CN115380747B - Method for overwintering cultivation of grapes without putting off frames and buried soil in northwest region - Google Patents
Method for overwintering cultivation of grapes without putting off frames and buried soil in northwest region Download PDFInfo
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- CN115380747B CN115380747B CN202210838995.3A CN202210838995A CN115380747B CN 115380747 B CN115380747 B CN 115380747B CN 202210838995 A CN202210838995 A CN 202210838995A CN 115380747 B CN115380747 B CN 115380747B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 241000219094 Vitaceae Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 235000021021 grapes Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 120
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 241000219095 Vitis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000209504 Poaceae Species 0.000 description 2
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0206—Canopies, i.e. devices providing a roof above the plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/04—Supports for hops, vines, or trees
- A01G17/06—Trellis-work
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/04—Supports for hops, vines, or trees
- A01G17/06—Trellis-work
- A01G17/08—Tools e.g. clips for attaching hops, vines, or boughs to trellis-work; Tying devices
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of grape cultivation, and relates to a method for cultivating grapes without falling off frames and buried soil in winter in northwest areas. The method is realized by a foldable hack lever, a cold-proof quilt and a cold-proof quilt laying and rolling integrated machine, and the cold-proof quilt laying and rolling integrated machine is simultaneously provided with a laying mechanism for laying the cold-proof quilt and a rolling mechanism for rolling the cold-proof quilt. The method can realize the technology of avoiding the grape branches and tendrils from being put on the shelf during the overwintering of the grape, mechanically laying and rolling the cold-proof quilt, avoiding the grape branches and tendrils from being put on the shelf, effectively improving the overwintering survival rate of the grape, obviously reducing the cost of conventional soil-buried and put on the shelf and greatly reducing the investment of labor force.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of grape cultivation, and relates to a method for cultivating grapes without falling off frames and buried soil in winter in northwest areas.
Background
Grape is a main fruit eaten by people in daily life, and has the effects of relieving hypoglycemia, preventing thrombus, reducing cholesterol in human body, resisting aging and the like. Because of the special climatic environment of low temperature and dryness in winter in northwest areas, for open field grape cultivation, grape branches and tendrils are easily frostbitten and drained in winter. "soil is buried in winter and the soil is removed from spring" is a unique way of planting grapes in northwest areas. In winter, grape vines are trimmed and buried by soil, so that the grape vines can pass severe winter smoothly; in spring festival, the grape vine is dug out of the soil again, put on a shelf and bound.
However, in recent years, the labor cost of soil-buried cold protection is increased year by year; according to the investigation of related departments, the cost of grape cultivation is more than 1/3, and the grape cultivation is used for winter earthing and winter protection and spring pier opening and soil emergence, and the branches and tendrils are extremely easy to damage in the operation process. Aiming at the problems that the conventional cold-proof quilt paved by a hedge frame is difficult to realize mechanized operation, intermittent paving is needed, the continuity of the paving process is poor, the efficiency is low, the labor intensity is high, and the cold-proof cloth at the hack lever is weak; in addition, when grape cultivation is needed in the next year, a large amount of labor is consumed for winding the cold-proof cloth, and winding efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for cultivating grape without taking off the shelf and burying soil in winter in northwest areas, which realizes the technology of avoiding taking off the shelf of grape branches and tendrils, mechanically laying and rolling up the winter protection cover and avoiding taking off the shelf of grape branches and tendrils in winter, effectively improves the survival rate of grape winter, remarkably reduces the cost of conventional burying soil and taking off the shelf, greatly reduces the investment of labor force, can realize ecological cultivation of grasses among rows, and thoroughly realizes the grape without taking off the shelf and burying soil in winter cultivation in northwest areas from the cultivation technology.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows.
