CN111264285A - Grape over-winter cultivation method without shelf and soil burying by using cold-resistant rootstock high grafting - Google Patents
Grape over-winter cultivation method without shelf and soil burying by using cold-resistant rootstock high grafting Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention relates to a grape overwintering cultivation method without putting down a frame and burying soil by utilizing cold-resistant rootstock high grafting. Belongs to the technical field of grape cultivation. The purpose is to solve a series of problems of labor and time waste, cost increase, branch and vine damage, poor grape quality, ecological environment damage and the like caused by burying the grapes under the shelf in winter in the soil-buried cold-proof area. The cold resistance of the grape trunk is improved by planting the variety required by high grafting (60-130 cm) of the stock; cultivating grafted varieties of branches and tendrils in the next year, and cutting in winter to keep 50-60 cm of mature branches and tendrils; before sprouting in the third year, bending the stock at a position 10cm below a grafting connector to form a single Cujott L-shaped tree form in the same direction, and after normal fruiting, shaping, culturing and forming the stock according to the single Cujott L-shaped tree form or double single Cujott L-shaped trees in winter; and (3) white coating is carried out on the main trunk of the stock in winter, and all scion branches and the stock which is 10cm below the grafting opening are wrapped by adopting a cold-proof and moisture-preserving material, so that the cold resistance of the scion variety is improved. Finally, the grapes in the soil-buried cold-proof area are planted in the overwintering and cold-proof mode without being laid on shelves.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method in the technical field of grape cultivation in an earth-burying cold-proof area, in particular to a grape trellis-free earth-burying cold-proof overwintering cultivation method which is realized by utilizing a high grafting technology of a dry-pumping-resistant cold-resistant stock and adopting a heat-insulating and moisture-preserving material to wrap scion branches.
Background
The winter soil burying and cold protection are important measures for safe overwintering of grapes in northern China, are the main root cause of ecological damage, and are important factors for increasing production cost and reducing grape quality. In order to facilitate winter soil burying and cold protection, upright long stems, multiple main vine fan shapes and plant-shaped (inclined horizontal long stems) shaping modes (shown in an attached drawing 1) are adopted in northern grapes soil burying and cold protection areas in China, except that the quality of grapes obtained by the plant-shaped shaping modes is good, the fruit positions of the grapes are different in the other two modes, the quality difference of different clusters of the same grape is large, and uniform high-quality fresh grapes and wine grapes are difficult to obtain. Meanwhile, the three shaping modes need to be buried for winter protection in winter, before the buried for winter protection, the branches and tendrils of the grapes are manually bent one by one to be tightly attached to the ground and buried with soil, then the mechanical soil is covered for 60-80 cm in thickness to achieve safe overwintering, and the mechanical and manual soil removal is used for raising the grapes to be placed on the grape trellis in the second year, so that 400 yuan/666.6 m can be added in the process2The labor cost of about 40% of the whole year, and only this work can cause mechanical damage, partial bud injury and ecological damage to branches and tendrils of about 3-5% every year. In addition, the self-rooted seedlings are commonly adopted for field planting, the freezing injury of root systems in winter is serious, and the yield and the quality of the grapes are seriously influenced. In addition, the branches and tendrils of the grapes and the fruiting parts change year by year due to the operation of different workers for unearthing, putting on a shelf and binding, and a stable, standard and standardized tree form which is convenient for mechanical operation is difficult to form, so that the prices of the grapes and the wine in China are high, and the grapes and the wine are difficult to participate in international market competition.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a brand-new matched overwintering cold-proof technology for fixed planting of the stem-drawing-resistant and cold-resistant grape stocks, high grafting of green branches, trimming, packaging with heat-insulating materials and the like for the grape earth-buried cold-proof area by utilizing the high grafting of the stem-drawing-resistant and cold-resistant grape stocks, solves a series of problems of labor and time waste, cost increase, damage to branches and vines, poor grape quality, damage to the ecological environment and the like caused by earth-buried lower frames of the grapes in the winter, and realizes the non-frame-falling and earth-buried cold-proof overwintering cultivation of the grapes in the earth-buried cold-proof.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problem is as follows: the invention is realized by the following technical scheme, and provides a non-off-shelf overwintering and cold-proof cultivation method for grapes in a soil-buried cold-proof area, which mainly comprises the following six aspects:
