CN111903422B - Method for shaping short-stem head-shaped grapes - Google Patents
Method for shaping short-stem head-shaped grapes Download PDFInfo
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- CN111903422B CN111903422B CN202010856102.9A CN202010856102A CN111903422B CN 111903422 B CN111903422 B CN 111903422B CN 202010856102 A CN202010856102 A CN 202010856102A CN 111903422 B CN111903422 B CN 111903422B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0237—Devices for protecting a specific part of a plant, e.g. roots, trunk or fruits
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0262—Mulches, i.e. covering material not-pre-formed in mats or sheets
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The application provides a method for shaping short-stem head-shaped grapes, which comprises a seedling planting period, a short-stem head-shaped shaping period, winter pruning, winter soil burying and spring unearthing. And (3) seedling planting stage: grape seedlings are planted at intervals of 1m in the first year, and the short stalk head shaping period is as follows: in the second and third years, short-stem head-shaped grape seedlings are formed through shaping, and the grape seedlings are maintained through winter pruning, winter soil burying and spring unearthing. The method for shaping the short-stem head-shaped grapes can reduce grape cultivation procedures, reduce damage to grape branches, improve grape yield and improve mechanization degree.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of grape cultivation, in particular to a method for shaping short-stem head-shaped grapes.
Background
The grape planting is easily affected by seasons, and as the temperature and the humidity are low in winter, the main vines and the branches of the grapes are easily drained and frozen, and the main vines and the branches of the grapes must be buried in soil for cold protection. Therefore, grape planting is generally divided into vine burying seasons and vine emergence seasons, wherein the vine burying seasons comprise lower shelves, wire rods and soil burying, and the vine emergence seasons comprise soil emergence, strip loosening and upper shelves.
When the grape branches are buried with soil in winter, in order to reduce the height of the buried soil, the grape branches are firstly shelved, namely the grape branches are picked off from the grape trellis and trimmed, then the grape branches are coiled by using tools such as vine binding ropes, namely coiling strips, so as to reduce the volume of the grape branches, and finally the soil burying work is carried out. In spring, the grape branches are unearthed, soil buried on the grape branches is removed by using an unearthing machine, then the coiled grape branches are untied, namely, the grape branches are untied, and then the grape branches are guided and bound to a grape trellis, namely, the grape trellis is put on the trellis.
In practical application, the main vines and branches of the grapes are damaged in the processes of coiling, lowering, releasing and loading, for example, the main vines are crushed, and new tender shoots are knocked off, so that the yield of the grapes is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a method for shaping short-stem head-shaped grapes, which aims to solve the problem that grape branches are easily damaged by a traditional cultivation method to influence the yield of the grapes.
The application provides a method for shaping short-stem head-shaped grapes, which comprises a seedling planting period, a short-stem head-shaped shaping period, winter pruning, winter soil burying and spring unearthing;
and (3) seedling planting stage: in the first year, grape seedlings are planted, and two branches are selected as prepared branches;
short stem head shaping period: in the second year, one of the prepared branches is selected as a main vine for culture, and other branches are cut off; when the main vines grow out branches, picking cores of the branches when the main vines grow out branches and the main vines grow to 40cm, and enabling the branches to grow transversely to form auxiliary tips on the left side and the right side; arranging a first path of silk at a position 40cm away from the ground, and vertically guiding and binding the main vine on the first path of silk; picking the core when the left and right secondary tips near the top end are 50-60cm long; selecting 4-5 auxiliary tips as auxiliary tips on the left and right sides except two auxiliary tips close to the top end, shearing other auxiliary tips, and reserving 3-4 leaves for core picking of the auxiliary tips;
in the third year, the left and right auxiliary tips close to the top end grow into fruiting mother branches, and the fruiting mother branches are horizontally tied to the first cut line in a guiding mode to form short-stem head-shaped grape seedlings; selecting an upper back branch on the fruiting mother branch as a fruiting branch for bearing fruits, selecting a left lower back branch and a right lower back branch at the joint of the fruiting mother branch and the main vine as updating branches, and erasing all lower back branches except the updating branches;
pruning in winter: cutting off the auxiliary tips in winter in the second year; carrying out horizontal short-tip pruning on the bearing branches in winter in the third year, reserving 2-3 buds, and enabling the pruning height to be 50-55cm away from the ground;
burying soil in winter: burying soil in the grape seedlings every year in winter, wherein the soil burying height is 55-60 cm;
spring unearthing: in spring after burying soil in winter, the grape seedlings are cleaned by using a mechanical bulldozer, and the height of a soil scraping brush of the mechanical bulldozer is 30 cm.
