CN103210793A - Single-stock and multi-scion grafting seedling culturing method of oil camellia - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a single-stock and multi-scion grafting seedling culturing method of oil camellia. The single-stock and multi-scion grafting seedling culturing method comprises the following steps of selecting seeds, accelerating germination, culturing thick seedling stocks, preparing garden land, setting up a sun shelter, collecting scions, grafting, planting, removing tiller buds, and managing plants after grafting, wherein the grafting step specifically comprises the following substeps of cutting a stock: digging out stock seedlings, cutting off each stock seedling below a newly grown cotyledon to remove a growth point, and longitudinally cutting three incisions at different positions on the incision of each cotyledon from top to bottom; cutting the scions: respectively cutting two sides of the lower end of each scion growing bud once to form a wedge-shaped cutting scion, and cutting off the upper end of each scion growing bud by leveling with the bud so as to cut off 1/2 of bud leaf and reserve a half of the bud leaf of each cut scion to form a wedge-shaped cutting scion with the half leaf and one bud; and embedding and binding the scions: inserting each cut scion into a first incision, a second incision and a third incision of each stock, binding up and fixing the incisions to form a grafted seedling with one stock and three buds, and cutting off a part of main root from 1/3 of each seedling rootstock to finish the seedling culture. According to the single-stock and multi-scion grafting seedling culturing method of the oil camellia, which is disclosed by the invention, the tree-shape culture time of the oil camellia can be effectively saved by 1-2 years, the fruiting time of the oil camellia is shortened by 1-2 years, and the culture economic benefit is improved.

Description

The tea oil tree grafting seedlings-growing method of the many scion of a kind of single stock

[technical field]

The invention belongs to the woody plant grafting seedlings-growing method, particularly, is the tea oil tree grafting seedlings-growing method of the many scion of a kind of single stock.

[background technology]

Oil tea is the high-quality woody oil tree species that originates in China, and oil tea oil nutritive value is high, is described as " east olive oil ".China widelys popularize the plantation of tea oil tree always in recent years, but the main cause that the restriction tea oil tree is promoted is long from cultivating fruit-growing time, and it is long that especially the tree type is formed the time.Adopt the grafting of the existing sprout stock camellia seedling grafting breeding method branch of can only growing then, promote sprouting of lateral bud to grow into second, third even the 4th side shoot by the pinching method in 1 year.Or after grafting is transplanted to the land for growing field crops then or the method for doing surely by pinching in 1 year, promote sprouting of lateral bud to grow into second, third even the 4th side shoot.When 2-4 collateral generation arrives to a certain degree by the time, prune the tree type of forming.If the side shoot that grows out after the pinching surpasses 3, then to cut off unnecessary branch once more, stay 3 favorably situated shoot growths.Tree type shaping time is long to the end from growing seedlings, and needs for 2 to 3 years.The operation of fields such as intermediate demand pinching, beta pruning, it is many to take a lot of work.The growth position of 3 growth branches that stay is wanted rationally could form desirable tree type, the specification requirement height of operation.And the tree type is formed every prolongation of time 1-2, and the time has a strong impact on the economic well-being of workers and staff of plantation tea oil tree with regard to corresponding postponement 1-2 to tea oil tree as a result.

[summary of the invention]

The invention provides the tea oil tree grafting seedlings-growing method of the many scion of a kind of single stock, can accelerate tea oil tree tree type and form, method is simple, easy to operate.

For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:

The tea oil tree grafting seedlings-growing method of the many scion of a kind of single stock comprises seed selection vernalization, cultivates sturdy bud anvil, prepares ground, garden, builds cool canopy, gathers scion, grafting, plants, removes the tiller bud and connects the back management, and the method for described grafting comprises:

Cut stock: dig out the anvil seedling, below newborn cotyledon, locate to cut off, remove growing point, vertically cut out first otch from top to bottom in incision then, lower end with first otch is a benchmark, oblique skew distance to a declared goal vertically cuts out second otch, is benchmark with the lower end of second otch, and oblique skew distance to a declared goal vertically cuts out three cuts;

Cut scion: respectively cut a cutter in scion growth both sides, bud lower end, form the wedge shape plugged ear, cut disconnectedly at the neat bud in growth bud upper end, bud-leaf is pruned 1/2, each plugged ear is stayed blade half, forms the wedge shape plugged ear of " half leaf, one bud ";

The wrapping of embedding fringe: first otch, second otch and the three cuts of stock inserted in the scion that will cut, and be fixing in the interface wrapping then, forms an anvil three bud graftings, and 1/3 place cuts the part main root at bud anvil root.

Beneficial effect of the present invention:

Adopt grafting method of the present invention, can when grafting, just form three growth side shoots that growth position is suitable,, removed field operations such as pinching, beta pruning from owing to there is not main bud; Just fixed last tree type during from grafting, shaping time is 1 year, and speed is given birth to; The centre does not need unnecessary field operation, saving of labor; The growth position of three growth branches has been controlled well during grafting, can directly form desirable tree type, and technology is simple; The tree type is formed 1-2 ahead of time, can do sth. in advance 1-2 as a result, has improved the economic well-being of workers and staff of plantation tea oil tree.

