaf curtain: in the young fruit period and the fruit expansion period, a new tip growing beyond the third small-size supporting steel wire in the row can be hung down naturally; and in the fruit color changing period, a part which is newly and slightly over a third small-size supporting steel wire in the row is cut off by a knife, and a ventilation zone of 50.0cm is reserved in the row.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. grape trellis simple structure, firm durable: all connect through the iron wire between adjacent crossbeam and adjacent couple, connect through the support steel wire between adjacent reinforcing bar, the reinforcing bar at grape trellis both ends is for thickening the reinforcing bar, and cement pier has been pour to first stand and interior top batter post, and the cement pier increases the weight of stand and reduces the focus of whole grape trellis simultaneously, and such grape trellis steadiness is good.

2. The grape branch has good consistency of leaf number and light receiving conditions: the condition that the nutrition level of the new tips is inconsistent due to the crossing and the overlapping growth of the new tips of the traditional shed frame is obviously improved.

3. The labor capacity and the labor intensity are obviously reduced: the grape newly-bound position cultivated by the method is bound on the first iron wire at a position 1.7 meters away from the ground for the first time, an operator does not need to bend down or raise the head to operate, the working efficiency is improved, and the newly-bound grape does not need to be pressed down at a large angle when being bound, so that the problem that the newly-bound grape is easy to break in spring cultivation by using a horizontal leaf curtain is solved; the height of the grape fruiting belt from the ground is 1.6 meters, the management of the fruit clusters does not need to be carried out by raising the head, the labor intensity is reduced, and the efficiency is improved; the main grape vine is placed on the second iron wire at the height of 1.5 m, the upper frame and the lower frame do not need to twist the main grape vine by 90 degrees, the main grape vine is prevented from being twisted, and the labor intensity is obviously reduced; the grape is sharpened in summer, the pruning frequency is obviously reduced, only the part which slightly exceeds the third small-size supporting steel wire is pruned by a knife in the color conversion period, the management cost in summer is obviously reduced, and the operation is simple.

4. The tree shape is easy to cultivate, the production is early, and the pier digging and burying cost is obviously reduced: the fruiting branch group can be reserved when the length of the main vine of the grape is 1.7 meters, compared with a forward-long dry-type + horizontal leaf curtain cultivation rack-type main vine, the fruiting branch group is reserved only at 2.2-2.5 meters, tree shapes are easier to cultivate, fruiting is early put into production, the amount of invalid main vines is reduced, and pier opening and burying costs are reduced.

5. The micro-area environment of the fruit cluster is improved, and the fruit quality is obviously improved: compared with a horizontal leaf curtain, the constructed V + horizontal leaf curtain can obviously increase the effective photosynthetic area of plants, and the leaf area index of a fruiting zone is increased; compared with the forward dragon dry-type and horizontal leaf curtain cultivation rack type, the fruit bearing height is reduced, the fruit bearing height is moderate, the influence of adverse climate factors such as high temperature, dry hot air and excessive illumination on grapes is effectively avoided, the micro-domain environment of the fruit clusters is improved, the produced fruits are bright red, the fruit grain quality is large, the sugar-acid ratio is moderate, and the quality is remarkably improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a partial structure schematic diagram of a V + horizontal leaf curtain greenhouse-connected grape trellis suitable for northern arid regions in the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a single row of grape trellis of V + horizontal leaf curtain greenhouse grape trellis suitable for northern arid area of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the new distribution of V + horizontal leaf curtain greenhouse grape trellis suitable for northern arid regions in the invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the binding position of the main vine of the grape trellis with V + horizontal leaf curtain and shed suitable for northern arid areas.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a V + horizontal leaf curtain greenhouse-connected grape trellis in the forward direction, which is suitable for northern arid regions.

