CN109983980A - A kind of T shape grape is tree-like and forming method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of T shape grape is tree-like and forming method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109983980A CN109983980A CN201910253057.5A CN201910253057A CN109983980A CN 109983980 A CN109983980 A CN 109983980A CN 201910253057 A CN201910253057 A CN 201910253057A CN 109983980 A CN109983980 A CN 109983980A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
- A01G17/023—Machines for priming and/or preliminary pruning of vines, i.e. removing shoots and/or buds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
- A01G17/026—Machines for removing leaves of vines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
It is tree-like and forming method thereof the invention discloses a kind of T shape grape, this is tree-like include a 1.7~1.8m upright trunk；Two main stems gone out from trunk top and trunk at 90~110 ° of angle direction back growths, it is whole tree-like T-shaped；There are 6 combined type fruit-bearing shoot clusters in two main stems and with main stem in bis- " king " fonts；Per pass combined type fruit-bearing shoot cluster includes two combined type fruit-bearing shoot clusters, each combined type fruit-bearing shoot cluster includes a main stem sublateral shoot, the fruit-bearing shoot cluster of generation, the fruit-bearing shoot cluster in two two generations, and each fruit-bearing shoot cluster includes a middle tip bearing basal shoot and one short tip bearing basal shoot.T shape grape of the invention is tree-like to make grape branch accomplish positioning, orientation, sizing elongation growth, and it is convenient that fruitful branch updates, and is not likely to produce baldness area, it is ensured that grape quality and yield it is relatively stable.
Description
Technical field
It is tree-like and forming method thereof the present invention relates to a kind of T shape grape.
Background technique
Grape pruning is an important sport technique segment in grape cultivation and management, it can balance the nutrient growth of tree body
And reproductive growth, improve the yield and quality of fruit.In the production of southern grape, passes the winter because being not required to bury soil, mostly use flat canopy
T-shaped, " H " type or imperial dry type in frame is tree-like, these are tree-like for single trunk, and leaf curtain is clear, setting fruit position neat and consistent, skill
Art is easy to operate, suitable for mechanization operation.Currently, winter pruning mostly use short cane pruning or in the mixing trimming of the short tip, but the short tip
It is bad or at spending unstable kind to be easy to cause yield and quality all unstable to trim, bud differentiation irregular for rudiment, often
Year, the short tip updated, and setting fruit position is unstable, was easy outer shifting, or even generation baldness area.It therefore, can only be by prolonging from elsewhere
Branch borrow is stretched, or guarantees yield with a string of branch knot 2 or more string grapes, but also reduce the quality of grape.
It is tree-like that patent CN106069558A discloses a kind of flat frame grape of low main stem T shape comprising a 1.4~1.5m
Upright trunk；On trunk top, there are two main stems oppositely extending in horizontal direction, the length summation of two main stems is 8~10 meters；
In main stem homoepitaxial bearing basal shoot, every plant of tree bearing basal shoot quantity be 60~80, each adjacent two bearing basal shoot spacing
For 10~15cm；Two main stems are point-blank and vertical with trunk, whole tree-like in T shape.The tree-like trunk of the grape
Lower than aduit height, the production behind the garden Ren Ru, which is picked and need to be bowed always when ornamental, bends over personally to go, inconvenience operation, and use is short
Tip trimming, every bearing basal shoot stay 1~2 bud, and when misoperation or bad environments is easy to lose young sprout, winter pruning Shi Wujie
Fruit mother's branch is renewable, baldness area occurs, and then influences whole branch quantity, and vintage reduces.
Therefore, there is an urgent need to a kind of stabilization result position, fruitful branches to update the convenient Portugal to be not likely to produce baldness area
Grape are tree-like and its pruning mode guarantees the output and quality of grape.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by the present invention lies in order to overcome the output and quality of grape in the prior art unstable,
It is inconvenient that fruitful branch updates, and with the aging of the age of tree, moves outside setting fruit position, is easy to produce the defect in baldness area, and provides
A kind of T shape grape is tree-like and forming method thereof.T shape grape of the present invention is tree-like to make grape branch accomplish that positioning, orientation, sizing are prolonged
Growth is stretched, combined type fruit-bearing shoot cluster is formed, it is convenient that fruitful branch updates, and is not likely to produce baldness area, while ensuring grape quality
It is relatively stable with yield.
The present invention is to solve above-mentioned technical problem by the following technical programs:
The present invention provides a kind of T shape grape is tree-like comprising:
The upright trunk of one 1.7~1.8m；Go out from trunk top and trunk at 90~110 ° of angle direction back growths
Two main stems, the overall lengths of two main stems is 4~5m；It is whole tree-like T-shaped；
There are 3 combined type fruit-bearing shoot clusters in every main stem, 6 combined type fruit-bearing shoot clusters in two main stems and main stem are in double
" king " font；
Per pass combined type fruit-bearing shoot cluster is parallel to the horizontal plane, and including two be 60~90 ° with main stem angle combined type
Fruit-bearing shoot cluster；
Each combined type fruit-bearing shoot cluster includes a main stem sublateral shoot, the fruit-bearing shoot cluster of generation, the result in two two generations
Branch group, each fruit-bearing shoot cluster include a middle tip bearing basal shoot and one short tip bearing basal shoot.
