CN102804997A - Grafting and seedling-cultivating method for Theaceae plant - Google Patents
Grafting and seedling-cultivating method for Theaceae plant Download PDFInfo
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- CN102804997A CN102804997A CN2012102951642A CN201210295164A CN102804997A CN 102804997 A CN102804997 A CN 102804997A CN 2012102951642 A CN2012102951642 A CN 2012102951642A CN 201210295164 A CN201210295164 A CN 201210295164A CN 102804997 A CN102804997 A CN 102804997A
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Abstract
The invention provides a grafting and seedling-cultivating method for a Theaceae plant. A grafting and seedling-cultivating manner of the grafting and seedling-cultivating method is that seeds of the Theaceae plant are refrigerated; pre-germination is conducted in due time according to the shoot growing condition of a scion supply plant at every time, and the pre-germinated seeds are cultivated into root stocks in a seedling cultivating container; and a root stock 1.2 to 2.0mm in diameter is selected, and the upper end of the root stock is cut off at a distance of 3 to 5cm from the ground, so as to graft the root stock. The method provided by the invention is particularly suitable for the grafting and seedling cultivation of oil camellia and has the advantages that the grafting can be realized for multiple times within one year, so that the seedling cultivation cost is effectively reduced; through selecting and grafting appropriate root stock materials, the grafting survival rate is effectively increased; and through appropriately controlling conditions of pre-germination, seedling cultivation, and the like, the seedling cultivation period is effectively shortened.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, be specifically related to the method that a kind of plant graft is grown seedlings.
Background technology
Grafting is one of artificial alimentation propagation method of plant, and it is branch or bud a plant species, and grafting makes two parts that are connected together grow up to a complete plant on the stem or root of another plant.The cambium of scion and stock is combined closely, become to live to guarantee scion.The branch or the bud that connect are called scion, and the plant corpus that is connect is called stock or platform wood.
The propagation method of oil tea grafting be branch grafting with good elite stand to oil tea seedling anvil with main root, and produce callus through the cambial cell that anvil, fringe otch connect face, making is bonded with each other becomes unified new plant.At present; The oil tea propagation by grafiting method that China mainly adopts; Study successfully " grafting of oil-tea sprout anvil " method by Inst. of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry Sciences the seventies in 20th century, this method has improved grafting survival rate and the reproductive efficiency of oil tea greatly, but along with in the long-term production practice; Some factor is restricting the penetration and promotion of graft seedling growth technology and the Application and Development energetically of oil tea breeding propagation by grafiting seedling: 1, traditional grafting seedlings-growing method; Need be put in desktop to stock from husky bed taking-up and carry out grafting, this method is comparatively serious to the injury of root system, and root system needs the long time recover growth; 2, the control of the rugosity of stock seed development is difficult in traditional graft seedling growth, has influenced grafting efficiency; 3, plant traditionally and grow seedlings, in the lifting process, destroyed the root system of plant, influenced the afforestation survival rate of going up a hill; 4, the cultivation of stock receives the certain hour restriction, is confined to spring, has limited the breeding and seedling time.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is deficiency, a kind of novel plant of theaceae grafting seedlings-growing method is provided to existing graft seedling growth technology.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of plant of theaceae grafting seedlings-growing method; This method is that the plant of theaceae seed is refrigerated; Supply with plant according to scion and take out the in good time vernalization of tip situation at every turn; Seed after the vernalization is cultivated into stock in container for plant growth, choose the stock that leading thread is 1.2 ~ 2.0mm, cut the upper end at liftoff 3~5cm place and carry out grafting.
Wherein, said plant of theaceae includes but not limited to camellia, tea, oil tea, tea plum or the like.
Wherein, said cold preserving method is that seed is being refrigerated in 0-5 ℃ freezer then December-January in next year, with moistening cotton parcel refrigeration.
