CN104705073A - Ornamental camellia grafting cultivation method - Google Patents
Ornamental camellia grafting cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104705073A CN104705073A CN201310673296.9A CN201310673296A CN104705073A CN 104705073 A CN104705073 A CN 104705073A CN 201310673296 A CN201310673296 A CN 201310673296A CN 104705073 A CN104705073 A CN 104705073A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ornamental camellia grafting cultivation method which includes the steps of stump collection, cion selection, grafting and grafting follow-up management. Ornamental camellia is formed by grafting and cultivating camellia oleifera trees aging from 5 years old to 20 years old, and the effect is good; due to the fact that the camellia oleifera trees are resistant to drought and cold, and the camellia generated through the grating method is very high in stress tolerance as well, low in cost, high in survival rate, simple in operation and capable of being produced in large scale and meeting the market requirement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to gardening, specifically a kind of grafting cultivation method viewing and admiring camellia.
Background technology
Camellia is evergreen dungarunga or the shrub of Theaceae Camellia, and popular name is also known as camellia.For Chinese tradition famous flower, one of world's famous flower.Because its plant forms is graceful, the dark green and gloss of leaf, flower shape is gorgeous in riotous profusion and be subject to valuing of world's gardening circle.
Camellia belongs to the more difficult plant survived, and the propagation method of camellia is varied, and wherein grafting is the most frequently used.Oil tea belongs to evergreen shrub or arbor, and the life-span is longer, strong adaptability, and cultivation history is long.As important woody oil tree species, on the south China the Changjiang river, each provinces and regions are extensively cultivated, the less aboundresources of damage by disease and insect, and utilize its form of camellia of the plant grafting of oil tea better, the camellia ornamental value after capping is higher.
Propagation by grafiting camellia has many benefits: the merit that can keep kind; Can plant strain growth be accelerated, make it shaping rapidly, and energy large-scale production; Save fringe bar, particularly those fringe bars are originated few rare kind, particularly important.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of grafting cultivation method viewing and admiring camellia, its cost is low, and survival rate is high, simple to operate, and energy large-scale production, meets the demand in market.
A kind of grafting cultivation method viewing and admiring camellia of the present invention, comprises the collection of stub; Choosing of scion; Grafting; Grafting follow-up management; Concrete method is:
(1) collection of stub: gather and be used as the stub of stock, tree anvil is selected and is spent oil tea in vain and high mountain safflower oil tea is ideal, and with age of tree 5-20, leading thread is that 5-8cm has 4-5 branch to be advisable;
(2) the choosing of scion: on the selected elite stand viewing and admiring camellia kind, choose tree crown top peripheral robust growth, without the substantial annotinous branch of damage by disease and insect, eye as scion;
(3) grafting: according to the season of camellia grafting, the difference at position, usually with " cut-grafting ", " side grafting " and " drawing bark graft " three kinds of grafting methods; Connect rear plastic foil interface is bandaged, then the brown paper wrapped Hydra plastic foil and shade;
(4) grafting follow-up management: after grafting plant carry out sheltering from heat or light maintenance, the upgrowth situation of running audit interface and scion, find long have mould, eliminate in time, put into a small amount of carbendazim dry powder, again wrap up.
Concrete grammar and the requirement of described stub collection are:
(1) acquisition time: the first stage the first tenday period of a month in December to next year by the end of February spring bud complete before sprouting; Second stage extremely completed by the end of June in the first tenday period of a month in May; Completed plantation the same day or second day as much as possible, need to carry out measure of sheltering from heat or light in advance simultaneously;
(2) select stub: gather and be used as the stub of stock, tree anvil is selected and is spent oil tea in vain and high mountain safflower oil tea is ideal, and with age of tree 5-20, leading thread is that 5-8cm has 4-5 branch to be advisable, and wherein branch carries out grafting for the best the limb that 2-3cm is thick;
(3) excavate: after selected as the stub of stock, by the form of grafting tree crown, the demand of moulding, before excavating, unnecessary limb is removed, the requirement of native ball, is doubly as the criterion with the 5-6 of stock leading thread usually, is completely cured flat with saw saw;
(4) stock plantation depths reason: plant front tpn or topsin 500-800 consumption doubly, pasteurised completely is carried out to tree body; With 800-1000 doubly 75% tpn pasteurised completely is carried out to native ball, February should be restrained with Tobe, mancozeb, and June should use tpn, carbendazim; 3-5 minute after sterilization, spray a root-inducing powder, root-growing agent plant growth promoter, is coated with milky white adhesive wound closure simultaneously, as the tree anvil of grafting in time can not need done to seal to its limb and process simultaneously;
(5) plant: during plantation, fill out the compost of 20-25cm bottom planting bag, field planting coordinates root-rot spirit soil disinfectant, waters sufficient normal root water;
(6) sunshade: the sunshade net that the oil tea stub shading rate of new field planting reaches 70%-75% carries out sunshade, the stub particularly grafted, and need complete sunshade work by the end of March to mid-April, to mid or late October, tree body root regeneration, after the full lignification of branch, can give full exposure condition; Sunshade, highly depending on stub, usually exceeds stub 80cm-100cm and is advisable;
(7) moisture supply: root system is the vitals absorbing moisture, the stub of new plantation is owing to eliminating most of limb, and transpiration is more weak, and the needs of moisture are less, keeps normal humidity, and should be noted draining rainy season;
(8) apply fertilizer: the stub of new field planting, the stub of non-grafting, when sprouting grows to 10-20cm, first time fertilising can be carried out, around the aqueous solution of urea pouring root of 1%, within 7-10 days, as sprouting growth quickening, leaf look deepens, illustrate that root system has grown to the function absorbing moisture, executed once thin rich water liquid every 10 days later; The stub of grafting, sow after being connected into work, sprouting grows, and leaf grows to bottle green, first executes foliage fertilizer, executes root manure after the week.