Optionally, the planting distance of the grape seedlings is 1 m.
Optionally, when the bearing branches are selected, the distance between the bearing branches is 10 cm.
Optionally, bury soil winter and include: and (5) wrapping the main vines by using a winding drum, and burying soil for the main vines and the branches.
According to the technical scheme, the method for shaping the short-stem head-shaped grapes comprises the steps of seedling planting, short-stem head-shaped shaping, winter pruning, soil burying in winter and soil emergence in spring. And (3) seedling planting stage: grape seedlings are planted at intervals of 1m in the first year, and the short stalk head shaping period is as follows: in the second and third years, short-stem head-shaped grape seedlings are formed through shaping, and the grape seedlings are maintained through winter pruning, winter soil burying and spring unearthing. The method for shaping the short-stem head-shaped grapes can reduce grape cultivation procedures, reduce damage to grape branches, improve grape yield and improve mechanization degree.
Drawings
In order to more clearly explain the technical solution of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a grape with short stalks according to the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a process for shaping short-stem head grapes according to the present application.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, like numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following examples do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present application. But merely as exemplifications of systems and methods consistent with certain aspects of the application, as recited in the claims.
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic diagram of a short grape structure according to the present application is shown. Referring to fig. 2, a schematic flow chart of the shaping process of the short-stem head grape of the present application is shown. As can be seen from fig. 1 and 2, the method for reshaping short-stem head grape comprises the following steps: seedling planting, short stem head shaping, winter pruning, winter soil burying and spring soil removal. In practical applications, the reshaping process typically takes three years.
And (3) seedling planting stage: in the first year, grape seedlings are planted, and the planting distance can be 1 m. Two branches are selected as prepared branches. The grape seedlings can be guaranteed to survive at the planting distance of 1m, and the seedlings are not interfered with each other. Two prepared branches are reserved, so that the condition that no branch survives due to damage to the branches when soil is buried in winter and the branches come out of the soil in spring can be avoided, and the survival rate of grape seedlings is ensured. The variety of the grape seedlings can be selected according to actual needs.
Short stem head shaping period: in the second year, one of the prepared branches is selected as a main vine for culture, and other branches except the main vine are cut. When selecting main vines from the prepared branches, strong branches are generally selected, and weak branches are pruned. When the main vine grows out of a branch and the main vine grows to 40cm, picking the core of the branch and enabling the branch to grow transversely to form auxiliary tips on the left side and the right side, namely A, B shown in figure 1. Picking the core of the branch when the main vine grows out of the branch and the main vine grows to 40cm, inhibiting the top dominance, promoting the growth of the branch close to two sides of the top end to form a secondary tip, wherein the height of the main vine and the branch is generally 40-50 cm. In practical application, the height of the main vine is 40cm, namely a 'short stalk' is formed.
And arranging a first path of filament at a position 40cm away from the ground, and vertically tying the main vine on the first path of filament. The first wire is metal wires such as iron wires and the like which are transversely arranged, namely the grape trellis, and the main vine is ensured to be vertical to the first wire when the grape trellis is vertically tied. In practical application, the first cut can provide stress points for grape branches to assist grape growth.
And (4) picking the core when the two secondary tips near the top end are 50-60cm long. Core picking can improve the lignification degree of the branches and lay a foundation for the third year.
In practical application, after picking cores of main vines and branches, the branches on two sides are thinner, secondary tips are gradually formed on the branches on two sides along with growth of grapes, the number of the branches is increased, and therefore the secondary tips need to be trimmed. And (3) selecting 4-5 auxiliary tips from the left and right sides as auxiliary branches except for two auxiliary tips close to the top end, cutting off other auxiliary tips, and reserving 3-4 leaves for core picking of the auxiliary tips. In practical application, the auxiliary tips can play a role in ensuring balance, and the situation that the main vines are bent due to lack of balance is avoided.
In the third year, the left and right auxiliary tips close to the top end grow into fruiting mother branches, and the fruiting mother branches are horizontally tied to the first cut line in a guiding mode to form short-stem head-shaped grape seedlings; the shapes of the auxiliary tips on the left side and the right side are head-shaped. The horizontal tying is that when tying, the fruiting mother branch is tied on the first silk, namely, the fruiting mother branch is parallel to the first silk. The pressure on the main vines caused by the weight of the fruiting mother branches can be reduced by guiding and binding the fruiting mother branches, and the growth of the main vines is guaranteed.