Wherein, the method for said vernalization is that the seed of the cotton parcel of refrigeration is imbedded in the fine sand dish, and the fine sand disc thickness is at 5cm-10cm; Spread the thick fine sand of 4~6cm; Put into climatic cabinate, keep air humidity at 80%-90%, intensity of illumination is at 4500 ~ 5500lux; Temperature is controlled between 15~20 ℃, and the maintenance fine sand humidity of constantly watering; When seed begins to sprout in the husky bed, stop to water.
Wherein, the breeding method of stock is behind seed germination, to filter out to sprout and hypocotyl elongation goes out the seed of 3~6cm, plants in the nonwoven container that is placed with light matrix; Spill the thick light matrix of one deck 1cm again, water permeablely, Routine Management is until breeding available stock.
Wherein, Said grafting method is to choose leading thread to put into pallet the container seedling of 1.2 ~ 2.0mm, carries out grafting from cut the upper end from matrix 3~5cm, and good container seedling pallet comes on the seedbed with grafting is housed; Carry out Routine Management, make regular check on and remove the not plant of grafting survival.
Stock according to the invention and scion can make kindred plant, also can be can grafting not kindred plant.
The present invention also provides to the live tender anvil grafting seedlings-growing method of the container of oil tea, and it comprises the steps:
1) stock is prepared:
The full oil tea seed that will pass through screening is refrigerating in 0-5 ℃ freezer then December-January in next year, with moistening cotton parcel refrigeration, when needed; Imbedded in the fine sand dish from freezer taking-up seed in 2 months in advance, the fine sand disc thickness is at 5cm-10cm; Spread the thick fine sand of 4~6cm, put into climatic cabinate, keep air humidity at 80%-90%; Intensity of illumination is at 5000lux, and temperature is controlled between 15~20 ℃, and the maintenance fine sand humidity of constantly watering; Seed begins to sprout in the husky bed in the time of 15-20 days, stops to water, and the seed that buries is taken out, and filter out and sprout, and hypocotyl elongation goes out the seed of 3~6cm, plants in the nonwoven container of placing light matrix; Spill the thick light matrix of one deck 1cm again, water permeable; Routine Management is until breeding available stock;
2) grafting
Choose leading thread and after the stock of 1.2 ~ 2.0mm is packed pallet into, carry out grafting, from cut the upper end from matrix 3~5cm, medulla is rived and is formed the otch of long 1.0~1.5cm in center, stock upper end; The left and right sides, 1.0~2.0mm place below the petiole of scion is respectively cut one and is become 10 ° ~ 20 ° angles, and length is the inclined-plane of 0.8~1.2cm, and two inclined-plane intersections form the wedge shape of 20 °~40 ° of taperingnesses in medulla; Water permeablely to the good nonwoven container of grafting, cover film, keep humidity, cultivate and take off film after 40 days more than 85%.
Adopt said method after general 20 days axillalry bud begin to sprout, select the high-quality seedling to go out garden afforestation in the season of afforesting then.
The present invention is through refrigeration stock seed; Can accomplish according to fringe bar situation, cultivate stock at any time, prolong the grafting timeliness and can make full use of the characteristic that oil tea was taken out three tips in a year with grafting value; All can carry out graft seedling growth at spring, summer, Qiu Sanji; Make some areas can avoid the hot and humid weather in the graft seedling growth critical stage, reduce disease and insect pest, improve survival rate.This method has overcome because after the failure of grafting for the first time, a large amount of stocks go out of use, and have improved the value of stock, effectively reduce the camellia seedling cost.Owing to grafting on the direct stock, stock need not take out from matrix, and is less to the injury of root system, guaranteed that plant grows quickly, promoted grafting mouth healing rate, improved graft survival rate in addition.
The present invention has been through reduced the difficulty that oil tea grafting cost and graft stock material obtain effectively, overcome the unfavorable factor that the conventional oil-tea camellia grafting receives time, manual work, stock, improved operating efficiency.The present invention is owing to selected suitable seedling-cultivating method and reasonable operation, and under container nursery was handled, graft survival rate reached more than 88%, has guaranteed the grafting survival rate.The present invention chooses the suitable tender anvil grafting of degree of lignification, grafting container seedling amount of growth be conventional container grow seedlings more than 1 times, the afforestation survival rate significantly improves, outplanting rate is more than 2/3.
