CN111557209B - Grape tree form suitable for simple single-span arched shed and construction method - Google Patents
Grape tree form suitable for simple single-span arched shed and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111557209B CN111557209B CN202010458682.6A CN202010458682A CN111557209B CN 111557209 B CN111557209 B CN 111557209B CN 202010458682 A CN202010458682 A CN 202010458682A CN 111557209 B CN111557209 B CN 111557209B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a grape tree form suitable for a simple single-span arched shed and a construction method, wherein the grape tree form is provided with an upright trunk, the upper end of the upright trunk is cultivated with a first main vine and a second main vine which extend reversely along the length direction of a ridge, the position on the first main vine or the second main vine close to the upright trunk is cultivated with a third main vine which is perpendicular to the main vine and extends upwards in an inclined way and then horizontally extends along the width direction of the ridge, two sides of the first main vine and two sides of the second main vine are both cultivated with first bearing branches at intervals, and two sides of the first bearing branches are cultivated to form a V-shaped leaf curtain through pulling wire traction; and (4) cultivating second fruiting branches at intervals on two sides of the third main vine, and horizontally extending and cultivating the second fruiting branches on the two sides on the flat shed frame along the length direction of the ridges in the reverse direction to form a horizontal leaf curtain. The frame is simple in shape, is formed in one year, is suitable for grape varieties which are slightly pruned in short and medium, is V-shaped leaf curtains and horizontal leaf curtains, is high in photosynthetic utilization rate, good in ventilation and light transmission, convenient for mechanical operation, and capable of realizing spatial three-dimensional distribution of fruiting parts and enhancing sightseeing picking experience.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of grape cultivation, in particular to a grape tree form suitable for a simple single-span arched shed and a construction method.
Background
The simple single-span arch shed rain-sheltering cultivation of the grapes has the characteristics of low facility cost, good rain-sheltering effect, wide application range and the like. At present, the cultivation is mostly carried out by adopting a 'V' shape and a 'T' shape of a fence frame or a dragon trunk shape of a simple horizontal shed frame. The simple single-span arched shed A is generally 8 m in width and 2.5-3 m in top height, a V-shaped cultivation mode and a T-shaped cultivation mode of a fence frame are adopted, if three rows are planted, the row spacing is narrow, the interior of the shed is closed, ventilation and light transmission are poor, diseases and insect pests are serious, mechanical operation is not facilitated, and the experience of sightseeing picking is not high; if two lines are planted, the land utilization rate per unit area is low, and the economic benefit of a planting house is seriously influenced; the cultivation method of the dragon trunk shape of the simple horizontal shed frame is adopted, grape branch tips and fruit clusters are all distributed on the surface of the whole simple horizontal shed frame, no support is arranged in the middle of the frame surface, the frame surface is sunk under the action of gravity, and the experience of mechanized operation and sightseeing picking is influenced.
The inventor discovers that in the process of implementing the invention:
the technical characteristics of the grape tree form and the construction method thereof with the patent application number of 201510663002.3 are that a vertical trunk is cultivated, and two main vines are respectively cultivated on the trunk; and then the upright trunk is converted into horizontal extension to continue to form a section of horizontal trunk, the top end of the horizontal trunk is divided into two main tendrils on the left and right, the 4 main tendrils are positioned on the same horizontal plane, the tree vigor of vigorous species is alleviated to a certain extent, the summer management workload is reduced, and meanwhile, the mechanical operation and the sightseeing of a vineyard are facilitated. Therefore, the construction of the tree form suitable for the simple single-span arched shed rain-sheltering cultivation has an important promotion effect on the popularization and application of the grape facility rain-sheltering cultivation technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a grape tree form suitable for a simple single-span arched shed and a construction method, and the grape tree form has the characteristics of quick forming, good ventilation and light transmission, convenience for mechanical operation and enhancement of sightseeing picking experience.
