CN112262702A - Planting and shaping method for double-stem four-main-branch citrus shed frame cultivation - Google Patents
Planting and shaping method for double-stem four-main-branch citrus shed frame cultivation Download PDFInfo
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- 235000020971 citrus fruits Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 241000207199 Citrus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 4
- PRPINYUDVPFIRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthaleneacetic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PRPINYUDVPFIRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930191978 Gibberellin Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N gibberellic acid GA3 Natural products OC(=O)C1C2(C3)CC(=C)C3(O)CCC2C2(C=CC3O)C1C3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003448 gibberellin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 23
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 241001672694 Citrus reticulata Species 0.000 description 6
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241001523486 Poncirus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001093501 Rutaceae Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000005976 Citrus sinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000002319 Citrus sinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001522083 Citrus trifoliata Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000000560 Citrus x paradisi Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000000404 Poncirus trifoliata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000006909 Tilia x europaea Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009105 vegetative growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a field planting and shaping method for double-trunk four-main-branch citrus shed frame cultivation, which comprises the following steps: s1, selecting land; s2, building a garden: s2.1, planting the upright posts in the garden; s2.2, drawing an iron wire on the upright posts to build a shed frame; s3, planting: digging planting furrows with the width and the depth of about 50cm at each column, filling 30cm of decomposed manure into the planting furrows, returning 20cm of surface soil, and fully and uniformly mixing the manure with the surface soil; planting in March, selecting annual bag seedlings, planting at a spacing of 1m, and planting 272 seedlings every 667m 2; after planting, thoroughly watering root fixing water; s4, tree body cultivation and shaping. The method for cultivating the citrus has the advantages that the citrus fruits are early, the citrus fruits enter the full-production period quickly, and the yield is high; branches and leaves are tiled, so that a closed space in the tree chamber is not formed, the fruits can uniformly receive light, and daily management such as pesticide spraying and picking is facilitated; greatly reduces the occurrence of sunscald of the fruits and improves the quality of the fruits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, in particular to a field planting and shaping method for double-stem four-main-branch citrus shed frame cultivation.
Background
Citrus (Citrus reticulata Blanco) genus Rutaceae genus plant of the genus Citrus. The nature likes warm and humid climate, and the cold resistance is slightly stronger than that of pomelo, lime and sweet orange. The Citrus subfamily of Rutaceae is distributed between 16-37 ° north latitude. Is a tropical and subtropical evergreen fruit tree (except for trifoliate orange), and is used for economic cultivation of 3 genera: poncirus, Citrus, and Poncirus. Citrus grown in china and other countries of the world is predominantly of the genus citrus.
Citrus fruit growth, flowering and fruiting are closely related to temperature, sunlight, moisture (humidity), soil and environmental conditions such as wind, altitude, terrain and slope, which affect the maximum number temperature.
High temperature not only can influence the growth of the fruit of oranges and tangerines and root system, and simultaneously, too long sunshine still can lead to the oranges and tangerines fruit to produce the sunscald, influences the output of oranges and tangerines, and simultaneously, the peel color and luster of oranges and tangerines still can seriously influence the sale of oranges and tangerines, influences the economic benefits of fruit growers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a field planting and shaping method for double-stem four-main-branch citrus shed frame cultivation, which aims to solve the technical problems in the background technology.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a field planting and shaping method for double-stem four-main-branch citrus shed frame cultivation comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting land: in the area suitable for citrus cultivation, a flat ground or a hilly ground with the underground water level below 0.8m, thick soil layer and convenient irrigation and drainage is selected as a garden;
s2, building a garden:
s2.1, planting upright columns in the garden in the step S1, wherein the height of the upright columns is about 2.5m, the planting density is that one upright column is planted every 4m in the longitudinal direction, and one upright column is planted every 2.45m in the transverse direction, and the upright columns are planted 50cm deep underground;
