RU2798511C1 - Tree transplantation methods - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: afforestation and accelerated afforestation.

SUBSTANCE: method includes grafting separate parts of a tree by flat, smooth joining to each other, "trunk to trunk" with the placement of a rod in the axis of the trunk for fixation, according to the invention, at least four rods are additionally installed around the circumference closer to the bark along the trunk periphery, with or without a central rod him. The bark on the graft and rootstock is cut with straps and applied when docked close to a part of the skinned surface of the rootstock and the graft, alternating in a checkerboard pattern.

EFFECT: method provides stability.

1 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The proposed methods relate to the field of afforestation and are proposed for accelerated afforestation.

There are known methods of grafting one type of plant to any part of another plant (tree) in order to impart new properties (usually improved). But with such a graft, the “graft” is attached to any part of the plant (side of the trunk, to any branch, etc.). ). And it is proposed to graft as a whole “trunk to trunk”, using stumps as a stock, incl. elongated (high, about one meter), and connection, docking is possible in various ways.

For example, methods of afforestation by grafting are known (see patent No. 2687747), according to which the top of a felled tree is used as a scion, and the stump of the same tree is used as a rootstock.

There are also various ways of fixing grafts on trees (see patent No. 2658971), according to which, in order to ensure strength and stability, which are especially necessary in the initial period, installation is provided in the middle of the joint of the rod.

The proposed solution uses grafting elements from both of the above patents and, in particular, uses a straight smooth joint - "barrel to barrel". But unlike the already known, a number of new techniques (types) are proposed.

Type 1 In addition to installing the rod in the core of the trunk, several rods should be installed additionally, installed along the periphery of the trunk, around the circumference closer to the bark, while there may be no central rod.

Type 2 Instead of the proposed additional rods mentioned above, it is proposed to make a number of vertical cuts in the bark of the tree at the junction of the trunks and for greater stability, in addition to the central rod, plates of hard material are inserted behind these cuts.

Type 3 Instead of plates, with large diameters, in the same places, for greater stability, staples in the form of metal staples are installed under the bark, in addition to the central rod.

Type 4 Instead of installing plates or staples at the places of cuts, grooves are selected in the body of the tree, into which, instead of plates, freshly skinned rods are inserted, chopped from the branches of trees of the same species, contributing to better engraftment, and growing, subsequently form one whole with the trunk and at the same time for fixation, a central rod or several around the circumference must be installed.

Type 5 Similar to the above, only rods of trees of a different breed, harder species are used.

Type 6 And it is also possible to carry out grafting by direct smooth docking of only the core of the tree, and the bark on the scion and rootstock is cut with tongues - petals and superimposed when docked closely on part of the skinned surface of the rootstock and scion, alternating in a checkerboard pattern, which contributes to better survival and such a graft close to grafting with a “bridge”, but in contrast it can be called “grafting with a half-bridge - tongues, petals”.

Type 7 Perhaps, instead of fixing fastening elements (rods, brackets, plates), tires are temporarily applied, especially with small diameters of the joined trunks.

Type 8 grafting can be done using a combination of various grafting methods from some patents and in particular using type 1 grafting proposed in the present description (flat, smooth joint) while using stumps with a diameter larger than the diameter of the scion with appropriate preparation of the stump, similar from patent No. 2687747.

The above can be called tree transplantation methods, as it is similar to human organ transplantation.

The above is illustrated by drawings, where:

Fig. 1 (for example) shows the fixation with one rod (pos. 1), scion (pos. 3) on the rootstock (pos. 2).

Fig. 2 shows the installation of several (at least 4) rods (pos. 4) additionally, where the designations (pos. 2, pos. 3) are the same, and then, as in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 where (pos. 5) are the plates installed in the cuts (pos. 6). Plates of metal or other solid material can be driven in, long, approximately, along the diameter of the joined trunks, but not less than 100 mm (with a trunk diameter of more than 200 mm, the length can be limited to 0.75 diameters) with a section of 15 mm x 2 mm (for small diameters trunks) up to 40 mm x 4 mm (to be specified empirically).

Fig. 4 instead of plates, it is provided for the installation of brackets (pos. 7) embedded in the tree (the bends of the brackets provide even greater strength of the joint).

Fig. 5 where the central fixing rod (pos. 1) remains, and it is additionally provided for installation in the cuts behind the bark of implanted rods (pos. 8), which, according to the author, accelerates survival and forms a single whole when growing. The rods can be of different breeds.

Fig. 6, initially, for scientific purposes, it would be necessary to graft the tree “on itself”, that is, a tree is selected and cut and immediately docked, which will allow you to quickly work out and master the technique and make sure of the chosen strategies.

And at the same time, at the beginning, you should master the docking by type (see Fig. 6) (according to P. 6 of the formula) - a straight smooth joint (pos. 10) with grafting with “half-bridges - tongues”.

Why, on a tree selected for the experiment (diameter 80-120 mm), at the place of the future joint, a through cut of the bark is made with a jagged zigzag (pos. 11) with an amplitude of about 1.5-2 trunk diameters; the location of the cut (cut) is outlined (pos. 12), the petals (tongues) of the bark incision are carefully bent (up, down) (pos. 13); sawing is performed at the intended (pos. 12) place of the cut. Further, holes (pos. 9) for the pin are drilled into the scion (pos. 3) and into the stock (pos. 2), the pin (pos. 1) is inserted into the stock in the center. And then it is planted, the graft is joined to the stock; bent petals (pos. 13) are restored (applied) to their place and fastened with brackets.

A grafting occurs, which can be called a "half-bridge - tongues."

After vaccination, it is necessary to foam the joint and seams (cuts) to protect against burns and frost.

The proposed methods of transplantation, together with the already mentioned patents, can form a whole direction in the country's forestry, the so-called "forest surgery", and can also be successfully used in botanical gardens, parks, forest parks, and afforestation stations.

All proposed methods must first be tested by organizing research and experimental development (R&D).

Claims (1)

A method of transplantation on trees, which includes grafting individual parts of a tree with a flat, smooth docking to each other, "trunk to trunk" with placing a rod in the axis of the trunk for fixation, characterized in that at least four rods are additionally installed around the circumference closer to the bark along the periphery of the trunk , with or without a central rod, and the bark on the scion and rootstock is cut with tongues - petals and applied when docked close to a part of the skinned surface of the rootstock and scion, alternating in a checkerboard pattern.

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