CN116686625A - Grape soil-burying-free and frost-proof cultivation method based on photoelectric complementary mode - Google Patents
Grape soil-burying-free and frost-proof cultivation method based on photoelectric complementary mode Download PDFInfo
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- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 173
- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 156
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 156
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 title claims description 167
- 241000219094 Vitaceae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 235000021021 grapes Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 241000220317 Rosa Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000004283 Vitis amurensis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 240000002503 Vitis amurensis Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000222722 Leishmania <genus> Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241001251761 Riparia Species 0.000 claims description 4
- IICCLYANAQEHCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-3',6'-dihydroxy-2',4',5',7'-tetraiodospiro[2-benzofuran-3,9'-xanthene]-1-one Chemical compound O1C(=O)C(C(=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2Cl)Cl)=C2C21C1=CC(I)=C(O)C(I)=C1OC1=C(I)C(O)=C(I)C=C21 IICCLYANAQEHCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930187593 rose bengal Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940081623 rose bengal Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- STRXNPAVPKGJQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N rose bengal A Natural products O1C(=O)C(C(=CC=C2Cl)Cl)=C2C21C1=CC(I)=C(O)C(I)=C1OC1=C(I)C(O)=C(I)C=C21 STRXNPAVPKGJQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims 6
- 241000209051 Saccharum Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000020096 rose wine Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000219095 Vitis Species 0.000 abstract 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 240000007133 Cordia dichotoma Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000984084 Helianthemum nummularium subsp. grandiflorum Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/06—Devices for generating heat, smoke or fog in gardens, orchards or forests, e.g. to prevent damage by frost
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/12—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries using renewable energies, e.g. solar water pumping
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- Toxicology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a grape buried-soil-free and frost-proof cultivation method based on a photoelectric complementary mode, and relates to the field of integration of grape cultivation technology and photovoltaic power generation industry. The grape buried-soil-free and frost-proof cultivation method based on the photoelectric complementary mode specifically comprises the following steps: s1, selecting grape seeds, namely selecting a stress-resistant stock variety or a non-cold-resistant high-quality grape variety, and selecting seedlings which grow vigorously, have excellent quality and are free of plant diseases and insect pests for cultivation; s2, planting and cultivating grapes; s3, arranging instruments and using in winter; s4, using in spring and autumn; s5, supplementing temperature in spring and autumn. By adopting a cultivation mode of combining photovoltaic electric energy with a public power grid to supplement temperature for grapes, the photovoltaic industry and the grape industry can be organically combined, the land utilization rate and the economic benefit are improved, meanwhile, damage of early and late frost of the grapes can be avoided by utilizing the facility, income of fruit growers is increased, winter soil-burying-free cold-proof cultivation of the grapes can be realized, manual work of grape cultivation can be reduced by about 40%, and damage of branches and tendrils buried in winter and damage to vegetation in vineyards can be avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of integration of grape cultivation technology and photovoltaic power generation industry, in particular to a grape soil-burying-free and frost-proof cultivation method based on a photoelectric complementary mode.
Background
The winter buried soil winter protection is an important measure for safe overwintering of the northern grape in China, and is not only an important factor causing damage to the grape branches and tendrils, irregular appearance, sharp reduction in yield, quality reduction, cost increase, ecological damage and the like, but also a key factor causing difficulty in mechanized and standardized cultivation. Therefore, the standardized, mechanized, high-quality, high-efficiency and soil-free ecological cultivation technology is an important technical measure for the development of the grape industry in the soil-buried cold-proof area. Meanwhile, the night cream hazard is another serious natural disaster of grape production, and can cause absolute production when serious, so that the economic income of fruit farmers is influenced. The photovoltaic power generation has the advantages of cleanness, safety, stability, economy, long service life and the like, and is an important technical measure for human to utilize solar energy. The vineyard is free in land and is stored in a storage battery through the photovoltaic power generation, heat energy is converted into heat energy through the electric heating wire at night in winter and spring, the safety overwintering of the grapes is met, the damage of the early and late frost of the grapes is prevented, the soil-burying-free cultivation and the inter-row grass-growing cultivation of the grapes are realized, the micro-ecological environment of the vineyard is regulated, the improvement of the quality of the grapes is facilitated, and the economic benefit and the ecological benefit of the grape cultivation in the soil-burying cold-proof area are finally realized.