It is tree-like according to required grape in the present invention, the reasonable spacing that per pass combined type fruit-bearing shoot cluster is set.
Preferably, in every main stem adjacent twice combined type fruit-bearing shoot cluster spacing be 80~90cm, apart from trunk top it is adjacent two
The spacing of road combined type fruit-bearing shoot cluster is 50~60cm.
In the present invention, as known to those skilled in the art, according to the grape spacing in the rows of this field routine, combined type is reasonably set
The length of fruit-bearing shoot cluster；Preferably, the overall length of per pass combined type fruit-bearing shoot cluster is 2.5~3m.
As known to those skilled in the art, the main stem sublateral shoot generally refers to the branch gone out from the direct elongation growth in main stem two sides
Item；The middle tip bearing basal shoot generally refers to the branch for the winter 4~6 buds being trimmed to when cutting；The short tip bearing basal shoot is also known as " short
Tip preparation branch " generally refers to the branch that the winter is trimmed to 1~2 bud when cutting；The generation fruit-bearing shoot cluster is usually directly to grow
On main stem sublateral shoot；Described two two generations fruit-bearing shoot clusters generally refer to the two root knot fruits for being grown directly upon generation fruit-bearing shoot cluster respectively
On female branch.
It is as known to those skilled in the art, tree-like according to required T shape grape in the present invention, flat frame is reasonably set
The distance of iron wire quantity and per pass iron wire and its bondage mode with each branch in main stem and main stem；Preferably, described
T shape grape it is tree-like on main stem and main stem on each branch be strapped on 6 iron wires of flat frame respectively, the iron wire
It is with main stem horizontal vertical and close with main stem below main stem, wherein first of iron wire is at a distance from trunk horizontal vertical direction
For 25~30cm, backward one of 40~45cm；Specifically for example may be used are as follows: main stem tilts upwardly 0~20 ° and first of iron with level
Silk bondage, extend along the horizontal plane again successively with 5 iron wire bondages；3 combined type fruit-bearing shoot clusters in every main stem distinguish bondage
On the iron wire of the 1st, the 3rd and the 5th.
It, can ventilation and penetrating light and blank area when preferably first of iron wire is apart from 25~30cm of trunk.Often
Distance is 80~90cm between road combined type fruit-bearing shoot cluster, stops growing space for time annual bearing young sprout.
It is setting after T shape grape is tree-like and its vine forms shape in the present invention, it is long for spring on the fruit-bearing shoot cluster
The direction of growth, length and the number of blade trimming setting of young sprout out can be usual manner in the art；Preferably, the knot is arranged
The young sprout grown in fruit branch group is parallel with main stem, is strapped in down forward on one of iron wire when young sprout grows to 60~70cm, when new
Tip growth is mechanical more than after 70~80cm to trim repeatedly.The new-tip length may generally be 80~90cm, the blade one on young sprout
As be 16~20.The preferred technical solution young sprout direction of growth is consistent, suitable for mechanization operation.
It is as known to those skilled in the art, tree-like according to required T shape grape in the present invention, reasonable setting and trimming water
Divide group leaf curtain and result area equally；Preferably, forming horizontal grouping leaf curtain in the same level of main stem, more preferably
The horizontal grouping leaf curtain is layered on flat frame face in bar shaped level, and the horizontal grouping height of the leaf curtain away from ground be 1.7~
1.8m；It is grouped below leaf curtain at 10~20cm in the 1st, 3,5 iron wire levels and vertically forms linear type result area with main stem, tied
Fruit area is far from 1.6~1.7m of ground, as a result area neat and consistent, and fruit maturity consistency is good, and quality is more excellent；Level grouping leaf
Curtain is separated clearly with result area, is convenient for blade and fruit ear management, and pest and disease damage prevention and control are easy, and is conducive to mechanization management.
The present invention provides a kind of above-mentioned forming methods that T shape grape is tree-like comprising following steps:
(1) by level-one detoxification grape nursery stock, by seeding row spacing (2.5~3) m × (6~7) m, 30~42 density is fixed per acre
It plants；
(2) trunk and main stem are cultivated, when field planting young sprout in June current year grows to 2m after pinching at 1.8~1.9m i.e. based on
Dry, elongation growth culture is 2 main stems to 2 sublateral shoots on trunk under pinching mouth round about；
(3) cultivate combined type fruit-bearing shoot cluster, the growth of every main stem be more than after 35~40cm more than main stem length 25~
It stays 1~2 leaf pinching to inspire the growth of main stem sublateral shoot at 30cm, is surpassing respectively more than after 115~130cm and 195~220cm backward
Cross the growth for staying 1~2 leaf pinching to inspire another two pairs of main stem sublateral shoots at the 105~120cm and 185~210cm of main stem length, two
6 pairs of main stem sublateral shoots are cultivated in main stem；
6 pairs of main stem sublateral shoots retain 2~3 buds trimming female branch as a result；
Two branches close to main stem are selected after 2~3 buds grow up to branch, wherein one is stayed the short tip of 1~2 bud to repair
It is cut to short tip bearing basal shoot, another is stayed the tip in 4~6 buds to be trimmed to middle tip bearing basal shoot, is cultivated as generation fruit-bearing shoot cluster；
It is repaired on the short tip bearing basal shoot and middle tip bearing basal shoot of generation fruit-bearing shoot cluster with identical with generation fruit-bearing shoot cluster
It cuts mode and cultivates two two generation fruit-bearing shoot clusters respectively, that is, form a combined type fruit-bearing shoot cluster, the tree-like culture of T shape is completed.