During described grafting to lignified branch generally at the lunar calendar by the end of November to first grafting in the middle of the month of next year, the branch of semi-lignified should in late May to grafting mid-July.
The cut-grafting of described grafting, be mainly used in the grafting of a bar and vertical rod, section is scabbled with special grafting knife, be deep to xylem with grafting knife and indulge partial application, be about 1-1.5cm, wide 0.8-1cm, the tree anvil of general 2-3cm opens two corresponding bud mouths, the number of scion depending on the size of stock, maximum 5-6 bud mouths, cut bud, with the branch being with leaf lignification or semi-lignified, every fringe one leaf one bud, below petiole, about 1cm is in 30 degree, a cutter to opposite cortex of splaying forms the angle that is about 0.5cm, be reversed in that petiole balance place is flat cuts a cutter, require level and smooth, a nonlinting grafting face, be about 1-1.5cm, above petiole, stay leaf to block, the blade of scion is looked its size and is retained 1/2 or 1/3, cut after scion needs align with both sides' organization formation layer of anvil mouth otch, tighten with electrical adhesive tape, for avoiding high light direct projection, the outside of plastic sack should add one deck newspaper, brown paper keeps the sun off, in case burning sun is burnt, impact survives.
The side grafting of described grafting, is mainly used in the benefit that limb lacks branch part and connects, also can be used for the grafting of vertical branch, it cut anvil and cut-grafting is different, side grafting to cut anvil in T shape, to top truncation one cutter, toward a drop-down cutter, be about 1-1.5cm.
Described grafting draw bark graft, be mainly used in benefit and connect, the grafting at few branch place.
A kind of grafting cultivation method viewing and admiring camellia of the present invention; the tea oil tree grafting cultivation of life in 5 to 20 years is adopted to become to view and admire camellia; respond well; because tea oil tree is drought-enduring cold-resistant, also very strong by the camellia resistance of this grafting, and cost is low; survival rate is high; simple to operate, energy large-scale production, meets the demand in market.
Embodiment
Below content of the present invention is described in further detail.
A kind of grafting cultivation method viewing and admiring camellia of the present invention, comprises the collection of stub; Choosing of scion; Grafting; Grafting follow-up management; Specifically:
One, the collection of stub
(1) time of gathering of stub: the first stage the first tenday period of a month in December to next year by the end of February spring bud complete before sprouting, the tree body now excavated major part nutrient all concentrates on rhizome part, the most easily survives during transplanting; Second stage is in the first tenday period of a month in May to completing by the end of June, and now set body moisture very prosperous, root of hair is very fast; Completed plantation the same day or second day as much as possible when excavating, and needed to carry out measure of sheltering from heat or light in advance simultaneously.
(2) stub is selected
The success or failure of large tree camellia grafting, depend on the stock stub of grafting to a great extent, for selected stock, require to grow normally, do not have serious epidermis injury (as dry branch, cavity etc.) and the underdeveloped tree body of root.
As the large tree of stock with age of tree 5-20, leading thread is that 5-8cm has 4-5 branch to be advisable.Wherein branch carries out grafting for best the limb that 2-3cm is thick, and the large tree stock of more than 30-100 will see that whether it is healthy, guarantees that it is without damage by disease and insect (as powdery mildew, the important damage by disease and insect such as nematode) and form, and skeleton has certain sight.