Disclosure of Invention
(one) solving the technical problems
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a grape soil burying-free and frost-proof cultivation method based on a photoelectric complementary mode, which solves the problems of grape vine damage, irregular appearance, sharp reduction in yield, reduced quality, low standard mechanical degree, increased cultivation cost, ecological damage and damage of spring vine germination night frost caused by the conventional grape soil burying in winter.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a grape buried-soil-free and frost-proof cultivation method based on a photoelectric complementary mode specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting grape seeds
Selecting a stress-resistant stock variety or a non-stress high-quality grape variety, and selecting seedlings which are vigorous in growth, good in quality and free from plant diseases and insect pests for cultivation;
s2, field planting and cultivating of grapes
Planting and culturing the grapes according to the selected grapes of different varieties in a proper mode, adopting a high-grafting grape soil-burying-free cultivation method based on the stress-resistant stock for the stress-resistant stock varieties, and adopting a self-root seedling grape planting soil-burying-free cultivation method for the non-cold-resistant excellent grape varieties;
s3, instrument arrangement and winter use
Shaping the main vines in a T shape, an inverted L shape or a factory shape by adopting a trunk height of 40cm or 50 cm to 120cm, binding the main vines to a first horizontal wire, binding electric heating wires below the first horizontal wire, wrapping the stock and scion branches which are 40cm to 80cm away from the ground by adopting a simple heat preservation material, automatically starting a power supply to convert the electric energy into heat energy when the peripheral temperature of the main vines of the grapes is lower than-14 ℃ by utilizing photovoltaic electric energy or a public power grid by utilizing a temperature controller, and automatically powering off when the peripheral temperature of the main vines of the grapes is higher than-12 ℃ to save the electric energy and prevent the water loss and the drainage of the grape vines, and wrapping or covering the moisture preservation material on the main vines or the whole grape vines;
s4, using in spring and autumn
After the spring returns to the temperature, part of the heat-insulating materials are loosened for ventilation, and all the heat-insulating materials are removed from the warehouse to be stored after the hazard period of night frost is over, and the heat-insulating materials are stored until the heat-insulating materials are reused in winter;
s5, supplementing temperature in spring and autumn
When the grape is germinated or the grape is about to mature in autumn, if the grape is damaged by low temperature, the peripheral temperature of grape branches and buds can be increased to be more than 0 ℃ by using the facility when the environmental temperature is lower than 0 ℃, so that the damage of early and late frost is avoided.
Preferably, in the step S1, the stress-resistant stock varieties include a hybrid of a vitis amurensis and an international stress-resistant stock variety.
Preferably, the hybrid of the amur grape comprises northern rose, northern red and Legious red.
Preferably, the international stress-resistant stock variety comprises Riparia gloriee, 420A MGt, 196-17Cl, 161-49C, 3309C and 101-14.
Preferably, in the step S1, the non-cold-resistant high-quality grape varieties comprise all high-quality varieties used in the production of Cabernet Sauvignon, pink Pearl, servernix Pearl, sila, ma Erbei g, ma Selan, merlot, chardrinia, leishukast, rose Bengal, xia Hei and Sun Rose.
Preferably, in the step S2, the method for cultivating the high-grafting grape without burying soil based on the stress-resistant stock specifically comprises the following steps:
s201, planting a hybrid of the European grape and a stress-resistant grape stock seedling, which can safely overwintere, by adopting plant spacing of 1.0-2.0 m and row spacing of 1.5-3.0 m, and culturing the grape stock ground-setting seedling;
s202, after grape stock seedlings grow to 70-140 cm in the current year or the next year of field planting, retaining high-quality grape varieties required by green branch grafting when branches and tendrils are semi-lignified above 50-120 cm from the ground, wherein the height of the stock is 50-120 cm;
s203, culturing according to a grafted seedling management technology, and ensuring that the root parts of the scions in the current year form full and mature 3-5 winter buds.