In the present invention, the level-one detoxification nursery stock is routine in the art, and in general, the purity of nursery stock is greater than
98%, well developed root system, lateral root number is greater than 5, and lateral root length is greater than 20cm, and the diameter of limb is greater than 0.8cm；Bud eye is full strong
It is strong；Grafting stock height is 10~15cm, and graft union heals completely；Nursery stock has no mechanical damage, no disease and pests harm.
In the present invention, as known to those skilled in the art, formed according to required grape is tree-like with combined type fruit-bearing shoot cluster
" king " font, the reasonable trim mode for selecting this field routine.In general, the sublateral shoot being colonized on current year trunk is equal
Stay a leaf pinching and without offspring, the sublateral shoot all removings when the winter cuts；
Preferably, the main stem sublateral shoot stays 4~6 leaf repeated topping after growing to 60~70cm, to promote main stem sublateral shoot branch
Item is mature；
Preferably, the main stem sublateral shoot is completed in First Year winter pruning, the generation fruit-bearing shoot cluster is in second year
Winter pruning is completed, and the two generation fruit-bearing shoot clusters are completed in the winter pruning of third year；It has been trimmed preferably, T shape grape is tree-like
Cheng Hou, does not stay bud on the generation fruit-bearing shoot cluster, and the bud amount of staying on one plant of T shape vine on the two generation fruit-bearing shoot clusters is
140~190,0.07 hectare always stays bud amount 4480~5600.
Specifically trim mode is preferably as follows:
In the present invention, as known to those skilled in the art, while cultivating 6 pairs of main stem sublateral shoots, if can be grown in main stem
The dry root main stem side tip；
The First Year main stem side tip is preferably all retained as interim findings mother's branch；The main stem side tip of 50~60cm or more stays
4~6 leaf repeated topping, the 40cm tip not pinching in main stem side below；
It is colonized 8~September of current year, the main stem side tip is cleared up, wiping out main stem back influences the side tip of main stem growth, weight
Point retains and culture main stem sublateral shoot；
It is colonized the winter of current year, preferably, retaining 2~3 bud trimmings to main stem sublateral shoot and the main stem side tip；Single plant stays bud
Amount is 50~60, and it is 1800~2400 that 0.07 hectare, which stays bud amount,.Because increment is few when First Year is grown, shoot maturation degree is not
It is enough, retain the trim mode of 2~3 buds, is conducive to guarantee germination rate.
Preferably, second year after grape harvesting, removes on the interim findings mother's branch for influencing the growth of combined type fruit-bearing shoot cluster
Young sprout, for culture combined type fruit-bearing shoot cluster on branch reserve frame face.
Preferably, interim findings mother branch all removes when the next winter is trimmed, only retaining can be cultivated as combined type result
The branch of branch group；Second year single plant yield is 12.5~15kg, and per mu yield is 450~600kg.
In the present invention, high yield trimming management is carried out after generally entering third year, the high yield trimming management is this field
Interior routine, preferably, the quantity of every plant of young sprout is 100~120, average fruit branch ratio is 1.5:1.
Timely bud picking is wanted to determine the tip after rudiment, short tip bearing basal shoot retains 1~2 young sprout, and middle tip bearing basal shoot selects and remain 3~4
The young sprout of a stalwartness stays 1 inflorescence on each young sprout, and especially thin and delicate does not stay inflorescence；It, can water when young sprout grows to 60~70cm
Flat to be strapped in forward on frame face, young sprout is wanted mechanical and is trimmed repeatedly when extending to 70~80cm；Basidixed sublateral shoot on young sprout stays 2 leaves anti-
Multiple pinching, remaining sublateral shoot stay the pinching without offspring of 1 leaf.
In the present invention, T shape grape is tree-like to be cultivated in greenhouse according to this field usual manner, canopy is wide, cropping pattern with
And planting groove is in the art conventional；Preferably, greenhouse width is 6~8m, canopy plants one, can be convenient small-sized machine into
Enter orchard, carries out laborsaving cultivation；Using ridging formula cropping pattern, 1.8~2m of groove width, deep 60~80cm are planted in setting, wherein
30~40cm is dug in face down, ground 30~40cm of ridging, the slot bracket groove of a 12cm width is dug in planting groove again, in institute's slot bracket groove
It is interior to be laid with the soakaway trench that a diameter is 11cm.
In the present invention, the time and annual output that the tree-like culture of the T shape grape is completed are routine in the art, preferably
Ground, the time that the tree-like culture of T shape grape is completed is 3 years, and starting annual per mu yield third year is 1200~1500kg.
