CN112056161B

CN112056161B - Precise control type stable yield cultivation method for passion flower and passion fruit

Info

Publication number: CN112056161B
Application number: CN202010988288.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 廖汝玉; 牛先前; 王小安
Original assignee: Pomology Research Institute Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Pomology Research Institute Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2020-09-18
Filing date: 2020-09-18
Publication date: 2022-10-21
Anticipated expiration: 2040-09-18
Also published as: CN112056161A

Abstract

The invention relates to a precise and controlled type stable yield cultivation method for passion flower and passion fruit, which effectively solves the problem of continuous cropping obstacles, overcomes the high-density cultivation obstacles of passion flower and passion fruit, improves the space utilization rate of a shed frame and realizes high and stable yield by integrating a root-limiting cultivation technology of annual ring furrows, a high-density cultivation technology of passion fruit and a precise tip-controlling shaping and trimming technology of passion fruit. The application of the technology breaks through the problems of low yield, poor fruit quality, low comprehensive benefit and the like caused by insufficient shed frame space and the like in the original crop rotation planting mode.

Description

Precise control type stable yield cultivation method for passion flower and passion fruit

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a precise control type stable yield cultivation method for passion flower passion fruit.

Background

The passion flower passion fruit has the advantages of fast growth and income in the same year when being planted; the planting scale is flexible, the investment is small, the fruit trees become 'good fortune fruits' which can be depleted and enriched, and the fruit trees are a new fruit tree industry which is mainly created in recent years. At present, 20 ten thousand mu of cultivation area is reserved in the Fujian province, and nearly one million mu exists in the whole country. However, the passion flower and passion fruit industry has two problems at present, and the development of the industry is severely restricted. The first is the continuous cropping obstacle problem of passion flower and passion fruit planting, which is mainly characterized by high and serious incidence of plant diseases and insect pests, weak tree vigor, small fruit and poor quality. Secondly, the yield is low, and the current yield per mu is generally about 1500 jin. The problem of continuous cropping obstacle and low yield is solved, and the threshold which must be crossed for improving the planting benefit of passion flower passion fruit is provided.

The annular ridge is the most effective technology for overcoming the rotation obstacle of passion flower and passion fruit, and the close planting is an important way for improving the yield per unit of crops. However, in the past production process of the passion fruit, nearly half of orchard land is left unused at every other annual ring ridge and is not adopted by producers; due to the lack of a matched pruning technology, the passion fruit is planted at high density, plants grow in the same shed frame space, the orchard is highly closed, flower formation and fruit setting are seriously influenced, and the yield is low and the pest and disease damage is serious.

According to the invention, an annual ring ridge separating technology, a high-density cultivation technology and a precise control tip shaping and trimming technology are fused, so that the space utilization rate of the passion flower and passion fruit trellis is improved to serve as a cut-in opening, and the space utilization rate of the trellis is greatly improved by changing the shaping and trimming method while the high-density cultivation of the annual ring ridge separating technology is carried out. The planting area is not increased, the planting shed frame is not changed, high-density planting can be realized, and the problems of continuous cropping obstacles, low yield and low quality of passion flower passion fruit are solved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a precise control type stable yield cultivation technology for passion flower passion fruit, which solves the technical problem that orchard land is idle due to alternate annual rings in the prior art, and solves the technical problems of high closure of the orchard, low yield and serious pest and disease damage due to high-density planting of the passion fruit.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

1) And (5) bed preparation. The width of the ridge surface is 1.2m, the height of the ridge is 0.5m, and the width of the furrow is 0.3m. Planting at intervals, wherein the spaced planting ridges are used as planting ridges of the next year. The depth of the ditch is kept to be 50cm, so that the roots of the plants in the current year are prevented from being horizontally strung.

2) And (5) building a shed frame. The method is carried out according to the existing flat shed type erecting mode. Namely: the stand interval is 3 x 3m, and height is 1.8-2.0m, and the stand is perpendicular to ground. Performing wire drawing according to the current wire drawing mode and materials; the main line is fixed in the center of the upright post and is parallel to the direction of the planting bed; one auxiliary pull line is arranged on each of the left side and the right side of the main line and is parallel to the main line at a distance of 1m; the auxiliary lines are perpendicular to the main lines and the auxiliary lines, and 2-3 pull lines are arranged among the upright posts as required.

3) And (4) planting. Planting at intervals of 0.75-1.0m of plant spacing and 3.0m of row spacing, namely, planting 3-4 plants between every two upright posts.

4) And (5) guiding vines. The first plant in each ridge is led to the main line, the second plant is led to the auxiliary line on the left side of the main line, the third plant is led to the auxiliary line on the right side of the main line, the fourth plant is led to the main line again, the fifth and sixth plants are referred to the second and third plants, and the like.