The method is realized by a foldable hack lever, a cold-proof quilt and a cold-proof quilt laying and rolling integrated machine, wherein the cold-proof quilt laying and rolling integrated machine is simultaneously provided with a laying mechanism for laying the cold-proof quilt and a rolling mechanism for rolling the cold-proof quilt;
the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Digging planting furrows and building a hedge frame: digging a planting ditch on a planting land, and constructing a hedge frame for binding grape branches and tendrils; the hedge frame comprises a plurality of foldable hack levers which are arranged in sequence, and steel wires which are arranged between the adjacent foldable hack levers;
(2) Planting grapes: planting grapes in the planting ditches, and binding the main vines of the grapes on a first steel wire from bottom to top;
(3) Overwintering without taking off the frame: the grape vines are fixed on the first steel wire for a long time; in a northwest soil-buried cold-proof area, when winter comes, all foldable hack levers are put down, at the moment, each planting row is in a horizontal state that a first steel wire is at a certain distance from the ground, and then a laying mechanism of a cold-proof quilt laying and rolling integrated machine is utilized to automatically lay the cold-proof quilt from one end of a planting ditch to the other end, so that a mechanized non-falling soil-buried overwintering cultivation mode of the foldable hack levers, the cold-proof quilt and the cold-proof quilt laying and rolling integrated machine is realized;
(4) And (3) spring shelf-free cultivation: when the winter comes, the cold-proof quilt is automatically rolled up from one end of the planting ditch to the other end by utilizing the rolling mechanism of the cold-proof quilt laying and rolling integrated machine, and at the moment, the vines are fixed on the first steel wire for a long time without moving.
Above-mentioned technical scheme, through setting up collapsible hack lever, winter protection quilt and lay the roll-up all-in-one, combine the operation of binding up of grape planting in-process branch and tendril, can realize that the grape is planted in-process exempts from to put the frame and overwintering, simplified the operation process of grape overwintering, improved the efficiency of grape operation of overwintering, simultaneously, when the cultivation in the coming year, also need not to carry out the operation that branch and tendril put on the frame, and then improved the efficiency of grape spring cultivation, whole mechanization, degree of automation are high.
Further, in the method, the cold-proof quilt laying and rolling integrated machine comprises a frame, a laying mechanism and a rolling mechanism; the laying mechanism comprises a laying travelling wheel, a ditching plow, a cloth rolling device, a positioning roller, a cloth pressing wheel and a soil covering wheel which are sequentially arranged; the cloth rolling device comprises a cloth rolling frame and a cloth rolling roller arranged on the cloth rolling frame; the rolling mechanism comprises a rolling frame, a hook rod, a limit roller, a rolling roller and a rolling motor, wherein the hook rod, the limit roller and the rolling roller are sequentially arranged on the rolling frame, the rolling motor is connected with the rolling roller, and rolling travelling wheels are arranged on the side parts of the rolling frame. Through the laying mechanism, ditching of planting ditches, tiling and pressing of the cold-proof quilt into soil and earthing fixation of two sides of the cold-proof quilt can be realized, and further laying of the cold-proof quilt is completed; the cold-proof quilt can be hooked and rolled up through the rolling mechanism; this all-in-one is through mechanized laying and roll-up, effectively improves winter protection quilt and lays the efficiency of roll-up, reduces artificial intensity of labour.
Further, in the method, the cold-proof quilt laying and rolling integrated machine further comprises a transverse hydraulic rod; the number of the winding mechanisms is 2, and the winding mechanisms are detachably connected with two sides of the frame through transverse hydraulic rods respectively; the distance between the rolling mechanism and the frame can be adjusted, and the rolling mechanism and the frame can be separated according to the requirement.
Further, according to the method, the cloth rolling frame can move transversely along the frame, and the ditching plow and the earthing wheel can move up and down along the frame; so that the cloth roller, the ditching plow and the earthing wheel can be adjusted according to the requirements.
Further, the method comprises that the rolling frame comprises a transverse plate, a longitudinal hydraulic rod, a frame and a positioning device arranged between the transverse plate and the frame, which are sequentially connected from top to bottom; the positioning device comprises a positioning rod and a positioning sleeve which are in sliding sleeve joint with each other; the hook rod, the limit roller, the winding roller and the winding travelling wheel are arranged on the frame; the hook rod, the limit roller, the winding roller and the winding travelling wheel can be driven by the frame to integrally move up and down according to requirements.
Further, according to the method, a plurality of protruding blocks are arrayed on the roller surface of the limit roller; the friction between the cold-proof quilt and the limit roller is increased, and the cold-proof quilt is reduced to slide when being rolled.
