CN103299875A - V-shaped grape trellis and grape cultivation method - Google Patents
V-shaped grape trellis and grape cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103299875A CN103299875A CN2013102436595A CN201310243659A CN103299875A CN 103299875 A CN103299875 A CN 103299875A CN 2013102436595 A CN2013102436595 A CN 2013102436595A CN 201310243659 A CN201310243659 A CN 201310243659A CN 103299875 A CN103299875 A CN 103299875A
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- 241000219095 Vitis Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 26
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- UUTKICFRNVKFRG-WDSKDSINSA-N (4R)-3-[oxo-[(2S)-5-oxo-2-pyrrolidinyl]methyl]-4-thiazolidinecarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H]1CSCN1C(=O)[C@H]1NC(=O)CC1 UUTKICFRNVKFRG-WDSKDSINSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 14
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000219094 Vitaceae Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000021021 grapes Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 201000004384 Alopecia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003676 hair loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007115 recruitment Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009369 viticulture Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a V-shaped grape trellis and a grape cultivation method. The grape trellis comprises vertical rods which are arranged in a matrix manner, cross arms arranged on the vertical rods and connecting lines for connecting the cross arms, wherein the height of each vertical rod ranges from 1.8 m to 1.9 m, the rod distance between every two vertical rods ranges from 4.0 m to 6.0 m, and a line distance ranges from 2.0 m to 2.6 m; the cross arms are arranged in the positions 50 cm and 100 cm away from the ground, as well as the top of each vertical rod, the lengths of the cross arms are sequentially reduced from top to bottom, and the cross arms include an upper-layer cross arm with the length ranging from 70 cm to 80 cm, a middle-layer cross arm with the length ranging from 50 cm to 60 cm, and a lower-layer cross arm with the length ranging from 30 cm to 40 cm; ends parts of the corresponding cross arms between the vertical rods are horizontally connected through the connecting lines. According to the V-shaped grape trellis and the grape cultivation method, six main-branch V-shaped tree shapes trimmed by the grape trellis have neat buds, multiple growing points and high and stable yields, and the topiary technology is simple and easy to operate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, particularly a kind of method that makes the grape trellis of grape high-yield and utilize this grape trellis cultivation.
Background technology
Along with growing and scientific and technical the advancing by leaps and bounds of agriculture cultivation technology, the level of viticulture technology is also more and more higher.Existing grape trellis shape is a lot, is to pull out two horizontal lines in T shape vertical rod both sides as traditional T shape stand, the grape tendril is drawn be attached on stand and the horizontal line, this mode tree vigo(u)r growth is prosperous, ventilation and penetrating light is poor, and the fruit quality of tying is not high, can not satisfy the needs of wine-growing.The novel grape trellis introduced of some grape trellis such as Chinese patent 200810194518.8 and Chinese patent 200620078385.4 also, its grape pruning technique complexity, the beginner is difficult for grasping its technical key point.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of V-arrangement grape trellis and grape cultivation method, and the six major branch V-arrangement tree type rudiments that utilize this grape trellis to prune are neat, and growing point is many, the energy stable and high yields, and shaping technique is simple, operation easily.
Technical problem of the present invention realizes with following technical proposals:
A kind of V-arrangement grape trellis, described grape trellis comprises the vertical rod that matrix form is arranged, cross-arm in the vertical rod and the connecting line that is connected cross-arm, described vertical rod highly is 1.8-1.9m, pole clearance 4.0-6.0m between the vertical rod, line-spacing 2.0-2.6m, in vertical rod apart from ground 50cm, 100cm and top arrange cross-arm respectively, its length reduces from top to bottom successively, be called the upper strata cross-arm, middle level cross-arm and lower floor's cross-arm, wherein, the upper strata cross-arm is 70-80cm, middle level cross-arm 50-60cm, lower floor's cross-arm length is 30-40cm, and the end of corresponding cross-arm connects with the connecting line level between the vertical rod.