Preferably, in the step S2, the planting and soil-embedding-free cultivation method for the self-rooted grape specifically includes the following steps:
s204, planting the self-rooted grape subjected to traditional planting according to the plant spacing of 0.5-2.0 m and the row spacing of 2.0-3.0 m.
(III) beneficial effects
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. compared with the existing cultivation method, the cultivation method adopts a cultivation mode of combining photovoltaic electric energy with a public power grid to supplement temperature for the grape, can organically combine the photovoltaic industry with the grape industry, improves the land utilization rate and the economic benefit, meanwhile, the facility can also avoid damage of early and late frost of the grape, ensure that the grape is not damaged, increase income of fruit farmers, realize winter cultivation of the grape without soil burying, not only reduce labor for grape cultivation by about 40%, but also avoid damage of branches and tendrils buried in winter and damage of vegetation in vineyards.
2. Compared with the existing cultivation method, the cultivation method distinguishes grape types, adopts different modes to cultivate, utilizes the dry-pumping-resistant cold-resistant stock to fix planting, improves stress resistance of the grape, enlarges grape planting area, realizes standardized cultivation of the grape, has standard and standard shaping, ensures that the grape garden is tidy, the grape yield and the grape quality are always maintained at higher constant level, and provides convenience for realizing mechanical cultivation in the whole course.
3. Compared with the existing cultivation method, the cultivation method has the advantages that grape clusters can be uniformly distributed at the same horizontal height through standardized binding treatment, all grape clusters can be ensured to develop and mature uniformly, fresh grapes are fresh and delicious in color and taste, good in quality, active ingredients of wine grapes are fully accumulated, high-quality raw materials are provided for brewing high-quality grape wine, meanwhile, grape shaping and trimming are simple and easy to learn, farmers can grasp operation conveniently, and mechanical trimming can be adopted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a grape stress-resistant stock high-grafting heat-preservation buried-free cultivation based on a photoelectric complementary mode;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of grape frost protection cultivation based on photoelectric complementary mode;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the planting of grape self-rooted seedlings without burying soil based on the photoelectric complementary mode of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention provides a grape buried-soil-free and frost-proof cultivation method based on a photoelectric complementary mode, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting grape seeds
Selecting grapes of a stress-resistant stock variety, and selecting seedlings which grow vigorously and have good quality and no plant diseases and insect pests for cultivation;
s2, field planting and cultivating of grapes
The method is characterized in that a high-grafting grape soil-burying-free cultivation method based on the stress-resistant stock is adopted for the stress-resistant stock variety;
s3, instrument arrangement and winter use
Shaping in a T shape by adopting a trunk height of 40-120 cm, binding a main vine to a first horizontal wire, binding an electric heating wire below the first horizontal wire, wrapping a stock and scion branch which are 40-80 cm away from the ground by adopting a simple heat insulation material, automatically starting a power supply to convert the electric energy into the heat energy by utilizing photovoltaic electric energy or a public power grid when the ambient temperature of the main vine of the grape is lower than-14 ℃ by using a temperature controller so as to improve the ambient temperature of the main vine of the grape, and automatically cutting off the power when the ambient temperature of the main vine of the grape is higher than-12 ℃ so as to save the electric energy and prevent the water loss and the drainage of the grape branch, and wrapping or covering the moisture insulation material on the main vine or the whole plant of the grape;
s4, using in spring and autumn
Before the spring returns to the temperature, part of the heat-insulating materials are loosened for ventilation, so that the damage of branch drying, early germination or night frost caused by the excessive internal temperature is avoided, all the heat-insulating materials are removed from a warehouse to be stored after the night frost damage period, the heat-insulating materials are stored until the heat-insulating materials are reused in winter, the places are ensured to be orderly and orderly arranged, the heat-insulating materials are bundled and stored in a warehouse, and the heat-insulating materials are protected from light and moisture, and the service life of the heat-insulating materials is prolonged;
s5, supplementing temperature in spring and autumn
As shown in figure 2, when the grape is about to mature after sprouting or in autumn, if the grape is damaged by low temperature, and the ambient temperature is lower than 0 ℃, the facility can be used for increasing the peripheral temperature of grape branches and buds to be higher than 0 ℃, so that the damage of early and late frost can be avoided.