Therefore, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a grape tree form suitable for a simple single-span arched shed comprises a flat shed frame with pull lines, and is characterized in that: the grape tree shape is provided with a vertical trunk, two first main vines and two second main vines which extend reversely along the length direction of the ridge are cultivated above the vertical trunk, a third main vine which is perpendicular to the main vine is cultivated on the first main vine or the second main vine and is close to the vertical trunk, the third main vine is inclined upwards and extends horizontally along the width direction of the ridge, the third main vine, the first main vine and the second main vine are located on different planes, and a projection included angle is 90 degrees, wherein:
cultivating first fruit branches at intervals on two sides of the first main vine and the second main vine, wherein the first fruit branches on the two sides are pulled by pull wires to form a V-shaped leaf curtain, and the included angle of the V shape is 90-105 degrees;
cultivating second fruiting branches at intervals on two sides of the third main vine, and horizontally extending and cultivating the second fruiting branches on the two sides on the flat shed frame along the length direction of the ridges in the reverse direction to form a horizontal leaf curtain;
wherein the third main tendrils of the two opposite grapevines in the row extend and cultivate oppositely.
The grapevine tree shape construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
A. ridging and field planting:
the ridging specification is that the width of the bottom of each ridge is 2m, and the height of each ridge is 30-40 cm; the planting density is 4m of row spacing and the plant spacing in the length direction of the ridges is 2 m;
B. and (3) cultivating trunks and main vines:
keeping a robust young shoot to grow vertically after sprouting in the same year of field planting, pinching when the length of the young shoot reaches 0.9-1.1 m, cultivating the young shoot into a vertical trunk, reserving two auxiliary shoots at the top end after pinching to respectively extend and cultivate along the length direction of ridges in a reverse direction at a position 15-20 cm above the vertical trunk, cultivating a first main vine and a second main vine with the growth degree of 0.95-1.0 m, and erasing other auxiliary shoots; selecting a strong new tip as a third main vine from the position of the first main vine or the second main vine close to the trunk for oblique cultivation, pinching after the new tip reaches the surface of the flat shed frame, and keeping the secondary tip of the terminal bud to continue to grow horizontally, wherein: the cultivation length of the inclined part is 0.9-0.95 m, the cultivation length of the horizontal part is 1.2-1.3 m, and other secondary tips are all erased; pinching when the first main vine and the second main vine of two adjacent plants are connected;
C. and (5) cultivating the bearing mother branches:
picking buds and fixing tips of all new tips on the first main vine, the second main vine and the third main vine according to a distance of 15-20 cm, and performing pinching and ripening treatment, namely, 2-3 leaves are reserved on terminal buds for repeatedly pinching, 1-2 leaves are reserved on side buds for pinching after the end buds are dead, so that the lengths of the first bearing branch and the second bearing branch are controlled to be 0.95-1.0 m; when pruning is carried out in winter, the thickness of the base of the branch reaches 0.8cm or more, 1-2 buds are left for short and slight pruning, the branch is used as a fruiting mother branch or a preparation branch in the next year, and the rest branches are thinned and removed from the base, so that tree-shaped cultivation is completed;
in the second year, the load capacity of the grape fruits is controlled to be 750-1500 kg per mu;
in the third year and above, the load capacity of the grape fruits is controlled to be 1000-1500 kg per mu.
Has the advantages that: the tree form is particularly suitable for rain sheltering cultivation of a simple single-span arched shed, the existing facility (the simple single-span arched shed) can be utilized or newly built, the cost is relatively low, compared with the prior art, the tree form has the advantages that the trunk and the main spreading and extending space are long, the tree form is beneficial to relieving the tree vigor of vigorous varieties, and the summer management workload is reduced; the grape tree form is simple, the forming is quick (forming in one year), and the grape tree form is suitable for grape varieties trimmed at the medium and short sides; in the same simple single-span arched shed, a horizontal leaf curtain is cultivated in the middle, and V-shaped leaf curtains are arranged on two sides of the shed, so that the photosynthetic efficiency is high, the ventilation and the light transmission are good, and the disease occurrence degree is favorably reduced; meanwhile, the mechanical operation is convenient, the fruit positions are spatially and three-dimensionally distributed, and the sightseeing picking experience is enhanced.
The invention has practical value and popularization prospect for simple single-span arched shed grape rain-sheltering cultivation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a grapevine form of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a layout diagram of the grape tree form in the simple single arch shed.