s2.2, pulling iron wires on the upright posts to construct a shed frame, firstly, pulling a transverse wire on the top end of each row of upright posts transversely by using the iron wires, then pulling a first longitudinal wire on the top end of each row of upright posts longitudinally by using the iron wires, pulling 6 second longitudinal wires between every two adjacent first longitudinal wires at equal intervals by using the iron wires, and then pulling a third longitudinal wire at a position 25-35 cm below the first longitudinal wires by using the iron wires; wherein, the first second longitudinal line on the left and right sides of the first longitudinal line is a middle longitudinal one, the second longitudinal line is a middle longitudinal two, and the third second longitudinal line is a middle longitudinal three;
s3, planting:
digging planting furrows with the width and the depth of about 50cm at each column, filling 30cm of decomposed manure into the planting furrows, returning 20cm of surface soil, and fully and uniformly mixing the manure with the surface soil;
planting in March, selecting annual bag seedlings, planting at a spacing of 1m, and planting 272 seedlings every 667m 2; after planting, thoroughly watering root fixing water;
s4, tree body cultivation and shaping:
s4.1, after field planting, reserving two branches within 20cm above a grafting opening, culturing the branches into two trunks, and respectively binding and fixing the two trunks with aluminum wires with the diameter of 1.5-2.0mm at an interval of 50cm on a third longitudinal line when the heights of the two trunks reach the height of the third longitudinal line; after the two trunks are fixed, the trunks are cut at the position 3-5cm above the fixed point to promote the lateral buds to sprout;
s4.2, after side buds on the main trunks at the upper ends of the third longitudinal lines germinate, selecting 6 branch tips with better growth vigor at the upper ends of the main trunks for culturing, and removing redundant branch tips; dividing 6 branch tips selected and remained on the two trunks into two groups respectively, wherein each group comprises 3 branch tips, each two groups of branch tips are respectively pulled to the left and right opposite directions by taking a third longitudinal line as a boundary, and are respectively fixed on one of the middle longitudes at the left and right sides of the first longitudinal line by using aluminum wires; when the fixing is carried out, in each group of branch tips, the branch tips positioned in the middle are required to be straightened, and the other two branch tips are respectively pulled to two sides of the middle branch tip and fixed with the middle vertical shaft by using an aluminum wire at a position 16-17cm away from the middle branch tip; after the branch tips are fixed, cutting the branch tips at a position which exceeds the middle longitudinal position by 3-5cm so as to promote the lateral buds to germinate; in each group of branch tips, the branch tip positioned in the middle is taken as a main branch, 2 branch tips positioned on two sides of the middle branch tip form a result branch group at the position after sprouting new buds, and the branch group does not continue to extend;
s4.3, after the lateral buds at the top ends of the main branches germinate, selecting 5 strongly growing branch tips at the top end of each main branch for culturing, wherein 2 branch tips are pulled to the first longitudinal line and fixed with the first longitudinal line by an aluminum wire, and cutting off the 2 branch tips at the positions 3-5cm beyond the first longitudinal line to promote the branch tips to germinate new buds and form a result branch group; the other 3 branch tips at the top end of the main branch are pulled to the middle longitudinal two on the corresponding side and are fixed with the middle longitudinal two by aluminum wires, when the main branch is fixed, the branch tips in the middle are required to be straightened and straightened, and the other two branch tips are respectively pulled to the two sides of the middle branch tip and are fixed with the middle longitudinal two by the aluminum wires at the position 16-17cm away from the middle branch tip; after the branch tips are fixed, cutting the branch tips at the position which exceeds the middle longitudinal two 3-5cm to promote the lateral buds to germinate; among the 3 branch tips positioned on the middle longitudinal two, the branch tip positioned in the middle is taken as a new main branch, and the 2 branch tips positioned on the two sides of the middle branch tip form a result branch group after sprouting new buds, so that the branch group does not continue to extend;
s4.4, after the lateral buds at the top ends of the new main branches germinate, selecting 3 strongly-grown branch tips at the top end of each new main branch for culturing, pulling the 3 branch tips to the middle longitudinal three on the corresponding side, fixing the branch tips with the middle longitudinal three by using an aluminum wire, straightening and straightening the branch tips positioned in the middle when fixing, respectively pulling the other two branch tips to two sides of the middle branch tip, and fixing the other two branch tips with the middle longitudinal three by using the aluminum wire at a position 16-17cm away from the middle branch tip; after the branch tips are fixed, cutting the branch tips at the position which exceeds three 3-5cm of the middle longitudinal direction so as to promote the lateral buds at the position to germinate; the 3 branch tips on the third longitudinal side do not extend after germination, and only the branch tips are cultured to form a fruiting branch group.
