RU2791328C1 - Method for accelerated cultivation of peach seedlings on clonal rootstock - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular, to fruit farming, and can be used in the propagation of the planting material of drupe cultures in sections of a nursery. Method includes double inoculation of grown annual shoots of rootstock and rooting of the grafted cuttings. Double or triple inoculation is performed on grown annual shoots at a mutual distance of 27 to 30 cm. A month after the inoculation and revision of the graft survival, the second and the following inoculations are cut for budding, wherein the resulting cuttings are planted in the propagation beds according to the layout of the first field of the nursery in a 70×20 cm pattern. The inoculated cuttings are tied into bundles and placed with the lower ends 2–3 cm in an aqueous solution of a rhizogenesis stimulator – indole-butyric acid at a concentration of 75 mg/l for at least 12 hours of exposure. After removal, the rootstocks are washed under running water and packed in boxes laid with wet woodchips for stratification, wherein the stratification is performed at a temperature of 18 to 24 °C until a circular callus is formed. After root buds appear, the cuttings should be planted so as not to allow damage to the resulting roots.

EFFECT: ensured use of lignified shoots of rootstocks for accelerated reproduction thereof with simultaneous growing of seedlings thereon.

1 cl, 3 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to horticulture, is intended for creating early-growing, high-intensity orchards and can be used for propagating clonal peach rootstocks with lignified cuttings and growing seedlings from them.

A known method of growing seedlings of fruit crops on clonal rootstocks, which involves planting cuttings of rootstocks in the first field of the nursery and their budding (RU 2270556). Seedlings in the mother-cutting garden are planted horizontally, then the cuttings of clonal rootstocks are grafted on the side shoots that have developed on the mother-cutting trees so that the lower part of the cutting 5-10 cm is in the soil. EFFECT: invention makes it possible to increase the yield of seedlings on clonal rootstocks per unit area of the nursery, reduce the time for obtaining branched standard seedlings, and reduce labor intensity.

Also known is a method of accelerated propagation of deficient rootstocks (RU 2153796), which includes grafting in early spring simultaneously with planting a cutting of a deficient rootstock. The stalk of a scarce stock is planted obliquely to a non-deficient rootstock at an angle of 30° and is grafted with the apical part onto a non-deficient stock at a height of 8-12 cm from the soil. The cuttings of the deficient rootstock are fed at the expense of the non-deficient rootstock. After the rooting of the basal part of the cutting, it is cut off from the rootstock and planted in the mother liquor, and the stock is grafted again into the root collar to obtain a seedling. The invention allows to reduce labor costs.

A known method of growing seedlings, which involves grafting seedlings by double budding, followed by rooting (RU 2265990). Budding is carried out while maintaining the polarity of the occulant, to obtain seedlings with a horizontal root system, rooting is carried out with the separation of the cutting from the seedling together with the bud and shoot of the mother plant. From the rest of the occluded seedling, seedlings with a vertical root system are obtained. Cultivation of seedlings is carried out around the clock in protected ground conditions at 70% humidity and a temperature of 17-18°C for 25-30 days. EFFECT: invention makes it possible to obtain vegetatively propagated seedlings by the method of double budding, differing in morphophysiological types of the root system, which predetermines the habitus, productivity and decorativeness of plants.

The objective of the claimed invention is to ensure the continuous reproduction of clonal peach rootstocks and the simultaneous cultivation of seedlings from them in the same field.

The claimed invention, due to accelerated reproduction and simultaneous cultivation of seedlings on clonal rootstocks, will reduce the area of the nursery, the area of the mother liquor, and increase the economic efficiency of the production of seedlings.

Accelerating the reproduction of clonal rootstocks and growing seedlings on them will significantly reduce the total amount of labor costs for caring for such plantations.

