RU2506739C2 - Method of growing seedlings of fruit crops with intermediate insert - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to fruit growing. When growing seedlings of fruit crops the intermediate weak insert is grafted at 3-4^th year after the establishing of the garden. At that, the grafting is carried out on both sides of the bole with the bridge. After graft concretion the bole bark between the ends of the insert is removed.

EFFECT: method enables to increase the productivity fruiting period and duration of the garden maintenance.

1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to fruit growing, and can be used in the cultivation of grafted seedlings of fruit crops, mainly apple trees to produce dwarf trees on tall (clonal and seed) stocks.

Known methods of growing seedlings with an intermediate insert:

by spring grafting of a vigilant rootstock with a cuttings of a dwarf rootstock and subsequent budding with a variety;

by double winter grafting on a long-stemmed rootstock of the insertion of a dwarf rootstock and variety;

by budding with a variety of layering of dwarf rootstocks in the mother liquor at a height of 20-25 cm and subsequent use of ocular low-growing layering for winter grafting on a vigorous rootstock (see Growing fruit and berry seedlings. V.I. Maydebura, V.M. Vasyuta, I. M. Merezhko, V.V. Burkovsky. Kiev, Harvest, 1984).

All of these methods allow you to get seedlings with an insert, which are then planted in the garden.

The closest technical solution is the method of growing fruit seedlings with an insert by budding the eye of a dwarf stock to a tall rootstock, obtaining an annual seedling and budding on it at a height of 20-25 cm (Growing fruit and berry seedlings. V.I. Maydebur, V.M. Vasyuta, I.M. Merezhko, V.V. Burkovsky, Kiev, Harvest, 1984, p. 136).

The disadvantage of these methods (including the prototype) is that a dwarf insert immediately after planting slows the growth of the fruit plant, which does not allow it to quickly master the allotted airspace, which significantly affects the further productivity of the garden.

The objective of the invention is to increase the period of fruiting productivity and the duration of the operation of the garden.

The task is achieved in that, in contrast to the known prototype, an intermediate dwarf insert is grafted 3-4 years after laying the garden, moreover, the grafting is carried out on both sides of the stem with a bridge and after the grafts are fused together, the bark of the stem between the ends of the insert is removed.

When using the proposed method, the fruit tree quickly within the first 3-4 years develops the air space allotted to it, and in the future, after vaccination with the insert, it is characterized by weak growth, which allows to increase the fruiting productivity and the duration of the garden operation.

World experience convincingly proves that the greatest economic returns are obtained in intensive-type gardens, the foundation of which is weak-growing trees, ensuring commencement of commercial production for 3-4 years, a quick return on investment, a reduction in labor costs, a reduction in the consumption of pesticides and fertilizers, and a shorter life cycle for a garden. Such gardens are possible only when using dwarf dwarf or semi-dwarf vegetatively propagated stocks. However, trees on dwarf rootstocks require the creation of trellises in the garden to keep the plants upright, due to the unreliable anchorness of dwarf rootstocks, which greatly increases the cost of laying a garden.

It is only possible to create an intensive garden without supports if the seedlings are grown with an insert of a dwarf rootstock between a strong or medium rootstock and a variety.

This is possible if trees are planted on a tall rootstock in the garden, and the insert is grafted after 3-4 years without breaking the crown of the tree.

Example.

The method is as follows. Two-year-old trees of the Melba variety grafted on the Antonovka seedling stock, were planted in the garden; for 3 years after planting, they were re-grafted into the lower part of the stem on both sides with cuttings 20–25 cm long of a dwarf rootstock (62-396) with a bridge. After inoculation of the inoculations, the cortex between the inoculations was removed. Removing part of the cortex between the ends of the insert leads to a weakening of the growth force of the fruit tree, resulting in dwarf trees on tall rootstocks.

The length of the annual growth in the control averaged 45 cm; the experimental version was 25 cm.

The proposed method for growing seedlings of fruit crops with an intermediate insert allows you to create an intensive garden with low labor intensity of the growing process, increase the efficiency of the created garden and increase the fruiting productivity period due to the accelerated entry of plants into the fruiting season and the duration of the garden operation.

Claims (1)

A method of growing seedlings of fruit crops with an intermediate dwarf insert, characterized in that the intermediate dwarf insert is grafted 3-4 years after planting the garden, moreover, the grafting is carried out on both sides of the stem with the bridge and after the grafts are fused together, the bark of the stem between the ends of the insert is removed.