CN101485273B - Grape soil-burry cultivation method without off-grape trellis in soil-burry winter-proofing region - Google Patents
Grape soil-burry cultivation method without off-grape trellis in soil-burry winter-proofing region Download PDFInfo
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- CN101485273B CN101485273B CN2008101317263A CN200810131726A CN101485273B CN 101485273 B CN101485273 B CN 101485273B CN 2008101317263 A CN2008101317263 A CN 2008101317263A CN 200810131726 A CN200810131726 A CN 200810131726A CN 101485273 B CN101485273 B CN 101485273B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a non-taking-down earth burying cultivation method for grapes in earth burying winterproofing areas, which belongs to the technical field of fruit growing. The invention aims to solve the problems of high labor and time consumption, increased cost and damaged braches and tendrils caused by grape earth burying taking-down in the winter. The method comprises the following two aspects: (1) a fixed planting method: digging fixed planting ditches with the width of between 60 and 80cm, the depth of between 70 and 100cm and the row pitch of between 3.0 and 3.5m; mixing organic fertilizer and with surface soil according to the dosage of between 5 and 8 m3 per mu, filling the fixed planting ditches with the mixture of the organic fertilizer and the surface soil, then filling the ditches with part of subsoil so as to keep the depth of the fixed planting ditches to between 20 and 25cm, and then carrying out the grape nursery stock fixed planting with the pant pitch of between 50 and 100cm and carrying out the cultivation management; and (2) shaping and trimming and earth burying for winterproofing: carrying out the shaping and trimming so as to obtain single Guyot L-shaped trunks with the height of between 40 and 50cm or double Guyot L-shaped (or T-shaped) trunks with the height of between 40 and 50cm; and carrying the spur trimming, adopting a non-taking-down machine or manual earth burying in the winter, and burying the earth 15 to 20cm higher than the branches and tendrils so as to prevent the branches and tendrils from being refrigerated and drained.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method in a kind of fruit tree planting technique field, specifically be a kind of grape soil burial winter protection district not undercarriage bury native cultivation method.
Background technology
Winter, soil burial winter protection was important measures of northern China grape safe overwintering; In order to pursue high yield and to be convenient to bury winter soil; Northern China grape soil burial winter protection district multiselect is convenient to bury winter the preceding grape branches and tendrils are overwhelmed of soil and is set level with the climing imperial form of single master and many main climing fan-shaped shaping mode shapings (seeing accompanying drawing 1), and is time-consuming; Also can cause annual about 5% branches and tendrils damage, influence grape production.In addition, these two kinds of shaping modes cause the grape setting fruit position different, and same plant grape quality differs greatly, and is difficult to brew high-quality wine.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that invention will solve: the present invention is directed to deficiency of the prior art; For grape soil burial winter protection district provides a kind of brand-new grape transplanting stock, shaping mode, buries indigenous method; A series of problems such as solve that grape buries that time-consuming, the cost that native undercarriage brings increases winter, branches and tendrils damage and grape quality are inconsistent, realize grape not undercarriage bury the soil cultivation.
The technical scheme that the technical solution problem is adopted: the present invention realizes through following technical scheme, the invention provides soil burial winter protection district grape undercarriage and buries native cultivation method, comprises following two aspects:
(1) grape transplanting stock method: at first, dig wide 60～80cm according to line-spacing 3.0～3.5m, the field planting ditch of dark 70～100cm is executed 5～8M by every mu during trench digging
3Fertilizer is placed on field planting ditch west side (north and south row) or southern side (thing is capable) with native mixing of table, and cubsoil is placed on opposite side.Then composite soil is inserted in the field planting ditch, inserted the part cubsoil again and make the field planting trench depth keep 20～25cm.By the spacing in the rows field planting grape seedling of 50～100cm, pressed traditional grape normal management in 1 year and 1 year, 1～2 the complicated and confused emphasis of stalwartness of selecting and remain is cultivated, and remains ditch depth 20～25cm.
(2) pruning and soil burial winter protection: after treating 1 year fall foliage, adopt the L shaped shaping of single Gu Yuete or two Gu Yuete L shaped (or the T shape) shaping of the high 40～50cm of trunk, with the bondage of level branches and tendrils to the first road silk.Perhaps, adopt the cup-shaped shaping of the high 40～45cm of trunk.Adopt winter not undercarriage machinery or manual work to bury soil, earthing need exceed level branches and tendrils 15～20cm, prevents that branches and tendrils from enduring cold and drain.The 3rd year spring removed earthing to bottom of trench, on the level branches and tendrils, touched bud by the interval of 10～15cm and decided the tap reason.Behind the fall foliage, take spur pruning, cultivation results branch group adopts not undercarriage machinery or manual work to bury soil then, and earthing need exceed level branches and tendrils 15～20cm.The rest may be inferred, year after year, controls grape level branches and tendrils and setting fruit position all the time in same level height.
