CN104969780A - Grafting method of camellia japonica - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a grafting method of camellia japonica. During three grating periods, three methods of grating camellia japonica to the camellia tree stumps are adopted at the same time. In the first period, branches of camellia japonica are grated to external branches of the camellia tree stumps after the camellia tree stumps are transplanted. In the second period, branches of camellia japonica are grated to buds of internal branches of the camellia tree stumps within a month after internal branches of the camellia tree stumps germinate. In the third period, buds of camellia japonica branches are grated to internal branches of the camellia tree stumps when the camellia tree stumps grow vigorously next year by field planting. A grating method with grafting survival rate higher than an independent period is obtained. Flowers can bloom in advance after grafting. The duration for forming corollas is shortened so that camellia japonica with great economic value can be rapidly obtained. Refined camellia japonica trees with corollas can be acquired within nine months after grafting. The scion survival rate is up to above 85%.

Description

The grafting method of Hei Beila

Technical field

The present invention relates to the grafting method of a kind of oil tea, be specifically related to the technical method that a kind of black shellfish is pulled in three kinds of different grafting period graftings.

Background technology

Oil tea and camellia belong to Theaceae shrub together, and the former seed propagation is easy, drought-enduring cold-resistant extremely strong, and there is a large amount of adult low yield camellia oleifera lams in China oil tea producing region at present, and it yields poorly down, deficiency in economic performance; The latter is one of traditional ornamental flower of China, because its flower shape is gorgeous in riotous profusion, greenery are green for a long time, have two large advantages of the strength of character of the gorgeous of tree peony and plum blossom concurrently, and be loved by the people, camellia requires harsher to growing environment, fears wind happiness sun, general growth is invigorating in physical features, area that air circulation, warm and moist, its loosing soil well-drained are fertile.Therefore, people utilize graft technology, by famous and precious camellia grafting on the tea oil tree of low yield, by rational management, a large amount of camellia seedlings being adapted to most area plantation can be obtained in 3 ~ 4 years, improve economic benefit, enable more people watch camellia.

It is long to there is cultivation period in the technology of current tea oil tree grafting camellia, graft survival rate is low, the problems such as the camellia tree crown that grafting obtains is little, therefore provide the graft technology method of quickly breeding large tree-shaped fine work camellia to become those skilled in the art assistant officer's technical problem to be solved.

The content of invention

An object of the present invention is to solve at least the problems referred to above and defect, and the advantage will illustrated at least is below provided.

The invention provides the grafting method of a kind of Hei Beila, oil tea stub is adopted to the method for carrying out grafting at three kinds of different grafting periods, obtain the grafting method of graft survival rate higher than independent a kind of period, can Blooming after its grafting, capping time shorten, all can obtain the large tree of fine work Hei Beila camellia of capping in the time of 9 months, cion survival rate reaches more than 85%.

In order to realize these objects of the present invention and other advantage, provide the grafting method of a kind of Hei Beila, three periods successively by Hei Beila grafting on oil tea stub, be specially:

(1) first period: after oil tea stub is transplanted, by the branch grafting of Hei Beila on the outside branch of oil tea stub;

(2) second periods: in one month after the inside branch rudiment of oil tea stub, by the branch grafting of Hei Beila on the sprout on the inside branch of oil tea stub;

(3) the 3rd periods: when oil tea stub field planting next year, growth was vigorous, get the sprout grafting on the branch of Hei Beila on the inside branch of oil tea stub.

Preferably, Hei Beila grafting to oil tea stub will all adopt embedding bark graft graft technology method successively three periods.

Preferably, the grafting in the second described period comprises the following steps: cut off from the tender shoots base portion 1 ~ 2cm on the inside branch to be grafted of distance oil tea stub, with the opening of grafting blade at a tender shoots otch centre Vertical dimension incision degree of depth 1 ~ 1.5cm, the wedge-formed incision corresponding to described opening is cut in the lower end of the branch scion of Hei Beila, plant nutrition liquid is smeared respectively at described opening and wedge-formed incision place, the branch scion of Hei Beila is inserted in the opening of tender shoots, form grafting, the otch of guarantee scion and the opening of tender shoots are at least while align, tie up 2 ~ 3 circles by plastic ties grafting is tied up tightly.

Preferably, length is selected to be that the Hei Beila branch of the semi-lignified that 40 centimetres grew in spring is as scion.