In the figure: 1. a first upright post; 2. hooking; 3. a first cross member; 4. a second cross member; 5. an inner top oblique column; 6. supporting the reinforcing steel bars; 7. large support steel wires; 8. a small support wire; 9. a first iron wire; 10. a second iron wire; 11. a second upright post; 12. a first cement pier; 13. a second cement pier; 14. single row of grape trellis.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1-5, the invention provides a V + horizontal leaf curtain greenhouse-connected grape trellis suitable for northern arid regions, which comprises a plurality of single-row grape trellis 14, the single-row grape trellis 14 is composed of a first upright post 1, a second upright post 11, supporting steel bars 6, large-size supporting steel wires 7, small-size supporting steel wires 8, a first iron wire 9 and a second iron wire 10, the top end of the first upright post 1 is paved with the supporting steel bars 6, the supporting steel bars 6 connect every two left and right adjacent first upright posts 1, the supporting steel bars 6 are used for stabilizing the grape trellis surface, 6 small-size supporting steel wires 8 are fixedly connected between the front and back adjacent supporting steel bars 6 of each single-row grape trellis 14 for supporting a new grape, the distance between the central two small-size supporting steel wires 8 is 1.0 meter, the distance between the other adjacent small-size supporting steel wires 8 is 0.5 meter, the bottom ends of the 6 small-size supporting steel wires 8 are uniformly and fixedly connected with a plurality of large-size supporting steel wires 7 for supporting small-size steel, the large-size support steel wires 7 are all fixed at the top ends of the second upright posts 11, the second upright posts 11 can provide support force for the large-size support steel wires 7 and support a grape trellis surface, the second upright posts 11 are uniformly arranged between the first upright posts 1 along the row direction, the positions 2.7 meters high of the first upright posts 1 are all fixedly connected with first cross beams 3, the first cross beams 3 are made of No. 8 channel steel and are high in strength and used for supporting inward pulling force of the grape trellis, the positions 2.7 meters high of the second upright posts 11 are all fixedly connected with second cross beams 4, the second cross beams 4 are 0.6 meter long, the side width is 0.03 meter, the thickness is 3.0 millimeter angle steel, the steel bar is light and high in planting strength, the service life is long and used for supporting pressure brought by a new vine A to the first iron wire, the ground clearance of the first cross beams 3 and the second cross beams 4 is 170.0 centimeter, the hook 2 is arranged on one side, close to the ditch, the first upright posts 1 or the second upright posts 11, the ground clearance is 150.0 centimeter, and is beneficial to climbing of a main vine and a, equal fixedly connected with first iron wire 9 is used for the new first tie of a little A of grape to tie up fixedly between the both ends of first crossbeam 3 and adjacent second crossbeam 4, two adjacent second crossbeams 4 around, and equal fixedly connected with second iron wire 10 is used for the level of grape owner climing B to tie up fixedly between the couple 2 adjacent around and tie up fixedly.

The first upright post 1 and the second upright post 11 are galvanized steel pipes with the outer diameter of 88.9 mm, the wall thickness of 4.0 mm and the length of 3.0 m, the distance between the left and right adjacent first upright posts 1 is 3.5 m, the distance between the left and right adjacent second upright posts 11 is 3.5 m, the distance between the front and back adjacent second upright posts 11 is 4.0 m, the distance between the first upright post 1 and the adjacent second upright post 11 is 4.0 m, the distance between the upright posts is moderate, is suitable for the growth of grapes, the first upright post 1 and the second upright post 11 are both buried 1.0 meter underground, the ground height is 2.0 meter, the bottom of the first upright post 1 is inserted into the first cement pier 12, the first cement pier 12 is buried underground, the first cement pier 12 increases the weight of the upright post 1 and reduces the gravity center of the whole grape trellis, thus the stability of the grape trellis is good, meanwhile, an inner oblique supporting column 5 is welded at the position, 1.8 meters away from the ground, of the first upright column 1, and the included angle alpha between the inner oblique supporting column 5 and the first upright column 1 is formed.₁The angle is 45 degrees, the bottom of the inner top batter post 5 is inserted into a second cement pier 13, the second cement pier 13 is buried underground, the supporting force of the inner top batter post 5 is increased, the inner top batter post 5 is used for supporting the first upright post 1, the inner top batter post 5 can be effectively supported against the first upright post 1 when being installed, the stability of the whole first upright post 1 and the grape trellis is ensured, and the inner top batter post 5 is a galvanized steel pipe with the outer diameter of 60.3 mm, the wall thickness of 3.8 mm and the length of 3.0 m; the first upright post 1 and the second upright post 11 are made of the same material, so that the processing and the transportation are convenient, the replaceability is good, the assembly of the grape trellis is convenient, and the grape trellis is simple in integral structure, firm and durable.