Further, when shaping, when young shoots germinate, timely doing pest control, applying 50-100g urea to each plant according to tree vigor, and spraying 30-50mg/L Gibberellin (GA)3) +20-40mg/L alpha-naphthylacetic acid (NAA) + 0.3-0.5% urea + 0.3-0.5% monopotassium phosphate to promote the growth of young shoots.
Furthermore, after field planting, with the growth of the tree body, if the branch tips on the shed frame are too dense and closed, one main branch on each trunk of each plant can be cut off according to the situation, and the two cut main branches need to be located on the left side and the right side of the third longitudinal line respectively.
Furthermore, after the field planting, with the growth of the tree body, if the branch tips on the shed frame are too dense and close, the spacing cutting can be carried out on the dense plants according to the situation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the fruit is early, the full-bearing period is fast, and the yield is high; branches and leaves are tiled, so that a closed space in the tree chamber is not formed, the fruits can uniformly receive light, and daily management such as pesticide spraying and picking is facilitated; the occurrence of sunscald of the fruits is greatly reduced, and the quality of the fruits is improved; in addition, the cultivation method of the invention is convenient for estimating yield and fixing fruits, is beneficial to adjusting the contradiction between the vegetative growth and the reproductive growth of the citrus trees, and can effectively keep the trees robust and prevent premature senility.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following examples. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the following examples are illustrative of the invention only and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.
In 2016, 1 month till now, the cultivation test of oranges in three groups of community orchards is disclosed by the Yi-nationality autonomous east wind farm administration of the Hani nationality of the red river, Yunnan province, and the specific contents are as follows:
and (3) shed frame cultivation:
example 1:
the planting and shaping method for double-stem four-main-branch citrus shed frame cultivation is carried out according to the invention, and comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting land: selecting a flat land or a hill with the underground water level below 0.8m, thick soil layer and convenient irrigation and drainage as a garden land suitable for cultivating oranges in the orchard;
s2, building a garden:
s2.1, planting upright columns in the garden in the step S1, wherein the height of the upright columns is about 2.5m, the planting density is that one upright column is planted every 4m in the longitudinal direction, and one upright column is planted every 2.45m in the transverse direction, and the upright columns are planted 50cm deep underground;
s2.2, pulling iron wires on the upright posts to construct a shed frame, firstly, pulling a transverse wire on the top end of each row of upright posts transversely by using the iron wires, then pulling a first longitudinal wire on the top end of each row of upright posts longitudinally by using the iron wires, pulling 6 second longitudinal wires between every two adjacent first longitudinal wires at equal intervals by using the iron wires, and then pulling a third longitudinal wire at a position 25-35 cm below the first longitudinal wires by using the iron wires; wherein, the first second longitudinal line on the left and right sides of the first longitudinal line is a middle longitudinal one, the second longitudinal line is a middle longitudinal two, and the third second longitudinal line is a middle longitudinal three;
s3, planting:
digging planting furrows with the width and the depth of about 50cm at each column, filling 30cm of decomposed manure into the planting furrows, returning 20cm of surface soil, and fully and uniformly mixing the manure with the surface soil;
planting in March, selecting annual bag seedlings, planting at a spacing of 1m, and planting 272 seedlings every 667m 2; after planting, thoroughly watering root fixing water;
s4, tree body cultivation and shaping:
s4.1, after field planting, reserving two branches within 20cm above a grafting opening, culturing the branches into two trunks, and respectively binding and fixing the two trunks with aluminum wires with the diameter of 1.5-2.0mm at an interval of 50cm on a third longitudinal line when the heights of the two trunks reach the height of the third longitudinal line; after the two trunks are fixed, the trunks are cut at the position 3-5cm above the fixed point to promote the lateral buds to sprout;