5) And (5) topping the main vines. And (4) topping when the main vines grow to be about 20cm away from the tops of the trellis, so as to promote the first-stage vines.

6) And (5) performing primary vine management. After the main vine is topped, 2 strong lateral buds are selected and reserved as first-level vines. Leading the trellis lines (main lines or auxiliary lines) on the first-stage vines, and tying the vines in the opposite direction along the parallel direction of the trellis lines to fix the growing direction. And (4) topping when the first-stage vines grow to 1.5m respectively, and controlling the growth amount.

7) And (5) secondary vine management. Lateral buds sprout on the first-stage tendrils, and the first-stage tendrils are cultured into second-stage tendrils and serve as main fruiting tendrils of the first batch in the current year. The secondary vines are all vertical to the ground from the shed frame to form a vertical curtain type growing mode. Only one secondary vine is reserved at the same position, and redundant branches and vines are removed in time. And 3-6 secondary vine fruits are picked, and the core is picked at the position of the next leaf of the last fruit setting position. And (3) retracting and shearing the second node of the base part to promote new second-stage fruiting vines when no fruit setting or inflorescence exists in the second-stage vines within 60-80cm, and managing according to the 'second-stage vine management'.

8) After harvesting, the second-level tendrils of the harvested fruits are retracted and repaired at the 2 nd node of the base within 1-2 days, new second-level fruiting tendrils (the second main fruiting tendrils in the current year) are promoted, and management is carried out according to the 'second-level tendrils management'.

9) And (5) clearing the garden after planting in the same year. And in the next year, planting passion flower passion fruit on the furrow reserved in the current year and managing according to the 3-8 points.

The invention has the advantages that: according to the method, the annual ring ridge-row spacing technology, the high-density cultivation technology and the precise control tip shaping and trimming technology are fused, the space utilization rate of the passion flower passion fruit shed frame is improved to serve as a cut-in, and the shaping and trimming method is changed while the annual ring ridge-row spacing high-density cultivation is carried out, so that the space utilization rate of the shed frame is greatly improved. The planting area is not increased, the planting shed frame is not changed, high-density planting can be realized, and the problems of continuous cropping obstacles, low yield and low quality of passion flower passion fruit are solved. The invention has the characteristics of strong production operability, simplicity, practicability, convenient management and no increase of investment; low popularization difficulty and obvious application effect.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of planting, wherein A is a schematic view of a planting plane; b is a schematic diagram of a shed building frame and a vine guiding frame; c is a schematic diagram of single-ridge vine guiding; d is a single line trimming schematic diagram;

FIG. 2 is a plan view of vine guiding;

fig. 3 is a schematic view of vine guiding at a planting site.

Detailed Description

1) And (5) bed preparation. The width of the ridge surface is 1.2m, the height of the ridge is 0.5m, and the width of the furrow is 0.3m. Planting at intervals, and taking the spaced planting ridges as planting ridges of the next year. The depth of the ditch is kept to be 50cm, so that the roots of the plants in the current year are prevented from being horizontally strung.

4) Guiding vines. The first plant in each bed is led to the main line, the second plant is led to the auxiliary line at the left of the main line, the third plant is led to the auxiliary line at the right of the main line, the fourth plant is led to the main line again, the fifth and sixth plants are referred to the second and third plants, and so on, as shown in figures 2 and 3.

6) And (5) performing primary vine management. After the main vine is topped, 2 strong lateral buds are selected and reserved as first-level vines. Leading the first-stage vines to be covered with trellis lines (main lines or auxiliary lines), and tying the vines in the parallel opposite direction of the trellis lines to fix the growing direction. And (4) topping when the first-level vines grow to 1.5m respectively, and controlling the growth amount.

7) And (5) secondary vine management. Lateral buds sprout on the first-stage tendrils, and the first-stage tendrils are cultured into second-stage tendrils and serve as main fruiting tendrils of the first batch in the current year. The secondary vines are all vertical to the ground from the trellis, and a vertical curtain type growth mode is formed. Only one secondary vine is reserved at the same position, and redundant branches and vines need to be removed in time. And 3-6 secondary vine fruits are produced, and pinching is carried out at the position of the next leaf of the last fruit setting position. And (3) retracting and shearing the second node of the base part to promote new second-stage fruiting vines when no fruit setting or inflorescence exists in the second-stage vines within 60-80cm, and managing according to the 'second-stage vine management'.