Shown in the figure: 1. erecting a trunk; 2. a first main vine; 3. a second main vine; 4. a third main vine; 5. a first fruit branch; 6. v-shaped leaf curtains; 7. a second bearing branch; 8. a horizontal leaf curtain; 9. grape fruits.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the embodiment should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The invention is shown in fig. 1 and 2:
a grape tree form suitable for a simple single-span arched shed comprises a flat shed frame with pull lines, the grape tree form is provided with a vertical main stem 1, two first main vines 2 and two second main vines 3 extending reversely in the length direction of a ridge are cultivated above the vertical main stem, a third main vine 4 perpendicular to the main vine is cultivated on the first main vine 2 or the second main vine 3 and close to the vertical main stem 1, the third main vine extends upwards in an inclined mode and then horizontally extends in the width direction of the ridge, the third main vine 4 is located on a different plane from the first main vine and the second main vine, and the projection included angle is 90 degrees, wherein:
cultivating first fruit branches 5 at intervals on two sides of the first main vine and the second main vine, wherein the first fruit branches on the two sides are pulled by pull wires to form a V-shaped leaf curtain 6, and the included angle of the V shape is 90-105 degrees;
cultivating second bearing branches 7 at intervals on two sides of the third main vine 4, and horizontally extending and cultivating the second bearing branches on the two sides on the flat shed frame along the length direction of the ridges in the reverse direction to form a horizontal leaf curtain 8;
wherein the third main tendrils 4 of the two opposite grapevines in the row extend and cultivate oppositely.
The grapevine shape construction method comprises the following steps:
A. ridging and field planting:
the ridging specification is that the width of the bottom of each ridge is 2m, and the height of each ridge is 30-40 cm; the planting density is 4m of row spacing and the plant spacing in the length direction of the ridges is 2 m;
B. and (3) cultivating trunks and main vines:
keeping a robust young shoot to grow vertically after sprouting in the same year of field planting, pinching when the length of the young shoot reaches 0.9-1.1 m, cultivating the young shoot into a vertical trunk, reserving two auxiliary shoots at the top end after pinching to respectively extend and cultivate along the length direction of ridges in a reverse direction at a position 15-20 cm above the vertical trunk, cultivating a first main vine and a second main vine with the growth degree of 0.95-1.0 m, and erasing other auxiliary shoots; selecting a strong new tip as a third main vine from the position of the first main vine or the second main vine close to the trunk for oblique cultivation, pinching after the new tip reaches the surface of the flat shed frame, and keeping the secondary tip of the terminal bud to continue to grow horizontally, wherein: the cultivation length of the inclined part is 0.9-0.95 m, the cultivation length of the horizontal part is 1.2-1.3 m, and other secondary tips are all erased; pinching when the first main vine and the second main vine of two adjacent plants are connected;
C. and (5) cultivating the bearing mother branches:
picking buds and fixing tips of all new tips on the first main vine, the second main vine and the third main vine according to a distance of 15-20 cm, and performing pinching and ripening treatment, namely, 2-3 leaves are reserved on terminal buds for repeatedly pinching, 1-2 leaves are reserved on side buds for pinching after the end buds are dead, so that the lengths of the first bearing branch and the second bearing branch are controlled to be 0.95-1.0 m; when pruning is carried out in winter, the thickness of the base of the branch reaches 0.8cm or more, 1-2 buds are left for short and slight pruning, the branch is used as a fruiting mother branch or a preparation branch in the next year, and the rest branches are thinned and removed from the base, so that tree-shaped cultivation is completed;
in the second year, the load capacity of the grape fruits is controlled to be 750-1500 kg per mu;
in the third year and above, the load capacity of the grape fruits is controlled to be 1000-1500 kg per mu.
From the above description of the construction method, those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and modifications and substitutions based on the known technology in the field are within the scope of the present invention, which is defined by the claims.