s4.2, after side buds on the main trunks at the upper ends of the third longitudinal lines germinate, selecting 6 branch tips with better growth vigor at the upper ends of the main trunks for culturing, and removing redundant branch tips; dividing 6 branch tips selected and remained on the two trunks into two groups respectively, wherein each group comprises 3 branch tips, each two groups of branch tips are respectively pulled to the left and right opposite directions by taking a third longitudinal line as a boundary, and are respectively fixed on one of the middle longitudes at the left and right sides of the first longitudinal line by using aluminum wires; when the fixing is carried out, in each group of branch tips, the branch tips positioned in the middle are required to be straightened, and the other two branch tips are respectively pulled to two sides of the middle branch tip and fixed with the middle vertical shaft by using an aluminum wire at a position 16-17cm away from the middle branch tip; after the branch tips are fixed, cutting the branch tips at a position which exceeds the middle longitudinal position by 3-5cm so as to promote the lateral buds to germinate; in each group of branch tips, the branch tip positioned in the middle is taken as a main branch, 2 branch tips positioned on two sides of the middle branch tip form a result branch group at the position after sprouting new buds, and the branch group does not continue to extend;
s4.3, after the lateral buds at the top ends of the main branches germinate, selecting 5 strongly growing branch tips at the top end of each main branch for culturing, wherein 2 branch tips are pulled to the first longitudinal line and fixed with the first longitudinal line by an aluminum wire, and cutting off the 2 branch tips at the positions 3-5cm beyond the first longitudinal line to promote the branch tips to germinate new buds and form a result branch group; the other 3 branch tips at the top end of the main branch are pulled to the middle longitudinal two on the corresponding side and are fixed with the middle longitudinal two by aluminum wires, when the main branch is fixed, the branch tips in the middle are required to be straightened and straightened, and the other two branch tips are respectively pulled to the two sides of the middle branch tip and are fixed with the middle longitudinal two by the aluminum wires at the position 16-17cm away from the middle branch tip; after the branch tips are fixed, cutting the branch tips at the position which exceeds the middle longitudinal two 3-5cm to promote the lateral buds to germinate; among the 3 branch tips positioned on the middle longitudinal two, the branch tip positioned in the middle is taken as a new main branch, and the 2 branch tips positioned on the two sides of the middle branch tip form a result branch group after sprouting new buds, so that the branch group does not continue to extend;
s4.4, after the lateral buds at the top ends of the new main branches germinate, selecting 3 strongly-grown branch tips at the top end of each new main branch for culturing, pulling the 3 branch tips to the middle longitudinal three on the corresponding side, fixing the branch tips with the middle longitudinal three by using an aluminum wire, straightening and straightening the branch tips positioned in the middle when fixing, respectively pulling the other two branch tips to two sides of the middle branch tip, and fixing the other two branch tips with the middle longitudinal three by using the aluminum wire at a position 16-17cm away from the middle branch tip; after the branch tips are fixed, cutting the branch tips at the position which exceeds three 3-5cm of the middle longitudinal direction so as to promote the lateral buds at the position to germinate; the 3 branch tips on the third longitudinal side do not extend after germination, and only the branch tips are cultured to form a fruiting branch group.
Specifically, in step S2.2, the transverse line is made of No. 8 iron wire, and the first longitudinal line, the second longitudinal line, and the third longitudinal line are made of No. 10 iron wire, which does not affect the protection scope of the present invention.
Further, when shaping, when young shoots germinate, timely doing pest control, applying 50-100g urea to each plant according to tree vigor, and spraying 30-50mg/L Gibberellin (GA)3) +20-40mg/L alpha-naphthylacetic acid (NAA) + 0.3-0.5% urea + 0.3-0.5% monopotassium phosphate to promote the growth of young shoots.
Further, after field planting, with the growth of the tree body, if the branch tips on the shed frame are too dense and close, respectively cutting off one main branch on two trunks of each plant according to conditions, wherein the two cut-off main branches are respectively positioned at the left side and the right side of the third longitudinal line.
Example 2:
the same features of this embodiment as those of embodiment 1 are not described again, and the different features are:
after the planting, if the branch tips on the trellis are too dense and close together with the growth of the tree body, the dense plants are subjected to inter-plant thinning according to the situation.