(1) the method for planting the grape rootstock with the characteristics of dry extraction resistance and cold resistance comprises the following steps: firstly, digging planting furrows with the width of 60-80 cm and the depth of 70-100 cm according to the row spacing of 2.0-3.5 m. Is measured according to a length of 666.7m before ditching2For 10 to 15m3Uniformly spreading decomposed organic fertilizer on the surface layer of the planting furrows, then, carrying out processes of ditching, uniformly mixing surface soil and organic fertilizer, backfilling to the bottom layer of the planting furrows, backfilling core soil to the surface layer of the planting furrows, flattening to form the planting furrows with the depth of 5-10 cm and the like by using an excavator at one time, and carrying out irrigation and compaction to form the planting furrows with the depth of 10-20 cm. And planting the grape stocks (such as Riparia Glorie, 420A MGt, 196-17Cl, 161-49C, 3309C and hybrid vitis amurensis, northern red, levo-shou red and the like) with a plant spacing of 100-120 cm for one-year seedlings, wherein a bamboo rod or a thin steel bar with the length of 120-180 cm is inserted at the side of each seedling for binding the germinated branches and tendrils to ensure that the branches and tendrils vertically grow, and forming grape stock ground seedlings (see spring and summer in the attached figure 2).
(2) The grape variety grafting method comprises the following steps: and (3) in the current year of field planting, after the grape stock seedlings grow to be 80-150 cm high, when the branches and tendrils are semi-lignified at the position 60-130 cm away from the ground, keeping the height of the branches and tendrils to be 60-130 cm, cutting off top tips (note: grafting at the same height must be selected in the same field, the height is preferably 70-110 cm), grafting the needed grape varieties by adopting a green branch grafting technology, culturing according to a grafted seedling management technology, vertically binding newly-germinated scion branches on a bamboo pole or thin steel bars, ensuring that the base parts of the scion in the current year form 3-5 full and mature winter buds, and realizing simple packaging and safe overwintering (see summer, autumn and winter in attached figure 2). Likewise, a hard branch grafting method may also be employed: namely, the method comprises the steps of culturing the seedling of the rootstock in the ground in the first year, cutting mature branches in winter by 70-140 cm after leaves fall in winter, performing hard-branch grafting in the spring of the second year by keeping the height of 60-130 cm, and normally culturing according to the hard-branch grafted seedling (see attached figure 3).
(3) Shaping and trimming: after the grafted seedlings fall off in the first year, 2-3 full and mature scions are selected and retained for short cut pruning of winter buds. Selecting and reserving 1-2 newly germinated strong branches per plant in spring of the next year, directly binding the branches on bamboo poles or thin steel bars or culturing 1-2 rigid branch grafts of the seedlings of the rootstocks in the ground (see the spring of the second year in the attached figure 3), and scientifically managing to thicken, mature and age the branches and tendrils of the grapes to reach the expected growth height. After leaves fall in winter, 50-60 cm of mature branches and tendrils are cut for later use (shown in the second summer, autumn and winter of figure 4 and the second summer, autumn and winter of figure 3). And before sprouting in spring in the third year, removing the wrapping materials, bending all the plants 10cm below the grafting opening to form right angles on the stocks in the same direction, and horizontally binding the mature branches and tendrils cut by 50-60 cm on the first iron wire to form a single Gu-Yott L-shaped tree with the plant height of 50-120 cm. After the horizontal scion branches sprout, reserving one vertically upward growing strong branch every 20cm, vertically binding to a second silk and a third silk, removing redundant sprouts, and performing normal cultivation management, wherein 1-2 cluster fruits are reserved for each strong branch and vine, and no fruit or 1 cluster fruit is reserved for weak branches, so that all annual branches can grow normally (see figure 4, spring, summer and autumn in the third year). After leaves fall in winter, selecting and reserving 50-60 cm of annual branches at the base or the top, binding the annual branches forwards (single ancient special L-shaped) or backwards flattened (double single ancient special L-shaped or T-shaped) on a first thread, reserving 2-bud short scissors on the rest annual branches, and forming a complete single ancient special L-shaped shaping tree (shown in an attached figure 5) or double single ancient special L-shaped (T-shaped) shaping tree (shown in an attached figure 6). And after the fourth year, according to normal management, keeping the standard tree shape. If the horizontal extension branch can not reach the vertical trunk of the previous plant, the method can be used for continuously flattening the top vertical annual branch to the vertical trunk of the previous plant.
