RU2064757C1 - Fruit crop seedling growing method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fruit and flower growing. SUBSTANCE: method involves removing stem graft, with stump having height of 0.5-0.7 cm of first root; inoculating two or three growing buds by buds of different kinds; in case of unsuccessful inoculation, repeated cutting grafting is conducted next year on buds undeveloped after previous year inoculation. EFFECT: increased efficiency and wider capabilities.

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to horticulture and floriculture, and in particular to the cultivation of multi-varietal seedlings of fruit crops (pome seeds, stone fruits, berries), as well as ornamental shrubs (rose, lilac, terry forms of viburnum).

 At present, multi-varietal fruit trees are obtained by budding or grafting fruit trees into the stem, into the crown of the stem of several varieties (R. Garner, "Guide to the inoculation of fruit crops", M. 1962 p. 211).

 The disadvantage of this method is that budding in the stamb leads to the growth of one of the varieties by inhibiting the growth of another variety. Crowning or grafting into a crown requires a seedling to be at least 4-5 years old. Digging such seedlings is associated with high labor costs, which leads to damage to the root system. When transporting such seedlings, the root system is severely damaged.

 There is a method of growing single-seedlings of seedlings (A. N. Serdyukov, "Wonderful apple trees", "Lenizdat", 1978, p. 28), which consists in the fact that young bushes (2 3 years) in the spring re-grow to 4 5 cm below the soil level, the ground part of the stem is cut so that the stump with two buds is 2 3 cm below the soil level, as they grow shoots they are spudded, then the most tall ones are budged, and the oculants are separated from the uterine bush.

 The obtained single-grade seedlings have a rather weak root system.

 The purpose of the invention is to obtain multi-varietal seedlings of fruit crops and ornamental shrubs with an improved root system with a good yield of multi-varietal seedlings.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that a method for growing multi-varietal seedlings is proposed, in which rootstock of one of the crops is grown up to 2 3 years of age, in the spring the rootstock neck is uncoated, the stem is cut almost at the root, leaving the head up to 0.5 0.7 cm from the remaining head cuttings grow to 10 20 cm, some of them are removed, leaving the most powerful 2 or 3, which are then budded with various varieties from the kidneys of the current year using any of the existing methods, and additional shoots are not developed after budding in the spring of next year. An additional vaccination with cuttings.

 Differences of the proposed method from the known one is that the cultivation of stocks and further budding with different varieties is carried out directly on the uterine bush, without separation from the head, which allows you to create a strong root system. When releasing the neck of the stock, the head of the uterine bush is cut almost to the root, which allows to improve the self-regulation of the root system with the uniform and identical development of the left 2 3 boles.

 Another difference of the proposed method from the known one is that on undeveloped shoots after budding in the spring of next year, an additional vaccination with cuttings is carried out. It is this technique that improves the yield of multi-varietal seedlings.

 Work on the cultivation of multi-varietal seedlings has been carried out since 1980, while in 1989 1993. Work was carried out on growing seedlings using additional vaccination on undeveloped shoots after cultivation on apple, lilac and rose plants.

The following technology is proposed for growing multi-varietal seedlings: The stocks of the above crops were grown according to generally accepted technology up to 2 3 years of age to obtain a powerful root system. Early in the spring, the neck of the stock was unleashed to the level of the first true roots. Next, the rootstock stock was removed by secateurs, leaving a 0.5-0.7 cm stump and usual care was taken until several shoots grew to 10 20 cm from the left hemp. Some of them were removed, leaving the 2 3 most powerful. The advantage was given to shoots, between which there was 180 ^o for two-varietal or 120 ^o for three-varietal. After removing the extra shoots, the stumps were spudded to prevent the growth of additional shoots.

 By the beginning of budding, the shoots reach such a height and thickness that provides budding of various varieties using the kidneys of the current year using any of the existing methods. A two-year-old root system ensures the development of three shoots simultaneously up to 0.6 0.7 m in height and 0.5 0.8 cm in thickness during one growing season. In the course of budding, a tag indicating the grafted variety is fixed on each of the branches.

 In the spring of next year, on those stocks where the development of the cultural escape is normal, they cut the stock on a spike. In the event that any shoot does not develop after budding, in the spring of next year, an additional vaccination with cuttings is carried out.

 The three-year rootstock root system provides for the development of scions up to a height of 1.3–1.5 m and trunk thickness up to 1.3–1.5 cm in a single growing season.

 The present method allows to obtain multi-varietal seedlings with a well-developed root system and good yield.

Claims (1)

 A method for producing seedlings of fruit crops, including growing rootstocks up to 2 3 years of age, releasing the root neck, removing the rootstock stump, growing shoots on the stump, hilling the shoots as they grow, budding the overgrown shoots with the desired variety, characterized in that the stem stock is removed from leaving a hemp 0.5 0.7 cm high from the first real root, budding of two or three growing shoots is carried out by buds of various varieties, and on the undeveloped shoots after budding in the spring of next year, an additional rivivku cuttings.