On the basis of common knowledge of the art, above-mentioned each optimum condition, can any combination to get each preferable reality of the present invention
Example.
The reagents and materials used in the present invention are commercially available.
The positive effect of the present invention is that:
(1) high trunk, wider seeding row spacing, be it is a kind of facilitate mechanical entrance suitable for the new tree-like of wide row thin planting orchard,
The all usable machinery of the soil management overwhelming majority, while trunk height and people maintain an equal level, and facilitate trimming and watch.
(2) using shaping culture combined type fruit-bearing shoot cluster is grouped, there is the middle tip in 2 two generations on each combined type fruit-bearing shoot cluster
The short tip bearing basal shoot of bearing basal shoot and 2 two generations is new on the short tip bearing basal shoot when there is misoperation or diastrous weather
If the tip loses, it can continue to cultivate there are also more bearing basal shoots, it is convenient that bearing basal shoot updates, and stabilizes setting fruit position, avoids tying
Baldness area is moved or generated outside fruit position, ensure that the yield and quality of grape, third year starts backward annual percent rate of high quality fruit can
Up to 90% or more.Meanwhile the young sprout direction of growth is fixed, binding machineryization is easy to operate, allow grape branch accomplish positioning,
It orients, sizing elongation growth, grape trellis face is beautiful, is conducive to mechanized operation and watches.
(3) the tree-like vinyl house that both can be applied to the north of T shape grape of the invention, greenhouse, can also be applied to southern
Open country, rain shelter cultivation, the application in Ecological sightseeing garden preferably.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram that T shape grape is tree-like in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic enlarged-scale view of a combined type fruit-bearing shoot cluster in the present invention.
Description of symbols:
Trunk 1, main stem 21 and 22, one of combined type fruit-bearing shoot cluster 3, main stem sublateral shoot 31, the short tip bearing basal shoot 32 of a generation, one
Tip bearing basal shoot 33 in generation, two generations short tip bearing basal shoot 34,36, tip bearing basal shoot 35,37 in two generations.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below by the mode of embodiment, but does not therefore limit the present invention to the reality
It applies among a range.Those of ordinary skill in the art according to these embodiments made by function, method or structure etc.
Effect transformation or substitution, all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention within.In the following examples, the experimental methods for specific conditions are not specified,
According to conventional methods and conditions, or according to product manual it selects.
Embodiment 1
Choose the growing way golden mean of the Confucian school but at higher American-European kind of the sunlight rose grape of flower section, under the cultivation of the flat frame of facility into
The tree-like trimming of row T shape grape.
1, the present embodiment provides a kind of T shape grape of sunlight rose grape is tree-like, the upright trunk 1 including a 1.8m,
Two main stems 21,22 gone out from trunk top and trunk at 100 ° of angle direction back growths, the length of two main stems 21,22 are total
Be 5 meters, full tree shape is at T-shaped；Respectively there are 3 combined type fruit-bearing shoot clusters 3 in main stem 21 and 22,6 in two main stems are compound
Formula fruit-bearing shoot cluster 3 and " king " font in pairs of main stem 21 and 22；The spacing of adjacent twice combined type fruit-bearing shoot cluster is in every main stem
80cm, the spacing of the twice combined type fruit-bearing shoot cluster adjacent apart from trunk top are 60cm, per pass combined type fruit-bearing shoot cluster it is total
A length of 2.5m, per pass combined type fruit-bearing shoot cluster are parallel to the horizontal plane, and including two be 80 ° with main stem angle combined type result
Branch group；Each combined type fruit-bearing shoot cluster includes in the short tip bearing basal shoot 32 of 31, generation of a main stem sublateral shoot and a generation
Tip bearing basal shoot 35,37 in 33,2 two generations of tip bearing basal shoot in short 34,36 and 2 two generations of tip bearing basal shoot, the short tip of every generation
Bearing basal shoot and middle tip bearing basal shoot form one group of fruit-bearing shoot cluster.The young sprout grown on fruit-bearing shoot cluster is parallel with main stem, works as young sprout
It is strapped in down forward on one of iron wire when growing to 60cm, it is mechanical after young sprout is grown more than 80cm to trim repeatedly；The length of young sprout
Generally 80cm, the basidixed sublateral shoot on young sprout stay 2 leaf repeated topping, remaining sublateral shoot stays the pinching without offspring of 1 leaf.Blade on young sprout is
18.The direction of growth of young sprout is consistent, suitable for mechanization trimming.Middle tip bearing basal shoot refers to the branch that 5 buds are trimmed to when the winter cuts
Item；Short tip bearing basal shoot is also known as " short tip preparation branch ", refers to the branch that 2 buds are trimmed to when the winter cuts；Meanwhile generation fruit-bearing shoot cluster is straight
It connects and is grown on main stem sublateral shoot；Two two generation fruit-bearing shoot clusters are grown directly upon two bearing basal shoots of generation fruit-bearing shoot cluster respectively
On.