In the step S1, the stress-resistant stock varieties comprise European Amur grape hybrid varieties and international stress-resistant stock varieties, wherein the European Amur grape hybrid varieties comprise North rose, north red and Legious red; the international stress-resistant stock varieties comprise Riparia Glorie, 420A MGt, 196-17Cl, 161-49C, 3309C and 101-14.
In the step S2, the method for cultivating the high-grafting grape without burying soil based on the stress-resistant stock specifically comprises the following steps:
s201, planting a hybrid of the European grape and a stress-resistant grape stock seedling, which can safely overwintere, by adopting plant spacing of 1.0-2.0 m and row spacing of 1.5-3.0 m, and culturing the grape stock ground-setting seedling;
s202, after grape stock seedlings grow to 70-140 cm in the current year or the next year of field planting, retaining grape varieties required by green branch grafting when branches and tendrils are semi-lignified above 50-120 cm from the ground, wherein the height of the stock is 50-120 cm;
s203, culturing according to a grafted seedling management technology, and ensuring that the root parts of the scions in the current year form full and mature 3-5 winter buds.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention provides a grape buried-soil-free and frost-proof cultivation method based on a photoelectric complementary mode, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting grape seeds
Selecting a stress-resistant stock variety, and selecting seedlings which grow vigorously and have excellent quality and no plant diseases and insect pests for cultivation;
s2, field planting and cultivating of grapes
The method is characterized in that a high-grafting grape soil-burying-free cultivation method based on the stress-resistant stock is adopted for the stress-resistant stock variety;
s3, instrument arrangement and winter use
The method comprises the steps of adopting a trunk height of 40-120 cm to carry out inverted L-shaped shaping, binding a main vine to a first horizontal wire, binding an electric heating wire below the first horizontal wire, adopting a simple heat insulation material to wrap a stock and scion branch which are 40-80 cm away from the ground, utilizing photovoltaic electric energy or a public power grid, using a temperature controller, automatically starting a power supply to convert the electric energy into heat energy when the peripheral temperature of the main vine is lower than-14 ℃ so as to improve the peripheral temperature of the main vine of the grape, and automatically cutting off the power when the peripheral temperature of the main vine of the grape is higher than-12 ℃, so as to save the electric energy and prevent the water loss and the drainage of the grape branch, and wrapping or covering the moisture insulation material on the main vine or the whole plant of the grape;
s4, using in spring and autumn
Before the spring returns to the temperature, part of the heat-insulating materials are loosened for ventilation, so that the damage of branch drying, early germination or night frost caused by the excessive internal temperature is avoided, all the heat-insulating materials are removed from a warehouse to be stored after the night frost damage period, the heat-insulating materials are stored until the heat-insulating materials are reused in winter, the places are ensured to be orderly and orderly arranged, the heat-insulating materials are bundled and stored in a warehouse, and the heat-insulating materials are protected from light and moisture, and the service life of the heat-insulating materials is prolonged;
s5, supplementing temperature in spring and autumn
As shown in figure 2, when the grape is about to mature after sprouting or in autumn, if the grape is damaged by low temperature, and the ambient temperature is lower than 0 ℃, the facility can be used for increasing the peripheral temperature of grape branches and buds to be higher than 0 ℃, so that the damage of early and late frost can be avoided.
In the step S1, the stress-resistant stock varieties comprise European Amur grape hybrid varieties and international stress-resistant stock varieties, wherein the European Amur grape hybrid varieties comprise North rose, north red and Legious red; the international stress-resistant stock varieties comprise Riparia Glorie, 420A MGt, 196-17Cl, 161-49C, 3309C and 101-14.