And selecting the back upper branch on the fruit mother branch as a fruit branch to carry out fruit bearing, wherein the distance between every two adjacent fruit branches can be 10cm when the fruit branch is selected. The fruiting branches with the spacing of 10cm can ensure the yield of the grapes and simultaneously reduce the damage to grape seedlings to the minimum. And selecting two left and right back lower branches at the joint of the fruiting mother branch and the main vine as updating branches, namely C, D shown in figure 1, and erasing all back lower branches except the updating branches. In practical application, the updated branches are selected, so that the condition that fruiting mother branches are disjointed can be avoided, and the output period of grape seedlings is ensured.
Pruning in winter: cutting off all auxiliary tips in winter of the second year; and in winter of the third year, carrying out horizontal short-tip pruning on the bearing branches, reserving 2-3 buds, and enabling the pruning height to be 50-55cm from the ground. In practical application, if 2 buds need to be reserved, the pruning height is generally 50cm, if 3 buds need to be reserved, the pruning height is generally 53-55cm, the distance between every two buds is generally 4-5cm, a mechanical pruning machine can be used for pruning, the operation is simple and convenient, and time and labor are saved. The volume of grape branches can be reduced by pruning in winter, the operation pressure during soil burying in winter is reduced, and the water loss can be reduced, so that the cold-resisting effect is better. Meanwhile, the manual investment is reduced by using mechanical trimming.
Burying soil in winter: burying soil in the grape seedlings every winter, wherein the soil burying height is 55-60 cm. Specifically, when soil is buried in winter, the main vines are wrapped by the winding drums, and the main vines and all branches are buried in soil. The reel can be selected according to actual need, and in practical application, main tendril height is 40cm, can directly bury the soil to the grape seedling, and the reel can play the effect of protection main tendril, can omit the process of plucking the grape branch from the grape trellis and wire rod, has avoided causing the damage to the grape branch. Meanwhile, the effects of resisting cold and preventing cold are achieved, and the grape branches are prevented from being dried and frozen during overwintering.
Spring unearthing: in spring after burying soil in winter, the grape seedlings are cleaned by using a mechanical bulldozer, and the height of a soil scraping brush of the mechanical bulldozer is 30 cm. In practical application, the winding drum used in soil burying in winter can protect the main vines, damage to the main vines caused by the soil hanging brush of the soil digging machine is avoided, the grape seedlings can be completely cleaned from the soil at the height of 30cm, and manual soil digging is not needed. Meanwhile, the grape branches do not need to be untwisted, so that the condition that the new tender shoots are knocked off during untwisting is avoided.
In practical application, the operations of the second year and the third year can be repeated for the fourth year to the third year, and the grape seedlings are maintained through winter pruning, winter soil burying and spring soil emergence, so that the grape yield is ensured until the grape seedlings are seriously degraded or lose fruit setting capacity, and then the grape seedlings are eliminated.
According to the technical scheme, the method for shaping the short-stem head-shaped grapes comprises the steps of seedling planting, short-stem head-shaped shaping, winter pruning, soil burying in winter and soil emergence in spring. And (3) seedling planting stage: and (4) planting grape seedlings in the first year, and selecting two branches as prepared branches. Short stem head shaping period: in the second year, one of the prepared branches is selected as a main vine for culture, and other branches are cut off; and when the main vines grow out of the branches and the main vines grow to 40cm, picking the cores of the branches, and enabling the branches to grow transversely to form auxiliary tips on the left side and the right side. And arranging a first path of filament at a position 40cm away from the ground, and vertically tying the main vine on the first path of filament. And (4) picking the core when the left and right secondary tips close to the top end are 50-60cm long. And (3) selecting 4-5 auxiliary tips from the left and right sides as auxiliary tips except for two auxiliary tips close to the top end, shearing other auxiliary tips, and reserving 3-4 leaves for core picking of the auxiliary tips. And in the third year, the left and right auxiliary tips close to the top end grow into fruiting mother branches, and the fruiting mother branches are horizontally tied on the first silk in a guiding manner to form short-stem head-shaped grape seedlings. And selecting the upper back branches on the fruiting mother branches as fruiting branches to carry out fruit bearing, selecting two lower back branches at the joint of the fruiting mother branches and the main vine as updating branches, and erasing all the lower back branches except the updating branches. Pruning in winter: cutting off the auxiliary tips in winter in the second year; and in the third year, carrying out horizontal short-tip trimming on the bearing branches in winter. Burying soil in winter: grape seedlings are buried in soil in winter every year. Spring unearthing: in spring after burying soil in winter, a mechanical bulldozer is used for cleaning soil of grape seedlings. The short-stem head-shaped grape shaping method can form short-stem head-shaped grape seedlings, avoids the processes of lowering and coiling when soil is buried in winter, avoids the process of stripping when soil is produced in spring, reduces damage to grape branches and improves grape yield. Meanwhile, the mechanization degree of grape cultivation is improved, and the labor is reduced.