In the present embodiment, each branch in main stem and main stem is strapped in respectively on 6 iron wires of flat frame, first of iron
Silk is 30cm with trunk horizontal vertical direction at a distance from, and together, specifically, main stem is with level inclination and the upwardly by 40cm backward
One of iron wire bondage, extend along the horizontal plane again successively with 5 iron wire bondages；3 combined type fruitful branch components in every main stem
It is not strapped on the iron wire of the 1st, the 3rd and the 5th, first of iron wire, can ventilation and penetrating light and sky apart from trunk 30cm
White area, distance is 80cm between per pass combined type fruit-bearing shoot cluster, stops growing space for time annual bearing young sprout.
Meanwhile horizontal grouping leaf curtain is formed on the flat frame of the same level with main stem, and be layered in bar shaped level
On flat frame face, the height away from ground is 1.8m；It is grouped below leaf curtain in the 1st, 3,5 iron wire levels vertical with main stem at 20cm
Linear type result area is formed, as a result area is far from ground 1.6m, as a result area neat and consistent, and fruit maturity consistency is good, product
Matter is more excellent；Level grouping leaf curtain is separated clearly with result area, is convenient for blade and fruit ear management, and pest and disease damage prevention and control are easy, are conducive to
Mechanization management.
T shape grape provided in this embodiment is tree-like conventional tree-like compared to other, is repaired using the short tip with the middle tip in trimming
The method of combining is cut, culture can fix the combined type fruit-bearing shoot cluster of setting fruit position, preferably stabilize grape result position, per pass
Fruit-bearing shoot cluster has 8 bearing basal shoots for staying bud, stays the more young sprout choices of bud amount big, misoperation or diastrous weather occurs
When, if the young sprout on short tip bearing basal shoot loses, it can continue to cultivate there are also more bearing basal shoots, fruitful branch update is conveniently not easy
Generate baldness area；Also it solves the equilibrium assignment of nutrient, can also reserve the different knot of multiple length according to tree at a distance from tree
Fruit branch group, such mode are suitable for all grape varieties.For example, some grape variety rudiments are irregular, it is not easy into flower (such as
Red Luo Sha, Bai Luosha etc.), the T shape grape containing combined type fruit-bearing shoot cluster being trimmed in the present embodiment is tree-like to be realized
Stable yields year after year.Meanwhile facilitating staff and tourist to enter garden ginsent and seeing, pick, convenient for mechanically actuated, save labour.
2, the present embodiment additionally provides the tree-like forming method of T shape grape of the kind, comprising the following steps:
(1) level-one detoxification grape nursery stock is selected, the purity of nursery stock is greater than 98.6%, and well developed root system, lateral root number is 6,
Lateral root length is 23cm, and the diameter of limb is 0.95cm；The full stalwartness of bud eye；Grafting stock height is 12cm, and graft union is complete
Full healing；Nursery stock has no mechanical damage, no disease and pests harm；By seeding row spacing 2.5m × 7m per acre 36 plants density wide row field planting；
(2) trunk and main stem are cultivated, a healthy and strong young sprout vertical growth is retained after rudiment, is colonized new-tip length in June current year
It is trunk after pinching at 1.8m when reaching 2m, remaining sublateral shoot stays a leaf pinching and without offspring to increase photosynthetic work on trunk
With sublateral shoot all removes when the winter cuts；2 terminal bud sublateral shoot continued growths below pinching mouth, to the opposite of horizontal 10 ° of inclination upwardly
Direction elongation growth culture is 2 main stems；After fall foliage, trimmed according to the maturity of the increment of current year and branch,
The diameter of two main stem maturation tips will be wiped out in 0.8cm or more, main stem tip of the diameter lower than 0.8cm and form flat mouth；
(3) combined type fruit-bearing shoot cluster is cultivated to stay at the 30cm for being more than main stem length after every main stem growth is more than 40cm
2 leaf pinching inspire the growth of main stem sublateral shoot, backward respectively more than 110cm and 190cm be more than main stem length 100cm and
It stays 2 leaf pinching to inspire the growth of another two pairs of main stem sublateral shoots at 180cm, cultivates 6 pairs of main stem sublateral shoots in two main stems.
Main stem sublateral shoot stays 5 leaf repeated topping after growing to 65cm, to promote main stem sublateral shoot shoot maturation；First Year winter, 6
Retaining the trimming of 3 buds to main stem sublateral shoot, female branch, the next winter select after this 3 buds grow up to branch close to main as a result
Two climing branches, wherein it is short tip bearing basal shoot that one, which is stayed 2 bud short cane prunings, another is stayed 5 buds to be trimmed to middle tip result mother
Branch, extra branch remove, that is, have been trained the fruit-bearing shoot cluster of a generation；Winter in third year, in the short tip knot of generation fruit-bearing shoot cluster
2 two generation fruit-bearing shoot clusters are cultivated respectively with trim mode identical with generation fruit-bearing shoot cluster on fruit mother branch and middle tip bearing basal shoot,
A combined type fruit-bearing shoot cluster is formd, the tree-like culture of T shape is completed, after the completion of the tree-like trimming of T shape grape, in generation fruitful branch
Bud is not stayed in group, the bud amount of staying on every plant of vine on two generation fruit-bearing shoot clusters is 140~180, and 0.07 hectare always stays bud amount
4480~5400.