(4) Overwintering and cold proofing: after the leaves fall in autumn and the scions are cut in winter in the first year, the cold-resistant stocks and the scions which are drained are firstly white-coated by adopting a winter trunk white-coating agent (the main components are lime, carbendazim, lime-sulfur mixture, glue and the like), then the remaining scion branches and grafting openings are wrapped by adopting a cold-resistant and moisture-preserving material for 10cm next time, the wrapping is required to be tight, air leakage cannot occur (see the attached figure 2 of winter), and the traditional soil-burying method can be adopted for safe overwintering in the first year. In the next year, after pruning and forming in winter, the trunk whitewash agent for the trunk in winter is also used for whitewashing the trunk of the stock in winter, and then cold-proof and moisture-preserving materials are used for wrapping all scions and the stock (shown in figure 4) which is 10cm below the grafting opening or the horizontal bearing branch and the upright stock (shown in figure 5, figure 6 and figure 7) which is 10cm below the horizontal branch and requires tight wrapping without air leakage.
(5) Wrapping material:
the packaging material is flexible, foldable, environment-friendly, durable, heat-insulating and moisture-preserving, and can be rubber heat-insulating pipes, heat-insulating black-core quilts, various composite heat-insulating materials and the like.
(6) Releasing and storing the wrapping material:
before sprouting in spring every year, all heat-insulating materials are removed, normalized and ordered, bundled, stored in a storehouse, protected from light and moisture, the service life of the greenhouse is prolonged, and the greenhouse is stored in winter for reuse.
Has the advantages that: the implementation effect of the invention is mainly reflected in that: (1) ecological damage caused by soil burying and cold prevention of grapes in winter is avoided, and labor cost is reduced by about 40%; (2) the damage of branches and tendrils buried in soil in winter is avoided, the garden is tidy, and the yield of grapes is always maintained at a high constant level; (3) grape clusters are uniformly distributed at the same horizontal height, the growth of new shoots is mild, the flower bud differentiation of grapes is facilitated, the grape fruits are mature and consistent, the fresh grapes are fresh in color, delicious and good in quality, the active ingredient content of wine grapes is high, and high-quality raw materials can be provided for brewing high-quality wine; (4) all daily management of the vineyard, including grape picking and pruning (summer pruning and winter pruning), can realize mechanized operation, reduce the production cost; (5) the grape pruning is simple and easy to learn, and is convenient for farmers to master and operate; (6) the grape is planted by using the anti-draining and cold-resistant rootstock, so that the anti-draining and cold-resistant performance of the grape is improved, and the grape planting range can be expanded; (7) the heat preservation treatment operation time in winter is longer, so that the problem of labor shortage caused by traditional soil burying and cold prevention centralized labor can be avoided; (8) the use of a large number of machines such as tractors for burying and unearthing in winter is avoided, and the energy consumption and the environmental pollution caused by the emission of waste gas caused by the use of the machines are reduced.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a traditional common grape shaping method, fruiting conditions and winter protection in soil burying in winter.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the first year of the growth, grafting and winter pruning of the anti-draining and anti-adversity grape rootstock used in the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the first year stem-drawing-resistant and stress-resistant grape stock culture, the second year hard branch grafting, culture and winter pruning, heat preservation and cold protection adopted by the invention
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the growth of the grafted seedlings in the second year, the winter pruning and heat preservation and the fruit shaping in the third year.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the winter single-guyote L-shape, winter insulation and bearing conditions in the fourth year for the third year used in the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the three-year winter dual-paleo-dell shaping ("T" shape), winter insulation and the fourth-year fruiting situation adopted by the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the single (double) ancient form of the special L-shape ("T" shape) for winter protection in the fourth year and later.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below by way of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1 (with single guxite L-shape reshaping):