The embodiments provided in the present application are only a few examples of the general concept of the present application, and do not limit the scope of the present application. Any other embodiments extended according to the scheme of the present application without inventive efforts will be within the scope of protection of the present application for a person skilled in the art.
Claims (3)
1. A method for shaping short-stem head-shaped grapes is characterized by comprising a seedling planting period, a short-stem head-shaped shaping period, winter pruning, winter soil burying and spring unearthing;
and (3) seedling planting stage: in the first year, grape seedlings are planted, and two branches are selected as prepared branches;
short stem head shaping period: in the second year, one of the prepared branches is selected as a main vine for culture, and other branches are cut off; picking the core of the branch when the main vine grows out of the branch and the main vine grows to 40cm, so that the branch grows transversely to form auxiliary tips on the left side and the right side; arranging a first path of silk at a position 40cm away from the ground, and vertically guiding and binding the main vine on the first path of silk; picking the core when the left and right secondary tips near the top end are 50-60cm long; selecting 4-5 auxiliary tips as auxiliary tips on the left and right sides except two auxiliary tips close to the top end, shearing other auxiliary tips, and reserving 3-4 leaves for core picking of the auxiliary tips;
in the third year, the left and right auxiliary tips close to the top end grow into fruiting mother branches, and the fruiting mother branches are horizontally tied to the first cut line in a guiding mode to form short-stem head-shaped grape seedlings; selecting an upper back branch on the fruiting mother branch as a fruiting branch for bearing fruits, selecting a left lower back branch and a right lower back branch at the joint of the fruiting mother branch and the main vine as updating branches, and erasing all lower back branches except the updating branches; when the bearing branches are selected, the distance between the bearing branches is 10 cm;
pruning in winter: cutting off the auxiliary tips in winter in the second year; carrying out horizontal short-tip pruning on the bearing branches in winter in the third year, reserving 2-3 buds, and enabling the pruning height to be 50-55cm away from the ground;
burying soil in winter: burying soil in the grape seedlings every year in winter, wherein the soil burying height is 55-60 cm;
spring unearthing: in spring after burying soil in winter, the grape seedlings are cleaned by using a mechanical bulldozer, and the height of a soil scraping brush of the mechanical bulldozer is 30 cm.
2. The method for reshaping short-stemmed grapes according to claim 1, wherein the grape seedlings are planted at a distance of 1 m.
3. The method of reshaping short stemmed grapes in claim 1, wherein the burying in soil in winter comprises: and (5) wrapping the main vines by using a winding drum, and burying soil for the main vines and the branches.
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| CN101485273B (en) * | 2008-06-20 | 2012-01-04 | 宁夏大学 | Grape soil-burry cultivation method without off-grape trellis in soil-burry winter-proofing region |
| JP5751507B1 (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2015-07-22 | 岡山県 | Nucleated grape bunch making method and raw grapes produced by the method |
| CN105594550B (en) * | 2016-02-09 | 2018-02-06 | 叶鸿钊 | The cultural method of Traminer grape |
| CN107242100A (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2017-10-13 | 贾建辉 | A kind of currant plants seedling pruning method then |
| CN108650899B (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2023-10-31 | 新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所 | Vineyard soil discharging device and vineyard soil discharging method |
| CN111248023B (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2022-04-12 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | Method for cultivating sunlight rose grape suitable frame shape and tree shape |
| CN111418432B (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2023-12-15 | 宁夏大学 | Overwintering cultivation method for grape without taking grape off rack and burying soil in saline-alkali soil |
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