Further, the method comprises that the winding roller comprises 2 discs which are arranged in parallel, a plurality of connecting plates which are arranged between the 2 discs, and a rotating shaft which is arranged outside the discs; all the connecting plates are sequentially arranged in a surrounding manner to form a cylindrical roller surface, and gaps are reserved between the adjacent connecting plates; the rotating shaft of the winding roller is connected with a winding motor. The cylindrical roller surface that the link plate encloses is convenient for winter protection on the one hand by the terminal stopper gap of inserting, on the other hand can lighten the weight of roll-up roller, and simultaneously, 2 discs can increase the intensity of cylindrical roller surface, ensures going on smoothly of roll-up process.
Further, according to the method, the foldable hack lever comprises a fixing lever and a folding lever, the fixing lever and the folding lever are hinged through a hinge and are fixed through a buckle, wire penetrating rings are arranged on two sides of a lever body of the fixing lever, and hooks are arranged on two sides of the lever body of the folding lever. The folding of the hack lever is realized by a mode of putting down the folding lever; through setting up wire ring, couple, realize the fixed of steel wire.
Further, the method comprises the step of integrally processing the hooks, wherein the hooks comprise an inner inclined section, a vertical section and an outer inclined section which are sequentially connected; the vertical section is parallel with the rod body of the folding rod, and the inner inclined section and the outer inclined section are both arranged in an upward inclined manner. The hook has the advantages that on one hand, the included angle between the inner inclined section and the vertical section is smaller, the connection strength of the whole hook and the folding rod can be ensured, and on the other hand, the inclined upper opening of the outer inclined section is arranged to provide a certain guiding effect for hanging the steel wire into the hook, so that the steel wire is more convenient to hang into the hook.
Further, the cold-proof quilt comprises an outer cold-proof layer, a heat preservation layer, a moisture preservation layer and an inner cold-proof layer which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside; the heat preservation layer comprises a non-woven fabric wrapping bag and polystyrene particles arranged in the non-woven fabric wrapping bag, and the moisture preservation layer is plastic cloth provided with ventilation holes; the cold-proof quilt has better heat preservation and moisture preservation effects by arranging the heat preservation layer and the moisture preservation layer.
The method for cultivating the grape without putting the grape on the shelf and burying the soil in the winter has the beneficial effects that by arranging the foldable hack lever, the cold-proof quilt and the cold-proof quilt, the technology of putting the grape on the shelf, mechanically laying and rolling the cold-proof quilt and putting the grape on the shelf is realized in combination with the binding operation of the branches and tendrils in the grape planting process, the grape overwintering survival rate is effectively improved, the cost of the conventional soil burying and putting the grape on the shelf is obviously reduced, the labor input is greatly reduced, the ecological cultivation of the grasses among the rows can be realized, and the grape without putting the grape on the shelf and burying the soil in the winter is thoroughly realized from the cultivation technology in the northwest area; the environment can be improved, soil is not needed to be buried any more, grass can naturally grow among grape rows, and the effects of fixing sand and protecting ecology are achieved; the cold-proof quilt laying and rolling integrated machine is used, so that the mechanization and automation degree of the cold-proof quilt laying and rolling are greatly improved, the positions of functional components of the laying and rolling mechanism are adjustable, and the use flexibility is high; the foldable hack lever can realize the no-falling and no-falling of grape branches and tendrils; the structure of the cold-proof quilt can ensure better cold-proof, heat-preserving and moisture-preserving effects when the grape overwinters.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a top view of a cold-proof quilt laying and rolling integrated machine in embodiment 2;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the cold-proof quilt laying and rolling integrated machine in embodiment 2;
fig. 3 and 4 are perspective structure diagrams of the cold-proof quilt laying and rolling integrated machine in embodiment 2;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion A of FIG. 4;
fig. 6 is a structural view of the foldable hack lever in embodiment 4;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a portion B of FIG. 6;
fig. 8 is a state diagram of the foldable hack lever in embodiment 5 when folded down.