In the step S2, the method for cultivating the high-grafting grape without burying soil based on the stress-resistant stock specifically comprises the following steps:
s201, planting a hybrid of the European grape and a stress-resistant grape stock seedling, which can safely overwintere, by adopting plant spacing of 1.0-2.0 m and row spacing of 1.5-3.0 m, and culturing the grape stock ground-setting seedling;
s202, after grape stock seedlings grow to 70-140 cm in the current year or the next year of field planting, retaining grape varieties required by green branch grafting when branches and tendrils are semi-lignified above 50-120 cm from the ground, wherein the height of the stock is 50-120 cm;
s203, culturing according to a grafted seedling management technology, and ensuring that the root parts of the scions in the current year form full and mature 3-5 winter buds.
Example 3:
as shown in fig. 2, the embodiment of the invention provides a grape buried-soil-free and frost-proof cultivation method based on a photoelectric complementary mode, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting grape seeds
Selecting a non-cold-resistant grape variety, and selecting seedlings which grow vigorously and have excellent quality and no plant diseases and insect pests for cultivation;
s2, field planting and cultivating of grapes
The planting method of grape field planting of self-root seedling and soil burying-free cultivation method is adopted for the non-cold-resistant grafted variety;
s3, instrument arrangement and winter use
Shaping in a shape like a Chinese character 'factory' by adopting a trunk height of 40-120 cm, binding a main vine to a first horizontal wire, binding an electric heating wire below the first horizontal wire, wrapping a stock and scion branch which are 40-80 cm away from the ground by adopting a simple heat insulation material, automatically starting a power supply to convert the electric energy into the heat energy by utilizing photovoltaic electric energy or a public power grid when the ambient temperature of the main vine of the grape is lower than-14 ℃ by using a temperature controller so as to improve the ambient temperature of the main vine of the grape, and automatically powering off when the ambient temperature of the main vine of the grape is higher than-12 ℃, so as to save the electric energy and prevent the water loss and the drainage of the grape branch, and wrapping or covering the moisture preservation material on the main vine or the whole plant of the grape;
s4, using in spring and autumn
Before the spring returns to the temperature, part of the heat-insulating materials are loosened for ventilation, so that the damage of branch drying, early germination or night frost caused by the excessive internal temperature is avoided, all the heat-insulating materials are removed from a warehouse to be stored after the night frost damage period, the heat-insulating materials are stored until the heat-insulating materials are reused in winter, the places are ensured to be orderly and orderly arranged, the heat-insulating materials are bundled and stored in a warehouse, and the heat-insulating materials are protected from light and moisture, and the service life of the heat-insulating materials is prolonged;
s5, supplementing temperature in spring and autumn
As shown in figure 2, when the grape is about to mature after sprouting or in autumn, if the grape is damaged by low temperature, and the ambient temperature is lower than 0 ℃, the facility can be used for increasing the peripheral temperature of grape branches and buds to be higher than 0 ℃, so that the damage of early and late frost can be avoided.
In S1, non-cold-resistant grafting varieties comprise Cabernet Sauvignon, pink pearl, servernix pearl, sila, ma Erbei g, ma Selan, merlot, chardomo, leishmania, rose, xia Black, sunlight Rose and the like, which are rare wine grape varieties and fresh grape varieties, and in S2, the planting soil-embedding-free cultivation method of the self-rooted grape specifically comprises the following steps:
s204, planting the self-rooted grape subjected to traditional planting according to the plant spacing of 0.5-2.0 m and the row spacing of 2.0-3.0 m.