A grape cultivation method based on a V + horizontal leaf curtain greenhouse-connected grape trellis suitable for the north comprises the following steps:

the first step is as follows: installing a grape trellis, namely installing a first upright post 1 and a second upright post 11 according to a preset requirement, installing a first cross beam 3 and a second cross beam 4 on the upper parts of the first upright post 1 and the second upright post 11 respectively, installing a hook 2 at the same time, pouring a first cement pier 12 and an inner top oblique post 5 at the bottom end of the first upright post 1, pouring a second cement pier 13 at the bottom end of the inner top oblique post 5, and laying a support steel bar 6, a large support steel wire 7 for connection, a small support steel wire 8, a first iron wire 9 and a second iron wire 10 at the same time, wherein the first upright post 1 and the second upright post 11 are kept vertical, and the support steel bar 6, the large support steel wire 7, the small support steel wire 8, the first iron wire 9 and the second iron wire 10 are all parallel to a horizontal plane;

the second step is that: the method comprises the following steps of culturing a forward-running trunk tree shape, wherein the planting distance of grape seedlings is 2.0 meters, the distance between planting rows and a first upright post 1 or a second upright post 11 is 30.0 centimeters, selecting and reserving a main vine B for culturing the grape seedlings, the main vine B growing in the current year after being planted can be pressed down in the forward direction and tied on a second iron wire 10 connected with a hook 2 for culturing when growing to the top end of the first upright post 1 or the second upright post 11, and the main vine B forms an included angle 1 alpha with the ground first₂Less than 20 DEG, and a further included angle of 2 alpha₃The included angle alpha between the main vine B and the second iron wire 10 is gradually increased to be less than 50 degrees and is put on the shelf₄More than 120 degrees, fruiting branch groups can be reserved at the upper frame position of the main vine B, the main vine B is cultured until the main vine B is connected with the next plant main vine B, the fruiting branch amount can be properly overlapped according to the fruiting branch amount, the fruiting branch groups are uniformly distributed on the frame surface, the forward-moving long-stem tree-form culture is completed, the tree-form culture time is obviously shortened, the height of the main vine B is moderate, the labor intensity of the upper frame and the lower frame is obviously reduced, the fruiting production is early, the ineffective main vine B amount is reduced, the pier opening and burying cost is reduced, the main vine B does not need to be twisted by 90 degrees on the upper frame and the lower frame, and the main vine B is prevented;

the third step: construction of V + horizontal leaf curtains: picking buds and setting later in spring, binding the new tips A to an iron wire 9 connected with the end part of the first cross beam 3 or the second cross beam 4 when the new tips A grow to 50.0cm, wherein the distance between the new tips A is 15.0-20.0cm, and forming a V-shaped leaf curtain; the new tips A grow to the small-size supporting steel wires 8 between the rows, namely grow along the horizontal direction, the new tips grow to the second small-size supporting steel wires 8 between the rows, and are bound again, so that the construction of the V + horizontal leaf curtain is completed, the unilateral width of the constructed V-shaped leaf curtain is 0.71 meter, the unilateral width of the horizontal leaf curtain is 1.0 meter, and the unilateral total width of the leaf curtain is 1.71 meter. The height from the ground of the first cross beam 3 or the second cross beam 4 is 170.0 cm, the iron A of the new tip is bound on the iron wire 9, an operator does not need to bend down or raise the head, the working efficiency is improved, the traditional shed frame or the forward dragon dry type + horizontal leaf screen cultivation frame type all need to bend down or raise the head, and the new tip A is bound without pressing down at a large angle, so that the problem that the new tip A of the horizontal leaf screen cultivation spring is easily broken when bound is avoided;

the fourth step: management of the V + horizontal leaf curtain: in the young fruit period and the fruit expansion period, a new tip A growing beyond the third small-size support steel wire 8 in the row can be hung down naturally, so that the young fruit is prevented from being burnt by strong sunlight in summer, and the effects of cooling, moisturizing and resisting dry hot wind are achieved; in the fruit color changing period, a part of a new tip A exceeding a third small-size supporting steel wire 8 is cut off in a cutting mode, a ventilation zone of 50.0cm is reserved between rows, the ventilation and light transmission conditions under a rack can be improved, and the rapid coloring and ripening of grapes are promoted.

