CN109380043A - A kind of tridimensional high-efficient cultivation method of apocarya and Kiwi berry - Google Patents
A kind of tridimensional high-efficient cultivation method of apocarya and Kiwi berry Download PDFInfo
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- CN109380043A CN109380043A CN201710666689.5A CN201710666689A CN109380043A CN 109380043 A CN109380043 A CN 109380043A CN 201710666689 A CN201710666689 A CN 201710666689A CN 109380043 A CN109380043 A CN 109380043A
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- apocarya
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The invention discloses the tridimensional high-efficient cultivation methods of a kind of apocarya and Kiwi berry.It is suitable for China East China apocarya and Kiwifruit Culture.This method is based on apocarya, and in underwood planting Kiwi berry, apocarya seeding row spacing is 6~12m × 6~12m, and Kiwi frame is greenhouse frame.The present invention makes full use of the characteristics of apocarya is as perennial high megaphanerophyte, under summer high temperature adverse circumstances, suitable environmental condition is provided for Kiwi growth, which can make full use of space, soil fertility, effective breeding time, improve the economic benefit of unit area.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruit tree cultivation technical fields, are related to the tridimensional high-efficient cultivation side of a kind of apocarya and Kiwi berry
Method.
Background technique
Apocarya also known as pecan tree are high-grade dry fruit famous in the world, edible oil materials.Into 21 century with
To come, apocarya industry is paid much attention to, and researcher solves the problems, such as the nursery of apocarya successively, including
Rich root cultivation of container seedling technology, graft technology.But apocarya early yield is low, the output value is low, is the master for restricting the industry
Want factor.And apocarya is high megaphanerophyte, and seeding row spacing is big, so early stage waste land resource.Therefore it can pass through set
Make other crops to reach with short benefit length, makes full use of the purpose of land resource.
Actinidia Actinidiaceae Actinidia defoliation liana, To Be Protected from Heat for happiness temperature, and light is afraid of strong light, hygrophilous fearness stain
Water.Kiwifruit Culture is with a long history in China, since the 21th century, as a kind of novel fruits, receives consumer
Favor, China's Kiwi berry industry is also developed rapidly.But in China East China, Kiwi berry developmental retardation, reason
It is that Summer High Temperature in East is rainy, weather is sultry, caused by atrocious weather environment.Therefore how to improve liftoff environment item
Part adapts to the problem of Kiwi growth just becomes researcher concern.By to Kiwi berry and apocarya biological characteristics
Property further investigation and field trial research, it is believed that apocarya and Kiwi berry interplanting have the application value of science.It is thin
Shell hickory nut and Kiwi berry are all long-acting industrial crops, using the stereo cultivating method of Kiwi berry and apocarya, macaque
The economic value of apocarya orchard early stage can be improved in peach, reaches with short benefit length, the purpose in abundant scientific utilization soil, together
When, the tall and big arbor of apocarya can becalm for Kiwi berry and cover day, reduce temperature and intensity of illumination, mention for Kiwi growth
For advantageous environmental condition.The tridimensional high-efficient cultivation method of apocarya and Kiwi berry is Kiwi berry and apocarya from now on
Fast development provide advantageous technical support, two tree species are complemented each other, joint development.