In the present embodiment, the First Year main stem side tip is all left interim findings mother's branch, the main stem side of 50~60cm or more
The tip stays 5 leaf repeated topping, the 40cm tip not pinching in main stem side below；It is colonized 8~September of current year, the main stem side tip is cleared up,
Wiping out main stem back influences the side tip of main stem growth, and emphasis retains and culture main stem sublateral shoot；It is colonized the winter of current year, main stem sublateral shoot
And the diameter of the main stem side tip retains the trimming of 2~3 buds in 0.6cm or more, the main stem side tip of the diameter less than 0.6cm is from base portion
It wipes out；It is 50~60 that single plant, which stays bud amount, and it is 1800~2400 that 0.07 hectare, which stays bud amount, because increment is few when First Year is grown,
Shoot maturation degree is inadequate, retains the trim mode of 2~3 buds, is conducive to guarantee germination rate.
It is colonized second year, after rudiment, all sprout tillers erased on trunk first keep trunk baldness；Main stem sublateral shoot (the 1st,
3, on 5 iron wires) on the young sprout that grows determine the tip apart from bud picking according to 10~15cm, and keep young sprout flat tie forward；Interim knot
The young sprout grown on fruit mother's branch rationally stays the tip according to frame face, is strapped on first of iron wire when young sprout grows to 70cm, and inflorescence is taken out
The timely whole inflorescence of flower thinning sequence is wanted after out, and 1 medium inflorescence is selected and remain on each young sprout and retains 3~5cm of lower part, remaining is removed；Until
1 week or so before blooming, stay 3~5 leaves pinching above inflorescence, and be strapped on frame face horizontally forward.Allowed after bearing fruit young sprout after
Continuous to grow, the basidixed sublateral shoot on young sprout stays 2 leaf repeated topping, remaining sublateral shoot stays the pinching without offspring of 1 leaf, when young sprout extends to 80cm
Mechanical trimming repeatedly.The young sprout of non-result does not need to spend preceding pinching, and mechanical trimming, sublateral shoot stay 1~2 repeatedly again after growing to 80cm
Piece leaf.Second year removes the young sprout on the interim findings mother's branch for influencing the growth of combined type fruit-bearing shoot cluster after grape harvesting, for training
The branch supported on combined type fruit-bearing shoot cluster reserves frame face；Interim findings mother branch all removes when the next winter is trimmed, and only retains
It can cultivate as the branch of combined type fruit-bearing shoot cluster；Second year single plant yield is 12.5~15kg, and per mu yield is 450~550kg.
Third year, trim mode was high yield trimming management when cultivating two generation fruit-bearing shoot clusters, and the quantity of every plant of young sprout is 120
A, average fruit branch ratio is 1.5:1；Timely bud picking is wanted to determine the tip after rudiment, short tip bearing basal shoot retains 1~2 young sprout, middle tip result
Female branch selects and remain 3~4 healthy and strong young sprouts, and 1 inflorescence is stayed on each young sprout, and especially thin and delicate does not stay inflorescence；It is grown to young sprout
It when 60cm, can be strapped in horizontally forward on frame face, mechanical trimming repeatedly when young sprout extends to 80cm；Basidixed sublateral shoot stays 2 leaves repeatedly
Pinching, remaining sublateral shoot stay the pinching without offspring of 1 leaf.
In the present embodiment, greenhouse width is 7m, and a canopy plants one, can be convenient small-sized machine and enters orchard, cultivation saves
Power；Using ridging formula cropping pattern, setting plantation groove width 2m plants groove depth 80cm, wherein 40cm, ground ridging are dug in ground down
40cm digs the slot bracket groove of a 12cm width in planting groove again, and the soakaway trench that a diameter is 11cm is laid in institute's slot bracket groove.
3 years T shape grapes of sunlight rose grape are tree-like in the facility of District of Shanghai basically forms, and third year starts annual mu
Yield is 1250~1450kg, and percent rate of high quality fruit is 92~95%, and the later time normally trims management all can be by " high yield tree-pruning pipe
Reason " carries out.
Embodiment 2-4
It is black to the summer, huge in bases such as Shanghai julid grape park, julid grape research institute, julid grape development corporation, Ltd.s
Multiple kinds such as peak, sweet light are tested, and selection, plantation and the annual trim mode of nursery stock are the same as embodiment 1.
Wherein the per mu yield of the summer of embodiment 2 black second year is 500~600kg, and starting annual per mu yield in third year is
1200~1350kg, percent rate of high quality fruit are 92~95%；
The per mu yield of the huge peak second year of embodiment 3 is 550~600kg, and starting annual per mu yield third year is 1400
~1500kg, percent rate of high quality fruit are 92~95%；
The per mu yield of the sweet light second year of embodiment 4 is 450~550kg, and starting annual per mu yield third year is 1200
~1400kg, percent rate of high quality fruit are 92~95%.
Above-mentioned experimental data shows that the tree-like advantage of the present invention is to be grouped shaping, and stabilization result position avoids result portion
Position is outer to move or generates empty bald area, suitable result height, the mechanization that is also more suitable trimming and picking of going sightseeing.