Example 4:
as shown in fig. 3, the embodiment of the invention provides a grape buried-soil-free and frost-proof cultivation method based on a photoelectric complementary mode, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting grape seeds
Selecting grapes of non-cold-resistant grafting varieties, and selecting seedlings which grow vigorously and have good quality and no plant diseases and insect pests for cultivation;
s2, field planting and cultivating of grapes
The planting method of grape field planting of self-root seedling and soil burying-free cultivation method is adopted for the non-cold-resistant grafted variety;
s3, arranging instruments for use in winter
Shaping the grape vine by adopting a T shape with the trunk height of 40-120 cm, binding the main vine to a first horizontal wire, binding an electric heating wire below the first horizontal wire, automatically starting a power supply to convert electric energy into heat energy when the temperature of the periphery of the main vine of the grape is lower than-14 ℃ by utilizing photovoltaic electric energy or a public power grid by using a temperature controller so as to improve the periphery temperature of the main vine of the grape, and automatically cutting off power when the periphery temperature of the main vine of the grape is higher than-12 ℃ so as to save the electric energy and prevent the grape vine from dehydrating and drying, and covering the whole grape plant with a moisturizing and heat-preserving material;
s4, using in spring and autumn
Before the spring returns to the temperature, part of the heat-insulating materials are loosened for ventilation, so that the damage of branch drying, early germination or night frost caused by the excessive internal temperature is avoided, all the heat-insulating materials are removed from a warehouse to be stored after the night frost damage period, the heat-insulating materials are stored until the heat-insulating materials are reused in winter, the places are ensured to be orderly and orderly arranged, the heat-insulating materials are bundled and stored in a warehouse, and the heat-insulating materials are protected from light and moisture, and the service life of the heat-insulating materials is prolonged;
s5, supplementing temperature in spring and autumn
As shown in figure 2, when the grape is about to mature after sprouting or in autumn, if the grape is damaged by low temperature, and the ambient temperature is lower than 0 ℃, the facility can be used for increasing the peripheral temperature of grape branches and buds to be higher than 0 ℃, so that the damage of early and late frost can be avoided.
In S1, non-cold-resistant grafting varieties comprise Cabernet Sauvignon, pink pearl, servernix pearl, sila, ma Erbei g, ma Selan, merlot, chardomo, leishmania, rose, xia Black, sunlight Rose and the like, which are rare wine grape varieties and fresh grape varieties, and in S2, the planting soil-embedding-free cultivation method of the self-rooted grape specifically comprises the following steps:
s204, planting the self-rooted grape subjected to traditional planting according to the plant spacing of 0.5-2.0 m and the row spacing of 2.0-3.0 m.
Example 5
As shown in fig. 3, the embodiment of the invention provides a grape buried-soil-free and frost-proof cultivation method based on a photoelectric complementary mode, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting grape seeds
Selecting grapes of non-cold-resistant grafting varieties, and selecting seedlings which grow vigorously and have good quality and no plant diseases and insect pests for cultivation;
s2, field planting and cultivating of grapes
The planting method of grape field planting of self-root seedling and soil burying-free cultivation method is adopted for the non-cold-resistant grafted variety;
s3, instrument arrangement and winter use
The method comprises the steps of adopting a trunk height of 40-120 cm to carry out inverted L-shaped shaping, binding a main vine to a first horizontal wire, binding an electric heating wire below the first horizontal wire, utilizing photovoltaic electric energy or a public power grid, automatically starting a power supply when the temperature of the periphery of the main vine is lower than-14 ℃ by using a temperature controller, converting the electric energy into heat energy so as to improve the periphery temperature of the main vine, automatically powering off when the periphery temperature of the main vine is higher than-12 ℃, and covering the whole plant with a moisturizing and heat-preserving material for saving the electric energy and preventing the water loss and the drying of the grape vine;
s4, using in spring and autumn
Before the spring returns to the temperature, part of the heat-insulating materials are loosened for ventilation, so that the damage of branch drying, early germination or night frost caused by the excessive internal temperature is avoided, all the heat-insulating materials are removed from a warehouse to be stored after the night frost damage period, the heat-insulating materials are stored until the heat-insulating materials are reused in winter, the places are ensured to be orderly and orderly arranged, the heat-insulating materials are bundled and stored in a warehouse, and the heat-insulating materials are protected from light and moisture, and the service life of the heat-insulating materials is prolonged;
s5, supplementing temperature in spring and autumn
As shown in figure 2, when the grape is about to mature after sprouting or in autumn, if the grape is damaged by low temperature, and the ambient temperature is lower than 0 ℃, the facility can be used for increasing the peripheral temperature of grape branches and buds to be higher than 0 ℃, so that the damage of early and late frost can be avoided.