Example one

In a horticulture field of shanshan county in Turpan city in Xinjiang, 30 mu of grapes are fixedly planted in 2016, and the variety is 'new melancholy', and 3 kinds of frame cultivation of a traditional horizontal shed frame, an antegrade dragon trunk and a horizontal leaf curtain and an antegrade dragon trunk and a (V + horizontal) leaf curtain are respectively adopted. The influence of three types of trellis on the 'new depression' viticulture traits and fruit quality was analyzed in 2020, and the results are shown in table 1: the area indexes of the leaves of the 'newly-depressed' grapes in the Turpan area are respectively improved by 29.74% and 6.53% by adopting the direct-current dragon trunk plus (V + horizontal) leaf curtain cultivation compared with the traditional horizontal shed frame, direct-current dragon trunk plus horizontal leaf curtain cultivation results; the production working hours investment of binding, pruning, fruit thinning, putting on and off the shelf and pier opening in summer is reduced by 47.22 percent and 34.48 percent; the mass of the fruit clusters is increased by 34.17 percent compared with that of the fruit clusters cultivated by the direct-row dragon trunk and the horizontal leaf screen; the fruit grain mass is increased by 22.35 percent and 41.11 percent compared with the traditional horizontal shed frame, the forward-walking dragon trunk and horizontal leaf curtain cultivation; the yield per mu is increased by 22.42% compared with that of the method adopting the direct-drooping cultivation and the horizontal leaf curtain cultivation, and the color is bright red, so that the problems that the color is dark and dark easily caused by the direct-drooping cultivation and the horizontal leaf curtain cultivation and the appearance quality of the fruits is adversely affected by the traditional shed frame cultivation coloring are solved; the soluble solid content and the picking time of the fruits are basically consistent with those of the paradise dry-type and horizontal leaf curtain cultivation, the mature period is obviously advanced compared with that of the traditional horizontal shed frame cultivation, and the problems of premature dehydration shrinkage and wilting of the fruits caused by dry hot air can be effectively avoided by adopting the V + horizontal leaf curtain cultivation compared with the paradise dry-type and horizontal leaf curtain cultivation, the tree hanging period is obviously prolonged, the commodity rate is improved by 5.56 percent compared with that of the paradise dry-type and horizontal leaf curtain cultivation, the overall quality of the fruits is higher than that of the paradise dry-type and horizontal leaf curtain cultivation, and the average price is also improved. Compared with the traditional horizontal shed frame, the forward-running dragon trunk and horizontal leaf curtain cultivation, the benefits of each mu of cultivation by adopting the V + horizontal leaf curtain are improved by 125.24% and 75.67%.

Comparison of cultivation traits and fruit quality of newly-harvested grapes cultivated in different shelves in 12020 years