Preferably, scion average production to 20 ~ 30cm of described grafting is long, as the standard of capping sale again.

Preferably, described oil tea stub transplanting to nursery 10 ~ 15 days, to described nursery whole sterilize, after having sterilized wholely, watering to soil makes soil soak, and within 1 ~ 2 day before transplanting, imbeds the compound of Chinese medicine slag, vinegar grain, urea and potassium chloride in whole nursery soil of sterilizing.

Preferably, the preparation method of described Chinese medicine slag is: get the decocting for Chinese herbal medicine residue that parts by weight are 50 ~ 60 parts, adding parts by weight is the fishbone dreg of 20 ~ 30 parts, the mixture of pig bone slag, stirs, is pulverized by mixture with ultrasonic disintegrator, then mixture is placed in fermentation tank, add lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycete, and pour the rice washing water that parts by weight are 10 ~ 20 parts into, stir, then fermentation tank sealing is placed in sunlight bottom fermentation 15 ~ 20 days, obtains Chinese medicine slag.

Preferably, before the grafting in the first period, to the outside branch of oil tea stub to be grafted and the branch scion respective pretreatment of Hei Beila:

A, outside shoot apex to be grafted for oil tea stub to be cut, one deck absolute ethyl alcohol and water is sprayed successively in the grafting incision of described outside branch, cover one deck glycerine, wrap up with lighttight newspaper, to dismantle after 1 ~ 2 day newspaper, smear plant nutrition liquid in the incision of described outside branch, wait to be grafted;

B, the branch scion of Hei Beila, retain 4 ~ 6 buds and 1 ~ 3 leaf, erase unnecessary buds and leaves, the grafting end of scion is trimmed to the tapered end corresponding with the grafting otch of stock branch, the tapered end of scion is wrapped up with marine alga, described marine alga sprays one deck and contains gibberellin, the basic element of cell division, the nutrient solution of heteroauxin and water, marine alga is tightened with transparent membrane, described scion to be placed in the dark moist closet of 10 ~ 15 DEG C 1 ~ 2 day, then the marine alga of described scion tapered end parcel is removed, plant nutrition liquid is smeared in the incision of described tapered end, etc. to be grafted.

The present invention at least comprises following beneficial effect:

The first, oil tea stub is adopted to the method for carrying out grafting at three kinds of different grafting periods, obtain the grafting method of graft survival rate higher than independent a kind of period, can Blooming after its grafting, capping time shorten, the fine work shellfish that all can obtain capping in the time of 9 months draws the large tree of camellia, and cion survival rate reaches more than 85%;

The second, adopt embedding bark graft grafting method, the otch of stock and scion is less, and wound healing is fast, and graft survival rate is high, selects growing way health to draw branch as scion without the shellfish of damage by disease and insect, ensures the nutrient component of grafting part, reduce the courses of infection of wound simultaneously;

Three, the tender shoots on branch is growing in one month, nutrient solution in branch is more in this enrichment, grafting on tender shoots on the inside branch of oil tea stub, grafting otch nutrient solution is sufficient, wound healing is very fast, adds the grafting amount on oil tea stub simultaneously, improves the availability of oil tea stub, make the capping of the Hei Beila of the oil tea stub of grafting survival more, make shellfish draw grafting stub economic worth higher;

4th, sterilize in advance in nursery wholely, for the oil tea stub of transplanting provides good growing environment, Chinese medicine slag is imbedded in the soil in nursery, vinegar grain, the compound of urea and potassium chloride, for oil tea stub provides enough nutrients, for sufficient preparation is carried out in later stage grafting, by the Chinese medicine slag of the trace element be rich in needed for a large amount of plant growth and be rich in phosphorus matter, the fishbone dreg of the elements such as calcium, the mixture of pig bone slag combines, through the Chinese medicine slag that fermentation obtains, the content of soil with organic matter can be improved, and having some improvement to soil particle structure, soil fertility is got a promotion,

5th, prune shoot apex and weaken apical dominance, the nutrient of branch is made more to be retained in the incision of grafting, spray one deck absolute ethyl alcohol to sterilize to branch notch depth, strengthen the antibacterial of incision, antibacterial ability, spray one deck water and cover one deck glycerine, pin the moisture of incision, glycerine forms layer protecting film in incision simultaneously, the incision of scion branch sprays nutrient solution, and outer wrap one deck marine alga, pin the moisture of scion branch cutting part, marine alga can carry out synthesis of organic substance by plastid in health and photosynthesis, with the gibberellin in nutrient solution, the basic element of cell division, heteroauxin has the effect coordinating synergy, otch for scion branch provides a kind of diaphragm, accelerate the hyperplasia of scion otch and stock incision, and ensure that the nutrient component needed for wound healing, stock otch and scion incision all have layer protecting film, make wound and isolate from outer air, play the effect of bacteriostasis antibiosis, substantially increase the survival rate of grafting, survival rate is made to improve 10 ~ 15%.