firstly, digging planting furrows with the width of 60-80 cm and the depth of 70-100 cm according to the row spacing of 2.0-3.5 m. Is measured according to a length of 666.7m before ditching2For 10 to 15m3And (4) uniformly spreading decomposed organic fertilizer on the surface layer of the planting furrows. And then, ditching, uniformly mixing surface soil and organic fertilizer, backfilling to the bottom layer of the planting furrows, backfilling core soil to the surface layer of the planting furrows, flattening to form the planting furrows with the depth of 5-10 cm and the like at one time by using an excavator, and watering and compacting to form the planting furrows with the depth of 10-20 cm. Then press 100-120 cAnd (3) planting at plant spacing of m, namely, safely overwintering, anti-drying and cold-resistant grape stocks (such as Riparia Glorie, 420A MGt, 196-17Cl, 161-49C, 3309C, and hybrid vitis amurensis L., northern red, levoyouhong and the like) annual seedlings, and cutting 120-180 cm bamboo poles or thin steel bars at the side of each seedling for binding the germinated branches and tendrils to ensure that the branches and tendrils vertically grow to form grape stock land-setting seedlings (see spring and summer in the attached figure 2). After the grape stock seedling grows to 80-150 cm high, when the branch and the vine are semi-lignified at the position 60-130 cm away from the ground, the branch and the vine height is kept to 60-130 cm, the top tip is cut off (note: the same place must be grafted at the same height, the height is preferably 70-110 cm), the needed grape variety is grafted by adopting a green branch grafting technology, the grape variety is cultured according to a grafted seedling management technology, newly-germinated scion branches are vertically bound on a bamboo pole or a thin steel bar, the full maturity of 3-5 winter buds at the base part of the scion in the current year is ensured, 2-3 mature buds are cut after leaves fall in winter, the stock is coated with a winter trunk whitening agent, the reserved scion and the stock below a connector are wrapped by a heat insulation material, and the safe overwintering (see the attached figure 2 summer, autumn and winter) is realized, and the winter can also be protected by adopting the traditional tendril-pressed and buried winter. Similarly, the first year can be adopted for culturing the seedling of the sitted rootstock without grafting the green branch, and after the leaves fall in winter, the mature branch of 70-140 cm is cut and left for overwintering (see the first year in the attached figure 3).
Removing the heat insulation material before the sprout is heated and warmed again in the spring of the next year, after the sprout, selecting and reserving 1-2 newly-germinated robust branches for each plant to be vertically bound on a bamboo pole or thin steel bar or carrying out hard branch grafting on the rootstock seedlings in the opposite sitting place at the height of 60-70 cm (see the spring and summer of the second year in the attached figure 3), scientifically managing to enable grape branches and tendrils to be thickened, mature and aged to reach the expected growth height, cutting 50-60 cm mature branches and tendrils for standby in winter, coating the rootstock with a winter trunk whitening agent, wrapping the reserved scions and the rootstock below a connector by the heat insulation material (see the summer, the autumn and the winter of the second year in the attached figure 4 and the summer, the autumn and the winter of the second year in the attached figure 3), and realizing safe.
And in the third spring, before the spring warms up and sprouts, removing the wrapping materials, bending all the plants at the position 10cm below the grafting opening to bend the rootstocks to form right angles in the same direction, and horizontally binding the mature branches and tendrils which are cut to be 50-60 cm on the first iron wire to form a single Gu-Yotte L-shaped tree with the plant height of 50-120 cm. After the horizontal scion branches sprout, reserving one vertically upward growing strong branch per 20cm, vertically binding the strong branch to a second silk and a third silk, removing redundant sprouts, reserving 1-2 scions for each strong branch and vine and reserving no fruit or 1 scion for weak branches according to normal cultivation management, and ensuring that all annual branches grow normally (see figure 4 for spring, summer and autumn in the third year). When leaves fall off in winter and are cut, the annual mature branches at the top end are selected and cut for 50-60 cm, the annual mature branches are pressed forwards and tied to the first thread, and the annual branches at the other base parts are cut for 2 buds to form a complete single Gu-Yott L-shaped shaping tree. Then, the stock is whitewashed by a trunk whitewash agent in winter, and the stock which is 10cm below the scion and the interface is wrapped by a heat insulation material (see the third winter in the attached figure 5), so that the safe overwintering is realized.