The grape trellis comprises a plurality of single-row grape trellis bodies 14, each single-row grape trellis body 14 comprises a first stand column 1, a second stand column 11, supporting steel bars 6, a large-size supporting steel wire 7 and a small-size supporting steel wire 8, a first cross beam 3 and a second cross beam 4 are welded and fixed to the upper portions of the first stand column 1 and the second stand column 11 respectively, hooks 2 are welded and fixed to the lower portions of the first cross beam 3 and the second cross beam 4 respectively, the first cross beam 3 and an adjacent second cross beam 4 are fixedly connected between the two ends of two adjacent front and back second cross beams 4 respectively, first iron wires 9 are used for primary binding and fixing of a grape new tip A, and second iron wires 10 are fixedly connected between the adjacent front and back hooks 2 and used for climbing and fixing of a main vine B. The top ends of the left and right adjacent first upright posts 1 are fixedly connected with an effective stabilized grape trellis surface through supporting steel bars 6, 6 small-size supporting steel wires 8 are fixedly connected between the front and back adjacent supporting steel bars 6 and used for supporting a grape new tip A, the distance between the two small-size supporting steel wires 8 at the center is 1.0 meter, the distance between the other adjacent small-size supporting steel wires 8 is 0.5 meter, the bottom ends of the small-size supporting steel wires 8 are uniformly and fixedly connected with a plurality of large-size supporting steel wires 7 and used for supporting the small-size supporting steel wires 8, the plurality of large-size supporting steel wires 7 are fixed at the top end of a second upright post 11, the second upright post 11 provides supporting force for the large-size supporting steel wires 7 and supports the grape trellis surface, the first upright post 1 and the second upright post 11 are buried underground for 1.0 meter, the bottom of the first upright post 1 is inserted into a first pier cement pier 12, the first pier 12 is buried underground, the first cement pier 12 increases the, the steadiness of grape trellis is good like this, the batter post 5 pushes up in 1 upper portion welded fastening of first stand simultaneously, the bottom of interior batter post 5 injects second cement mound 13, second cement mound 13 buries the underground, the 5 holding power of interior batter post has been increased, the effectual first stand 1 that withstands of interior batter post 5, guarantee the holistic firm of first stand 1 and grape trellis, first stand 1 is the same with the preparation material of second stand 11, be convenient for processing and transportation like this, the while replaceability is good, the assembly of the grape trellis of being convenient for, grape trellis overall structure is simple, firm durable. The grape cultivation method based on the V + horizontal leaf curtain connected greenhouse grape trellis suitable for the northern arid area comprises the steps of firstly installing the grape trellis, then culturing the forward dragon tree shape, then constructing the V + horizontal leaf curtain and finally managing the V + horizontal leaf curtain. The whole grape trellis main body has high strength and low gravity center, can effectively support main vines B and new vines A, remarkably shortens tree form culture time, is moderate in height of the main vines B, remarkably reduces labor intensity of upper and lower frames, is early in fruiting production, reduces the quantity of invalid main vines B, reduces pier opening and burying costs, does not need to twist the main vines B by 90 degrees on the upper and lower frames, avoids sprain of the main vines B, has good grape branch blade number and light receiving condition consistency, remarkably increases effective photosynthetic area of plants, increases leaf area index of fruit cluster parts, increases fruit cluster height, effectively avoids the grapes from being influenced by adverse climate factors such as high temperature, dry hot air and excessive illumination, remarkably improves micro-domain environment of fruit clusters, produces bright red fruits, large fruit grain quality, is moderate in sugar-acid ratio and remarkably improves quality. Binding the new tip A, enabling an operator to manage the fruit ears to operate without bending down or raising the head, improving the working efficiency, and avoiding the problem that the new tip A is easily broken in spring in horizontal leaf screen cultivation because the new tip A is not pressed down at a large angle in binding, and meanwhile, the management cost in summer is remarkably reduced, and the operation is simple.

