RU2216919C2 - Intensive garden cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, horticulture. SUBSTANCE: method involves planting rootstocks in garden on permanent rootstock growing place with following budding and bending of side annual branches of 60 cm length; restricting crown forming to 4-5 m branching succession. Method allows crowns with early fruiting to be formed and fast yield increase to be provided. EFFECT: reduced cost of planting and crown formation and increased efficiency. 2 cl, 1 tbl, 1 ex

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to gardening.

 Known methods of cultivating intensive gardens with a dense planting of seedlings and the formation of crowns such as palmettes and cordons. A disadvantage of the known methods is that intensive gardens with a tight planting are laid on clonal stocks that cannot grow in various agro-climatic zones due to poor winter hardiness and drought tolerance when the root system is superficially covered. On a seed stock that has a deep-seated root system, varieties later bear fruit, only by 8-10 years, they slowly increase their yield, only by 15-20 years of growth, they have large crowns (see Trusevich G.V. Intensive gardening. M ., Rosselkhozizdat, 1978, p. 93, 123-129).

 The closest technical solution known is the planting of seedlings and the formation of a crown from two horizontally located and diametrically directed branches and vertical branches with fruit formations (see RF patent 2072766, 1994, class A 01 G 1/00, bull. 4, 1997. The method of forming the crown of fruit trees in intensive plantations - prototype).

 The disadvantage of this known method is that seedlings of varieties, especially grafted on seed stock, when digging from the nursery, retain few absorbing roots and when planted in the garden at a constant place of growth, they only root for 1-2 years, do not have active growth, weakly branch and delay the beginning of the formation of the crown and the entry of trees into fruiting with a quick increase in yield.

 The problem to which the invention is directed, is to provide conditions for active growth and branching of the crown in the early years of cultivation, allowing the formation of crowns with early fruiting and rapid yield growth, the formation of a fruiting zone at a height of no higher than 1.3-1.5 m , reducing the cost of planting a garden and forming a crown, and high labor productivity in harvesting with high commercial quality of fruits, reducing the consumption of pesticides when used effectively on small trees.

 The problem is solved in that in the method of cultivating an intensive garden, including planting plants and forming a crown from two diametrically directed and horizontally arranged branches and vertical branches with fruit formations, stocks are planted in the garden at a constant place of growth, followed by their budding and bending of the annual side branches more than 60 cm long.

 In addition, the task is solved in that the formation of the crown is limited to the 4-5th branching order.

 The biological features of fruit trees were used in the regulation of growth and fruiting processes: active growth and branching of the crown in the first years of growth of grafted plants, the formation of fruit formations on branches from the third branching order.

 The invention allows to obtain a new technical result, expressed in the fact that when planting in a garden at a constant place of growing rootstocks, they are rooted in the soil before the budding of the variety and the grafted plants start growing already on the rooted rootstock, so that in the first years of growth they have an active growth and branching of the crown.

 The claimed technical solution differs from the prototype in that rootstocks are planted in the garden at a constant place of growth, followed by their budding and bending of the annual side branches longer than 60 cm. Therefore, the claimed technical solution has novelty.

 The claimed technical solution has an inventive step, as it is not obvious to specialists in this field, but is the result of creative actions established by the authors in the process of scientific research and experiments on the growth and fruiting of apple trees.

 The proposed method of cultivating an intensive garden can be implemented in both industrial and farm and amateur gardening.

 Example. The experiment was conducted on the experimental base of VSTISP on the seed stock of the Antonovka vulgaris apple tree and varieties grafted on it: Spartan, Zhigulevskoye, Veteran, Spartak, RL-7, Kulikovskoye, DA-6517, which differ in early maturity, growth rate and type of fruiting.

 In the spring of 1994, stocks were planted in the garden at a permanent place of growth according to a 4x1.5 m pattern with a planting density of 1667 trees per 1 ha and in a nursery for growing seedlings. In the summer they spent their budding varieties. In autumn 1995, annual plants were dug from the nursery and planted in the garden according to the same pattern. Repeat 5-fold, in the experiment of 70 trees.

 During the branching of the crown, two annual annual branches diametrically directed toward the row were selected, more than 60 cm long and tied up in a horizontal position to the stakes installed in a row at a distance of 50-60 cm from the stem. The remaining lateral branches and the central conductor were removed. Vertical shoots grew from lateral buds on horizontal branches. In the summer, with a fixed position of horizontal branches, the stakes were removed.

 In the spring of 1997, vertical branches with an interval of 15–20 cm were left on horizontal branches and shortened at a height of 60–80 cm, and all small growing branches were preserved. In summer, formations of the 3-4th branching order, capable of laying fruit buds, were formed on all branches.

 In the spring of 1998, all new growth formations growing vertically were removed and the growth formations growing horizontally were preserved, on which formations of the 4th-5th branching order were formed in the summer, laying fruit buds.

 In subsequent years, all newly appearing growth formations were removed and branches of no higher than 5th branching order were retained, having fruit buds and maintaining active growth, the necessary conditions for the formation of a high-quality commodity crop, and the fruiting zone is formed at a height of no higher than 1.3-1, 5 m

 With the well-known method of cultivating an intensive garden, all varieties came into fruition on the 7th year after planting stocks in the nursery and, on average, the total yield was 3.1 kg per tree and 5.2 tons per 1 ha, and the maximum yield was for the variety Spartak 9.5 t from 1 ha.

 With the proposed method of cultivating an intensive garden, most varieties came into fruition 2 years earlier and the average yield for the varieties was 9.1 kg per tree and 15.2 tons per 1 ha, and the maximum yield was for DA-6517 and amounted to 29 t from 1 ha. The effectiveness of the proposed method of cultivating an intensive garden was 292%, and for individual varieties 533%.

 The invention is illustrated in the table.

Claims (2)

1. A method of cultivating an intensive garden, including planting and the subsequent formation of the crown of each tree from two diametrically directed and horizontally located branches and vertical branches with fruit formations, characterized in that the stocks are planted in the garden at a constant place of growth with their subsequent budding, and formation crowns begin with bending of the side branches longer than 60 cm. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the formation of the crown is limited to 4-5 m branching order.

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