CN102870642A discloses the stereo cultivating method of a kind of Kiwi berry and grape, using flat canopy cultivating grape frame as base
Plinth establishes two layers of T-shape hedge frame, provides climbing for Kiwi berry by flat canopy grape trellis top pillar.Grape and Kiwi berry are all liana
Fruit trees are required to built during cultivation management, provide the condition of climbing for it.The double-deck posture is established in the patent,
I.e. flat canopy grape trellis provides climbing for grape, and two layers of T-shape hedge frame provide climbing for Kiwi berry, flat canopy grape trellis (190cm) with
35cm is differed between two layers of T-shape hedge frame (155cm), the management such as pruning, prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is inconvenient in cultivation, time-consuming
It takes a lot of work, during the growth process, branch is mutually wound two kinds of lianas of Kiwi berry and grape, is not easy to manage.Simultaneously, it is well known that
East China, due to summer high temperature high humidity, grape disease is serious, needs often to carry out medicament prevention and prevention and treatment, also can
Influence the fruit quality of Kiwi berry.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is being directed to the above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art, the solid of a kind of apocarya and Kiwi berry is provided
Efficient cultivation method.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of tridimensional high-efficient cultivation method of apocarya and Kiwi berry, comprises the following steps:
1. being colonized summer current year plants soya bean, autumn 2~4 tons of organic fertilizer per acre, using digging machine by soya bean and organic fertilizer
It is ploughed deeply, then carries out ridging；
2. choosing 3~5 years raw apocarya excellent variety seedlings after apocarya fallen leaves, seedling height exists
2.8m or more is colonized, and resident time is April November~next year, the low-lying land being planted between ridge and ridge, plant
It away from for 6~12 × 6~12m, is done surely after field planting, heading height is 2.3~2.5m；
3. being colonized after Kiwi berry fall foliage, it is planted among ridge, line-spacing is subject to ridging width, and spacing in the rows is 2~
Then 5m is done surely, heading height is 10~20cm；
4. built uses greenhouse frame posture, frame face height is 1.8~2.0m；
5. apocarya is tree-like to use globular model, it is cut to lead with the summer, to skeleton branch and extends branch pinching, inspire branch,
More fruit-bearing shoot clusters is formed, the winter, which cuts, carries out cutting back to skeleton branch, wipes out the 1/3~2/3 of annual shoot.
6. the tree-like pruning mode using "-" type of Kiwi berry, stays a trunk to grow up, when growing into greenhouse
When frame, two major branches are cultivated along the north-south direction, and the fruitful branch sprouted on major branch is lured to the East and West direction of hedge frame to be drawn；
7. when Kiwi berry winter pruning, selecting the full branch of robust growth bud eye female branch as a result, removing remaining knot
Fruit branch, 40~50cm of distance between bearing basal shoot, is distributed in major branch two sides, then to bearing basal shoot cutting back, retains 15~20
Full bud.
Wherein, the tridimensional high-efficient cultivation method of a kind of apocarya and Kiwi berry of the present invention, has preferably been applied per acre
3 tons of machine fertilizer.
The tridimensional high-efficient cultivation method of a kind of apocarya and Kiwi berry of the present invention carries out deep preferably by digging machine
It turns over, depth 1m.
The tridimensional high-efficient cultivation method of a kind of apocarya and Kiwi berry of the present invention, the row spacing of preferably ridging are
0.8~1.2m, a height of 0.6~1.0m in ridge, for soil heap in ridge face, ridge face is made into intermediate form ridge spacing high, both sides are low in ditch
For 3~5m；Further preferred row spacing is 0.8m, and a height of 0.6m in ridge, ridge spacing is 3m.
The plantation of the tridimensional high-efficient cultivation method of a kind of apocarya and Kiwi berry of the present invention, preferably apocarya
Seeding row spacing be 8 × 8m；The heading height of apocarya is 2.3m.
The tridimensional high-efficient cultivation method of a kind of apocarya and Kiwi berry of the present invention, preferably Kiwi berry greenhouse frame frame
Face height is 1.8m.
The tridimensional high-efficient cultivation method of a kind of apocarya and Kiwi berry of the present invention, the spacing in the rows of preferably Kiwi berry are
3m。
The tridimensional high-efficient cultivation method of a kind of apocarya and Kiwi berry of the present invention, preferably apocarya are tree-like
Using globular model, the nursery stock mid or late March of plant is done surely, and 2.3~2.5m of height selects the 1st layer from the young sprout of pumping on trunk
3~4, major branch, with the extension that center is done, one layer of major branch is selected and remain every year；2nd layer 2~3, major branch, the 3rd layer 2, major branch, layer
70~80cm of spacing；Branch pinching is extended to skeleton branch, inspires branch, forms more fruit-bearing shoot clusters；Winter cuts short to skeleton branch progress
It cuts, wipes out 1/3 of annual shoot or so.
After the field planting of the tridimensional high-efficient cultivation method of a kind of apocarya and Kiwi berry of the present invention, preferably Kiwi berry,
2-3 full leaf buds are stayed to carry out cutting bar processing, when young sprout is elongated to 30cm after rudiment, side, which is inserted, founds a bamboo pole, and fixation is auxiliary
Draw, prevent from winding, lures and draw its upright growth, be trained trunk；Reach frame face or when close to frame face position, to it is strong it is new slightly
Pinching is evened up apex in making the 1st major branch culture on greenhouse frame main line, the sublateral shoot of the place 20cm sprouting below the greenhouse frame main line
Draw to opposite both direction and tie up, makees the 2nd major branch culture；By culture, promote to grow sturdy, axillary bud is full；Kiwi berry winter repairs
When cutting, the full branch of robust growth bud eye female branch as a result is selected, remaining fruitful branch, the distance between bearing basal shoot are removed
40-50cm is distributed in major branch two sides, then to bearing basal shoot cutting back, retains 6-8 bud, and after next year rudiment, between young sprout from
20cm or so, which is lured, to be drawn in the two sides of greenhouse frame i.e. East and West direction branch as a result.