And (3) common cultivation:
example 3:
in this embodiment, a common cultivation mode is adopted, and the tree age, cultivation density, management conditions and planting method are the same as those of the common cultivation except whether the cultivation is carried out by building a shed and putting the shed on the frame.
During the cultivation period, the influence of different cultivation modes on the yield and the appearance quality of ponkan is counted, and a table 1 is obtained:
TABLE 1 Effect of different cultivation modes on ponkan yield and appearance quality
Note: the data shown in table 1 are the average of 4 replicates in 2019.
As can be seen from Table 1, although the yield of the citrus fruits is slightly reduced by the shed frame cultivation, the sunscald of the fruits is effectively avoided, and the sunscald proportion of the fruits compared with the common cultivation is as high as 5.21%; due to the fact that the conditions that the interior of the tree chamber is seriously closed, the light transmission is poor and pesticides are difficult to uniformly and effectively spray into the interior of the tree chamber in common cultivation are effectively avoided through shed frame cultivation, the proportion of uniform and consistent coloring of the fruit peel is up to 95.21%, and the proportion of pest and disease infected fruits is only 1.27%. Table 1 also shows that, due to the convenience of management of flowers and fruits by trellis cultivation, malformed fruits and small fruits can be found and removed in time, so that the fruits are generally large and uniform in size. In addition, the shed frame cultivation is convenient to manage, the yield of each plant can be uniform, the phenomenon that the plants bear fruit in the big and small years can be avoided, and the phenomenon that branches are pressed (pulled) to be broken due to excessive fruit bearing quantity and trees are weak or even die can be reduced. Finally, according to statistics, after the fruit is obtained in 2019, the labor force of the ponkan garden cultivated in the shed is saved by about 8 days per mu each year compared with the ponkan garden cultivated in the common shed.
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, which is not intended to limit the present invention in any way; those skilled in the art can make numerous possible variations and modifications to the present teachings, or modify equivalent embodiments to equivalent variations, without departing from the scope of the present teachings, using the methods and techniques disclosed above. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent replacement, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are still within the scope of the protection of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A field planting and shaping method for double-stem four-main-branch citrus shed frame cultivation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting land: in the area suitable for citrus cultivation, a flat ground or a hilly ground with the underground water level below 0.8m, thick soil layer and convenient irrigation and drainage is selected as a garden;
s2, building a garden:
s2.1, planting upright columns in the garden in the step S1, wherein the height of the upright columns is about 2.5m, the planting density is that one upright column is planted every 4m in the longitudinal direction, and one upright column is planted every 2.45m in the transverse direction, and the upright columns are planted 50cm deep underground;
s2.2, pulling iron wires on the upright posts to construct a shed frame, firstly, pulling a transverse wire on the top end of each row of upright posts transversely by using the iron wires, then pulling a first longitudinal wire on the top end of each row of upright posts longitudinally by using the iron wires, pulling 6 second longitudinal wires between every two adjacent first longitudinal wires at equal intervals by using the iron wires, and then pulling a third longitudinal wire at a position 25-35 cm below the first longitudinal wires by using the iron wires; wherein, the first second longitudinal line on the left and right sides of the first longitudinal line is a middle longitudinal one, the second longitudinal line is a middle longitudinal two, and the third second longitudinal line is a middle longitudinal three;
s3, planting:
digging planting furrows with the width and the depth of about 50cm at each column, filling 30cm of decomposed manure into the planting furrows, returning 20cm of surface soil, and fully and uniformly mixing the manure with the surface soil;
planting in March, selecting annual bag seedlings, planting at a spacing of 1m, and planting 272 seedlings every 667m 2; after planting, thoroughly watering root fixing water;
s4, tree body cultivation and shaping:
s4.1, after field planting, reserving two branches within 20cm above a grafting opening, culturing the branches into two trunks, and respectively binding and fixing the two trunks with aluminum wires with the diameter of 1.5-2.0mm at an interval of 50cm on a third longitudinal line when the heights of the two trunks reach the height of the third longitudinal line; after the two trunks are fixed, the trunks are cut at the position 3-5cm above the fixed point to promote the lateral buds to sprout;