The codes in the drawings are respectively: 1. a frame; 2. a paving mechanism; 2-1, paving travelling wheels; 2-2, a ditching plow; 2-3, a cloth rolling device; 2-31, a cloth rolling frame; 2-32, a cloth roller; 2-4, positioning rollers; 2-5, cloth pressing wheels; 2-6, a soil covering wheel; 3. a winding mechanism; 3-1, a rolling frame; 3-11, transverse plates; 3-12, a longitudinal hydraulic rod; 3-12, a frame; 3-14, positioning rod; 3-15, positioning sleeve; 3-2, hooking rod; 3-3, a limit roller; 3-4, a winding roller; 3-41, a disc; 3-42, connecting plates; 3-43, a rotating shaft; 3-5, a winding motor; 3-6, rolling up the travelling wheel; 4. a transverse hydraulic rod; 5-1, fixing rods; 5-2, folding bars; 5-3, buckling; 5-4, threading rings; 5-5, hooking; 5-51, an inner inclined section; 5-52, vertical section; 5-53, outer inclined section.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The method for cultivating grape in northwest without putting the grape down on the shelf and burying soil for overwintering is realized by a foldable hack lever, a cold-proof quilt and a cold-proof quilt laying and rolling integrated machine which is simultaneously provided with a laying mechanism for laying the cold-proof quilt and a rolling mechanism for rolling the cold-proof quilt.
A method for cultivating grape in northwest region without putting grape down frame and burying soil for overwintering comprises the following steps:
(1) Digging planting furrows and building a hedge frame: digging a planting ditch on a planting land, and constructing a hedge frame for binding grape branches and tendrils; the hedge frame comprises a plurality of foldable hack levers which are sequentially arranged, and steel wires which are arranged between the adjacent foldable hack levers;
(2) Planting grapes: planting grapes in the planting ditches, and binding the main vines of the grapes on a first steel wire from bottom to top;
(3) Overwintering without taking off the frame: in the northwest soil-buried cold-proof area, when winter comes, the vines need to be untied, and then the vines are overwhelmed and sequentially spliced, so that the soil is buried conveniently; the technology for overwintering without putting the grape vines on the first steel wire for a long time, when the grape vines come in winter, all the foldable hack levers are put down, at the moment, each planting row is in a horizontal state that the first steel wire is 40cm away from the ground, and then one end of a cold-proof quilt is automatically laid to the other end from one end of a planting ditch by using a laying mechanism of a cold-proof quilt laying and rolling integrated machine, so that a mechanized non-putting-down soil-burying overwintering cultivation mode of the foldable hack levers, the cold-proof quilt and the cold-proof quilt laying and rolling integrated machine is realized;
(4) And (3) spring shelf-free cultivation: when the winter comes, the cold-proof quilt is automatically rolled up from one end of the planting ditch to the other end by utilizing the rolling mechanism of the cold-proof quilt laying and rolling integrated machine, and at the moment, the vines are fixed on the first steel wire for a long time without moving.
According to the invention, through research and development improvement of cold-proof quilt materials, foldable hack levers and cold-proof quilt laying and rolling integrated machines, a set of mature cultivation method for grape in northwest areas without taking off the frames and burying soil for overwintering is formed, and demonstration and application of a certain area are obtained; specifically, by using the method of the embodiment 1, the cost can be saved by about 200 yuan for 1 mu of land, meanwhile, the environment can be improved, soil is not needed to be buried any more, grass can naturally grow among grape rows, and the effects of fixing wind sand and protecting ecology are achieved.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the specific structure of the cold-proof quilt laying and rolling integrated machine in embodiment 1 is as follows.
The cold-proof quilt laying and rolling integrated machine comprises a frame, a laying mechanism, a rolling mechanism and a transverse hydraulic rod;
the laying mechanism comprises a laying travelling wheel, a ditching plow, a cloth rolling device, a positioning roller, a cloth pressing wheel and a soil covering wheel which are sequentially arranged; the cloth rolling device comprises a cloth rolling frame and a cloth rolling roller arranged on the cloth rolling frame; the cloth rolling frame is connected with the frame through a sliding block, the sliding block can move transversely along the frame, so that the cloth rolling frame can move transversely along the frame, and finally, the cloth rolling roller is driven to move transversely; the plow arm of the ditching plow can move up and down along the frame, so that the ditching depth of the ditching plow can be adjusted according to the requirement; the earthing wheel is connected with the frame through the connecting rod, and the connecting rod can follow the oscilaltion, and then adjusts earthing wheel's altitude from the ground according to the demand, namely, adjustment earthing degree.