The inventive method can realize grafting several times a year, effectively reduces seedling cost; Through suitable stock material chosen and grafting method, effectively improved graft survival rate, through suitable vernalization, condition control such as grow seedlings, effectively shortened growing-seedling period.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the container seedling of in light matrix container, cultivating after the vernalization;
Fig. 2 is the photo after the grafting;
Fig. 3 is the nursery after the grafting survival.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, further specify the present invention, but should not be construed as limitation of the present invention, under the prerequisite that does not deviate from the present invention spirit and essence, modification that the present invention did, replacement etc. are all belonged to scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Long woods 4 has been selected in container seedling breeding base in Jinyun, Zhejiang Province county, and the fringe bar of No. 40 two oil tea kinds of long woods carries out tender anvil grafting container and grows seedlings.Process of the test is following: the full oil tea seed that will pass through screening is refrigerating in 0-5 ℃ freezer then December-January in next year, with the moistening cotton parcel of washing, when March; From freeze the storehouse, take out, imbed in the sand table, sand table thickness is at 5cm-10cm; Spread the thick fine sand of 4~6cm, put into climatic cabinate, keep air humidity between 80% ~ 90%; Intensity of illumination is at 5000lux, and temperature is controlled between 15-20 ℃, and the maintenance fine sand humidity of constantly watering; Seed begins to sprout in the husky bed in the time of 15-20 days, stops to water, and the seed that buries is taken out, and filter out and sprout, and hypocotyl elongation goes out the seed of 3-6cm, puts into the nonwoven container of placing matrix; On the nonwoven container, spill one deck 1cm culture matrix, water permeable.
The nonwoven container is regularly watered, promote the growth of stock.Removed the sunshade net at after planting one month.When plant ground path length is above to 1.2mm, carry out grafting (being May this moment).Fall fine sand with flushing with clean water, choose leading thread and after the stock of 1.2 ~ 2.0mm is packed pallet into, carry out grafting, from cut the upper end from matrix 3~5cm, stock upper end center medulla rived forms the otch of long 1.0-1.5cm; 15 ° of angles of a written treaty are respectively cut in the left and right sides, 1.0~2.0mm place below the petiole of scion, and length is the inclined-plane of 0.8~1.2cm, and two inclined-plane intersections form the wedge shape of about 30 ° of taperingnesses in medulla; To water permeablely to the good nonwoven container of grafting, cover film, and keep humidity between 85% ~ 95%, and cultivate and take off film after 40 days.The long woods of 2 months " Invest, Then Investigate "s No. 4, No. 40 survival rates of long woods are respectively 88%, 90% after taking off film.
With the seed of refrigeration respectively at the taking-up of June and August; (grafting time is respectively August and October to carry out the live tender anvil graft seedling growth of container with said method; Utilize the 2nd time and the 3rd time scion of taking out the tip this moment respectively); Grafting 1000 strains respectively, the survival rate that the long woods of result is No. 4 is respectively 88.6% and 89.3%, and the survival rate that long woods is No. 40 is respectively 89.7% and 90.8%.
The nursery stock of height of seedling more than 25cm selected afforest, the place is selected in Jinyun county Xin Binong pipe place, and the afforestation time is in January, second, in 50 * 60 cave, covers seedling growth behind cave bottom application farmyard manure and the earth mixing and goes up soil; 10-15cm place planting stock, and cover upward soil from the face of land; Cover into the steamed bun shape to the soil of planting plant hole during plantation, treat that soil is moistening fully after, cover on kind of the plant hole with the black film of 80 * 80cm, stay the aperture about 10cm by the oil tea seedling, on black film, cover a small amount of soil again, in order to avoid be blown away; Observe No. 4 afforestation of long woods survival rate after 1 month 98.2% in plantation, No. 40 afforestation of long woods survival rate is 98.5%; Being respectively at the long woods of December statistics No. 4 and No. 40 storage rates is 99%, 100%.