Example 1

In 2019, in an orchard continuously planted in Zhangzhou peace and Wuzhai for 5 years, the method is adopted to plant passion fruit, 2-month-bottom Fujian passion fruit 3 # 80cm big seedlings are planted, the planting density is 1.0m, the row spacing is 3.0m, 200 plants/mu are planted, the initial flower is started in the last ten days of 4 months, the harvesting is started in the last ten days of 6 months, the yield per mu of the first batch of fruit is about 850kg, the harvesting is started in the middle ten days of 10 months of the second batch of fruit until the current month is 11, the yield per mu is about 700kg, the yield per year is 1550kg, the yield per mu of the same orchard adopting the original planting mode is about 900kg, the canopy frame is closed very much in the next half year, the fruits are obviously small, and the labor force is roughly counted by comparing the labor amount, and 5-7 workers/mu are saved by adopting the method. After the planting in the alternate annual ring ridge is finished, the plant grows healthily, the phenomena of small fruits, serious stem base rot and the like of the original continuous cropping planting performance basically do not occur, and particularly, the smoothness and the coloring of the fruits are greatly improved.

Example 2

A base in which the Longyan Yongxi stream has been continuously planted for 3 years already has continuous cropping obstacle performance, and alternate-year round ridge planting is carried out in 2018 according to the original shaping and trimming mode. The method is adopted for planting in 2019, 1 st 80cm of passion fruit is planted in Fujian province in 3 middle ten days of the month, the plant spacing is 0.75m, the row spacing is 3.0m, 250 plants are planted in each mu, the first time of blossom begins in 4 last ten days, the first batch of fruits begins to be harvested in 6 last days of the month, about 1100kg of yield per mu is roughly counted, the second batch of fruits begins to be harvested in 9 middle ten days of the month, about 900kg of yield per mu is roughly counted when the temperature begins to be reduced in 11 middle ten days of the year, the annual yield is about 2000 kg/mu, the annual yield per mu in 4 years before planting in the base is 1200kg, 700kg, 750kg and 900kg respectively, the yield is about 800kg different from the best annual yield by adopting the method for planting, the yield benefit is greatly improved, the phenomenon of half-year canopy closure in the original planting mode disappears, and the performance of continuous cropping obstacles does not exist.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.

Claims

1. An accurate control type stable yield cultivation method of passion flower passion fruit is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) Leveling the ridge; (2) building a shed frame; (3) planting; (4) guiding vines; (5) topping the main vines; (6) primary vine management; (7) secondary vine management; (8) managing after harvesting; (9) clearing the garden;

the specific method for furrow preparation comprises the following steps: the ridge surface width is 1.2m, the ridge height is 0.5m, the furrow width is 0.3m, the ridge-separated planting is planted, the separated planting ridges are used as planting ridges of the next year, and the furrow depth is kept to be 50cm;

the shed building method comprises the following steps: the distance between the upright columns is 3 multiplied by 3m, the height is 1.8 to 2.0m, and the upright columns are vertical to the ground; the main line is fixed in the center of the upright post and is parallel to the direction of the planting bed; one auxiliary pull line is arranged on each of the left side and the right side of the main line and is parallel to the main line at a distance of 1m; the auxiliary line is vertical to the main line and the auxiliary line, and 2-3 stay wires are arranged;

the planting method comprises the following steps: planting at intervals of 0.75-1.0m of plant spacing and 3.0m of row spacing, namely, interplanting 3-4 plants between every two upright posts;

the specific method for guiding the tendrils comprises the following steps: leading the first plant to the main line, the second plant to the auxiliary line at the left of the main line, the third plant to the auxiliary line at the right of the main line, the fourth plant to the main line, the fifth and sixth plants referring to the second and third plants, and so on;

the main vine topping method comprises the following specific steps: when the main vines grow to be 20cm away from the top of the shed frame, topping to promote the growth of first-level vines;

the specific method for managing the first-stage vines comprises the steps of selecting and reserving 2 strong lateral buds as the first-stage vines after the main vines are topped; guiding the first-stage vines to be mounted on the trellis, tying the vines in the opposite direction along the parallel trellis lines, fixing the growth direction, topping when the first-stage vines grow to 1.5m respectively, and controlling the growth amount;

the specific method for the secondary vine management comprises the following steps: lateral buds germinate on the first-stage tendrils, the first-stage tendrils are cultured into second-stage tendrils which serve as main fruiting tendrils of the first batch in the current year, and the second-stage tendrils are all vertical to the ground from the shed frame to form a vertical curtain type growth mode; only one secondary vine is reserved at the same position, and redundant branches and vines are removed in time; 3-6 secondary vine fruits are picked, and pinching is carried out at the position of the next leaf of the last fruit setting position; retracting and shearing at the second node of the base part in time when the secondary vines have no fruit setting or inflorescence within 60-80cm to promote new secondary fruiting vines;

the specific method for post-harvest management comprises the following steps: and (4) retracting and repairing the second-level tendrils of the picked fruits at the 2 nd node of the base part within 1-2 days after harvesting, promoting new second-level fruiting tendrils, and managing according to second-level tendrils management.