Embodiment:

< embodiment 1>

A grafting method of Hei Beila, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:

Described oil tea stub was transplanting to nursery first 10 days, to described nursery whole sterilize, after having sterilized wholely, watering to soil makes soil soak, in whole nursery soil of sterilizing, the compound that parts by weight are 1 part of Chinese medicine slag, 25 parts of vinegar grains, 10 parts of urea and 45 parts of potassium chloride is imbedded at first 1 day that transplants, sterilize in advance in nursery wholely, for the oil tea stub of transplanting provides good growing environment, Chinese medicine slag, vinegar grain, urea and potassium chloride is imbedded in the soil in nursery, for oil tea stub provides enough nutrients, for sufficient preparation is carried out in later stage grafting;

The preparation method of wherein said Chinese medicine slag is: get the Radix Astragali that parts by weight are 50 parts, red stilbene, Poria cocos, residue after the decocting for Chinese herbal medicine of Radix Angelicae Sinensis and Radix Glycyrrhizae mixing, add the fishbone dreg that parts by weight are 20 parts, the mixture of pig bone slag, stir, with ultrasonic disintegrator, mixture is pulverized, wherein the weight ratio of the mixing of fishbone dreg and pig bone slag is 1: 1, then mixture is placed in fermentation tank, add lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycete that parts by weight are 1 part, wherein lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycetic weight ratio are 1: 1.2, and pour the rice washing water that parts by weight are 10 parts into, stir, then fermentation tank sealing is placed in sunlight bottom fermentation 15 days, obtain Chinese medicine slag, by the Chinese medicine slag of the trace element be rich in needed for a large amount of plant growth and be rich in phosphorus matter, the fishbone dreg of the elements such as calcium, the mixture of pig bone slag combines, through the Chinese medicine slag that fermentation obtains, the content of soil with organic matter can be improved, and having some improvement to soil particle structure, soil fertility is got a promotion.

To select without the vigorous oil tea stub of growth raw in damage by disease and insect 10 years its cutting lateral root in advance, transplant extremely in above-mentioned nursery as graft stock; Stochastic choice, with the scion of a collection of 30 Hei Beila, selects length to be that the Hei Beila branch of the semi-lignified that 40 centimetres grew in spring is as scion.

Three periods successively by Hei Beila grafting on oil tea stub, all adopt embedding bark graft graft technology method, adopt embedding bark graft grafting method, the otch of stock and scion is less, and wound healing is fast, and graft survival rate is high, growing way health is selected to draw branch as scion without the shellfish of damage by disease and insect, ensure the nutrient component of grafting part, reduce the courses of infection of wound simultaneously, be specially:

(1) first period: after oil tea stub is transplanted, choose the outside branch of 5 oil tea stubs, to be grafted, choose the branch scion of 5 Hei Beila for subsequent use, before grafting, to the outside branch of oil tea stub to be grafted and the branch scion respective pretreatment of Hei Beila:

A, outside shoot apex to be grafted for oil tea stub is cut, one deck absolute ethyl alcohol and water is sprayed successively in the grafting incision of described outside branch, cover one deck glycerine, wrap up with lighttight newspaper, to dismantle after 1 day newspaper, smearing containing parts by weight in the incision of described outside branch is the plant hormone of 3 ~ 5 parts, the basic element of cell division of 5 parts, the plant nutrition liquid of the water of the auximone of 12 parts and 70 parts, etc. to be grafted, prune shoot apex and weaken apical dominance, the nutrient of branch is made more to be retained in the incision of grafting, spray one deck absolute ethyl alcohol to sterilize to branch notch depth, strengthen the antibacterial of incision, antibacterial ability, spray one deck water and cover one deck glycerine, pin the moisture of incision, glycerine forms layer protecting film in incision simultaneously,

