SU1524848A1 - Method of growing seedlings of fruit cultures and grape - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, namely to fruit growing and viticulture. The aim of the invention is to increase the yield of top-quality seedlings and the possibility of mechanized care of plants. Along a number of mother plants, on both its sides, plow two continuous walls of the earth. The gap between the shafts covered with sawdust. The mother grapes for this method are formed with the ground shoulder of the cordon, which are connected in a single horizontal row. The plowing up of the shafts in the vineyards begins in the autumn after pruning and harvesting the vines, and in the fruit queen plants in the spring. The growing young shoots pass through the layer of sawdust and take root in it. In the fall, the earth shafts are plowed up, sawdust is removed, for example, by blowing, and the rooted seedlings are separated from the mother plant, sorted and placed in storage. Seedlings in this method are obtained without damage with a well-developed root system. The method reduces the need for additional irrigation, since sawdust performs the function of mulch, reducing excessive evaporation.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used to obtain seedlings of fruit crops and grapes.

The aim of the invention is to increase the yield of top-quality seedlings and to provide opportunities for mechanized care of plants.

The method is carried out as follows.

Example 1. Tests of the proposed method for the cultivation of grapes were carried out on a rootstock variety of Berlandieri X Riparina Cabber 5 BB and a graft variety Codreka.

Bushes in a row were placed at a distance of 1 m from each other. Each bush had a ground shoulder of the cordon located on the surface of the soil, and the top of the shoulder of the cordon of each previous bush was grafted to the base of the shoulder of the cordon of each subsequent bush. This achieved the most uniform

development of shoots uterine bushes along the length of the p yes.

In the autumn, after harvesting the vines on the uterine stands, which were carried out by pruning them on the I-2 peephole, along the test rows on both sides of the row, they plowed two shafts of soil, while the shoulders of the bushes of the uterine bushes appeared between them at the base of the shafts. The height of the shafts above the soil level was 25--30 cm. Sawdust was covered with a layer of 15-20 cm between the soil shafts and cord shoulders.

Throughout the winter, the uterine plantations of rootstocks and grafts remained in this state. In the spring, shoots that developed from the eyes that remained after the autumn pruning of the vines easily passed through a layer of sawdust and developed normally during the growing season. In the fall, the soil rollers along the mother cages were otpahan, and sawdust from the bases of the shoots were blown off by a fan. After the root system

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having developed on the basal part of the annual shoots, it was exposed; the shoots were separated by cutting them into 1-2 eyes from the mother plants.

Damage to the root system of the resulting seedlings is not marked.

After harvesting the rooted vines of the undercrop and graft varieties, they were sorted.

The rootstock vines were cut to a length equal to the length of the rootstock of future vineyards, and tied in bunches of 50 each. for storage.

The graft seedlings separated the lower part with the root system (35-40 cm), and the upper part - for the entire ripened length. The lower and upper parts were tied separately into bundles of 50 pcs. and placed in storage.

In the control variant, all operations were carried out on the existing agropravilas. For uterine plantations: in the spring, double hilling (as the shoots develop) by the soil by hand, and in the autumn, with disinfection. The separation of rooted vines, cutting and stacking for storage did not differ from the proposed method.

Control samples showed damage to both the root system and the shoots. The root system was much less developed (by the number of main roots) than in the experimental variant. The quality of planting material was evaluated by their further survival.

Thus, in the winter period, in February, the rooted seedlings of the variety Codru nka were planted in the greenhouse for obtaining an early harvest.

The yield of 310–360 g from each bush was removed from the plants of the experimental variant, and 185–270 g from the control plants.

Example 2. Testing of the method for fruit plants was carried out on the vegetatively propagated rootstock of the MM106 and the varieties of starkrimson.

In the spring, along the mother-tree of the brood plantations of the rootstock, they plowed up two ramparts.

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After that, the space between them was filled with a layer of sawdust of 25-30 cm. Preparation of rooted seedlings was carried out in the autumn after the earth rolls were tipped off and the sawdust removed.

Graft varieties were harvested in a uterine-cutting garden on fruit-bearing trees. As a control, a method conducted according to existing agricultural rules was tested.

The test results are similar to those on grape plants.

Thus, the proposed method allows to fully mechanize the operations of hilling and ridding of uterine plants and contributes to obtaining higher quality seedlings.

In addition, the need for additional irrigation is significantly reduced, since sawdust also performs the function of mulch, reducing excessive evaporation.

Claims (2)

1. A method for producing seedlings of fruit crops and grapes, including laying a queen plant, hilling uterine plants, caring for plants and separating rooted seedlings from mother plants, characterized in that, in order to increase the yield of first-class seedlings and the possibility of mechanized plant care, hilling after uterine plants are trimmed by creating two continuous shafts of soil along rows of plants on both sides, the space between the shafts is covered with sawdust to root them from growing shoots, and the harvesting of rooted seedlings is carried out after untwisting uterine plants and removing sawdust. 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that for grape plants, the hilling of mother plants is carried out in the autumn, and for fruit plants - in the spring.