Above-mentioned V-arrangement grape trellis, the pole clearance 4.5-5.5m between the described vertical rod, line-spacing 2.2-2.4m, bar density is 56-61/667m
2
Above-mentioned V-arrangement grape trellis, described connecting line are iron wire or zinc-coated wire.
A kind of grape cultivation method, it utilizes described V-arrangement grape trellis, and vine is trimmed to six major branch V-arrangement tree types, described six major branch V-arrangement tree types are to cultivate two side shoots of V-arrangement in the vine bottom: V-arrangement left side branch and V-arrangement right side branch, turn out three branches on each side shoot respectively, form six major branches, all the other branches are erased from base portion.
Above-mentioned grape cultivation method, it also comprises: when the winter cuts with six branches at the connecting line place of lower floor's cross-arm correspondence cutting back; After the rudiment in spring in 1 year, each major branch stays 2-3 bud uprightly to draw and ties up on the connecting line of middle level cross-arm and upper strata cross-arm correspondence; To the branch of fruit ear is arranged, the pinching of 3-5 sheet leaf is stayed on fruit ear top, and the sublateral shoot that germinates between the following axil of fruit ear is erased from base portion, and the sublateral shoot that germinates between the above axil of fruit ear is stayed the pinching of a slice leaf; Branch to no fruit ear stays the pinching of 8-10 sheet leaf, and the sublateral shoot that germinates between axil is erased from base portion.
Scientific utilization of the present invention the strong characteristics of grape polar growth, whole branches vertical growth all in the six major branch V-arrangement tree types has solved other tree type top in spring branch germination rate height, bottom branch eye is not sprouted, the vigorous growth of grape top, the phenomenon of bottom baldness.Tree type of the present invention is short, because ground vertical rod highly is 180-190cm, highly be generally 160-170cm after grape branch is sagging, be easy to carry out field operations such as vegetables and fruits, pinching, and because of winter beta pruning bar length unanimity, the position unanimity of yielding positive results, setting fruit position is mostly at 60-70cm place, distance ground, fruit ear is straight line, is easy to gather the time and labour saving.
Grape is planted and can be become six major branch V-arrangement tree types by trimming and finishing in back 1 year, and shaping technique is simple, and the grower operates easily.1 year spring newborn branch is upwards uprightly drawn and tie up, stay the 2-3 bud to cut to annotinous branch when the winter cuts and cut.The hibernaculum that 1 year winter in spring cut reservation can both sprout, and rudiment is neat, and effectively growing point is many, and the beginning result can reach high yield, is the tree type of stable and high yields.
The set grape trellis of the present invention is made up of three cross-arms in vertical rod and the vertical rod, three cross-arms increase from bottom to top successively, the end of each cross-arm between the adjacent vertical rod is linked to each other by the connecting line level, constitute three layers of climbing layer of grape tendril, be respectively upper strata climbing layer, middle level climbing layer, lower floor's climbing layer.When the winter cuts with branch at the connecting line place of lower floor's cross-arm correspondence cutting back; After the rudiment in spring in 1 year, branch is growth upwards, in being respectively fixed to certain altitude, the connecting line place of upper strata cross-arm correspondence, the branch of grape tendril further growth is distributed on the upper, middle and lower-ranking climbing layer, illuminating area is big, branch daylighting is evenly reasonable, and the vine type of formation has ventilation, characteristics that light transmission is good, can improve the output of grape and the quality of fruit.Wherein, lower floor's climbing layer has fixedly grape bottom branch and the fixedly function of fruit ear, the function of middle level climbing layer fixing middle part branch and load-bearing fruit ear, and upper strata climbing layer mainly is fixing grape top branch, daylighting rationally simultaneously guarantees that blade carries out sufficient photosynthesis.The inserted part of fruit ear concentrates between middle level and the lower floor's climbing layer, because the calcination of sunlight direct projection to fruit avoided in covering of middle level and upper strata climbing layer blade, makes fruit painted good, and profile is good.