In S1, non-cold-resistant grafting varieties comprise Cabernet Sauvignon, pink pearl, servernix pearl, sila, ma Erbei g, ma Selan, merlot, chardomo, leishmania, rose, xia Black, sunlight Rose and the like, which are all rare wine grape varieties and fresh grape quality, and in S2, the planting soil-embedding-free cultivation method of the self-rooted grape specifically comprises the following steps:
s204, planting the self-rooted grape subjected to traditional planting according to the plant spacing of 0.5-2.0 m and the row spacing of 2.0-3.0 m.
Example 6
As shown in fig. 3, the embodiment of the invention provides a grape buried-soil-free and frost-proof cultivation method based on a photoelectric complementary mode, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting grape seeds
Selecting grapes of non-cold-resistant grafting varieties, and selecting seedlings which grow vigorously and have good quality and no plant diseases and insect pests for cultivation;
s2, field planting and cultivating of grapes
The planting method of grape field planting of self-root seedling and soil burying-free cultivation method is adopted for the non-cold-resistant grafted variety;
s3, instrument arrangement and winter use
Shaping the main vines in a shape like a Chinese character 'factory' by adopting the trunk height of 40-120 cm, binding the main vines to a first horizontal wire, binding electric heating wires below the first horizontal wire, automatically starting a power supply to convert electric energy into heat energy when the temperature of the periphery of the main vines of the grapes is lower than-14 ℃ by utilizing photovoltaic electric energy or a public power grid by using a temperature controller so as to improve the periphery temperature of the main vines of the grapes, and automatically powering off when the periphery temperature of the main vines of the grapes is higher than-12 ℃ so as to save the electric energy and prevent the branches of the grapes from dehydrating and drying, and covering the whole plant with a moisturizing and heat-preserving material;
s4, using in spring and autumn
Before the spring returns to the temperature, part of the heat-insulating materials are loosened for ventilation, so that the damage of branch drying, early germination or night frost caused by the excessive internal temperature is avoided, all the heat-insulating materials are removed from a warehouse to be stored after the night frost damage period, the heat-insulating materials are stored until the heat-insulating materials are reused in winter, the places are ensured to be orderly and orderly arranged, the heat-insulating materials are bundled and stored in a warehouse, and the heat-insulating materials are protected from light and moisture, and the service life of the heat-insulating materials is prolonged;
s5, supplementing temperature in spring and autumn
As shown in figure 2, when the grape is about to mature after sprouting or in autumn, if the grape is damaged by low temperature, and the ambient temperature is lower than 0 ℃, the facility can be used for increasing the peripheral temperature of grape branches and buds to be higher than 0 ℃, so that the damage of early and late frost can be avoided.