s4.2, after side buds on the main trunks at the upper ends of the third longitudinal lines germinate, selecting 6 branch tips with better growth vigor at the upper ends of the main trunks for culturing, and removing redundant branch tips; dividing 6 branch tips selected and remained on the two trunks into two groups respectively, wherein each group comprises 3 branch tips, each two groups of branch tips are respectively pulled to the left and right opposite directions by taking a third longitudinal line as a boundary, and are respectively fixed on one of the middle longitudes at the left and right sides of the first longitudinal line by using aluminum wires; when the fixing is carried out, in each group of branch tips, the branch tips positioned in the middle are required to be straightened, and the other two branch tips are respectively pulled to two sides of the middle branch tip and fixed with the middle vertical shaft by using an aluminum wire at a position 16-17cm away from the middle branch tip; after the branch tips are fixed, cutting the branch tips at a position which exceeds the middle longitudinal position by 3-5cm so as to promote the lateral buds to germinate; in each group of branch tips, the branch tip positioned in the middle is taken as a main branch, 2 branch tips positioned on two sides of the middle branch tip form a result branch group at the position after sprouting new buds, and the branch group does not continue to extend;
s4.3, after the lateral buds at the top ends of the main branches germinate, selecting 5 strongly growing branch tips at the top end of each main branch for culturing, wherein 2 branch tips are pulled to the first longitudinal line and fixed with the first longitudinal line by an aluminum wire, and cutting off the 2 branch tips at the positions 3-5cm beyond the first longitudinal line to promote the branch tips to germinate new buds and form a result branch group; the other 3 branch tips at the top end of the main branch are pulled to the middle longitudinal two on the corresponding side and are fixed with the middle longitudinal two by aluminum wires, when the main branch is fixed, the branch tips in the middle are required to be straightened and straightened, and the other two branch tips are respectively pulled to the two sides of the middle branch tip and are fixed with the middle longitudinal two by the aluminum wires at the position 16-17cm away from the middle branch tip; after the branch tips are fixed, cutting the branch tips at the position which exceeds the middle longitudinal two 3-5cm to promote the lateral buds to germinate; among the 3 branch tips positioned on the middle longitudinal two, the branch tip positioned in the middle is taken as a new main branch, and the 2 branch tips positioned on the two sides of the middle branch tip form a result branch group after sprouting new buds, so that the branch group does not continue to extend;
s4.4, after the lateral buds at the top ends of the new main branches germinate, selecting 3 strongly-grown branch tips at the top end of each new main branch for culturing, pulling the 3 branch tips to the middle longitudinal three on the corresponding side, fixing the branch tips with the middle longitudinal three by using an aluminum wire, straightening and straightening the branch tips positioned in the middle when fixing, respectively pulling the other two branch tips to two sides of the middle branch tip, and fixing the other two branch tips with the middle longitudinal three by using the aluminum wire at a position 16-17cm away from the middle branch tip; after the branch tips are fixed, cutting the branch tips at the position which exceeds three 3-5cm of the middle longitudinal direction so as to promote the lateral buds at the position to germinate; the 3 branch tips on the third longitudinal side do not extend after germination, and only the branch tips are cultured to form a fruiting branch group.
2. The planting and shaping method for double-stem four-main-branch citrus shed frame cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that: during shaping, when young shoots germinate, pest control is timely well done, 50-100g of urea is applied to each plant according to tree vigor, and 30-50mg/L Gibberellin (GA)3) +20-40mg/L alpha-naphthylacetic acid (NAA) + 0.3-0.5% urea + 0.3-0.5% monopotassium phosphate to promote the growth of young shoots.
3. The planting and shaping method for double-stem four-main-branch citrus shed frame cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that: after field planting, if the branch tips on the trellis are too dense and closed along with the growth of the tree body, one main branch on each trunk of each plant can be cut off according to the situation, and the two cut main branches need to be positioned on the left side and the right side of the third longitudinal line respectively.
4. The planting and shaping method for double-stem four-main-branch citrus shed frame cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that: after the planting, if the branch tips on the shed frame are too dense and close together with the growth of the tree body, the dense plants can be subjected to inter-plant thinning according to the situation.
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