The task is solved through the use of some elements of double budding of regrown shoots of rootstocks and rooting of grafted cuttings, which is called "ACPED GROWING PEACH SEEDLINGS ON CLONE ROOTSTOCKS"

The formation of "ACPED GROWING OF PEACH SEEDLINGS ON CLONE ROOTSTOCK" begins with the fact that in autumn in the uterine-cutting garden, lignified cuttings of clonal rootstocks for peach Kuban 2, Kuban 86, VVA 1 are cut into a length of 23-25 cm and a thickness of 6.5-10 mm . On the handle under the kidney, a lower oblique cut is made, and the upper straight cut is 2 mm above the kidney. On regrown annual shoots, double or triple budding is carried out at a distance of 27-30 cm from each other. In the autumn, after the revision of the survival rate of budding, the second and next buddings are cut by eye and cuttings are obtained, which are planted in breeding ridges according to the scheme of the first field of the nursery 70 × 20 cm. butyric acid at a concentration of 75 mg/l. The exposure of the cuttings in the solution is at least 12 hours. The solution should cover the cuttings by 2-3 cm. After processing the base of the cuttings, extracting the rootstocks from it, they are washed with running water and packed in boxes with moistened sawdust for stratification at a temperature of 18-24 ° C and a humidity of 65-75% until a circular callus. When root tubercles appear, cuttings must be planted to prevent damage to the resulting roots. Subject to these requirements, the survival rate of grafted cuttings is 54-72%. The yield of seedlings is 44-52%. Cuttings intended for spring planting are placed in polyethylene bags, tied tightly and stored in refrigerators at 0°C until planting in the field.

In autumn, the cuttings are planted in breeding ridges according to the scheme 40x10 cm. The survival rate of VVA 1 is 57%, Kuban 2 is 71% and Kuban 86 is 81%. The height of plants by the end of the growing season is by rootstocks, respectively: 31-45 cm, 46-63, 49-80 cm (Table 1). The root system of 92% of rootstocks is well developed. The survival rate is 96-98%. 82-86% are suitable for budding. Rootstocks are budded in July-August. The survival rate of the eyes according to the autumn revision is 85-92%. In the spring, in the second field of the nursery, the percentage of safety of the grafted eyes after overwintering is determined.

In the first field of the nursery, the height of the shoots of the Kuban 2 and Kuban 86 rootstocks by the period of budding reached 90-100 cm, VVA 1 - 70-80 cm. The diameter of the shoot was 8-11 mm. Budding is carried out with two or three eyes in the generally accepted terms. In the southern regions, this period is quite extended in time, the second half of June - the beginning of September. The first bud is grafted at a height of 18-20 cm from the soil surface, the second 30 cm from the first, the third 30 cm from the second. The survival rate of buds is 89-92% (Table 2). The output of seedlings is 64-66 thousand pieces/ha. Kuban 2 and Kuban 86 give 87% of standard seedlings, VVA-1-65%. This is explained by the strength of the growth of rootstocks. The second budding is carried out 30 cm from the first, the third 30 cm from the second.

A month after the budding, an autumn revision of the survival rate of the eyes is carried out. The grafted parts of the shoots are separated from the mother plant together with the budding bud, making a cut 2 mm higher than the budding. The cuttings are tied in bunches of 25 pieces, treated with growth stimulants according to the above scheme, stratified and planted in the same area, that is, in the first field of the nursery. The survival rate of the eyes is 89-92%. The survival rate of budded cuttings is 54-72%. The yield of additional seedlings grown by the accelerated method is 44-52%. The share of the standard is 42-87% or 13.1 thousand units. seedlings for rootstock VVA 1 and 29.5 -32.1 thousand pieces. in the Kuban (Table 3).

Claims (1)

A method for the accelerated cultivation of peach seedlings on clonal rootstocks Kuban 2, Kuban 86 and VVA 1, which includes double budding of regrown annual shoots of rootstocks and rooting of grafted cuttings, characterized in that double or triple budding is carried out on regrown annual shoots at a distance of 27-30 cm from each other, and a month after budding and revision of the survival rate, the second and next buddings are cut by eye and cuttings are obtained, which are planted in breeding beds according to the scheme of the first field of the nursery according to the scheme 70 × 20 cm; budded cuttings are tied into bundles and placed with their lower ends 2-3 cm into an aqueous solution of a rhizogenesis stimulator - indolyl-butyric acid at a concentration of 75 mg / l, exposure - at least 12 hours; after extracting the rootstocks from it, they are washed with running water and packed in boxes with wet sawdust for stratification, which is carried out at a temperature of 18-24 ° C until a circular callus is formed, when root tubercles appear, the cuttings must be planted to prevent damage to the resulting roots.