The utility model has the advantages that
The stereo cultivating method of the application cultivates Kiwi berry under thin shell mountain pecan peach, and competition for space is not present therebetween,
With the expansion of apocarya tree crown, gradually intermediate cutting, it is ensured that do not influence the yield and quality of Kiwi berry.Simultaneously in High temperature
According to summer, tall and big apocarya provides appropriate shade for Kiwi berry, and suitable diffused light condition is provided for Kiwi berry.
In addition, their interplanting can efficiently use space, soil fertility, effective breeding time, the economic benefit of unit area is greatly improved, is reached
Long purpose is mended with short.
And the present invention uses the tridimensional high-efficient cultivation method of apocarya and Kiwi berry, apocarya is as a kind of high
Big arbor, for tree crown in the upper surface of Kiwi berry greenhouse frame, the two is mutually indepedent, and management is easy to operate, special with CN102870642A
Benefit is compared, time and labour saving.It is pre- without medicament meanwhile it is understood that apocarya does not find any disease also at home at present
Anti- and prevention and treatment, provides Kiwi berry organic farming extremely beneficial condition.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is solid cultivation effect picture of the present invention
Specific embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below, so that advantages and features of the invention can be easier to by ability
Field technique personnel understanding, so as to make a clearer definition of the protection scope of the present invention.
Select kind: Kiwifruit Cultivars Xu Xiang, Hayward；Apocarya is wave Buddhist nun, card is more.
Embodiment 1
Site preparation ridging: after the selection of field, apocarya is colonized summer current year and plants soya bean, autumn organic fertilizer 3 per acre
Ton, soya bean and organic fertilizer are ploughed deeply, then carry out ridging using digging machine.By soil heap in ditch in ridge face, be made into it is intermediate it is high,
The low form in both sides, general row spacing 80cm, the high 60cm in ridge, both sides drainage trenching.The cave of 80cm square is dug at the center on wide ridge, it is deep
Degree is in 60cm or so.Surface soil and subsoil are placed on to the both sides in cave respectively when digging cave, dig it is good after use sufficient base fertilizer, when fertilising by surface soil and
Organic fertilizer is inserted in cave after being sufficiently stirred, and then backfills one layer of surface soil.
Field planting: after Kiwi berry fall foliage, selecting healthy and strong grafting, cuts off root that is injured or having root knob
Then system uses mud root dipping.The seedling for dipping in mud is placed on to the center in cave, makes root system, righting nursery stock in order.On one side by table fine crushing
Soil buries lid root, on one side carrying nursery stock once upwards gently, unfolds root system, is in close contact with the soil, then light with foot
It steps on.Sprinkle profoundly water in time, in the case where water seeps completely after cover one layer of loose thin soil again, prevent moisture from evaporating.Using spacing in the rows 3.0m, line-spacing
4.0m.Be worth noting: Kiwi berry is dioecian plant, Xiong Shu pollination, female tree result.Male and female tree ratio will arrange in pairs or groups suitably, and one
As production in male and female plant allocation ratio it is in the majority with 5~8 ︰ 1, just have sufficient pollination machine meeting in this way.
Planting technique: Kiwi berry needs to use the materials such as concrete column, iron wire, builds a greenhouse frame 1 year after field planting.One
The area of a canopy is normally controlled in 3333m2~6667m2, frame face height is 1.8m.Regular rectangle garden is set up at four angles
Corner post sets a side column every 2.5~4 meters in perimeter line；Angle is set up in the biggish place of curvature in irregular polygon garden
Column is also that a side column is set every 2.5~4 meters in perimeter line.The crosspoint that side column forms bracing wire is supported with top pillar, prevents lead
It is swung under silk.Corner post specification are as follows: long 3.3m × 0.14m × 0.14m；Side column specification are as follows: long 2.7m × 0.10m × 0.10m；Top pillar rule
Lattice are as follows: long 2.0m × 0.06m × 0.06m.