The rolling mechanism comprises a rolling frame, a hook rod, a limit roller, a rolling roller and a rolling motor, wherein the hook rod, the limit roller and the rolling roller are sequentially arranged on the rolling frame, the rolling motor is connected with the rolling roller, and rolling travelling wheels are arranged on the side part of the rolling frame; the rolling frame comprises a transverse plate, a longitudinal hydraulic rod and a frame which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, and a positioning device arranged between the transverse plate and the frame; the positioning device comprises a positioning rod and a positioning sleeve which are in sliding sleeve joint with each other; the hook rod, the limit roller, the winding roller and the winding travelling wheel are arranged on the frame; the distance between the frame and the transverse plate is adjusted by utilizing the longitudinal hydraulic rod, so that the overall ground clearance height of functional components such as the hook rod, the limiting roller, the rolling travelling wheel and the like is adjusted according to requirements, and meanwhile, under the positioning of the positioning device, the deviation in the adjustment process is avoided. A plurality of convex blocks are arranged on the roller surface of the limit roller in an array manner; the friction force between the cold-proof quilt and the limit roller is increased, and the cold-proof quilt is reduced to slide in the rolling process. The winding roller comprises 2 discs which are arranged in parallel, a plurality of connecting plates which are arranged between the 2 discs, and a rotating shaft which is arranged outside the discs; all the connecting plates are sequentially arranged in a surrounding manner to form a cylindrical roller surface, and gaps are reserved between the adjacent connecting plates; the rotating shaft of the winding roller is connected with a winding motor; the cylindricality roll surface that the link plate encloses, the cold-proof quilt end of being convenient for when being rolled up inserts the gap with the cold-proof quilt on the one hand, on the other hand can alleviate the weight of roll-up roller, simultaneously, 2 disc multiplicable cylindricality roll surface's intensity ensures going on smoothly of roll-up process.
The number of the winding mechanisms is 2, and the winding mechanisms are detachably connected with two sides of the frame through transverse hydraulic rods respectively; namely, one end of the transverse hydraulic rod is connected with the frame, and the other end of the transverse hydraulic rod is detachably connected with a rolling frame of the rolling mechanism through a bolt. Above-mentioned structure, the mode of accessible adjustment horizontal hydraulic stem, the distance between adjustment roll-up mechanism and the frame, roll-up mechanism still can be separated with the frame as required, in addition, the symmetry setting of 2 roll-up mechanisms improves the winter protection by the efficiency of roll-up on the one hand, on the other hand can make the all-in-one operation more steady.
Example 3
The cold-proof quilt laying and rolling integrated machine of the embodiment 2 has the working procedures that one end of the cold-proof quilt is rolled on a cloth roller of a cloth rolling device, then the tail end of the cold-proof quilt passes through the upper part of the roller surface of a positioning roller and the lower part of the roller surface of a cloth pressing wheel in sequence, and finally covers the soil surface of a grape planting ditch on which the cold-proof quilt is to be laid, and then the end of the cold-proof quilt is fixed in the soil by an external fixing device; along with the advancing of the all-in-one, ditching is carried out on two sides of a planting ditch by a ditching plow, the cold-proof quilt is rolled up from the roller surface of the cloth roller gradually, the upper part of the roller surface of the positioning roller is positioned, the lower part of the roller surface of the cloth pressing wheel is pressed on the soil surface, and finally, the two sides of the cold-proof quilt are covered with soil and fixed by the soil covering wheel, so that the laying work of the cold-proof quilt is completed.
The cold-proof quilt rolling working process of the cold-proof quilt laying and rolling integrated machine of the embodiment 2 comprises the steps of picking up one end of the cold-proof quilt laid on a planting ditch, sequentially passing through the upper part of a rod body of a hook rod and the upper part of a roller body of a limit roller, finally bypassing the roller surface of the rolling roller from the lower part of the roller surface of the rolling roller, and fixing in a gap between adjacent connecting plates; along with the advancing of all-in-one, collude the pole and collude the winter protection quilt both sides gradually from soil, spacing roller is propped up the winter protection quilt and is spacing, and at this moment, under the effect of roll-up motor, the roll-up roller begins to operate and constantly carries out the roll-up to the winter protection quilt to accomplish the roll-up work of winter protection quilt.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the specific structure of the foldable hack lever in embodiment 1 is as follows.