Claims (2)
1. A grape tree form suitable for a simple single-span arched shed comprises a flat shed frame with pull lines, and is characterized in that: the grape tree shape is provided with a vertical trunk, two first main vines and two second main vines which extend reversely along the length direction of the ridge are cultivated above the vertical trunk, a third main vine which is perpendicular to the main vine is cultivated on the first main vine or the second main vine and is close to the vertical trunk, the third main vine is inclined upwards and extends horizontally along the width direction of the ridge, the third main vine, the first main vine and the second main vine are located on different planes, and a projection included angle is 90 degrees, wherein:
cultivating first fruit branches at intervals on two sides of the first main vine and the second main vine, wherein the first fruit branches on the two sides are pulled by pull wires to form a V-shaped leaf curtain, and the included angle of the V shape is 90-105 degrees;
cultivating second fruiting branches at intervals on two sides of the third main vine, and horizontally extending and cultivating the second fruiting branches on the two sides on the flat shed frame along the length direction of the ridges in the reverse direction to form a horizontal leaf curtain;
wherein the third main tendrils of the two opposite grapevines in the row extend and cultivate oppositely.
2. A method of constructing a grapevine tree according to claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
A. ridging and field planting:
the ridging specification is that the width of the bottom of each ridge is 2m, and the height of each ridge is 30-40 cm; the planting density is 4m of row spacing and the plant spacing in the length direction of the ridges is 2 m;
B. and (3) cultivating trunks and main vines:
keeping a robust young shoot to grow vertically after sprouting in the same year of field planting, pinching when the length of the young shoot reaches 0.9-1.1 m, cultivating the young shoot into a vertical trunk, reserving two auxiliary shoots at the top end after pinching to respectively extend and cultivate along the length direction of ridges in a reverse direction at a position 15-20 cm above the vertical trunk, cultivating a first main vine and a second main vine with the growth degree of 0.95-1.0 m, and erasing other auxiliary shoots; selecting a strong new tip as a third main vine from the position of the first main vine or the second main vine close to the trunk for oblique cultivation, pinching after the new tip reaches the surface of the flat shed frame, and keeping the secondary tip of the terminal bud to continue to grow horizontally, wherein: the cultivation length of the inclined part is 0.9-0.95 m, the cultivation length of the horizontal part is 1.2-1.3 m, and other secondary tips are all erased; pinching when the first main vine and the second main vine of two adjacent plants are connected;
C. and (5) cultivating the bearing mother branches:
picking buds and fixing tips of all new tips on the first main vine, the second main vine and the third main vine according to a distance of 15-20 cm, and performing pinching and ripening treatment, namely, 2-3 leaves are reserved on terminal buds for repeatedly pinching, 1-2 leaves are reserved on side buds for pinching after the end buds are dead, so that the lengths of the first bearing branch and the second bearing branch are controlled to be 0.95-1.0 m; when pruning is carried out in winter, the thickness of the base of the branch reaches 0.8cm or more, 1-2 buds are left for short and slight pruning, the branch is used as a fruiting mother branch or a preparation branch in the next year, and the rest branches are thinned and removed from the base, so that tree-shaped cultivation is completed;
in the second year, the load capacity of the grape fruits is controlled to be 750-1500 kg per mu;
in the third year and above, the load capacity of the grape fruits is controlled to be 1000-1500 kg per mu.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20140094242A (en) * | 2013-01-22 | 2014-07-30 | 백이남 | Long branches training system of vine |
| CN105557448A (en) * | 2016-01-18 | 2016-05-11 | 石河子农业科学研究院 | Dual-parallelism grape canopy frame and grape cultivation method suitable for soil-burying cold-proof area |
| CN109983980A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-07-09 | 上海马陆葡萄公园有限公司 | A kind of T shape grape is tree-like and forming method thereof |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20140094242A (en) * | 2013-01-22 | 2014-07-30 | 백이남 | Long branches training system of vine |
| CN105557448A (en) * | 2016-01-18 | 2016-05-11 | 石河子农业科学研究院 | Dual-parallelism grape canopy frame and grape cultivation method suitable for soil-burying cold-proof area |
| CN109983980A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-07-09 | 上海马陆葡萄公园有限公司 | A kind of T shape grape is tree-like and forming method thereof |
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