Comparative example 1
The selection of nursery stock and the trimming of trunk are arranged from trunk top and trunk with embodiment 1 into 100 ° of angle directions
Back growth goes out two main stems, when every main stem grows to 50cm, continues to turn out 2 lateral bines, two sides in main stem tip
Climing angle is 90~120 °, overlooks entire main stem and lateral bine in X-shaped；Short tip mixing trimming in being used on third year every lateral bine
3~4 fruit-bearing shoot clusters of mode culture, fruit-bearing shoot cluster is evenly distributed in lateral bine two sides.
The tree-like growing way is slow, and second year fruit-bearing shoot cluster does not cultivate forming also, without yield or seldom yield, general 3-
Tree-like culture in 4 years is completed；And the culture of X-shaped main stem is complicated, the leaf curtain of generation and result area are unintelligible, are unfavorable for mechanized operation
And flower and fruit management, the per mu yield in third year are 1000~1200kg, enter high yield model every year backward, annual per mu yield is
1000~1500kg, percent rate of high quality fruit are 85~90%；.If in the tree-like upper culture combined type fruit-bearing shoot cluster, when needing longer
Between, and cut operation backward is more many and diverse, needs a large amount of labour.
Comparative example 2
With embodiment 1, the bearing basal shoot grown in main stem is all made of short for the culture of the selection of nursery stock, trunk and main stem
Tip trimming, the trim mode of young sprout are not fixed bearing basal shoot, forming is fast, and trimming is convenient, manager in the age of tree 5 years with embodiment 1
Just.5 years or more the age of trees are moved outside setting fruit position, such as misoperation or when there is bad weather damage branch, and no bearing basal shoot can be more
New replacement, leads to setting fruit position baldness.In 3rd~5 year annual per mu yield be 1000~1500kg, percent rate of high quality fruit 90% with
On, due to shifting or baldness outside setting fruit position after 5 years, vintage and percent rate of high quality fruit is caused to decline, annual per mu yield is 1000
~1200kg, percent rate of high quality fruit are reduced to 80~90%.
Comparative example 3
The culture of the selection of nursery stock, trunk and main stem with embodiment 1, the length of every main stem it is long to 1m when, two
The tip of root main stem is further cultured for out 4 lateral bines, and entire main stem and lateral bine are H-shaped, and cultivation results mother branch is all made of short on lateral bine
The mode of tip trimming is easy to appear outside setting fruit position and moves or the case where baldness.In 3rd~5 year annual per mu yield be 1000~
1500kg, percent rate of high quality fruit, due to shifting or baldness outside setting fruit position, cause under vintage and percent rate of high quality fruit after 90% or more, 5 year
Drop, annual per mu yield are 1000~1200kg, and percent rate of high quality fruit is reduced to 80~90%.
The series of detailed descriptions listed above only for feasible embodiment of the invention specifically
Protection scope bright, that they are not intended to limit the invention, it is all without departing from equivalent implementations made by technical spirit of the present invention
Or change should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, Er Qie
In the case where without departing substantially from spirit or essential attributes of the invention, the present invention can be realized in other specific forms.Therefore, no matter
From the point of view of which point, the present embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is by appended power
Benefit requires rather than above description limits, it is intended that all by what is fallen within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims
Variation is included within the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of T shape grape is tree-like, which is characterized in that it includes the upright trunk of a 1.7~1.8m；From trunk top and master
Two main stems that 90~110 ° of angle direction back growths go out are done into, the overall length of two main stems is 4~5m, whole tree-like T-shaped；
There are 3 combined type fruit-bearing shoot clusters in every main stem, 6 combined type fruit-bearing shoot clusters in two main stems and main stem are in bis- " kings "
Font；
Per pass combined type fruit-bearing shoot cluster is parallel to the horizontal plane, and including two be 60~90 ° with main stem angle combined type result
Branch group；
Each combined type fruit-bearing shoot cluster includes a main stem sublateral shoot, the fruit-bearing shoot cluster of generation, the fruit-bearing shoot cluster in two two generations,
Each fruit-bearing shoot cluster includes a middle tip bearing basal shoot and one short tip bearing basal shoot.
2. T shape grape as described in claim 1 is tree-like, which is characterized in that adjacent twice combined type in the every main stem
The spacing of fruit-bearing shoot cluster is 80~90cm, the spacing of the twice combined type fruit-bearing shoot cluster adjacent apart from trunk top is 50~
60cm；Preferably, the overall length of the per pass combined type fruit-bearing shoot cluster is 2.5~3m.
3. T shape grape as described in claim 1 is tree-like, which is characterized in that every main stem on the T shape grape is tree-like with
And each branch in every main stem is strapped in respectively on 6 iron wires of flat frame；
Preferably, the iron wire is with main stem horizontal vertical and close with main stem below main stem；More preferably, in the iron wire
First of iron wire is 25~30cm at a distance from trunk horizontal vertical direction, backward one of 40~45cm；
And/or preferably, the main stem is extended along the horizontal plane with level 0~20 ° of inclination and first of iron wire bondage upwardly
Again successively with 5 iron wire bondages；More preferably, 3 combined type fruit-bearing shoot clusters in every main stem are strapped in the 1st, the 3rd and respectively
On 5 iron wires.