In summary, the grape trellis comprises a plurality of single-row grape trellis 14, the upper parts of a first upright 1 and a second upright 11 are respectively welded and fixed with a first beam 3 and a second beam 4, the lower parts of the first beam 3 and the second beam 4 are respectively welded and fixed with a hook 2, the first beam 3 and the adjacent second beam 4 are connected with each other through a first iron wire 9, the front and rear adjacent hooks 2 are connected with each other through a second iron wire 10, the top ends of the left and right adjacent first upright 1 are connected with each other through a support steel bar 6, the front and rear adjacent support steel bars 6 are connected with each other through 6 small-size support steel wires 8, the bottom ends of the small-size support steel wires 8 are uniformly and fixedly connected with each other through a plurality of large-size support steel wires 7, the plurality of large-size support steel wires 7 are fixed at the top ends of the second upright 11, the second upright post 11 provides supporting force for the large-size supporting steel wire 7 and supports a grape trellis surface, the bottoms of the first upright post 1 and the second upright post 11 are buried underground, the bottom of the first upright post 1 is inserted into the first cement pier 12, the first cement pier 12 is buried underground, the first cement pier 12 increases the weight of the upright post 1 and reduces the gravity center of the whole grape trellis, meanwhile, the upper part of the first upright post 1 is fixedly welded with the inner top inclined post 5, the bottom of the inner top inclined post 5 is inserted into the second cement pier 13, and the second cement pier 13 is buried underground, so that the supporting force of the inner top inclined post 5 is improved, the stability of the first upright post 1 and the whole grape trellis is ensured, the first upright post 1 and the second upright post 11 are made of the same material, and therefore, the processing and the transportation are convenient, meanwhile, the replaceability is good, the assembly of the grape trellis is convenient, and the whole grape; the grape cultivation method based on the V + horizontal leaf curtain greenhouse-connected grape trellis suitable for the northern arid area can obviously shorten the tree-shaped cultivation time, obviously reduce the labor amount and the labor intensity, avoid the sprain of the main vine B of the grapes, obviously improve the micro-area environment of the clusters, effectively avoid the influence of adverse climate factors such as high temperature, dry hot air, excessive illumination and the like on the grapes, and obviously improve the fruit quality. The management cost in summer is obviously reduced, and the operation is simple.

It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical solutions and the inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. a kind of V+ horizontal leaf curtain that is suitable for northern arid region connects shed grape trellis, comprises some single row grape trellis (14), it is characterized in that, described single row grape trellis (14) is composed of the first column (1), the second column (11), a supporting steel bar (6), a large supporting wire (7), a small supporting wire (8), a first iron wire (9) and a second iron wire (10), each two adjacent left and right said The top of the first column (1) is fixedly connected by supporting steel bars (6), and six small supporting steel wires (8) are fixedly connected between the adjacent support bars (6) at the front and rear of each single-row grape trellis (14). The distance between the two small supporting wires (8) is 1.0 m, and the distance between the other adjacent small supporting wires (8) is 0.5 m. Large supporting wires (7), a plurality of the large supporting wires (7) are fixed on the top of a plurality of second uprights (11), and the second uprights (11) are evenly arranged between the first uprights along the row direction ( 1), a first beam (3) is fixedly connected to the first column (1), a second beam (4) is fixedly connected to the second column (11), and the first beam (3) is connected to the The heights of the second beams (4) are the same, and hooks (2) are fixedly connected to the first column (1) and the second column (11) at a height of 2.5 meters. The bottom of the first column (1) A first cement pier (12) is interspersed and connected, and both ends of the first cross beam (3) and the adjacent second cross beam (4), and both ends of the two adjacent second cross beams (4) pass through the first iron wire (9) Fixed connection, a second iron wire (10) is fixedly connected between every two front and rear adjacent hooks (2).

2. a kind of V+ horizontal leaf curtain connecting shed grape trellis suitable for northern arid region according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described first column (1) and described second column (11) are both outer diameters A galvanized steel pipe of 88.9 mm, a wall thickness of 4.0 mm, and a length of 3.0 meters, the bottom of the first column (1) is inserted into the first cement pier (12), the first cement pier (12) is buried underground, and the first column (1) ) and the bottom of the second column (11) are buried 1.0 meters underground, and the height of the above-ground parts is 2.0 meters.

3. a kind of V+ horizontal leaf curtain connecting shed grape trellis according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the distance between every two adjacent first uprights (1) is 3.5 meters, The distance between every two left and right adjacent second uprights (11) is 3.5 meters, and the distance between the front and rear adjacent second uprights (11) is 4.0 meters. The distance between the uprights (11) is 4.0 meters.

4. a kind of V+ horizontal leaf curtain connecting vine grape trellis suitable for northern arid region according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described first upright column (1) is 1.8 meters away from ground and inner top inclined column (5) and the angle (α ₁ ) of the inner top inclined column (5) and the first column (1) is 45°, the bottom of the inner top inclined column (5) is inserted into the second cement pier (13), the second cement pier (13) Buried underground, the inner top inclined column (5) is a galvanized steel pipe with an outer diameter of 60.3 mm, a wall thickness of 3.8 mm and a length of 3.0 meters.