Claims (7)
1. plant of theaceae grafting seedlings-growing method; This method is that the plant of theaceae seed is refrigerated; Supply with plant according to scion and take out the in good time vernalization of tip situation at every turn; Seed after the vernalization is cultivated into stock in container for plant growth, choose the stock that leading thread is 1.2 ~ 2.0mm, cut the upper end at liftoff 3~5cm place and carry out grafting.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said plant of theaceae is camellia, tea, oil tea, tea plum.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said cold preserving method is that seed is being refrigerated in 0-5 ℃ freezer then December-January in next year, with moistening cotton parcel refrigeration.
4. method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the method for said vernalization is that the seed of the cotton parcel of refrigeration is imbedded in the fine sand dish; The fine sand disc thickness is spread the thick fine sand of 4~6cm at 5cm-10cm, puts into climatic cabinate; Keep air humidity at 80%-90%; Intensity of illumination is at 4500 ~ 5500lux, and temperature is controlled between 15~20 ℃, and the maintenance fine sand humidity of constantly watering; When seed begins to sprout in the husky bed, stop to water.
5. method according to claim 4 is characterized in that, behind seed germination, filters out to sprout and hypocotyl elongation goes out the seed of 3~6cm, plants in the nonwoven container that is placed with light matrix; Spill the thick light matrix of one deck 1cm again, water permeablely, Routine Management is until breeding available stock.
6. method according to claim 5; It is characterized in that; Choose leading thread and put into pallet the container seedling of 1.2 ~ 2.0mm, carry out grafting from cut the upper end from matrix 3~5cm, good container seedling pallet comes on the seedbed with grafting is housed; Carry out Routine Management, make regular check on and remove the not plant of grafting survival.
7. the live tender anvil grafting seedlings-growing method of oil tea container, it comprises the steps:
1) stock is prepared:
The full oil tea seed that will pass through screening is refrigerating in 0-5 ℃ freezer then December-January in next year, with moistening cotton parcel refrigeration, when needed; From freeze the storehouse, took out seed in 2 months in advance, imbed in the fine sand dish, the fine sand disc thickness is at 5cm-10cm; Spread the thick fine sand of 4~6cm, put into climatic cabinate, keep air humidity at 80%-90%; Intensity of illumination is at 4500 ~ 5500lux, and temperature is controlled between 15~20 ℃, and the maintenance fine sand humidity of constantly watering; Seed begins to sprout in the husky bed in the time of 15-20 days, stops to water, and the seed that buries is taken out, and filter out and sprout, and hypocotyl elongation goes out the seed of 3~6cm, plants in the nonwoven container of placing light matrix; Spill the thick light matrix of one deck 1cm again, water permeable; Routine Management is until breeding available stock;
2) grafting
Choose leading thread after the stock of 1.2 ~ 2.0mm is packed pallet into, carry out grafting, from cut the upper end from matrix 3~5cm, medulla is rived and is formed the otch of long 1.0~1.5cm in center, stock upper end; The left and right sides, 1.0~2.0mm place below the petiole of scion is respectively cut one and is become 10 ° ~ 20 ° angles, and length is the inclined-plane of 0.8~1.2cm, and two inclined-plane intersections form the wedge shape of 20 °~40 ° of taperingnesses in medulla; Water permeablely to the good nonwoven container of grafting, cover film, keep humidity, cultivate and take off film after 40 days more than 85%.