In the fourth year, the standard tree form is reserved according to normal management, and the result condition is shown in the attached figure 5. After leaves fall in winter, 2 buds of all branches are cut for short, the stock is whitewashed by a trunk whitewash agent in winter, and the stock with the remaining scion and the stock with the distance below the connector being 10cm is wrapped by a heat insulation material, so that safe overwintering is realized (see figure 7, a single Gu Youte L shape). If the horizontal extension branch does not reach the previous vertical trunk, the method can be used for continuously flattening the top vertical annual branch to the previous vertical trunk.
Example 2 (shaping with double single guyott L-shape ("T-shape")):
firstly, digging planting furrows with the width of 60-80 cm and the depth of 70-100 cm according to the row spacing of 2.0-3.5 m. Is measured according to a length of 666.7m before ditching2For 10 to 15m3And (4) uniformly spreading decomposed organic fertilizer on the surface layer of the planting furrows. And then, ditching, uniformly mixing surface soil and organic fertilizer, backfilling to the bottom layer of the planting furrows, backfilling core soil to the surface layer of the planting furrows, flattening to form the planting furrows with the depth of 5-10 cm and the like at one time by using an excavator, and irrigating and compacting to form the planting furrows with the depth of 10-20 cm. And planting the grape stocks (such as Riparia Glorie, 420A MGt, 196-17Cl, 161-49C, 3309C and hybrid vitis amurensis, northern red, and Levoypouhong) at a plant spacing of 100-120 cm for one-year seedling, sticking bamboo rods or thin steel bars of 120-180 cm on each seedling side, binding the germinated branches and tendrils, ensuring the vertical growth of the branches and tendrils, and forming the grape stock land-sitting seedlings(see the attached figure 2 spring and summer). After the grape stock seedling grows to 80-150 cm high, when the branch and the vine are semi-lignified at the position 60-130 cm away from the ground, the branch and the vine height is kept to 60-130 cm, the top tip is cut off (note: the same place must be grafted at the same height, the height is preferably 70-110 cm), the needed grape variety is grafted by adopting a green branch grafting technology, the grape variety is cultured according to a grafted seedling management technology, newly-germinated scion branches are vertically bound on a bamboo pole or a thin steel bar, the full maturity of 3-5 winter buds at the base part of the scion in the current year is ensured, 2-3 mature buds are cut after leaves fall in winter, the stock is coated with a winter trunk whitening agent, the reserved scion and the stock below a connector are wrapped by a heat insulation material, and the safe overwintering (see the attached figure 2 summer, autumn and winter) is realized, and the winter can also be protected by adopting the traditional tendril-pressed and buried winter. Similarly, the first year can be adopted for culturing the seedling of the sitted rootstock without grafting the green branch, and the mature branch of 70-140 cm is cut after the leaf falling in winter to live through the winter (see the first year in figure 3).
Removing the heat insulation material before the sprout is heated and warmed again in the spring of the next year, after the sprout, selecting 1-2 newly-germinated robust branches for each plant, vertically binding the newly-germinated robust branches on bamboo poles or thin steel bars or grafting hard branches of the rootstock seedlings in the opposite-sitting position at the height of 60-70 cm (see the spring and summer of the second year in the attached figure 3), scientifically managing to enable grape branches and tendrils to be thickened, mature and aged to reach the expected growth height, cutting 50-60 cm mature branches and tendrils for standby in winter, coating the rootstock with a winter trunk whitening agent, wrapping the reserved scions and the rootstock below a connector by the heat insulation material (see the summer, the autumn and the winter of the second year in the attached figure 4 and the summer, the autumn and the winter of the second year in the attached figure 3), and realizing.