B, the branch scion of Hei Beila, retain 4 buds and 1 leaf, erase unnecessary buds and leaves, the grafting end of scion is trimmed to the tapered end corresponding with the grafting otch of stock branch, the tapered end of scion is wrapped up with marine alga, described marine alga sprays one deck and contains gibberellin, the basic element of cell division, the nutrient solution of heteroauxin and water, wherein the parts by weight of gibberellin are 7 parts, the basic element of cell division is 15 parts, water is 75 parts, marine alga is tightened with transparent membrane, described scion to be placed in the dark moist closet of 10 DEG C 1 day, then the marine alga of described scion tapered end parcel is removed, the plant hormone that parts by weight are 3 parts is smeared in the incision of described tapered end, the basic element of cell division of 5 parts, the plant nutrition liquid of the water of the auximone of 12 parts and 70 parts, etc. to be grafted, the incision of scion branch sprays nutrient solution, and outer wrap one deck marine alga, pin the moisture of scion branch cutting part, marine alga can carry out synthesis of organic substance by plastid in health and photosynthesis, with the gibberellin in nutrient solution, the basic element of cell division, heteroauxin has the effect coordinating synergy, otch for scion branch provides a kind of diaphragm, accelerate the hyperplasia of scion otch and stock incision, and ensure that the nutrient component needed for wound healing, stock otch and scion incision all have layer protecting film, make wound and isolate from outer air, play the effect of bacteriostasis antibiosis, substantially increase the survival rate of grafting, survival rate is made to improve 10 ~ 15%,

(2) second periods: in one month after the inside branch rudiment of oil tea stub, choose 6 inner branches as grafting twig, by the branch grafting of Hei Beila on the sprout on the inside branch of oil tea stub, tender shoots on branch is growing in one month, nutrient solution in branch is more in this enrichment, grafting on tender shoots on the inside branch of oil tea stub, grafting otch nutrient solution is sufficient, wound healing is very fast, add the grafting amount on oil tea stub simultaneously, improve the availability of oil tea stub, make the capping of the Hei Beila of the oil tea stub of grafting survival more, shellfish is made to draw grafting stub economic worth higher, concrete grafting comprises the following steps: cut off from the tender shoots base portion 1cm on the inside branch to be grafted of distance oil tea stub, with the opening of grafting blade at a tender shoots otch centre Vertical dimension incision degree of depth 1cm, the wedge-formed incision corresponding to described opening is cut in the lower end of the branch scion of Hei Beila, the plant hormone that parts by weight are 3 parts is smeared respectively at described opening and wedge-formed incision place, the basic element of cell division of 5 parts, the plant nutrition liquid of the water of the auximone of 12 parts and 70 parts, the branch scion of Hei Beila is inserted in the opening of tender shoots, form grafting, the otch of guarantee scion and the opening of tender shoots are at least while align, tying up 2 circles by plastic ties ties up tightly by grafting,

(3) the 3rd periods: when oil tea stub field planting next year, growth was vigorous, 10 the inner branches choosing oil tea stub, as grafting twig, get the sprout grafting on the branch of Hei Beila on the inside branch of oil tea stub.

After completing whole grafting procedures, observed once every 5 days, and timely supply moisture and nutrient, Hei Beila branch average production to be grafted is long to 20cm, namely reaches again the standard that capping is sold.

< embodiment 2>

A grafting method of Hei Beila, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:

Described oil tea stub was transplanting to nursery first 15 days, to described nursery whole sterilize, after having sterilized wholely, watering to soil makes soil soak, in whole nursery soil of sterilizing, the compound that parts by weight are 2 parts of Chinese medicine slags, 35 parts of vinegar grains, 15 parts of urea and 65 parts of potassium chloride is imbedded at first 2 days that transplant, sterilize in advance in nursery wholely, for the oil tea stub of transplanting provides good growing environment, Chinese medicine slag, vinegar grain, urea and potassium chloride is imbedded in the soil in nursery, for oil tea stub provides enough nutrients, for sufficient preparation is carried out in later stage grafting;