(3) excavate
After selected as the stub of stock, by the form of grafting tree crown, the demand of moulding, before excavating, unnecessary limb is removed, the requirement of native ball, is doubly as the criterion with the 5-6 of stock leading thread usually, and being completely cured can not with hoe or spades, flat with saw saw.
(4) stock plantation depths reason
Limb processes, and needs to carry out a pasteurised completely to tree body before plantation, with tpn or topsin 500-800 consumption doubly.
Rhizome process, because the Extensive root root of 1-3cm can be subject to destruction in various degree in the process of excavating, particularly spends oil tea stock peculiar brill ground root in vain and the most easily breaks.So need carefully to check the excoriation in the smooth and transport of the tangent plane of every bar rhizome in processing procedure, after root check processing, with 800-1000 doubly 75% tpn to native ball pasteurised completely once, February should be restrained with Tobe, mancozeb; June should use tpn, carbendazim; 3-5 minute after sterilization, sprays a root-inducing powder, the plant growth promoters such as root-growing agent, is coated with milky white adhesive wound closure simultaneously, prevents tree body moisture to be run off by wound and causes dehydration or courses of infection.As the tree anvil excavated, grafting in time need can not do sealing process to its limb simultaneously.
(5) plant
During plantation, bottom planting bag, need the compost filling out about 20-25cm, as plant, field planting hole is deeply no more than 30cm and bottom needs to fill out gravel or the fine sand of 10-15cm, control nematode can be played, the function of draining is very helpful to surviving, and field planting coordinates root-rot spirit soil disinfectant, waters sufficient root water.
(6) sunshade
The sunshade net that the oil tea stub shading rate of new field planting reaches 70%-75% carries out sunshade, the stub particularly grafted, sunshade work need be completed by the end of March to mid-April, prevent high light to burn trunk bark and the death that arrives, to mid or late October, tree body root regeneration, after the full lignification of branch, can give full exposure condition; Sunshade, highly depending on stub, usually exceeds stub 80cm-100cm and is advisable.
(7) moisture supply
Root system is the vitals absorbing moisture, and the stub of new plantation is owing to eliminating most of limb, and transpiration is more weak, and the needs of moisture are less, keep certain humidity just energy normal growth, and rainy season notes also draining.
(8) apply fertilizer
The stub of new field planting, the stub of non-grafting, when sprouting grows to 10-20cm, first time fertilising can be carried out, around the aqueous solution of urea pouring root of 1%, within 7-10 days, as sprouting growth quickening, leaf look deepens, illustrate that root system has grown to the function absorbing moisture, executed once thin rich water liquid every 10 days later; The stub of grafting, sow after being connected into work, sprouting grows, and leaf grows to bottle green, first executes foliage fertilizer, executes root manure after the week.
Two, the choosing of scion
On the selected elite stand viewing and admiring camellia kind, choose tree crown top peripheral robust growth, without the substantial annotinous branch of damage by disease and insect, eye as scion; The branch adopted should be sealed in plastic sack for subsequent use, also can now adopt existing use.
Three, grafting
(1) grafting temperature and time
Determine nocturnal temperature according to specific environment and temperature and be not less than 10 degree, daytime higher than 16 degree, and have certain illumination condition all can carry out grafting, if any greenhouse experiment 3-9 is monthly can grafting, but best with mid-May to mid or late June survival rate.
(2) disconnected anvil
Select the tree crown be applicable to, by its form, highly carry out cutting bar, the tree bar bactericide sterilization after cutting once, can carry out grafting after drying.
(3) grafting method.
According to the season of camellia grafting, the difference at position, conventional method has " cut-grafting ", " film connects " and " drawing bark graft " 3 kinds, lignified branch generally main at the lunar calendar by the end of November to first grafting in the middle of the month of next year, the branch of semi-lignified should in late May to grafting mid-July.
Cut-grafting is mainly used in the grafting of a bar and vertical rod, section (drawing limit) is scabbled with special grafting knife, be deep to xylem with grafting knife and indulge partial application, be about 1-1.5cm, wide 0.8-1cm, the tree anvil of general 2-3cm opens two corresponding bud mouths, scion number depending on the size of stock, maximum 5-6 bud mouths.