And in the third spring, before the spring warms up and sprouts, removing the wrapping materials, bending all the plants at the position 10cm below the grafting opening to bend the rootstocks to form right angles in the same direction, and horizontally binding the mature branches and tendrils which are cut to be 50-60 cm on the first iron wire to form a single Gu-Yotte L-shaped tree with the plant height of 50-120 cm. After the horizontal scion branches sprout, reserving one vertically upward growing strong branch per 20cm, vertically binding the strong branch to a second silk and a third silk, removing redundant sprouts, reserving 1-2 scions for each strong branch and vine and reserving no fruit or 1 scion for weak branches according to normal cultivation management, and ensuring that all annual branches grow normally (see figure 4, spring, summer and autumn in the third year). When leaves fall off in winter and are cut in winter, annual branches at the base part are selected and left for 50-60 cm, the annual branches are pressed backwards and flattened reversely and bound on a first thread, and 2-bud short shears are left for the rest annual branches to form double-single-ancient-T-shaped reshaping. Then, the stock is whitewashed by a trunk whitewash agent in winter, and the stock which is 10cm below the reserved scion and the interface is wrapped by a heat insulation material (see the third winter in the attached figure 6), so that the safe overwintering is realized.
In the fourth year, according to normal management, the standard tree form is reserved, and the result condition is as shown in fig. 6. After leaves fall in winter, 2 buds of all branches are cut for short, the stock is whitewashed by a trunk whitewash agent in winter, and the stock with the remaining scion and the stock with the distance below the connector being 10cm is wrapped by a heat insulation material, so that safe overwintering is realized (see figure 7, double-ancient about special L shape). If the horizontal extension branch does not reach the previous vertical trunk, the method can be used for continuously flattening the top vertical annual branch to the previous horizontal trunk.
Claims (3)
1. A specific method for overwintering cultivation of grapes by high grafting of cold-resistant stocks without leaving shelves and burying soil is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the first year, according to the row spacing of 2.0-3.5 m and the plant spacing of 100-120 cm, annual seedlings of grape stocks (such as Riparia Glorie, 420A MGt, 196-17Cl, 161-49C, 3309C and hybrid varieties of Vitis davidii, northern red, levo-Yoghong and the like) which can safely overwinter, resist drying and resist cold are planted in planting furrows with the width of 60-80 cm and the depth of 10-20 cm, and are normally managed to form grape stock field seedlings. After the grape stock seedlings grow to be 80-150 cm high, grafting the needed grape varieties by adopting a green branch grafting technology, wherein the grafting height is 60-130 cm (note: grafting with the same height is selected for the same plot, and the height is preferably 70-110 cm), culturing according to a grafted seedling management technology, after leaves fall in winter, keeping 2-3 mature buds of the scions for short cutting, coating the stocks with a winter trunk whitening agent, and wrapping the reserved scions and the stocks below the connector by using a heat-insulating material to realize safe overwintering, and also adopting the traditional tendril-pressing buried soil for cold protection. Similarly, the first year can be adopted to culture the seedling of the sitted stock without grafting green branches, and after leaves fall in winter, the seedling is cut to leave mature branches of 70-140 cm for overwintering. Before the spring beginning and the warm-up sprouting in the next year, removing the heat insulation material, after the sprouting, selecting and reserving 1 robust young shoot for culturing or carrying out hard branch grafting and scientific management on the rootstock seedlings in the sitting place at the height of 60-70 cm; when the scions are cut in winter, 50-60 cm of mature branches are reserved for pruning, the stocks are whitewashed by a trunk whitewash agent in winter, and the stocks, 10cm below the scions, reserved in winter are wrapped by heat insulation materials, so that safe overwintering is realized. And in the third spring, before the spring warms up and sprouts, removing the wrapping materials, bending all the plants at the position 10cm below the grafting opening to bend the rootstocks to form right angles in the same direction, and horizontally binding the mature branches and tendrils which are cut to be 50-60 cm on the first iron wire to form a single Gu-Yotte L-shaped tree with the plant height of 50-120 cm. After the horizontal scion branches sprout, reserving one vertically upward growing strong branch per 20cm, binding the strong branch to the second silk and the third silk, removing redundant sprouts, and properly reserving fruits to ensure the normal growth of all annual branches. After leaves fall in winter, selecting and reserving 50-60 cm of annual branches at the base or the top, binding