Beneficial effect: implementation result of the present invention is mainly reflected in: (1) reduces and to bury damage of soil branches and tendrils and labour cost winter; (2) grape root system is darker, increases the grape root system cold resistance, has improved the cold tolerance in grape winter; (3) pruning is easy, is convenient to the peasant and grasps; (4) grape pluck, pruning (summer cuts with the winter and cuts) and bury soil and all can realize mechanically actuated, reduce production costs; (5) grape fruit ear is evenly distributed on same level height, the fruit quality uniformity, and quality is good; (6) shoot growth relaxes, becomes to spend, and output is high, instant effect.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 for north China tradition grape shaping mode and winter the undercarriage soil burial winter protection sketch map of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant;
Field planting, the shaping sketch map of accompanying drawing 2 L shaped mode shaping of single Gu Yuete for the present invention adopts;
Accompanying drawing 3 for the present invention adopts single Gu Yuete L shaped) field planting of mode shaping, shaping, winter pruning, winter undercarriage soil burial winter protection sketch map not;
Accompanying drawing 4 adopts field planting, the shaping sketch map of two Gu Yuete L shaped (or T shape) mode shapings for the present invention;
The field planting of accompanying drawing 5 two Gu Yuete L shaped (or T shape) mode shapings for the present invention adopts, shaping, winter pruning, winter be undercarriage soil burial winter protection sketch map not;
Accompanying drawing 6 adopts field planting, the shaping sketch map of cup-shaped mode shaping for the present invention;
The field planting, shaping, winter pruning, winter that accompanying drawing 7 adopts the shaping of cup-shaped mode for the present invention be undercarriage soil burial winter protection sketch map not;
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, explain that through specific embodiment technical scheme of the present invention further describes.
Embodiment 1 (adopting the L shaped mode shaping of single Gu Yuete):
At first, dig wide 60～80cm according to line-spacing 3.0～3.5m, the field planting ditch of dark 70～100cm is executed 5～8M by every mu during trench digging
3Fertilizer is placed on field planting ditch west side (north and south row) or southern side (thing is capable) with native mixing of table, and cubsoil is placed on opposite side.Then composite soil is inserted in the field planting ditch, inserted the part cubsoil again and make the field planting trench depth keep 20～25cm.By the spacing in the rows field planting grape seedling of 50～60cm, pressed traditional grape normal management in 1 year and 1 year, the complicated and confused emphasis of stalwartness of selecting and remain is cultivated, and remains ditch depth 20～25cm.After treating 1 year fall foliage; Adopt the L shaped mode shaping of single Gu Yuete (seeing accompanying drawing 2) of the high 40～50cm of trunk; With the bondage of level branches and tendrils to the first road silk; Adopt winter not undercarriage machinery or manual work to bury soil, earthing need exceed level branches and tendrils 15～20cm (seeing accompanying drawing 3), prevents that branches and tendrils from enduring cold and drain.The 3rd year spring removed earthing to bottom of trench, on the level branches and tendrils, touched bud by the interval of 10～15cm and decided the tap reason.Behind the fall foliage, take spur pruning, cultivation results branch group adopts not undercarriage machinery or manual work to bury soil then, and earthing need exceed level branches and tendrils 15～20cm.The rest may be inferred, year after year, controls grape level branches and tendrils and setting fruit position all the time in same level height.
Embodiment 2 (adopting two Gu Yuete L shaped (or T shape) shaping modes):
At first, dig wide 60～80cm according to line-spacing 3.0～3.5cm, the field planting ditch of dark 70～100cm is executed 5～8M by every mu during trench digging
3Fertilizer is placed on field planting ditch west side (north and south row) or southern side (thing is capable) with native mixing of table, and cubsoil is placed on opposite side.Then composite soil is inserted in the field planting ditch, inserted the part cubsoil again and make the field planting trench depth keep 20～25cm.By the spacing in the rows field planting grape seedling of 60～100cm, pressed traditional grape normal management in 1 year and 1 year, two the complicated and confused emphasis of stalwartness of selecting and remain are cultivated, and remain ditch depth 20～25cm.After treating 1 year fall foliage; Adopt two Gu Yuete L shaped (or T shape) shaping mode shapings (seeing accompanying drawing 4) of the high 40～50cm of trunk; Two levels branches and tendrils are distinguished bondage round about to the first road silk; Adopt winter not undercarriage machinery or manual work to bury soil, earthing exceeds level branches and tendrils 15～20cm (seeing accompanying drawing 5), prevents that branches and tendrils from enduring cold and drain.The 3rd year spring removed earthing to bottom of trench, on the level branches and tendrils, touched bud by the interval of 10～15cm and decided the tap reason.Behind the fall foliage, take spur pruning, cultivation results branch group adopts not undercarriage machinery or manual work to bury soil then, and earthing exceeds level branches and tendrils 15～20cm.The rest may be inferred, year after year, controls grape level branches and tendrils and setting fruit position all the time in same level height.