5. a kind of V+ horizontal leaf curtain connecting shed grape trellis suitable for northern arid region according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described first cement pier (12) specification is 0.4 meters long, 0.4 meters wide, 0.5 meters high Meter.

6. a kind of V+ horizontal leaf curtain connecting shed grape trellis suitable for northern arid region according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described trumpet supporting steel wire (8) is No. 12 galvanized steel wire, and described large supporting wire The steel wire (7) is No. 8 galvanized steel wire.

7. a kind of V+ horizontal leaf curtain connecting shed grape trellis suitable for northern arid region according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described second iron wire (10) is double-strand No. 8 iron wire, and described first iron wire (10) 9) is a No. 10 iron wire, and the distance between the first iron wires (9) at both ends of each of the first beam (3) and the second beam (4) is 0.58 meters.

8. a kind of V+ horizontal leaf curtain connecting shed grape trellis suitable for northern arid region according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described second cement pier (13) specification is 0.3 meters long, 0.3 meters wide, 0.3 meters high Meter.

9. a kind of V+ horizontal leaf curtain connecting shed grape trellis suitable for northern arid region according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described hook (2) is arranged on the first column (1) or the second column (11) On the side of the planting ditch, the height above the ground is 150.0 cm.

10. a viticulture method based on the V+ horizontal leaf curtain connecting shed grape trellis suitable for northern arid region as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:

S1: Installation of the grape trellis, the first column (1) and the second column (11) are filled according to the predetermined requirements of the installation, and the first beam (3) is respectively installed on the upper part of the first column (1) and the second column (11). ) and the second beam (4), install the hook (2) at the same time, pour the first cement pier (12) at the bottom end of the first column (1), install the inner top inclined column (5), and install the inner top inclined column ( 5) A second cement pier (13) is poured at the bottom, and supporting steel bars (6) are laid at the same time, and large supporting steel wires (7), small supporting steel wires (8), first iron wires (9), and second iron wires are arranged to be connected. (10);

S2: Cultivation of anterograde dragon stem tree shape, the distance between the grape seedlings is 2.0 meters, the distance between the planting row and the first column (1) or the second column (11) is 30.0 cm, and the grape seedlings are selected to keep a main vine ( B) cultivating, the grape main vine (B) in the year of colonization grows to the top of the first column (1) or the second column (11) and can be anterogradely overwhelmed and bound on the second wire (10) connecting the hook (2). Cultivation, the main vine (B) is placed on the shelf in an incremental manner with the first angle (α ₂ ) less than 20° and the included angle (α ₃ ) less than 50°, between the main vine (B) and the second iron wire (10) If the included angle (α ₄ ) is greater than 120°, the fruiting branch group can be reserved where the main vine (B) is placed on the shelf, and the main vine (B) can be cultivated until it is connected with the main vine (B) of the next plant, and the amount of fruiting branches can be seen. Appropriately overlap, until the shelf surface is evenly covered with fruiting branches, and the anterograde dragon trunk tree-shaped cultivation is completed;

S3: Construction of the V+ horizontal leaf curtain: smear the buds in spring. Later, when the new shoot (A) grows to 50.0 cm, it is tied to the first wire connecting the end of the first beam (3) or the second beam (4). On (9), the distance between the new branches (A) is 15.0-20.0 cm, forming a V-shaped leaf curtain; the new branches (A) grow to the trumpet supporting steel wire (8) between the rows, that is, grow along the horizontal direction, and grow to the first between the rows. The second small supporting wire (8) is bound again, and the construction of the V+ horizontal leaf curtain is completed. The V-shaped leaf curtain has a unilateral width of 0.71 meters, a horizontal leaf curtain width of 1.0 meters, and a total leaf curtain width of 1.71 meters. Meter;

S4: Management of the V+ horizontal leaf curtain: in the young fruit stage and the fruit expansion stage, the new branches (A) that grow beyond the third small support wire (8) between the rows can be allowed to hang down naturally; the fruit coloring stage adopts a one-size-fits-all method Cut off the part of the new point (A) beyond the third small support wire (8) between the rows, leaving a 50.0 cm ventilation belt between the rows.