The present invention adopts tree types of vertical growth of skeleton branch, is fit to dense planting, the yield per unit area height.The plot of every mu of field planting 350-380 strain, field planting can obtain 2000 kilograms of output in 1 year; Can realize stable yields more than 3000 kilograms every year after the 3rd year, is suitable for northern facility cultivation and the south not higher density outdoor cropping in soil burial winter protection area in winter.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of grape support body of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of vine type of the present invention.
Each list of reference numerals is among the figure: 1, cross-arm, 2, connecting line, 3, grape branch, 4, V-arrangement right side branch, 5, V-arrangement left side branch, 6, vertical rod.
Embodiment
Be described in further detail below in conjunction with the present invention of embodiment.
As shown in Figure 1, grape trellis of the present invention is built: grape trellis comprises vertical rod 6, the cross-arm 1 in the vertical rod 6 and the connecting line 2 that is connected cross-arm 1 that matrix form is arranged.The pole clearance 4.0-6.0 rice between the vertical rod 6 wherein, line-spacing 2.0-2.6 rice.Be preferably pole clearance 4.5-5.5 rice, line-spacing 2.2-2.4 rice.Bar density is preferably 56-61/667m
2Vertical rod 6 is 2.3-2.5m highly, buries native 50-60cm, and ground vertical rod highly is 180-190cm.Lower floor's cross-arm that length is 30-40cm is established in vertical rod 6 apart from ground 50cm place, establish the middle level cross-arm of length 50-60cm apart from ground 100cm place, and the upper strata cross-arm of length 70-80cm is established at the vertical rod top.In each row vertical rod, two ends of the lower floor's cross-arm between adjacent two vertical rods 6, middle level cross-arm, upper strata cross-arm connect with connecting line 2 levels respectively, constitute three layers of climbing layer of grape tendril, be called upper strata climbing layer, middle level climbing layer and lower floor's climbing layer, make the V-arrangement grape trellis.Connecting line 2 can be iron wire or zinc-coated wire.
As shown in Figure 2, the tree type is cultivated: grape seedlings is planted between two vertical rods, planting density: spacing in the rows 0.5-1.0m, line-spacing 2.0-2.6m, preferred spacing in the rows 0.6-0.8m, line-spacing 2.2-2.4m, the 4-10 strain vine of can planting between two vertical rods of every row is preferably the 6-8 strain of planting.The grape planting density is 350-500 strain/mu, and preferred planting density is 350-370 strain/mu.
After the grape seedlings field planting survives, in the 20cm place pinching of distance ground; V-arrangement is cultivated two side shoots, i.e. V-arrangement left side branch 5 and V-arrangement right side branch 4, pinching respectively when two side shoot length to 20 centimetre.On V-arrangement left side branch 5, cultivate a branch apart from a side of V-arrangement base portion 10 centimeters, cultivate a branch again apart from the opposite side of V-arrangement base portion 20 centimeters, the elongated shoot of V-arrangement left side branch 5 is cultivated into the 3rd branch, and all the other branches are erased from base portion.Simultaneously, cultivate equally on the V-arrangement right side branch 4.Three branches are respectively cultivated in both sides thus, namely cultivate into the tree type of six major branch V-arrangements.
Prune and management: when the winter cuts to six branches at the connecting line place of lower floor's cross-arm correspondence cutting back.After the rudiment in spring in 1 year, stay two to three buds uprightly to draw on the connecting line of tiing up middle level cross-arm, upper strata cross-arm correspondence to each major branch.To the branch of fruit ear is arranged, the pinching of 3-5 sheet leaf is stayed on fruit ear top, stays the pinching repeatedly of 2-3 sheet leaf afterwards, and the sublateral shoot that germinates between the following axil of fruit ear is erased from base portion, and the sublateral shoot that germinates between the above axil of fruit ear is stayed the pinching of a slice leaf; Branch to no fruit ear stays the pinching of 8-10 sheet leaf, then stays the pinching repeatedly of 2-3 sheet leaf, and the sublateral shoot that germinates between axil is erased from base portion.