The foldable hack lever comprises a fixing lever and a folding lever, the fixing lever and the folding lever are hinged through a hinge and are fixed through a buckle, a plurality of threading rings are symmetrically arranged on two sides of a lever body of the fixing lever, and a plurality of hooks are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the lever body of the folding lever; the fixing rod is inserted into the soil to fix, the folding rod is positioned on the ground, the folding rod is bent through the hinge and the buckle, and the steel wire of the hedge frame is fixed on the foldable hack lever through the wire penetrating ring and the hook.
The hook is integrally processed and comprises an inner inclined section, a vertical section and an outer inclined section which are sequentially connected; the vertical section is parallel with the rod body of the folding rod, and the inner inclined section and the outer inclined section are both arranged in an upward inclined manner. The hook is of a twice-bent structure, and the integral strength of the hook can be improved through integral processing; the included angle between the inner inclined section and the vertical section is smaller, so that the connection strength of the hook and the folding rod can be ensured; the oblique upward opening of the outer inclined section provides a certain guiding function for the steel wire to be hung into the hook, and is more convenient for the steel wire to be hung into the hook.
Example 5
The foldable hack lever in the embodiment 4 is used in the process that a fixed rod is buried in the soil at a depth of 50cm, then a lower steel wire sequentially penetrates through a wire penetrating ring of an adjacent foldable hack lever, an upper steel wire is sequentially hung into a hook of the adjacent foldable hack lever, and grape branches and tendrils are sequentially fixed on the steel wire; the folding rod is folded and laid down along the hinge (as shown in fig. 8) by opening the buckle to separate the fixing rod from the folding rod, and then the grape vine is laid down along with the folding rod; when the spring comes, the folding rod is supported and fixed with the fixing rod by the buckle, and the operation is convenient.
Example 6
The specific structure of the cold-proof quilt in example 1 is as follows.
The cold-proof quilt comprises an outer cold-proof layer, a heat preservation layer, a moisturizing layer and an inner cold-proof layer which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside; the outer cold-proof layer can be made of woven geotextile, the inner cold-proof layer can be made of short fiber needled geotextile, and the air permeability and the wear resistance are good while cold-proof; the heat preservation layer comprises a non-woven fabric wrapping bag and polystyrene particles arranged in the non-woven fabric wrapping bag, and the polystyrene particles can be utilized to play a better role in heat preservation; the moisturizing layer is plastic cloth with ventilation holes, plays a role in moisturizing, and has certain ventilation property, so that grape branches and tendrils can breathe conveniently.
Claims (4)
1. A method for cultivating grape in northwest without putting the grape in the shelf and burying soil for overwintering is characterized in that,
the method is realized by a foldable hack lever, a cold-proof quilt and a cold-proof quilt laying and rolling integrated machine, wherein the cold-proof quilt laying and rolling integrated machine is simultaneously provided with a laying mechanism for laying the cold-proof quilt and a rolling mechanism for rolling the cold-proof quilt;
the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Digging planting furrows and building a hedge frame: digging a planting ditch on a planting land, and constructing a hedge frame for binding grape branches and tendrils; the hedge frame comprises a plurality of foldable hack levers which are sequentially arranged, and steel wires which are arranged between the adjacent foldable hack levers;
(2) Planting grapes: planting grapes in the planting ditches, and binding the main vines of the grapes on a first steel wire from bottom to top;
(3) Overwintering without taking off the frame: the grape vines are fixed on the first steel wire for a long time; in a northwest soil-buried cold-proof area, when winter comes, all foldable hack levers are put down, at the moment, each planting row is in a horizontal state that a first steel wire is at a certain distance from the ground, and then a laying mechanism of a cold-proof quilt laying and rolling integrated machine is utilized to automatically lay the cold-proof quilt from one end of a planting ditch to the other end, so that a mechanized non-falling soil-buried overwintering cultivation mode of the foldable hack levers, the cold-proof quilt and the cold-proof quilt laying and rolling integrated machine is realized;
(4) And (3) spring shelf-free cultivation: when the winter is temporary, the cold-proof quilt is automatically rolled from one end of the planting ditch to the other end by utilizing a rolling mechanism of the cold-proof quilt laying and rolling integrated machine, and at the moment, the vines are fixed on the first steel wire for a long time without moving;