Embodiment 3 (adopting cup-shaped shaping mode):
At first, dig wide 60～80cm according to line-spacing 3.0～3.5m, the field planting ditch of dark 70～100cm is executed 5～8M by every mu during trench digging
3Fertilizer is placed on field planting ditch west side (north and south row) or southern side (thing is capable) with native mixing of table, and cubsoil is placed on opposite side.Then composite soil is inserted in the field planting ditch, inserted the part cubsoil again and make the field planting trench depth keep 20～25cm.By the spacing in the rows field planting grape seedling of 60～100cm, pressed traditional grape normal management in 1 year and 1 year, the complicated and confused emphasis of stalwartness of selecting and remain is cultivated, and remains ditch depth 20～25cm.After treating 1 year fall foliage; Adopt the high 40～45cm of trunk place weak point to cut; 3～5 branches and tendrils of on trunk, selecting and remain in the 3rd year adopt cup-shaped mode shaping (seeing accompanying drawing 6); Adopt winter not undercarriage machinery or manual work to bury soil, earthing exceeds level branches and tendrils 15～20cm (seeing accompanying drawing 7), prevents that branches and tendrils from enduring cold and drain.The 3rd year spring removed earthing to bottom of trench, on the level branches and tendrils, stayed 2～3 buds to decide the tap reason by the interval of 10～15cm.Behind the fall foliage, take spur pruning, cultivation results branch group adopts not undercarriage machinery or manual work to bury soil then, and earthing exceeds level branches and tendrils 15～20cm.The rest may be inferred, year after year, controls grape level branches and tendrils and setting fruit position all the time in same level height.
Claims (1)
- A grape soil burial winter protection district not undercarriage bury native cultivation method, it is characterized in that: dig wide 60～80cm according to line-spacing 3.0～3.5m, the field planting ditch of dark 70～100cm is executed 5～8M by every mu during trench digging 3Fertilizer is placed on row field planting ditch west side, north and south or the capable field planting ditch of thing southern side with native mixing of table, and cubsoil is placed on opposite side; Then composite soil is inserted in the field planting ditch, inserted the part cubsoil again and make the field planting trench depth keep 20～25cm; By the spacing in the rows field planting grape seedling of 50～100cm, pressed traditional grape normal management in 1 year and 1 year, 1-2 the healthy and strong complicated and confused emphasis of selecting and remain cultivated, and remains ditch depth 20～25cm; After treating 1 year fall foliage, adopt the L shaped shaping of single Gu Yuete of the high 40～50cm of trunk or two Gu Yuete is L shaped or the shaping of T shape, with the bondage of level branches and tendrils on the first road silk of field planting bottom of trench 40～50cm; Perhaps, adopt the cup-shaped shaping of the high 40～45cm of trunk; Adopt not that undercarriage machinery buries soil winter, earthing need exceed level branches and tendrils 15～20cm, prevents that branches and tendrils from enduring cold and drain; The 3rd year spring, earthing is removed to bottom of trench, on the level branches and tendrils, touch bud and decide the tap reason by the interval of 10-15cm; Behind the fall foliage, take spur pruning, cultivation results branch group adopts then not that undercarriage machinery buries soil, and earthing need exceed level branches and tendrils 15～20cm; Year after year, control grape level branches and tendrils and setting fruit position all the time in same level height.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008101317263A CN101485273B (en) | 2008-06-20 | 2008-06-20 | Grape soil-burry cultivation method without off-grape trellis in soil-burry winter-proofing region |
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| CN2008101317263A CN101485273B (en) | 2008-06-20 | 2008-06-20 | Grape soil-burry cultivation method without off-grape trellis in soil-burry winter-proofing region |
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| CN101485273B true CN101485273B (en) | 2012-01-04 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107371852A (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2017-11-24 | 新疆维吾尔自治区葡萄瓜果研究所 | A kind of cultural method for reducing uncinula necator |
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