In S1, non-cold-resistant grafting varieties comprise Cabernet Sauvignon, pink pearl, servernix pearl, sila, ma Erbei g, ma Selan, merlot, chardomo, leishmania, rose, xia Black, sunlight Rose and the like, which are all rare wine grape varieties and fresh grape quality, and in S2, the planting soil-embedding-free cultivation method of the self-rooted grape specifically comprises the following steps:
s204, planting the self-rooted grape subjected to traditional planting according to the plant spacing of 0.5-2.0 m and the row spacing of 2.0-3.0 m. Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. The grape buried-soil-free and frost-proof cultivation method based on the photoelectric complementary mode is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, selecting grape seeds
Selecting a stress-resistant stock variety or a non-cold-resistant high-quality grape variety, and selecting seedlings which are vigorous in growth, good in quality and free from plant diseases and insect pests for cultivation;
s2, field planting and cultivating of grapes
Planting and culturing the grapes according to the selected grapes of different varieties in a proper mode, adopting a high-grafting grape soil-burying-free cultivation method based on the stress-resistant stock for the stress-resistant stock varieties, and adopting a self-root seedling planting soil-burying-free cultivation method for the non-cold-resistant high-quality grape varieties;
s3, instrument arrangement and winter use
Shaping the main vines in a T shape, an inverted L shape or a factory shape by adopting a trunk height of 40cm or 50 cm to 120cm, binding the main vines to a first horizontal wire, binding electric heating wires below the first horizontal wire, wrapping the stock and scion branches which are 40cm to 80cm away from the ground by adopting a simple heat preservation material, automatically starting a power supply to convert the electric energy into heat energy when the peripheral temperature of the main vines of the grapes is lower than-14 ℃ by utilizing photovoltaic electric energy or a public power grid by utilizing a temperature controller, and automatically powering off when the peripheral temperature of the main vines of the grapes is higher than-12 ℃ to save the electric energy and prevent the water loss and the drainage of the grape vines, and wrapping or covering the moisture preservation material on the main vines or the whole grape vines;
s4, using in spring and autumn
After the spring returns to the temperature, part of the heat-insulating materials are loosened for ventilation, and all the heat-insulating materials are removed from the warehouse to be stored after the hazard period of night frost is over, and the heat-insulating materials are stored until the heat-insulating materials are reused in winter;
s5, supplementing temperature in spring and autumn
When the grape is germinated or the grape is about to mature in autumn, if the grape is damaged by low temperature, the peripheral temperature of grape branches and buds can be increased to be more than 0 ℃ by using the facility when the environmental temperature is lower than 0 ℃, so that the damage of early and late frost is avoided.
2. The grape cultivation method based on photoelectric complementary mode without soil burying and frost prevention, as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in the S1, the stress-resistant stock varieties comprise a hybrid of the European Amur grape and an international stress-resistant stock variety.
3. The grape cultivation method based on photoelectric complementary mode without soil burying and frost prevention according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the hybrid of the European Amur grape comprises North rose, north Red and Legious red.
4. The grape cultivation method based on photoelectric complementary mode without soil burying and frost prevention according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the international stress-resistant stock varieties comprise Riparia Glorie, 420A MGt, 196-17Cl, 161-49C, 3309C and 101-14.
5. The grape cultivation method based on photoelectric complementary mode without soil burying and frost prevention, as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in the S1, the non-anti high-quality grape varieties comprise Cabernet Sauvignon, pink Saccharum sinensis Roxb, servernix, sila, ma Erbei g, ma Selan, merlot, chardonnay, leishmania, rose Bengal and Xiablack. Sunlight rose wine brewing and fresh grape varieties.
6. The grape cultivation method based on photoelectric complementary mode without soil burying and frost prevention, as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in the S2, the high-grafting grape soil-burying-free cultivation method based on the stress-resistant stock specifically comprises the following steps of:
s201, planting a hybrid of the European grape and a resistant grape stock seedling which can safely overwinter by adopting plant spacing of 1.0-2.0 m and row spacing of 1.5-3.0 m, and culturing the grape stock ground-setting seedling;
s202, after grape stock seedlings grow to 70-140 cm in the current year or the next year of field planting, retaining grape varieties required by green branch grafting when branches and tendrils are semi-lignified above 50-120 cm from the ground, wherein the height of the stock is 50-120 cm;
s203, culturing according to a grafted seedling management technology, and ensuring that the root parts of the scions in the current year form full and mature 3-5 winter buds.
7. The grape cultivation method based on photoelectric complementary mode without soil burying and frost prevention, as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in the S2, the self-rooted grape field planting soil-burying-free cultivation method specifically comprises the following steps:
s204, planting the self-rooted grape subjected to traditional planting according to the plant spacing of 0.5-2.0 m and the row spacing of 2.0-3.0 m.
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| KR20170009175A (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2017-01-25 | 그린 주식회사 | Facilities for ginseng growing and grow method of ginseng using the same |
| CN111264285A (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2020-06-12 | 宁夏大学 | Grape over-winter cultivation method without shelf and soil burying by using cold-resistant rootstock high grafting |
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