After Kiwi berry field planting, 2-3 full leaf buds is stayed to carry out cutting bar processing, when young sprout is elongated to 30cm after rudiment, by
Side, which is inserted, founds a bamboo pole, and fixation is auxiliary to draw, and prevents from winding, lures and draw its upright growth, be trained trunk.Reach frame face or slightly lower
When position, even up to strong new slightly pinching or apex in making the 1st major branch culture (permanent branches and tendrils) on hedge frame main line, in greenhouse
The sublateral shoot sprouted at 20cm below frame main line draws to opposite both direction to be tied up, and the 2nd major branch culture is made.By cultivating meticulously, promote
Grow sturdy, axillary bud is full.When Kiwi berry winter pruning, the full branch of robust growth bud eye female branch as a result is selected, is gone
Except remaining fruitful branch, distance 40-50cm between bearing basal shoot is distributed in major branch two sides, then to bearing basal shoot cutting back, retains 6-
8 buds, and after next year rudiment lure from 20cm or so between young sprout and draw in the two sides of greenhouse frame i.e. East and West direction branch as a result.
Apocarya plant: apocarya and autumn in Kiwi berry the same year plant, and apocarya takes thin planting, plant
Away from 6m~12m × 6m~12m, plant between Liang Long.Dig the cave of 80cm square at the center on two ridges, depth in the hole of 60cm,
Every hole applies enough decomposed farmyard manures, and when banketing to away from ground surface 30cm, backfill admixes the topsoil of organic fertilizer to being higher by ground
15~20cm of face, it is whole after transplanted seedling tree to set disk well, it sprinkles profoundly water.
Apocarya is tree-like to can be used brachycephalic.The nursery stock mid or late March of plant is done surely, 2.3~2.5m of height.From master
The 1st layer 3~4, major branch are selected in the young sprout of dry upper pumping.With the extension that center is done, one layer of major branch is selected and remain every year.2nd layer of major branch
2~3, the 3rd layer 2, major branch, 70~80cm of interlamellar spacing.Branch pinching is extended to skeleton branch, inspires branch, forms more fruitful branches
Group.Winter, which cuts, carries out cutting back to skeleton branch, wipes out 1/3 of annual shoot or so.
Implementation result: since this technology is implemented in kiwi fruit tree garden, the yield of unit area is Kiwi berry and shell mountain
Walnut collectively forms.Under the premise of not influencing the yield and quality of Kiwi berry, apocarya, which bears interest, to be indicated that and improves
The economic benefit of unit area.
The apocarya service life plants 3 years beginning fruitings up to 100 years or more, using grafting, has certain yield within 5 years,
100~150kg/ of annual output mus of the best fruiting period, kernel oil content is up to 70%.If calculated by 100 yuan/kg of existing market price,
Best fruiting period income can achieve 1.0~1.5 ten thousand yuan/mu.
Claims (9)
1. the tridimensional high-efficient cultivation method of a kind of apocarya and Kiwi berry, characterized by comprising the steps of:
1. apocarya is colonized summer current year and plants soya bean, autumn 2~4 tons of organic fertilizer per acre, using digging machine by soya bean and
Organic fertilizer is ploughed deeply, and ridging is then carried out；
2. apocarya fallen leaves after, choose 3~5 years raw apocarya excellent variety seedlings, seedling height 2.8m with
On be colonized, resident time be November to next year early March, the low-lying land being planted between ridge and ridge, seeding row spacing 6
~12 × 6~12m is done surely after field planting, and heading height is 2.3~2.5m；
3. being colonized after Kiwi berry fall foliage, it is planted among ridge, line-spacing is subject to ridging width, and spacing in the rows is 2~5m, so
After done surely, heading height be 10~20cm；
4. built uses greenhouse frame posture, frame face height is 1.8~2.0m；
5. apocarya is tree-like to use globular model, it is cut to lead with the summer, to skeleton branch and extends branch pinching, inspire branch, formed
More fruit-bearing shoot clusters, the winter, which cuts, carries out cutting back to skeleton branch, wipes out 1/3-2/3 of annual shoot or so.