The preparation method of wherein said Chinese medicine slag is: get the Radix Codonopsis that parts by weight are 60 parts, the bighead atractylodes rhizome, balloonflower root, Chinese yam, residue after the decocting for Chinese herbal medicine of Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS mixing, add the fishbone dreg that parts by weight are 30 parts, the mixture of pig bone slag, stir, with ultrasonic disintegrator, mixture is pulverized, wherein the weight ratio of the mixing of fishbone dreg and pig bone slag is 1: 1.5, then mixture is placed in fermentation tank, add lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycete that parts by weight are 2 parts, wherein lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycetic weight ratio are 1: 2, and pour the rice washing water that parts by weight are 20 parts into, stir, then fermentation tank sealing is placed in sunlight bottom fermentation 20 days, obtain Chinese medicine slag, by the Chinese medicine slag of the trace element be rich in needed for a large amount of plant growth and be rich in phosphorus matter, the fishbone dreg of the elements such as calcium, the mixture of pig bone slag combines, through the Chinese medicine slag that fermentation obtains, the content of soil with organic matter can be improved, and having some improvement to soil particle structure, soil fertility is got a promotion.

To select without the vigorous oil tea stub of growth raw in damage by disease and insect 25 years its cutting lateral root in advance, transplant extremely in above-mentioned nursery as graft stock; Stochastic choice, with the scion of a collection of 30 Hei Beila, selects length to be that the Hei Beila branch of the semi-lignified that 40 centimetres grew in spring is as scion.

Three periods successively by Hei Beila grafting on oil tea stub, all adopt embedding bark graft graft technology method, adopt embedding bark graft grafting method, the otch of stock and scion is less, and wound healing is fast, and graft survival rate is high, growing way health is selected to draw branch as scion without the shellfish of damage by disease and insect, ensure the nutrient component of grafting part, reduce the courses of infection of wound simultaneously, be specially:

(1) first period: after oil tea stub is transplanted, choose the outside branch of 8 oil tea stubs, to be grafted, choose the branch scion of 8 Hei Beila for subsequent use, before grafting, to the outside branch of oil tea stub to be grafted and the branch scion respective pretreatment of Hei Beila:

A, outside shoot apex to be grafted for oil tea stub is cut, one deck absolute ethyl alcohol and water is sprayed successively in the grafting incision of described outside branch, cover one deck glycerine, wrap up with lighttight newspaper, to dismantle after 2 days newspaper, smearing containing parts by weight in the incision of described outside branch is the plant hormone of 5 parts, the basic element of cell division of 10 parts, the plant nutrition liquid of the water of the auximone of 15 parts and 80 parts, etc. to be grafted, prune shoot apex and weaken apical dominance, the nutrient of branch is made more to be retained in the incision of grafting, spray one deck absolute ethyl alcohol to sterilize to branch notch depth, strengthen the antibacterial of incision, antibacterial ability, spray one deck water and cover one deck glycerine, pin the moisture of incision, glycerine forms layer protecting film in incision simultaneously,

B, the branch scion of Hei Beila, retain 6 buds and 3 leaves, erase unnecessary buds and leaves, the grafting end of scion is trimmed to the tapered end corresponding with the grafting otch of stock branch, the tapered end of scion is wrapped up with marine alga, described marine alga sprays one deck and contains gibberellin, the basic element of cell division, the nutrient solution of heteroauxin and water, wherein the parts by weight of gibberellin are 10 parts, the basic element of cell division is 20 parts, water is 85 parts, marine alga is tightened with transparent membrane, described scion to be placed in the dark moist closet of 15 DEG C 2 days, then the marine alga of described scion tapered end parcel is removed, the plant hormone that parts by weight are 5 parts is smeared in the incision of described tapered end, the basic element of cell division of 10 parts, the plant nutrition liquid of the water of the auximone of 15 parts and 80 parts, etc. to be grafted, the incision of scion branch sprays nutrient solution, and outer wrap one deck marine alga, pin the moisture of scion branch cutting part, marine alga can carry out synthesis of organic substance by plastid in health and photosynthesis, with the gibberellin in nutrient solution, the basic element of cell division, heteroauxin has the effect coordinating synergy, otch for scion branch provides a kind of diaphragm, accelerate the hyperplasia of scion otch and stock incision, and ensure that the nutrient component needed for wound healing, stock otch and scion incision all have layer protecting film, make wound and isolate from outer air, play the effect of bacteriostasis antibiosis, substantially increase the survival rate of grafting, survival rate is made to improve 10 ~ 15%,