These characteristics of the present invention and advantage will embodiment below in detailed exposure.

[embodiment]

Below in conjunction with the embodiment of the invention technical scheme of the present invention is explained and illustrated, but following embodiment being the preferred embodiments of the present invention only, is not whole.Based on the embodiment in the embodiment, those skilled in the art belong to protection scope of the present invention at following other embodiment that obtains of the prerequisite of not making creative work.

The tea oil tree grafting seedlings-growing method of the many scion of single stock, concrete steps are as follows:

Seed selection vernalization: dry in the shade after the green oil tea fruit is gathered, filter out large seed, the per kilogram seed is below 400, is housed in the damp sand after sterile-processed, covers film vernalization;

Cultivate sturdy bud anvil: on the bud bed, add the thick wet sand in 5 centimetres of left and right sides of lid layer the first tenday period of a month in May, spilt warm water one time, cultivate sturdy bud anvil every 2-3 days;

Prepare ground, garden: select landform smooth, illumination abundance, the land for growing field crops or non-irrigated native easily of arranging, pour water as ground, garden.Plough deeply whole ground in the late April or the first tenday period of a month in May,, dredge native work bed, about 1.2 meters of bedsides then in conjunction with 50 kilograms in every mu of basal dressing lime, 50 kilograms of composite fertilizers wholely; After the seedbed performs, preferably cover one deck yellow soil,, require bed surface smooth to reduce weed growth;

Build cool canopy: set up cool canopy on the seedbed, the frame that shades is high 1.5 to 2 meters.Simultaneously, the seedbed covers common plastic film;

Gather scion, select leaf bud full, anosis worm harm, well-grown annual semi-lignified branch is done scion;

Grafting time: treat that generally stock is used for grafting when growing into more than 15 centimetres, usually mid-May to late June.

Grafting: cut stock, dig out the anvil seedling, flush away silt is located to cut off below newborn cotyledon, removes growing point, vertically cuts out first otch from top to bottom in the incision centre then, and otch is about 1cm; Lower end with first otch is a benchmark, oblique 60 degree, and about downwards 1cm place vertically cuts out second otch, and incision length is 0.5cm, and bevel angle is 30 degree; Lower end with second otch is a benchmark, oblique 60 degree, and about downwards 1cm place vertically cuts out three cuts, and incision length is 0.5cm, and bevel angle is 30 degree; Cut scion, respectively cut a cutter in scion growth both sides, bud lower end, form the wedge shape plugged ear, cut disconnectedly at the neat bud in growth bud upper end, bud-leaf is pruned 1/2, each plugged ear is stayed blade half, forms the wedge shape plugged ear of " half leaf, one bud ".

Embedding fringe wrapping is inserted first otch, second otch and the three cuts of stock with the scion of cutting, and guarantees that cambium joins, and is fixing with the wrapping of aluminium leather strap at interface then, forms an anvil three bud graftings, and 1/3 place cuts the part main root at bud anvil root.

Plant: the nursery stock that grafting is good is planted into seedbed or seedling-growing container, spills once permeable after the plantation.

Remove the stock shoot: in time remove the tiller bud of sprouting on the stock then.

Connect the back management: Routine Management, survival rate are more than 90%, and grafting wood just can form 2-3 branch then, go out the garden up to grafting wood and sell.

Above grafting method has just formed three growth side shoots that growth position is suitable when grafting, owing to there is not main bud, removed field operations such as pinching, beta pruning from; Just fixed last tree type during from grafting, shaping time is 1 year, and speed is given birth to; The centre does not need unnecessary field operation, saving of labor; The growth position of three growth branches has been controlled well during grafting, can directly form desirable tree type, and technology is simple.

Claims (1)

1. the tea oil tree grafting seedlings-growing method of the many scion of a single stock comprises seed selection vernalization, cultivates sturdy bud anvil, prepares ground, garden, builds cool canopy, gathers scion, grafting, plants, removes the tiller bud and connects the back management, and it is characterized in that: the method for described grafting comprises:

Cut stock: dig out the anvil seedling, below newborn cotyledon, locate to cut off, remove growing point, vertically cut out first otch from top to bottom in incision then, lower end with first otch is a benchmark, oblique skew distance to a declared goal vertically cuts out second otch, is benchmark with the lower end of second otch, and oblique skew distance to a declared goal vertically cuts out three cuts;

Cut scion: respectively cut a cutter in scion growth both sides, bud lower end, form the wedge shape plugged ear, cut disconnectedly at the neat bud in growth bud upper end, bud-leaf is pruned 1/2, each plugged ear is stayed blade half, forms the wedge shape plugged ear of " half leaf, one bud ";

The wrapping of embedding fringe: first otch, second otch and the three cuts of stock inserted in the scion that will cut, and be fixing in the interface wrapping then, forms an anvil three bud graftings, and 1/3 place cuts the part main root at bud anvil root.