4. T shape grape as described in claim 1 is tree-like, which is characterized in that the young sprout and main stem grown on the fruit-bearing shoot cluster
In parallel；Preferably, being strapped in down forward on one of iron wire when the young sprout grows to 60~70cm, when the new-tip length is super
Machinery is trimmed repeatedly when crossing 70~80cm；More preferably, the number of blade of the young sprout is 16~20.
5. T shape grape as claimed in claim 4 is tree-like, which is characterized in that form horizontal point in the same level of main stem
Group leaf curtain, preferably, the horizontal grouping leaf curtain is layered on flat frame face in bar shaped level；More preferably, the level point
Group height of the leaf curtain away from ground is 1.7~1.8m；
It is grouped below leaf curtain at 10~20cm in level and vertically forms linear type result area with main stem；Preferably, the result
Area is far from 1.6~1.7m of ground.
6. a kind of forming method that T shape grape as described in any one in claim 1-5 is tree-like, which is characterized in that including following
Step:
(1) by level-one detoxification grape nursery stock, by seeding row spacing (2.5~3) m × (6~7) m, per acre 30~42 density field planting；
(2) trunk and main stem are cultivated, field planting young sprout in June current year is trunk after pinching at 1.8~1.9m when growing to 2m, main
Elongation growth culture is 2 main stems to 2 sublateral shoots under dry upper pinching mouth round about；
(3) combined type fruit-bearing shoot cluster is cultivated, the growth of every main stem is more than after 35~40cm in 25~30cm more than main stem length
Place stays 1~2 leaf pinching to inspire the growth of main stem sublateral shoot, backward respectively more than being more than master after 115~130cm and 195~220cm
1~2 leaf pinching is stayed to inspire the growth of another two pairs of main stem sublateral shoots, two main stems at the 105~120cm and 185~210cm of climing length
6 pairs of main stem sublateral shoots of upper culture；
6 pairs of main stem sublateral shoots retain 2~3 buds trimming female branch as a result；
Two branches close to main stem are selected after 2~3 buds grow up to branch, wherein one is stayed 1~2 bud short cane pruning to be
Short tip bearing basal shoot, another is stayed the tip in 4~6 buds to be trimmed to middle tip bearing basal shoot, is cultivated as generation fruit-bearing shoot cluster；
With trimming side identical with generation fruit-bearing shoot cluster on the short tip bearing basal shoot and middle tip bearing basal shoot of generation fruit-bearing shoot cluster
Formula cultivates two two generation fruit-bearing shoot clusters respectively, that is, forms a combined type fruit-bearing shoot cluster, and the tree-like culture of T shape is completed.
7. the tree-like forming method of T shape grape as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that on the field planting current year trunk
Sublateral shoot stays a leaf pinching and without offspring；Preferably, the sublateral shoot all removes when the winter cuts；
The main stem sublateral shoot stays 4~6 leaf repeated topping after growing to 60~70cm；Preferably, the main stem sublateral shoot is first
Year winter pruning is completed；
The generation fruit-bearing shoot cluster is trimmed in the next winter and is completed, and the two generation fruit-bearing shoot clusters are in the winter pruning of third year
It completes；
Preferably, not staying bud, one plant of T shape Portugal on the generation fruit-bearing shoot cluster after the completion of the tree-like trimming of T shape grape
Bud amount of staying on the upper two generation fruit-bearing shoot clusters of grape tree is 140~190, and the bud amount of always staying of 0.07 hectare is 4480~5600
It is a.
8. the tree-like forming method of T shape grape as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that in the same of 6 pairs of main stem sublateral shoots of culture
When, several main stem side tips are grown in main stem；
The First Year main stem side tip is all retained as interim findings mother's branch, and the main stem side tip of 50~60cm or more stays 4~6 leaves repeatedly
Pinching, the 40cm tip not pinching in main stem side below；It is colonized 8~September of current year, wiping out main stem back influences the main stem of main stem growth
The side tip；It is colonized winter current year, 2~3 bud trimmings are retained to main stem sublateral shoot and the main stem side tip；It is 50~60 that single plant, which stays bud amount,
A, it is 1800~2400 that 0.07 hectare, which stays bud amount,；
Second year removes the young sprout on the interim findings mother's branch for influencing the growth of combined type fruit-bearing shoot cluster after grape harvesting；
Interim findings mother branch all removes when the next winter is trimmed, and second year single plant yield is 12.5~15kg, and per mu yield is
450~600kg；
Carry out high yield trimming management third year.
9. the tree-like forming method of T shape grape as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that the T shape grape is tree-like big
It is planted in canopy, the greenhouse width is 6~8m；
Preferably, ridging formula cropping pattern is used in the greenhouse, setting plantation 1.8~2m of groove width, deep 60~80cm, wherein
30~40cm, ground 30~40cm of ridging are dug in ground down；More preferably, the slot bracket groove of a 12cm width is dug in planting groove again,
The soakaway trench that a diameter is 11cm is preferably laid in the slot bracket groove.
10. the tree-like forming method of T shape grape as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that the tree-like culture of T shape grape
The time of completion is 3 years.
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