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CN103210793A (en) * | 2013-01-28 | 2013-07-24 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Single-stock and multi-scion grafting seedling culturing method of oil camellia |
CN103250571A (en) * | 2013-04-09 | 2013-08-21 | 云和县农业综合开发有限公司 | Camellia oleifera container seedling raising technique |
CN103314768A (en) * | 2013-07-16 | 2013-09-25 | 李雷 | Camellia grafting method by utilizing buxus sinica stock |
CN103583245A (en) * | 2013-11-15 | 2014-02-19 | 广西天然食品科技有限公司 | Red flower large fruit oil tea cultivation method |
CN104106382A (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2014-10-22 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Propagation method for grafting Camellia tamdaoensis Hakoda et Ninh onto camellia maozi |
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CN104982235A (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2015-10-21 | 广西南宁碧湾园林工程有限公司 | Grafting method for Bella camellia |
CN105104058A (en) * | 2015-08-12 | 2015-12-02 | 安徽德昌苗木有限公司 | Method for increasing germination rate by sand-storage sowing of fresh oil-tea seeds |
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CN101822160A (en) * | 2010-05-05 | 2010-09-08 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Method using tissue-subculture sprouts of oil-tea camellia to raise seedlings by grafting |
CN102017850A (en) * | 2009-09-12 | 2011-04-20 | 郑家仁 | Oil tea double embryo stem anvil grafting nutritive cup breeding method |
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CN101124877A (en) * | 2007-07-17 | 2008-02-20 | 攸县林业局 | Growing seedlings method for oil-tea sprout with grafting container cup |
CN101611688A (en) * | 2009-07-17 | 2009-12-30 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | The propagation method of using oil-tea young anvil to graft containerized seedlings |
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CN103210793A (en) * | 2013-01-28 | 2013-07-24 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Single-stock and multi-scion grafting seedling culturing method of oil camellia |
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CN104221725A (en) * | 2013-06-20 | 2014-12-24 | 安徽德昌苗木有限公司 | Cultivation method for big and strong oil-tea camellia grafting seedlings |
CN103314768B (en) * | 2013-07-16 | 2015-12-23 | 舒海球 | A kind of camellia grafting method utilizing Chinese littleleaf box stock |
CN103314768A (en) * | 2013-07-16 | 2013-09-25 | 李雷 | Camellia grafting method by utilizing buxus sinica stock |
CN103583245A (en) * | 2013-11-15 | 2014-02-19 | 广西天然食品科技有限公司 | Red flower large fruit oil tea cultivation method |
CN104488472A (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2015-04-08 | 韦明玕 | High-mountain organic tea winter germination-promoting method |
CN104106382A (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2014-10-22 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Propagation method for grafting Camellia tamdaoensis Hakoda et Ninh onto camellia maozi |
CN104106382B (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2016-01-13 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | The propagation method of a kind of mao of purple camellia grafting Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima |
CN104982235A (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2015-10-21 | 广西南宁碧湾园林工程有限公司 | Grafting method for Bella camellia |
CN104969780A (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2015-10-14 | 广西南宁碧湾园林工程有限公司 | Grafting method of camellia japonica |
CN105104058A (en) * | 2015-08-12 | 2015-12-02 | 安徽德昌苗木有限公司 | Method for increasing germination rate by sand-storage sowing of fresh oil-tea seeds |
CN105284478A (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2016-02-03 | 贺友德 | One-step cultivation method for Camellia oleifera bud-stock light matrix grafting container seedlings |
CN105284478B (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2018-04-17 | 贺友德 | A kind of one-step method breeding method of oil-tea sprout anvil Light media grafting container seedling |
CN106069521A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-11-09 | 张先玉 | A kind of gardens method for culturing seedlings of Flos Camelliae Japonicae |
CN106105950A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-11-16 | 张先玉 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings shortening Flos Camelliae Japonicae growing-seedling period |
CN106105949A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-11-16 | 张先玉 | A kind of breeding method of yangtse-huaihe region Flos Camelliae Japonicae |
CN106937567A (en) * | 2017-02-16 | 2017-07-11 | 德宏州野生动物收容救护中心 | A kind of Gleditsia japonica grafting seedlings-growing method |
CN111837787A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-10-30 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Camellia oleifera seedling growing method |
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