the annual branches forwards (in a single ancient special L shape) or backwards flattened (in a double single ancient special L shape or a T shape) on a first thread, reserving 2-bud short scissors on the rest annual branches to form a complete single ancient special L shape or double single ancient special L shape ('T' shape) tree, coating a white agent on the stocks in winter, and wrapping the stocks with a heat-insulating material to retain scions and 10cm below a connector to realize safe overwintering. And after the fourth year, removing the heat insulation material before spring warmth up and sprouting, and keeping standard tree form management according to normal management. After leaves fall in winter, 2-bud short shears are reserved on all branches, the stock is whitewashed by a trunk whitewashing agent in winter, and the stock with the reserved scion and the stock with the distance below the connector being 10cm is wrapped by a heat insulation material, so that safe overwintering is realized. If the horizontal extension branch can not reach the vertical trunk of the previous plant, the method can be used for continuously flattening the top vertical annual branch to the horizontal trunk of the previous plant.
2. According to claim 1, the grape rootstocks (such as Riparia Glorie, 420A MGt, 196-17Cl, 161-49C, 3309C and hybrid varieties of Vitis amurensis including North rose, North red and levo-excellent red) which can safely overwinter, resist the drying and resist the cold are planted in planting furrows with the width of 60-80 cm and the depth of 10-20 cm in the first year according to the row spacing of 2.0-3.5 m and the plant spacing of 100-120 cm, and are normally managed to form the grape rootstock seedlings. After the grape stock seedlings grow to be 80-150 cm high, grafting the needed grape varieties by adopting a green branch grafting technology, wherein the grafting height is 60-130 cm (note: grafting with the same height is selected for the same plot, and the height is preferably 70-110 cm), culturing according to a grafted seedling management technology, after leaves fall in winter, keeping 2-3 mature buds of the scions for short cutting, coating the stocks with a winter trunk whitening agent, and wrapping the reserved scions and the stocks which are 10cm below the interfaces by using a heat-insulating material to realize safe overwintering, and also adopting the traditional tendril-pressing and soil-burying for cold protection. Similarly, the first year can be adopted to culture the seedling of the sitted stock without grafting green branches, and after leaves fall in winter, the seedling is cut to leave mature branches of 70-140 cm for overwintering. Before the spring beginning and the warm-up sprouting in the next year, removing the heat insulation material, after the sprouting, selecting and reserving 1 robust new shoot for each plant, culturing and carrying out hard branch grafting and scientific management on the rootstock seedlings in the sitting place at the height of 60-70 cm; when the scions are cut in winter, 50-60 cm of mature branches are reserved for pruning, the stocks are whitewashed by a trunk whitewash agent in winter, and the stocks, 10cm below the scions, reserved in winter are wrapped by heat insulation materials, so that safe overwintering is realized. And in the third spring, before the spring warms up and sprouts, removing the wrapping materials, bending all the plants at the position 10cm below the grafting opening to bend the rootstocks to form right angles in the same direction, and horizontally binding the mature branches and tendrils which are cut to be 50-60 cm on the first iron wire to form a single Gu-Yotte L-shaped tree with the plant height of 50-120 cm. After the horizontal scion branches sprout, reserving one vertically upward growing strong branch per 20cm, binding the strong branch to a second silk and a third silk, removing redundant sprouts, properly reserving fruits to ensure normal growth of all annual branches, selecting and reserving 50-60 cm of top annual branch when leaf falling in winter is carried out, flattening and binding the top annual branch to a first silk, reserving 2 short buds on the rest annual branches, and forming a complete single-Gu-Yott L-shaped tree form. Then, the stock is whitewashed by a trunk whitewash agent in winter, and the stock with the remaining scion and the 10cm below the interface is wrapped by a heat insulation material, so that the safe overwintering is realized. And after the fourth year, removing the heat insulation material before spring warmth up and sprouting, and keeping standard tree form management according to normal management. After leaves fall in winter, 2-bud short shears are reserved on all branches, the stock is whitewashed by a trunk whitewashing agent in winter, and the stock with the reserved scion and the stock with the distance below the connector being 10cm is wrapped by a heat insulation material, so that safe overwintering is realized. If the horizontal extension branch can not reach the vertical trunk of the previous plant, the method can be used for continuously flattening the top vertical annual branch to the horizontal trunk of the previous plant.