(2) second periods: in one month after the inside branch rudiment of oil tea stub, choose 8 inner branches as grafting twig, by the branch grafting of Hei Beila on the sprout on the inside branch of oil tea stub, tender shoots on branch is growing in one month, nutrient solution in branch is more in this enrichment, grafting on tender shoots on the inside branch of oil tea stub, grafting otch nutrient solution is sufficient, wound healing is very fast, add the grafting amount on oil tea stub simultaneously, improve the availability of oil tea stub, make the capping of the Hei Beila of the oil tea stub of grafting survival more, shellfish is made to draw grafting stub economic worth higher, concrete grafting comprises the following steps: cut off from the tender shoots base portion 2cm on the inside branch to be grafted of distance oil tea stub, with the opening of grafting blade at a tender shoots otch centre Vertical dimension incision degree of depth 1.5cm, the wedge-formed incision corresponding to described opening is cut in the lower end of the branch scion of Hei Beila, the plant hormone that parts by weight are 5 parts is smeared respectively at described opening and wedge-formed incision place, the basic element of cell division of 10 parts, the plant nutrition liquid of the water of the auximone of 15 parts and 80 parts, the branch scion of Hei Beila is inserted in the opening of tender shoots, form grafting, the otch of guarantee scion and the opening of tender shoots are at least while align, tying up 3 circles by plastic ties ties up tightly by grafting,

(3) the 3rd periods: when oil tea stub field planting next year, growth was vigorous, 20 the inner branches choosing oil tea stub, as grafting twig, get the sprout grafting on the branch of Hei Beila on the inside branch of oil tea stub.

After completing whole grafting procedures, observed once every 8 days, and timely supply moisture and nutrient, Hei Beila branch average production to be grafted is long to 30cm, namely reaches again the standard that capping is sold.

< embodiment 3>

A grafting method of Hei Beila, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:

Described oil tea stub was transplanting to nursery first 13 days, to described nursery whole sterilize, after having sterilized wholely, watering to soil makes soil soak, in whole nursery soil of sterilizing, the compound that parts by weight are 2 parts of Chinese medicine slags, 30 parts of vinegar grains, 13 parts of urea and 58 parts of potassium chloride is imbedded at first 2 days that transplant, sterilize in advance in nursery wholely, for the oil tea stub of transplanting provides good growing environment, Chinese medicine slag, vinegar grain, urea and potassium chloride is imbedded in the soil in nursery, for oil tea stub provides enough nutrients, for sufficient preparation is carried out in later stage grafting;

The preparation method of wherein said Chinese medicine slag is: get the Radix Astragali that parts by weight are 55 parts, Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS, rhizoma Gastrodiae, residue after the decocting for Chinese herbal medicine of cassia twig mixing, add the fishbone dreg that parts by weight are 25 parts, the mixture of pig bone slag, stir, with ultrasonic disintegrator, mixture is pulverized, wherein the weight ratio of the mixing of fishbone dreg and pig bone slag is 1: 1.2, then mixture is placed in fermentation tank, add lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycete that parts by weight are 2 parts, wherein lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycetic weight ratio are 1: 1.5, and pour the rice washing water that parts by weight are 15 parts into, stir, then fermentation tank sealing is placed in sunlight bottom fermentation 18 days, obtain Chinese medicine slag, by the Chinese medicine slag of the trace element be rich in needed for a large amount of plant growth and be rich in phosphorus matter, the fishbone dreg of the elements such as calcium, the mixture of pig bone slag combines, through the Chinese medicine slag that fermentation obtains, the content of soil with organic matter can be improved, and having some improvement to soil particle structure, soil fertility is got a promotion.

To select without the vigorous oil tea stub of growth raw in damage by disease and insect 20 years its cutting lateral root in advance, transplant extremely in above-mentioned nursery as graft stock; Stochastic choice, with the scion of a collection of 30 Hei Beila, selects length to be that the Hei Beila branch of the semi-lignified that 40 centimetres grew in spring is as scion.

Three periods successively by Hei Beila grafting on oil tea stub, all adopt embedding bark graft graft technology method, adopt embedding bark graft grafting method, the otch of stock and scion is less, and wound healing is fast, and graft survival rate is high, growing way health is selected to draw branch as scion without the shellfish of damage by disease and insect, ensure the nutrient component of grafting part, reduce the courses of infection of wound simultaneously, be specially:

(1) first period: after oil tea stub is transplanted, choose the outside branch of 6 oil tea stubs, to be grafted, choose the branch scion of 6 Hei Beila for subsequent use, before grafting, to the outside branch of oil tea stub to be grafted and the branch scion respective pretreatment of Hei Beila:

A, outside shoot apex to be grafted for oil tea stub is cut, one deck absolute ethyl alcohol and water is sprayed successively in the grafting incision of described outside branch, cover one deck glycerine, wrap up with lighttight newspaper, to dismantle after 1.5 days newspaper, smearing containing parts by weight in the incision of described outside branch is the plant hormone of 4 parts, the basic element of cell division of 8 parts, the plant nutrition liquid of the water of the auximone of 14 parts and 75 parts, etc. to be grafted, prune shoot apex and weaken apical dominance, the nutrient of branch is made more to be retained in the incision of grafting, spray one deck absolute ethyl alcohol to sterilize to branch notch depth, strengthen the antibacterial of incision, antibacterial ability, spray one deck water and cover one deck glycerine, pin the moisture of incision, glycerine forms layer protecting film in incision simultaneously,

B, the branch scion of Hei Beila, retain 5 buds and 2 leaves, erase unnecessary buds and leaves, the grafting end of scion is trimmed to the tapered end corresponding with the grafting otch of stock branch, the tapered end of scion is wrapped up with marine alga, described marine alga sprays one deck and contains gibberellin, the basic element of cell division, the nutrient solution of heteroauxin and water, wherein the parts by weight of gibberellin are 8 parts, the basic element of cell division is 18 parts, water is 80 parts, marine alga is tightened with transparent membrane, described scion to be placed in the dark moist closet of 13 DEG C 1.5 days, then the marine alga of described scion tapered end parcel is removed, the plant hormone that parts by weight are 4 parts is smeared in the incision of described tapered end, the basic element of cell division of 8 parts, the plant nutrition liquid of the water of the auximone of 14 parts and 75 parts, etc. to be grafted, the incision of scion branch sprays nutrient solution, and outer wrap one deck marine alga, pin the moisture of scion branch cutting part, marine alga can carry out synthesis of organic substance by plastid in health and photosynthesis, with the gibberellin in nutrient solution, the basic element of cell division, heteroauxin has the effect coordinating synergy, otch for scion branch provides a kind of diaphragm, accelerate the hyperplasia of scion otch and stock incision, and ensure that the nutrient component needed for wound healing, stock otch and scion incision all have layer protecting film, make wound and isolate from outer air, play the effect of bacteriostasis antibiosis, substantially increase the survival rate of grafting, survival rate is made to improve 10 ~ 15%,

(2) second periods: in one month after the inside branch rudiment of oil tea stub, choose 7 inner branches as grafting twig, by the branch grafting of Hei Beila on the sprout on the inside branch of oil tea stub, tender shoots on branch is growing in one month, nutrient solution in branch is more in this enrichment, grafting on tender shoots on the inside branch of oil tea stub, grafting otch nutrient solution is sufficient, wound healing is very fast, add the grafting amount on oil tea stub simultaneously, improve the availability of oil tea stub, make the capping of the Hei Beila of the oil tea stub of grafting survival more, shellfish is made to draw grafting stub economic worth higher, concrete grafting comprises the following steps: cut off from the tender shoots base portion 1.5cm on the inside branch to be grafted of distance oil tea stub, with the opening of grafting blade at a tender shoots otch centre Vertical dimension incision degree of depth 1.3cm, the wedge-formed incision corresponding to described opening is cut in the lower end of the branch scion of Hei Beila, the plant hormone that parts by weight are 4 parts is smeared respectively at described opening and wedge-formed incision place, the basic element of cell division of 8 parts, the plant nutrition liquid of the water of the auximone of 14 parts and 75 parts, the branch scion of Hei Beila is inserted in the opening of tender shoots, form grafting, the otch of guarantee scion and the opening of tender shoots are at least while align, tying up 2 ~ 3 circles by plastic ties ties up tightly by grafting,

(3) the 3rd periods: when oil tea stub field planting next year, growth was vigorous, 15 the inner branches choosing oil tea stub, as grafting twig, get the sprout grafting on the branch of Hei Beila on the inside branch of oil tea stub.

After completing whole grafting procedures, observed once every 7 days, and timely supply moisture and nutrient, Hei Beila branch average production to be grafted is long to 25cm, namely reaches again the standard that capping is sold.

In above-described embodiment, the present invention adopts the method for carrying out grafting at three kinds of different grafting periods to oil tea stub, 3 embodiments all can obtain the grafting method of graft survival rate higher than independent a kind of period, can Blooming after its grafting, capping time shorten, all can obtain the large tree of fine work Hei Beila camellia of capping in the time of 9 months, cion survival rate reaches more than 85%, the wherein best results of embodiment 3, cion survival rate reaches 90%.

