RU2048739C1 - Method for growing saplings of fruit trees - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: winter hardy trunk is grafted by cutting with buds of a non-winter-hardy long-vegetating variety This cutting is grafted with a cutting of a short-vegetating variety (one bud). EFFECT: higher efficiency. 2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in the production of seedlings of fruit trees with increased winter hardiness.

 Known methods of growing seedlings of fruit trees using the influence of some parts of the seedling (tree) on its other parts. At present, for this purpose, clonal stocks, stumbling-skeleton-forming agents, dwarf inserts affecting the phenotonic signs of grafts and the most important of them winter hardiness are used [1] The possibilities of further increasing the winter hardiness of grafts are now largely exhausted.

 Attempts to influence the scion on the stock are currently very rare, however, one of the methods of such influence is known which serves as a prototype of the present invention [2] According to this method, “phenotypic traits of the stock plant are changed when cambial tissue of the variety is used as the scion, the signs of which they want to convey to the stock plant. "

 However, this method does not significantly increase the winter hardiness of the fruit plant.

 The aim of the invention is to significantly increase the winter hardiness of non-winter-hardy species (varieties) to the level of winter-hardy species (varieties), as well as an economically valuable change in their other properties: early maturity, accelerated ripening of fruits, and an increase in the intensity of their color.

 The goal is achieved by using sleeping buds, cuttings with buds, vegetative shoots of a winter-hardy species (variety) that increase winter hardiness of the stocked part of a tree intended for fruiting as a scion.

 In contrast to the prototype, the influence of vegetative leaves is used, which is significantly stronger than the influence of cambium mentioned in the prototype. To increase the winter hardiness of pome fruits (apple, pear), grafting must be selected for grafting not only highly winter-resistant, but also having a shorter vegetation period than that of the fruiting stock.

 In FIG. 1 shows a vaccination schedule in the “strong influence” position, FIG. 2 in the "weak influence" position.

 The invention is illustrated by the following example of its implementation: lateral growths are removed in a 2-3-year-old seedling of Antonovka. A 5-6-kidney cut of the Beforet B. variety is grafted to the peak A at an altitude of 130-150 cm from the ground level. (In the conditions of the Moscow region, this variety delays the growth of annual shoots, the ends of which freeze the mail every year. However, it has high-quality fruits stored until May and a number of other advantages). A 2-3-kidney stalk of the Grushovka Moskovskaya variety (B) is grafted onto this stalk. (A winter-hardy variety with a relatively short growing season. In the Moscow Region, at the end of July, the variety stops the growth of annual shoots and lays an end bud in them, and drops foliage by early October). Vaccinations are performed by the method of improved copulation.

For better engraftment, a narrow (2.5-3 cm) plastic bag is put on the grafted cuttings, which is tied with a soft braid from the bottom. After engraftment, the package is removed. At the same time, a wooden rail (1x1 cm ² ) (tire) is tied to the cuttings and the stem to prevent breakages due to the large sailing of vegetative vaccinations. After leaf fall, the tire is removed.

 In subsequent years, the tree is formed from four skeletal branches. Beforest, giving them a position close to the horizontal and one vertical branches of the Moscow Grushovka.

 When the above rules for selecting a pair of rootstock bearing fruit scion and performing vaccination as described in the example are fulfilled, the phenotopic effect of the rootstock on the scion is clearly manifested already in the first year. With an equal duration of vegetation or a longer duration in the scion, the stock has a weak effect.

 In FIG. Figure 1 shows the gains of both vaccinations in the "strong influence" position. The growths of the long-growing variety increase with distance from the site of grafting of the short-growing variety. As a rule, the buds of the long-growing cuttings closest to the upper graft are transformed into spears and fruit twigs with fruit buds at the end. Annual growths of a long-growing cuttings stop growing much earlier than without the influence of the scion and have a terminal kidney.

 In case of reverse vaccination, when the long-growing variety is on top (the position of “weak influence”) (see Fig. 2), the insertion of the short-growing cuttings has little effect on the growing season, growth rate and growth dependence on the position. Annual cuttings of a long-growing variety delay growth, do not drop the leaf in time, are poorly prepared for winter; the ends of annual growths regularly freeze in ordinary winters.

When exposed to very low temperatures (below ^-40 °) in December 1978 in the two versions differed sharply magnitude and nature of damage malozimostoykogo dlinnovegetiruyuschego varieties.

 In the variant, the low-grade variety of grafts almost completely froze the annual growth; in the variant, the low-grade variety of stocks, only the end buds of the annual growth rate of the spring 1978 vaccination were damaged.

Claims (2)

 1. METHOD FOR GROWING SEEDLINGS OF FRUIT TREES, including grafting on the original stock of the scion intended for fruiting, the properties of which they want to change, characterized in that a variety intended for vegetation, the properties of which they want to convey to the scion intended for fruiting, are additionally grafted onto the mentioned scion.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a winter-hardy short-growing variety is grafted onto the scion of the seedless, non-resistant, long-growing variety.

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