6. the tree-like pruning mode using "-" type of Kiwi berry, stays a trunk to grow up, when growing into greenhouse frame,
Two major branches are cultivated along the north-south direction, and the fruitful branch sprouted on major branch is lured to the East and West direction of hedge frame to be drawn；
7. when Kiwi berry winter pruning, the full branch of robust growth bud eye female branch as a result is selected, remaining fruitful branch is removed,
40~50cm of distance between bearing basal shoot, is distributed in major branch two sides, and then to bearing basal shoot cutting back, reservation 15~20 is full
Bud.
2. the tridimensional high-efficient cultivation method of a kind of apocarya and Kiwi berry according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: every
3 tons of organic fertilizer of mu.
3. the tridimensional high-efficient cultivation method of a kind of apocarya and Kiwi berry according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: benefit
It is ploughed deeply with digging machine, depth 1m.
4. the tridimensional high-efficient cultivation method of a kind of apocarya and Kiwi berry according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: rise
The row spacing on ridge is 0.8~1.2m, a height of 0.6~1.0m in ridge, in ditch soil heap in ridge face, ridge face be made into it is intermediate it is high, both sides are low
Form ridge spacing is 3~5m；It is preferred that row spacing is 0.8m, a height of 0.6m in ridge, ridge spacing is 3m.
5. the tridimensional high-efficient cultivation method of a kind of apocarya and Kiwi berry according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: thin
The seeding row spacing of shell hickory nut plantation is 8 × 8m；The heading height of apocarya is 2.3m.
6. the tridimensional high-efficient cultivation method of a kind of apocarya and Kiwi berry according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: Mi
Monkey peach builds the greenhouse frame posture that frame face height is 1.8m 1 year after field planting.
7. the tridimensional high-efficient cultivation method of a kind of apocarya and Kiwi berry according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: Mi
The spacing in the rows of monkey peach is 3m.
8. the tridimensional high-efficient cultivation method of a kind of apocarya and Kiwi berry according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: thin
Shell hickory nut is tree-like to use brachycephalic, and the nursery stock mid or late March of plant is done surely, and 2.3~2.5m of height, pumping is new from trunk
The 1st layer 3~4, major branch are selected in the tip, with the extension that center is done, select and remain one layer of major branch every year；2nd layer 2~3, major branch, the 3rd layer
2, major branch, 70~80cm of interlamellar spacing；Branch pinching is extended to skeleton branch, inspires branch, forms more fruit-bearing shoot clusters；Winter cuts to bone
Dry branch carries out cutting back, wipes out the 1/3 of annual shoot.
9. the tridimensional high-efficient cultivation method of a kind of apocarya and Kiwi berry according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: Mi
After the field planting of monkey peach, 2-3 full leaf buds are stayed to carry out cutting bar processing, when young sprout is elongated to 30cm after rudiment, side is inserted one vertical
Bamboo pole, fixation is auxiliary to draw, and prevents from winding, lures and draw its upright growth, be trained trunk；Reach frame face or close to frame face position
When, it evens up to strong new slightly pinching or apex in the 1st major branch culture of work, the 20cm below greenhouse frame main line on greenhouse frame main line
The sublateral shoot that place is sprouted draws to opposite both direction to be tied up, and the 2nd major branch culture is made；By culture, promote to grow sturdy, axillary bud is full；
When Kiwi berry winter pruning, the full branch of robust growth bud eye female branch as a result is selected, remaining fruitful branch is removed, it is as a result female
Distance 40-50cm between branch, is distributed in major branch two sides, then to bearing basal shoot cutting back, retains 6-8 bud, and after next year rudiment,
It lures between young sprout from 20cm or so and draws in the two sides of greenhouse frame i.e. East and West direction branch as a result.
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| CN201710666689.5A CN109380043A (en) | 2017-08-07 | 2017-08-07 | A kind of tridimensional high-efficient cultivation method of apocarya and Kiwi berry |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109845571A (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2019-06-07 | 张玉清 | Make the implantation methods of Kiwi berry between a kind of cascades using Beifang tea |
| CN110476691A (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2019-11-22 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | A kind of apocarya spindle is tree-like and its shaping methods |
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| CN102870642A (en) * | 2012-10-23 | 2013-01-16 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Stereoscopic cultivation method for Chinese gooseberries and grapes |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109845571A (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2019-06-07 | 张玉清 | Make the implantation methods of Kiwi berry between a kind of cascades using Beifang tea |
| CN110476691A (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2019-11-22 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | A kind of apocarya spindle is tree-like and its shaping methods |
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