3. According to claim 1, the grape rootstocks (such as Riparia Glorie, 420A MGt, 196-17Cl, 161-49C, 3309C and hybrid varieties of Vitis amurensis including North rose, North red and levo-excellent red) which can safely overwinter, resist the drying and resist the cold are planted in planting furrows with the width of 60-80 cm and the depth of 10-20 cm in the first year according to the row spacing of 2.0-3.5 m and the plant spacing of 100-120 cm, and are normally managed to form the grape rootstock seedlings. After the grape stock seedlings grow to be 80-150 cm high, grafting the needed grape varieties by adopting a green branch grafting technology, wherein the grafting height is 60-130 cm (note: grafting with the same height is selected for the same plot, and the height is preferably 70-110 cm), culturing according to a grafted seedling management technology, after leaves fall in winter, keeping 2-3 mature buds of the scions for short cutting, coating the stocks with a winter trunk whitening agent, and wrapping the reserved scions and the stocks below the connector by using a heat-insulating material to realize safe overwintering, and also adopting the traditional tendril-pressing buried soil for cold protection. Similarly, the first year can be adopted to culture the seedling of the sitted stock without grafting green branches, and after leaves fall in winter, the seedling is cut to leave mature branches of 70-140 cm for overwintering. Before the spring beginning and the warm-up sprouting in the next year, removing the heat insulation material, after the sprouting, selecting and reserving 1 robust young shoot for culturing or carrying out hard branch grafting and scientific management on the rootstock seedlings in the sitting place at the height of 60-70 cm; when the scions are cut in winter, 50-60 cm of mature branches are reserved for pruning, the stocks are whitewashed by a trunk whitewash agent in winter, and the stocks, 10cm below the scions, reserved in winter are wrapped by heat insulation materials, so that safe overwintering is realized. And in the third spring, before the spring warms up and sprouts, removing the wrapping materials, bending all the plants at the position 10cm below the grafting opening to bend the rootstocks to form right angles in the same direction, and horizontally binding the mature branches and tendrils which are cut to be 50-60 cm on the first iron wire to form a single Gu-Yotte L-shaped tree with the plant height of 50-120 cm. After the horizontal scion branches sprout, reserving one vertically upward growing strong branch per 20cm, binding the strong branch to a second silk and a third silk, removing redundant sprouts, properly reserving fruits to ensure normal growth of all annual branches, selecting and reserving 50-60 cm of the annual branch at the base part when leaf falling in winter and cutting in winter, flattening and binding the annual branch backwards and flatly to the first silk, reserving 2 short buds on the rest annual branches, and forming a standard double single ancient-approximately L-shaped (T-shaped) tree shape. Then, the stock is whitewashed by a trunk whitewash agent in winter, and the stock with the remaining scion and the 10cm below the interface is wrapped by a heat insulation material, so that the safe overwintering is realized. And after the fourth year, removing the heat insulation material before spring warmth up and sprouting, and keeping standard tree form management according to normal management. After leaves fall in winter, 2-bud short shears are reserved on all branches, the stock is whitewashed by a trunk whitewashing agent in winter, and the stock with the reserved scion and the stock with the distance below the connector being 10cm is wrapped by a heat insulation material, so that safe overwintering is realized. If the horizontal extension branch can not reach the vertical trunk of the previous plant, the method can be used for continuously flattening the top vertical annual branch to the horizontal trunk of the previous plant.
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