Embodiment 1
Spring in 2010 was planted 0.9 mu of greenhouse vine in Mancheng County luxuriant mountain village in Hebei province's, and kind is the U.S. summer 40.Booth is high 2.8 meters, and is wide 9 meters, long 70 meters, the vertical rod of internal arrangement cement, bar is high 1.9 meters, 5 meters of pole clearances, it is 40 centimetres, 60 centimetres, 80 centimetres lower floor's cross-arm, middle level cross-arm, upper strata cross-arm that 2.4 meters of line-spacings, vertical rod set gradually length from bottom to up, and each cross-arm end connects with iron wire level.Between vertical rod, plant grape, 0.6 meter of spacing in the rows, 2.4 meters of line-spacings, field planting 400 strains altogether.Adopt six major branch V-arrangement tree types.Field planting tree type shaping is then finished, by the end of November to six major branches, 3 centimeters cutting backs above the first road iron wire of lower floor's cross-arm correspondence.December 20, the button canopy heated up gradually, and on January 20th, 2011 beginning rudiment is bloomed by the end of February, grape maturity by the end of May, and 1800 kilograms of malagas, are taken in 3.7 ten thousand yuan by 25 yuan/kilogram.
Strengthened fertilizing amount in 2011, organic fertilizer 6 sides in ground manually detained and turned over mid-April, organic fertilizer 15 sides that ditch September, and malaga was 3110 kilograms in 2012, took in 60,000 yuan.
Embodiment 2
20 mu of grapes of Yunnan Province stone forest autonomous county field planting in 2011, kind is rich glad No. 1.10 mu are adopted six major branch V-arrangement tree types, 10 mu of employing hedge-frame tree types.0.7 meter of spacing in the rows, 2.6 meters of line-spacings, 350 of every mu of each field planting.Beginning result in 2012,12100 kilograms of six major branch V-arrangement tree type plot common property grapes, 1210 kilograms of average yield per mus, 7990 kilograms on hedge-frame tree type plot common property grape, 799 kilograms of average yield per mus, every per mu yield differs 411 kilograms.Six major branch V-arrangement tree types are compared with wattled fence frame tree type, and every per mu yield improves 51%, and single fringe is brought up again high by 18%, reduce the amount of labour used when winter cuts and reach 56%, prune the few recruitment 20% of management.Grape maturity at the beginning of 2013 5 months, 31300 kilograms of six major branch V-arrangement tree type plot malagas, 25200 kilograms of wattled fence frame tree type plot malagas, output differs 6100 kilograms.
Table 1 grape six major branch V-arrangement tree types in 2012 and wattled fence frame tree type data are relatively
Annotate: average fringe heavily is to select 100 even fruit ears at random, weighs and asks its mean value.
Claims (5)
1. V-arrangement grape trellis, grape trellis comprises the vertical rod (6) that matrix form is arranged, cross-arm (1) in the vertical rod (6) and the connecting line that is connected cross-arm (1) (2), it is characterized in that, described vertical rod (6) highly is 1.8-1.9m, pole clearance 4.0-6.0m between the vertical rod, line-spacing 2.0-2.6m, in vertical rod (6) apart from ground 50cm, 100cm and top arrange cross-arm respectively, be called the upper strata cross-arm, middle level cross-arm and lower floor's cross-arm, wherein, lower floor's cross-arm length is 30-40cm, middle level cross-arm length is 50-60cm, upper strata cross-arm length is 70-80cm, and the end of corresponding cross-arm (1) connects with connecting line (2) level between the vertical rod.