the cold-proof quilt laying and rolling integrated machine comprises a frame, a laying mechanism and a rolling mechanism;
the laying mechanism comprises a laying travelling wheel, a ditching plow, a cloth rolling device, a positioning roller, a cloth pressing wheel and a soil covering wheel which are sequentially arranged; the cloth rolling device comprises a cloth rolling frame and a cloth rolling roller arranged on the cloth rolling frame; the cloth rolling frame can move transversely along the frame, and the ditching plow and the soil covering wheel can move up and down along the frame;
the rolling mechanism comprises a rolling frame, a hook rod, a limit roller, a rolling roller and a rolling motor, wherein the hook rod, the limit roller and the rolling roller are sequentially arranged on the rolling frame, the rolling motor is connected with the rolling roller, and rolling travelling wheels are arranged on the side part of the rolling frame; a plurality of convex blocks are arranged on the roller surface of the limit roller in an array manner; the winding roller comprises 2 discs which are arranged in parallel, a plurality of connecting plates which are arranged between the 2 discs, and a rotating shaft which is arranged outside the discs; all the connecting plates are sequentially arranged in a surrounding manner to form a cylindrical roller surface, and gaps are reserved between the adjacent connecting plates; the rotating shaft of the winding roller is connected with a winding motor;
the rolling frame comprises a transverse plate, a longitudinal hydraulic rod, a frame and a positioning device, wherein the transverse plate, the longitudinal hydraulic rod and the frame are sequentially connected from top to bottom; the positioning device comprises a positioning rod and a positioning sleeve which are in sliding sleeve joint with each other; the hook rod, the limit roller, the winding roller and the winding travelling wheel are arranged on the frame;
the cold-proof quilt laying and rolling integrated machine further comprises a transverse hydraulic rod; the number of the winding mechanisms is 2, and the winding mechanisms are detachably connected with two sides of the frame through transverse hydraulic rods respectively;
the cold-proof quilt rolling working process of the cold-proof quilt laying and rolling integrated machine comprises the steps of lifting one end of a cold-proof quilt laid on a planting ditch, sequentially passing through the upper part of a rod body of a hook rod and the upper part of a roller body of a limit roller, finally bypassing the roller surface of the rolling roller from the lower part of the roller surface of the rolling roller, and fixing in a gap between adjacent connecting plates; along with the advancing of all-in-one, collude the pole and collude the winter protection quilt both sides gradually from soil, spacing roller is propped up the winter protection quilt and is spacing, and at this moment, under the effect of roll-up motor, the roll-up roller begins to operate and constantly carries out the roll-up to the winter protection quilt to accomplish the roll-up work of winter protection quilt.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the foldable hack lever comprises a fixing lever and a folding lever, the fixing lever and the folding lever are hinged through a hinge and fixed through a buckle, threading rings are arranged on two sides of a lever body of the fixing lever, and hooks are arranged on two sides of the lever body of the folding lever.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the hook is integrally machined and comprises an inner inclined section, a vertical section and an outer inclined section which are sequentially connected; the vertical section is parallel with the rod body of the folding rod, and the inner inclined section and the outer inclined section are both arranged in an upward inclined manner.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the cold-proof quilt comprises an outer cold-proof layer, a heat-insulating layer, a moisture-preserving layer and an inner cold-proof layer which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside; the heat preservation layer comprises a non-woven fabric wrapping bag and polystyrene particles arranged in the non-woven fabric wrapping bag, and the moisture preservation layer is plastic cloth provided with ventilation holes.
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| CN202210838995.3A CN115380747B (en) | 2022-07-18 | 2022-07-18 | Method for overwintering cultivation of grapes without putting off frames and buried soil in northwest region |
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| CN202210838995.3A CN115380747B (en) | 2022-07-18 | 2022-07-18 | Method for overwintering cultivation of grapes without putting off frames and buried soil in northwest region |
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| CN115380747A (en) | 2022-11-25 |
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