RU2793814C1 - Method for shaping the crown of fruit cherry trees - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to horticulture. Method includes the stages of pruning cherry seedlings grafted on slow-growing VSL-2 rootstock and shaping the crown of the annual seedling. In the fruiting period, the stem area of the formed buds and shoots is cleaned, the fast-growing, vertically growing shoots are spur-pruned with systematic renewal. A crown is shaped for the annual unbranched seedling at a height of 1.5 m from the soil level. In the first year after the seedlings take and the buds are formed, the stem area is cleaned to a height of 1.2 to 1.3 m above the soil level. The upper extension shoot in the crowning area is ring-pruned, removing one or two vertical adjacent buds. In the vegetation period, shoots that have reached a length of 60 to 80 cm are bent downwards and tied to the stem with twine. In the spring of the second year, before the beginning of the vegetation period, the tying twine is removed, the stem area is cleared of newly-formed buds and shoots, the fast-growing, vertically growing shoots are spur-pruned to 2–3 cm and left to grow freely. In the spring of the third and fourth years of growing, crown shaping, and in the vegetation period from June to August, green operations are not performed. In the winter and spring period, prior to budding, the fast-growing, vertically growing shoots are pruned on all branches in the crown. In the fifth and sixth years, when the trees begin bearing and the shoots grow noticeably slower, the crown is no longer shaped, the fast-growing, vertically growing shoots continue to be spur-pruned in the entire crown, while dry, broken, and damaged branches and spurs are removed.

EFFECT: creation of an easily shaped and pruned crown, annual regular fruit-bearing with high fruit quality, lower labour intensity of care for the planted trees.

1 cl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to horticulture, is intended for the creation of fast-growing, high-intensity orchards and can be used for growing fruit trees on low-growing rootstocks.

A known method for the formation of crowns of fruit trees, including periodic pruning of branches in rows of trees after the first year of fruiting alternately in one and the other half of the crown (RU 2102863). the same volume in the other half, while the crowns are thinned out 20-30% of the number of branches of all orders, including perennial ones. The method is laborious and requires the annual removal of growth formations.

There is also known a method of forming the crown of fruit trees in intensive gardens, which includes a combination of tiered placement of skeletal branches and the formation of semi-skeletal branches and overgrown branches on them by green operations (RU 2045153). In the first year, three skeletal branches of the first order are laid, removing growth shoots with an angle of departure less than 50 ° and pinching those directed at a right angle towards the row spacing. In the second and subsequent years, similarly to the branches of the first tier, one skeletal branch of the second, third and fourth tiers is laid, placing them in an ascending spiral. This method allows you to increase labor productivity during harvesting, but other operations remain laborious. A known method of forming the crown of fruit trees in intensive plantations, which involves the formation of the crown of one-, two-year-old seedlings from two horizontally located and diametrically directed vertical branches with fruit formations (RU 2072766). At the same time, vertical branches are formed with an interval of 15-20 cm and a height of 60-80 cm with the annual removal of their growth formations when they reach a certain length. The method is laborious and requires the annual removal of growth formations when they reach a certain length.

The disadvantages of the known shape of the crown are: when choosing vigorous varieties with high shoot-forming ability, labor costs for pruning and caring for plantings increase, crown shading occurs, which will lead to a decrease in yield and fruit quality. The objective of the claimed invention is to create a low-volume compact crown for intensive plantings with a high planting density on a low-growing rootstock VSL 2.

The claimed invention will make it possible to create a simple crown in shaping and trimming. Features of the formation and selection of early-growing variety-rootstock combinations provide annual regular fruiting with high quality fruits, reduce the total amount of labor costs for caring for such plantations. The small size of the trees allows the creation of unsupported intensive stands with a high planting density of 1000 trees per hectare and above.

Shaping will significantly reduce the labor costs of caring for the crown when pruning trees, when harvesting.

The task is solved by forming a crown on a high stem by cutting off an unbranched one-year-old seedling, which is called the Crimean High Stem.

The formation of the "Crimean high-stem" crown begins with the crowning of an unbranched one-year-old seedling at a height of one and a half meters from the soil level. In the first year after the survival of seedlings and the awakening of the kidneys, they clean up the trunk zone with a height of 1.2 m to 1.3 m above the soil level. In the crown zone (the remaining 20-30 cm, which is higher than the bole zone), the upper shoot of the extension is removed “on the ring” and next to it one or two vertically located buds.

During the growing season, shoots that have reached a length of 60-80 cm are bent down and tied with twine to the trunk. Preference is given to shoots that are closer to the plane of the row and in opposite directions. The deviation of the shoots allows you to speed up the process of wood ripening, helps to limit upward growth activity, good laying of the fruit bud and accelerated fruiting. Until the end of the year, shoots on trees grow in a fixed form.

In the spring of the second year, before the beginning of the growing season, the fixation twine is removed, on the supposed permanent branches, the area of the bole of newly awakened buds and shoots is cleaned, vigorous vertically growing shoots are cut out “on a knot” with a systematic rejuvenation of 2-3 cm and left to grow freely. During the growing season - June-August, there is no need for any green operations.

In the spring of the third and fourth years of cultivation, the formation of the crown practically does not differ; the active growth of overgrown fruit wood on skeletal branches continues. In the winter-spring period, before bud break, vigorous, vertically growing shoots are pruned on all branches in the crown. During these periods, on the "knots" of the regrown shoots, there is an active growth of fruit formations, the trees begin to bear fruit. In the fifth and sixth years, when the trees begin to bear fruit, the growth of the shoots noticeably weakens, the formation of the crown ends. In winter, pruning of vigorous vertically growing shoots “on a knot” continues with systematic rejuvenation throughout the crown, dry, broken and damaged branches and knots are removed. During the fruiting period, the zone of the trunk of awakened buds and shoots is cleaned.

After completing the stages of crown formation and obtaining two or three full-fledged crops, it is necessary to trim two- or three-year-old wood on permanent branches and overgrown wood in order to coordinate and maintain the shape of the crown in the given parameters. Such pruning in gardens should be carried out once every 4-5 years. The method ensures regular fruiting with high fruit quality.

Claims (1)

A method for crown formation of cherry fruit trees, including pruning cherry seedlings grafted onto VSL-2 low-growing rootstocks, and forming a crown of an annual seedling, characterized in that during the fruiting period, the stem zone of awakened buds and shoots is cleaned, cutting out vigorous, vertically growing shoots "on knot" with systematic rejuvenation, a one-year-old unbranched seedling is crowned at a height of 1.5 m from the soil level; the continuation shoot is removed “on the ring” and next to one or two vertically located buds, during the growing season, the shoots that have reached a length of 60-80 cm are bent down and tied with twine to the trunk; in the spring of the second year, before the start of the growing season, the fixation twine is removed, the bole area of newly awakened buds and shoots is cleaned, vigorous, vertically growing shoots “on a knot” 2-3 cm are cut out and left to grow freely; in the spring of the third and fourth years of growing the formation of the crown, during the growing season - June-August - green operations are not carried out, in the winter-spring period before bud break, vigorous, vertically growing shoots are pruned on all branches in the crown; in the fifth and sixth years, when the trees begin to bear fruit, the growth of the shoots noticeably weakens, the formation of the crown ends, they continue pruning the vigorous, vertically growing shoots throughout the crown, dry, broken and damaged branches and knots are removed.