2. V-arrangement grape trellis according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the pole clearance 4.5-5.5m between the described vertical rod (6), line-spacing 2.2-2.4m, and bar density is 56-61/667m
2
3. V-arrangement grape trellis according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described connecting line (2) is iron wire or zinc-coated wire.
4. one kind is utilized the described grape trellis of claim 1 to carry out viticultural method, it is characterized in that, it utilizes described V-arrangement grape trellis, and vine is trimmed to six major branch V-arrangement tree types, described six major branch V-arrangement tree types are to cultivate two side shoots of V-arrangement in the vine bottom: V-arrangement left side branch (5) and V-arrangement right side branch (4), turn out three branches on each side shoot respectively, form six major branches, all the other branches are erased from base portion.
5. grape cultivation method according to claim 4 is characterized in that, it also comprises: when the winter cuts with six branches at the connecting line place of lower floor's cross-arm correspondence cutting back; After the rudiment in spring in 1 year, each major branch stays 2-3 bud uprightly to draw and ties up on the connecting line of middle level cross-arm and upper strata cross-arm correspondence; To the branch of fruit ear is arranged, the pinching of 3-5 sheet leaf is stayed on fruit ear top, and the sublateral shoot that germinates between the following axil of fruit ear is erased from base portion, and the sublateral shoot that germinates between the above axil of fruit ear is stayed the pinching of a slice leaf; Branch to no fruit ear stays the pinching of 8-10 sheet leaf, and the sublateral shoot that germinates between axil is erased from base portion.
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| CN103598055A (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2014-02-26 | 蓝山县新顺农牧业发展有限公司 | Pruning method for grapes |
| CN104145766A (en) * | 2014-08-05 | 2014-11-19 | 镇江万山红遍农业园 | Cultivation method for energy-saving kiwi fruit tree shape |
| CN104322350A (en) * | 2014-10-10 | 2015-02-04 | 江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所 | Grape trellis based on mechanized pruning trellis type |
| CN104885864A (en) * | 2015-05-19 | 2015-09-09 | 云南利农现代农业科技有限责任公司 | Grape flat suspended cultivation method |
| CN104920162A (en) * | 2015-06-11 | 2015-09-23 | 柳州市盛鑫隆花卉种植专业合作社 | Grape trellis construction method |
| CN107912223A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-04-17 | 定陶县金硕生态农产品种植专业合作社 | A kind of grape planting process |
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| CN109479610A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-03-19 | 中法合营王朝葡萄酿酒有限公司 | A kind of more main stem fan grape trellis remodeling methods |
| CN111684983A (en) * | 2020-08-02 | 2020-09-22 | 安徽鲁班建设投资集团有限公司 | Assembled fast-assembling grape trellis and assembling and erecting method |
| CN112655454A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-16 | 聊城职业技术学院 | Double-trellis cultivation method for fruit mulberry |
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| CN109479610A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-03-19 | 中法合营王朝葡萄酿酒有限公司 | A kind of more main stem fan grape trellis remodeling methods |
| CN111684983A (en) * | 2020-08-02 | 2020-09-22 | 安徽鲁班建设投资集团有限公司 | Assembled fast-assembling grape trellis and assembling and erecting method |
| CN111684983B (en) * | 2020-08-02 | 2023-10-24 | 安徽鲁班建设投资集团有限公司 | Assembled fast-assembling grape trellis and construction method |
| CN112655454A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-16 | 聊城职业技术学院 | Double-trellis cultivation method for fruit mulberry |
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| CN103299875B (en) | 2014-12-03 |
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Effective date of registration: 20210324 Address after: 071000 No. 501, unit 1, building 2, No. 438, Hengxiang North Street, Lianchi District, Baoding City, Hebei Province Patentee after: Li Wendong Address before: 071000 Baoding 188 mailbox Hebei aiboxin agricultural company Patentee before: HEBEI AIBOXIN AGRICULURE Co.,Ltd. |
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