RU2063677C1 - Intensive gardening method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, intensive fruit growing. SUBSTANCE: method involves shaping crown of seedlings by cutting branches; providing growing of leader and at least two lateral branches during first growing period; cutting leader and lateral branches for length not exceeding portion covering three buds prior to second growing period; prior to third growing period, cutting off one-year growth by half to stimulate growing of branches with elongate internodes and shaping of drooping crown; resuming cutting off branches, when reduction in fruit yield is evident, with rejuvenation-type cutting at row intervals being preferable; rejuvenating uncut tree rows, when cut trees acquire required fruit loading. EFFECT: increased productivity and simplified method. 7 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, namely to fruit growing.

 The objective of the invention is to increase the productivity of the plantation by accelerating the entry into fruiting and limiting the height of the crown of the tree by creating optimal thickening with branches per unit volume of the crown and the area of planting.

 The technical solution is implemented as follows. The crown is formed from fruit branches by trimming the seedling before planting to such a height that in the first year of vegetation a leader and at least two lateral branches can grow. Before the start of the second vegetation, the leader and branches are cut in the shape of a natural cone so that no more than three buds remain on the grown leader and branches (Fig. 1). This makes it possible to create further crown density without the formation of a tier. Before the start of the third vegetation, the entire annual growth is also cut off in the form of an imaginary cone, but not less than half (Fig. 2). This ensures, due to the advantage of the mass of the root system over the remaining part of the crown, the necessary branching of the crown (Fig. 3) and the transition to fruiting on long branches that grew in the third vegetation. Due to the small thickness, loaded with the crop, leaves and own mass, these branches acquire a drooping shape, which ensures that the crown height is kept at the time of harvesting (Fig. 4).

 At the first signs of a decrease in yield or its quality, it is necessary to conduct a second wave of pruning according to the type of anti-aging.

The present invention allows:
reduce labor costs for the care of the crown by 6-8 times due to the lack of trimming after the start of fruiting and to the first signs of a decrease in yield and its quality. Also in the second wave of pruning due to the mechanization of pruning and recycling, for example, by composting;
to increase the productivity of manual labor by 1.5-2 times due to harvesting in one tier.

 Example 1. The experiments were carried out in the industrial complex "Azov" NPO "Don" from 1983 to 1993. on varieties of growth of varieties of apple, pear, cherry, cherry.

 The method was carried out as follows.

 For the formation of crowns, both newly planted plantations and vegetative ones of 1-2 years were used. Pruning caused branching of the seedling in the year of planting (Fig. 1) or on an already growing tree of the leader and side branches (Fig. 2). It was performed until a crown was laid with the number of branches 2 or more times greater than on the branches of the first and second vegetation (Fig. 3). That is, pruning ceased when the tree showed signs of fatliquoring growth, which is clearly determined by the lengthening of the internodes.

 The table shows the data on the effectiveness of the performed example on the Idared cultivar over the 12-year life span of the tree.

 Example 2. The experiments were carried out in the industrial complex "Azov" NPO "Don" in 1987-1993. and Baklannikovsky fruiting farm of the Semikarakorsky district of the Rostov region in 1989-1993. on trees 12-14 years of age, when signs of a decrease in planting productivity began to appear (shrinking of the fruit, a decrease in the growth rate of growth, etc.). Trees were trimmed along a row by the MKO-3 machine according to the type of anti-aging pruning (Fig. 3). In this case, the crown was cut off by at least half, that is, rejuvenated (Fig. 5). This violated the correlation between the roots and the crown and caused intensive formation of branches on knots, cut lashes. The newly grown branches behaved further in the same way as the branches of the crown of the third and fourth years of the vegetation of the tree (Fig. 4).

 In order to reduce the sharp loss in planting yield, the trees were rejuvenated through a row (Fig. 6), which caused an increase in the growth of shoots and yield on the uncut trees, due to the improvement of their illumination. Upon reaching the required load with the harvest of rejuvenated rows, this procedure was repeated with trees of those rows that remained uncircumcised (Fig. 7). From the foregoing, it follows that in the proposed type of intensive garden, a general principle was found, namely, in the crown, call out shoot-like shoots with the required crown load without creating a visible tier. TTT1 YYY2 YYY4 YYY6

Claims (1)

 A method of maintaining an intensive garden, including the formation of a crown of fruit trees by pruning and laying elongated fruit branches, characterized in that the formation of a crown begins with pruning seedlings in which the leader and at least two lateral branches are formed in the first vegetation, and the leader and branches before the second vegetation cut no more than three buds, before the start of the third vegetation, the entire annual growth is cut no less than half to stimulate the growth of branches with elongated internodes and the formation of them onion crown, resume pruning at the first sign of a decrease in yield by the type of anti-aging pruning, while the trees are cut through a row, and after these trees reach the required load with the crop, they rejuvenate the uncircumcised rows.

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