RU2072766C1 - Method for training fruit tree crown in intensive plantation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; horticulture. SUBSTANCE: vertical tree branches are trained 60-80 cm in height at intervals of 15-20 cm, and the annual growth is removed every year. Branches with annual growth 40-50 cm are pinched, and the growth is removed after defoliation. EFFECT: higher fruit yield.

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to gardening.

 Known methods for forming the crown of fruit trees, such as palmettes and cordons, in which the skeleton of the crown consists of horizontal branches, on which the branches for fruiting are formed (1). A disadvantage of the known methods is that the crown is formed for 8-9 years, and the branches for bearing fruit form the entire period of operation of the garden by shortening the shoots multiple times during the summer.

 The closest technical solution known is the formation of a crown from two horizontally located and diametrically directed branches, on which vertical branches are formed for fruiting within 1-2 years and then removed (2).

 The disadvantage of this known method is that the trees periodically for 1-2 years do not bear fruit in the period when the vertical branches are removed.

 In addition, not all fruit species and varieties have time to plant flower buds in 1-2 years, and they remove vertical branches without beginning to bear fruit, as a result, the trees never begin to bear fruit.

 The problem to which the invention is directed is to unify the formation of the crown according to one principle in fruit trees of different species (apple, pear, plum, cherry, etc.) in intensive plantations, which reduces the cost of formation, accelerates the entry of trees into the fruiting season, formation fruiting zones at a height of no higher than 1.3-1.5 m, high labor productivity during harvesting with high commercial quality of fruits, use of a unified system of machines and tools for plant care and harvesting harvest in orchards and berry plants.

 The problem is solved by the fact that on one-two-year-old plants form two horizontally located and diametrically directed annual branches, on which vertical branches are formed with an interval of 15-20 cm and a height of 60-80 cm with fruit formations, and pinch growth growth every year in summer when it reaches they are 40-50 cm long and are removed after leaf fall.

 In the regulation of growth and fruiting processes, biological features of fruit trees were used: the organogenesis cycle, which lasts 2-3 years, and the life activity of fruit formations, which ranges from 5 to 10 years, depending on the breed.

 The invention allows to obtain a new technical result, expressed in that the annual removal of shoots keeps the formed habit of the crown unchanged. Strong annual pruning disrupts the correlation between the crown and root system and promotes the growth of powerful shoots with well-developed leaves. They are in the zone of maximum illumination and have a high intensity of photosynthesis, due to which the formation of the crop and the laying of flower buds on fruit formations are mainly ensured (3).

 The claimed technical solution differs from the prototype in that vertical branches are formed on horizontal branches with an interval of 15-20 cm and a height of 60-80 cm with fruit formations, and growth formations are annually removed after leaf fall. Therefore, the claimed technical solution has novelty.

 The claimed technical solution has an inventive step, because It is not obvious to specialists in this field, but is the result of creative actions established by the author in the process of scientific research and experiments on the growth and fruiting of fruit trees of different species.

 The proposed method can be implemented in both industrial and farm and amateur gardening.

 PRI me R. The experiment was conducted at the VSTISP experimental base on apple varieties Antonovka vulgaris, Melba, Lobo, Welsey, on pear varieties Chizhovskaya, Lada, Moskovskaya, on plum varieties Pamyatya Timiryazev, Tula black, Egg blue, on cherry varieties Molodezhnaya, Bagryanaya, Lyubskaya.

 The stock is planted according to the 4x1 m pattern and is oculized by the named varieties. On grafted one-biennial plants formed two horizontally arranged diametrically directed annual branches. The remaining lateral branches and the central conductor were removed. Vertical shoots grew from lateral buds on horizontal branches. In the spring of next year, on the horizontal branches left vertical branches with an interval of 15-20 cm and shortened them at a height of 60-80 cm. The remaining branches were removed. From the lateral buds on the vertical branches, growth and fruit formations were formed.

 In the spring of next year, all growth formations were removed. On fruit formations, flowers bloomed from the fruit buds and received the first fruiting. The newly emerged shoots pinched when they reached a length of 40-50 cm.

 In the spring of next year, the formation of vertical branches was repeated as in the previous year and growth growths were removed. Flowers bloomed from the fruit buds and received the second fruiting, which is shown in the table.

 In the traditional way of crown formation, trees enter the fruiting season at the 5th-7th year and achieve full fruiting at the 10th-12th year. By this time, the height of the trees, depending on the species and variety, reaches 3.5-5 m, and the yield from a tree is from 5.2 to 47.2 kg and from 1 ha from 44 to 196 centners (table).

 To harvest from tall trees you have to use stairs and fruit raisers. This is an additional cost in the organization of harvesting. In addition, eating from stairs reduces productivity and not all fruits become available to tenants and shake them off. As a result, many fruits are not marketable when harvested.

 With the proposed method of crown formation, the trees enter the time of full fruiting in the 4th-5th year and the yield, depending on the breed, reaches 1.5-8.2 kg per tree and from 1 ha from 38 to 205 c. As in all intensive plantings, the yield from the tree with the proposed method of forming the crown decreases as a result of the formation of a small habit of the crown, but when planting up to 2500 trees per 1 ha, the yield increases compared to the traditional method of forming the crown. The height of the trees is 1.3-1.5 m, which allows you to remove all the fruits from the ground with high productivity and high commercial qualities.

 The proposed method of crown formation makes it possible to apply dense planting of trees as well as berry bushes in intensive plantations and to unify the system of machines for caring for plants and harvesting in orchards and berry bushes and to reduce energy consumption and energy consumption for cars and implements.

Claims (3)

 1. A method of forming a crown of fruit trees in intensive plantings, including forming a crown in one-, two-year-old seedlings of two horizontally arranged and diametrically directed branches and vertical branches with fruit formations, characterized in that the vertical branches are formed with an interval of 15 to 20 cm and a height of 60 80 cm with annual removal of growth growth.  2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the growth education pinch upon reaching a length of 40 to 50 cm  3. The method according to p. 2, characterized in that the growth formation after leaf fall annually removed.

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