Although embodiment of the present invention are open as above, but it is not restricted to listed in specification and embodiment utilization, it can be applied to various applicable the field of the invention completely, for those skilled in the art, can easily realize other amendment, therefore do not deviating under the universal that claim and equivalency range limit, the present invention is not limited to specific details and illustrates here and the embodiment described.

Claims (8)

1. the grafting method of Yi Zhong Hei Beila, is characterized in that, three periods successively by Hei Beila grafting on oil tea stub, be specially:

(1) first period: after oil tea stub is transplanted, by the branch grafting of Hei Beila on the outside branch of oil tea stub;

(2) second periods: in one month after the inside branch rudiment of oil tea stub, by the branch grafting of Hei Beila on the sprout on the inside branch of oil tea stub;

(3) the 3rd periods: when oil tea stub field planting next year, growth was vigorous, get the sprout grafting on the branch of Hei Beila on the inside branch of oil tea stub.

2. the grafting method of Hei Beila as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, Hei Beila grafting to oil tea stub will all adopt embedding bark graft graft technology method successively three periods.

3. the grafting method of Hei Beila as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the grafting in the second described period comprises the following steps: cut off from the tender shoots base portion 1 ~ 2cm on the inside branch to be grafted of distance oil tea stub, with the opening of grafting blade at a tender shoots otch centre Vertical dimension incision degree of depth 1 ~ 1.5cm, the wedge-formed incision corresponding to described opening is cut in the lower end of the branch scion of Hei Beila, plant nutrition liquid is smeared respectively at described opening and wedge-formed incision place, the branch scion of Hei Beila is inserted in the opening of tender shoots, form grafting, the otch of guarantee scion and the opening of tender shoots are at least while align, tie up 2 ~ 3 circles by plastic ties grafting is tied up tightly.

4. the grafting method of Hei Beila as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, selects length to be that the Hei Beila branch of the semi-lignified that 40 centimetres grew in spring is as scion.

5. the grafting method of Hei Beila as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, scion average production to 20 ~ 30cm of described grafting is long, as the standard of capping sale again.

6. the grafting method of Hei Beila as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, described oil tea stub was transplanting to nursery 10 ~ 15 days, to described nursery whole sterilize, after having sterilized wholely, watering to soil makes soil soak, and within 1 ~ 2 day before transplanting, imbeds the compound of Chinese medicine slag, vinegar grain, urea and potassium chloride in whole nursery soil of sterilizing.

7. the grafting method of Hei Beila as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, the preparation method of described Chinese medicine slag is: get the decocting for Chinese herbal medicine residue that parts by weight are 50 ~ 60 parts, adding parts by weight is the fishbone dreg of 20 ~ 30 parts, the mixture of pig bone slag, stir, with ultrasonic disintegrator, mixture is pulverized, then mixture is placed in fermentation tank, add lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycete, and pour the rice washing water that parts by weight are 10 ~ 20 parts into, stir, then fermentation tank sealing is placed in sunlight bottom fermentation 15 ~ 20 days, obtains Chinese medicine slag.

8. the grafting method of Hei Beila as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, before the grafting in the first period, to the outside branch of oil tea stub to be grafted and the branch scion respective pretreatment of Hei Beila:

A, outside shoot apex to be grafted for oil tea stub to be cut, one deck absolute ethyl alcohol and water is sprayed successively in the grafting incision of described outside branch, cover one deck glycerine, wrap up with lighttight newspaper, to dismantle after 1 ~ 2 day newspaper, smear plant nutrition liquid in the incision of described outside branch, wait to be grafted;

B, the branch scion of Hei Beila, retain 4 ~ 6 buds and 1 ~ 3 leaf, erase unnecessary buds and leaves, the grafting end of scion is trimmed to the tapered end corresponding with the grafting otch of stock branch, the tapered end of scion is wrapped up with marine alga, described marine alga sprays one deck and contains gibberellin, the basic element of cell division, the nutrient solution of heteroauxin and water, marine alga is tightened with transparent membrane, described scion to be placed in the dark moist closet of 10 ~ 15 DEG C 1 ~ 2 day, then the marine alga of described scion tapered end parcel is removed, plant nutrition liquid is smeared in the incision of described tapered end, etc. to be grafted.