Cut bud: with the branch being with leaf lignification or semi-lignified, every fringe one leaf one bud, below petiole, about 1cm is in 30 degree, a cutter to opposite cortex of splaying forms the angle that is about 0.5cm, be reversed in that petiole balance place is flat cuts a cutter, require level and smooth, a nonlinting grafting face, be about 1-1.5cm, above petiole, (stay leaf) block, the blade of scion is looked its size and is retained 1/2 one-tenth or 1/3, cut after scion needs align with both sides' organization formation layer of anvil mouth otch, tighten with good electrical adhesive tape, for avoiding high light direct projection, the outside of plastic sack should add one deck newspaper, brown paper etc. keep the sun off, in case burning sun is burnt, impact survives.
Side grafting, is mainly used in the benefit that limb lacks branch part and connects, also can be used for the grafting of vertical branch, it cut anvil and cut-grafting is different, side grafting to cut anvil in T shape, to top truncation one cutter, toward a drop-down cutter, be about 1-1.5cm, cutting fringe and cut-grafting method, to cut fringe much the same.
Draw bark graft to be mainly used in benefit to connect, few branch place grafting, optimum is used as the grafting of LANNEA COROMANDELICA, draws the advantage of bark graft to be that survival rate is high, and growing way is fast, and shortcoming is bag anvil ability, and the branch of life in 1 year easily ruptures, and cuts fringe the same with cut-grafting method.
Four, grafting follow-up management
After grafting plant carry out sheltering from heat or light maintenance, because the temperature in the plastic sack of wrapping is higher, easily produces mould, answer the upgrowth situation of running audit interface and scion, as found long have mould, need eliminate in time, putting into a small amount of carbendazim dry powder, more again wrap up.
Claims (6)
1. view and admire a grafting cultivation method for camellia, it is characterized in that: the collection comprising stub; Choosing of scion; Grafting; Grafting follow-up management; Concrete method is:
(1) collection of stub: gather and be used as the stub of stock, tree anvil is selected and is spent oil tea in vain and high mountain safflower oil tea is ideal, and with age of tree 5-20, leading thread is that 5-8cm has 4-5 branch to be advisable;
(2) the choosing of scion: on the selected elite stand viewing and admiring camellia kind, choose tree crown top peripheral robust growth, without the substantial annotinous branch of damage by disease and insect, eye as scion;
(3) grafting: according to the season of camellia grafting, the difference at position, usually with the grafting method of " cut-grafting ", " side grafting " and " drawing bark graft "; With plastic film sleeve, interface is bandaged after grafting, then the brown paper wrapped Hydra plastic foil and shade;
(4) grafting follow-up management: the plant after grafting carries out sheltering from heat or light maintenance, the upgrowth situation of running audit interface and scion, finds that length has mould, eliminates in time, can put into a small amount of carbendazim dry powder, again wrap up.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that: concrete grammar and the requirement of the collection of described stub are:
(1) acquisition time: the first stage the first tenday period of a month in December to next year by the end of February spring bud complete before sprouting; Second stage extremely completed by the end of June in the first tenday period of a month in May; Completed plantation the same day or second day as much as possible, need to carry out measure of sheltering from heat or light in advance simultaneously;
(2) select stub: gather and be used as the stub of stock, tree anvil is selected and is spent oil tea in vain and high mountain safflower oil tea is ideal, and with age of tree 5-20, leading thread is that 5-8cm has 4-5 branch to be advisable, and wherein branch carries out grafting for the best the limb that 2-3cm is thick;
(3) excavate: after selected as the stub of stock, by the form of grafting tree crown, the demand of moulding, before excavating, unnecessary limb is removed, the requirement of native ball, is doubly as the criterion with the 5-6 of stock leading thread usually, is completely cured flat with saw saw;
(4) stock plantation depths reason: plant front tpn or topsin 500-800 consumption doubly, pasteurised completely is carried out to tree body; With 800-1000 doubly 75% tpn pasteurised completely is carried out to native ball, February should be restrained with Tobe, mancozeb, and June should use tpn, carbendazim; 3-5 minute after sterilization, spray a root-inducing powder, root-growing agent plant growth promoter, is coated with milky white adhesive wound closure simultaneously, as the tree anvil of grafting in time can not need done to seal to its limb and process simultaneously;
(5) plant: during plantation, fill out the compost of 20-25cm bottom planting bag, field planting coordinates root-rot spirit soil disinfectant, waters sufficient normal root water;
(6) sunshade: the sunshade net that the oil tea stub shading rate of new field planting reaches 70%-75% carries out sunshade, the stub particularly grafted, and need complete sunshade work by the end of March to mid-April, to mid or late October, tree body root regeneration, after the full lignification of branch, can give full exposure condition; Sunshade, highly depending on stub, usually exceeds stub 80cm-100cm and is advisable;
(7) moisture supply: root system is the vitals absorbing moisture, the stub of new plantation is owing to eliminating most of limb, and transpiration is more weak, and the needs of moisture are less, keeps normal humidity, and should be noted draining rainy season;
(8) apply fertilizer: the stub of new field planting, the stub of non-grafting, when sprouting grows to 10-20cm, first time fertilising can be carried out, around the aqueous solution of urea pouring root of 1%, within 7-10 days, as sprouting growth quickening, leaf look deepens, illustrate that root system has grown to the function absorbing moisture, executed once thin rich water liquid every 10 days later; The stub of grafting, sow after being connected into work, sprouting grows, and leaf grows to bottle green, first executes foliage fertilizer, executes root manure after the week.
3. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that: during described grafting to lignified branch generally at the lunar calendar by the end of November to first grafting in the middle of the month of next year, the branch of semi-lignified should in late May to grafting mid-July.
4. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that: the cut-grafting of described grafting, be mainly used in the grafting of a bar and vertical rod, scabble section with special grafting knife, be deep to xylem with grafting knife and indulge partial application, be about 1-1.5cm, wide 0.8-1cm, the tree anvil of general 2-3cm opens two corresponding bud mouths, scion number depending on the size of stock, maximum 5-6 bud mouths, cut bud, with the branch being with leaf lignification or semi-lignified, every fringe one leaf one bud, below petiole, about 1cm is in 30 degree, a cutter to opposite cortex of splaying forms the angle that is about 0.5cm, be reversed in that petiole balance place is flat cuts a cutter, require level and smooth, a nonlinting grafting face, be about 1-1.5cm, above petiole, stay leaf to block, the blade of scion is looked its size and is retained 1/2 or 1/3, cut after scion needs align with both sides' organization formation layer of anvil mouth otch, tighten with electrical adhesive tape, for avoiding high light direct projection, the outside of plastic sack should add one deck newspaper, brown paper keeps the sun off, in case burning sun is burnt, impact survives.
5. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that: the side grafting of described grafting, is mainly used in the benefit that limb lacks branch part and connects, also can be used for the grafting of vertical branch, it cut anvil and cut-grafting is different, side grafting to cut anvil in T shape, to top truncation one cutter, toward a drop-down cutter, be about 1-1.5cm.
6. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that: described grafting draw bark graft, be mainly used in benefit and connect, the grafting at few branch place.
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| CN107231992A (en) * | 2017-05-04 | 2017-10-10 | 旌德县侯家庄生态旅游有限公司 | A kind of engrafting method of camellia |
| CN107306674A (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2017-11-03 | 云南公投市政园林工程有限公司 | The method for improving the grafting camellia on safflower tea oil tree |
| CN107493995A (en) * | 2017-10-18 | 2017-12-22 | 棕榈生态城镇发展股份有限公司 | A kind of hydrophobic engrafting method of camellia simple bud full leaf turnup |
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| CN104969780A (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2015-10-14 | 广西南宁碧湾园林工程有限公司 | Grafting method of camellia japonica |
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| CN106171800A (en) * | 2016-08-27 | 2016-12-07 | 广西御汇堂生物科技有限公司 | A kind of oil tea cuttage method for culturing seedlings integrated with grafting |
| CN106508437A (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2017-03-22 | 福建百卉花艺有限公司 | Grafting method |
| CN106613379A (en) * | 2017-02-22 | 2017-05-10 | 长沙县多彩农业科技有限公司 | Method for grafting camellias on camellia oleifera root segments |
| CN106818231A (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2017-06-13 | 长沙县多彩农业科技有限公司 | A kind of camellia engrafting method for being easy to moulding |
| CN107231992A (en) * | 2017-05-04 | 2017-10-10 | 旌德县侯家庄生态旅游有限公司 | A kind of engrafting method of camellia |
| CN107306674A (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2017-11-03 | 云南公投市政园林工程有限公司 | The method for improving the grafting camellia on safflower tea oil tree |
| CN107493995A (en) * | 2017-10-18 | 2017-12-22 | 棕榈生态城镇发展股份有限公司 | A kind of hydrophobic engrafting method of camellia simple bud full leaf turnup |
| CN107980386A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-05-04 | 阳江市冠贤农林科技有限公司 | A kind of triangle rabbets high anvil grafting landscape tree breeding method and system |
| CN109197202A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2019-01-15 | 肖圣雄 | A kind of oil tea engrafting method |
| CN112166853A (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-01-05 | 常德华诚现代农业开发有限公司 | High-survival-rate camellia tree grafting method |
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