CN112166853A - High-survival-rate camellia tree grafting method - Google Patents
High-survival-rate camellia tree grafting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112166853A CN112166853A CN202011212826.6A CN202011212826A CN112166853A CN 112166853 A CN112166853 A CN 112166853A CN 202011212826 A CN202011212826 A CN 202011212826A CN 112166853 A CN112166853 A CN 112166853A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a camellia grafting method with high survival rate, which comprises the steps of selecting healthy camellia oleifera old piles for more than 10 years as stocks, cutting off trunks of the old piles, transplanting the old piles to a planting field, erecting a shed after planting and shading, grafting when the old piles are slightly half lignified in spring after survival, vertically cutting off cortex of the stocks by using blades during grafting to ensure that xylem is seen but not damaged, inserting scions into the cortex of the stocks, and taking the insertion depth to be accurate to the arc surface slightly exposing cutting surfaces of the scions; then the scion part is wrapped with a plastic film to be sealed. The invention greatly improves the survival rate of grafting by controlling the processes of management after grafting, old pile transplanting and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of camellia tree planting, in particular to a high-survival-rate camellia tree grafting method.
Background
The camellia is a traditional ornamental flower in China, ranks eighth in the ten famous flowers, and is also one of famous and precious flowers and trees in the world. The sex is pleased with warm and humid environment, the florescence is long, the florescence is open from 10 months to 5 months in the next year, and the full florescence is usually 1-3 months. The common propagation methods of camellia include cuttage, grafting, layering, sowing, tissue culture and the like, and the cuttage is generally used as the standard. The conventional grafting is carried out in 5-6 months when new shoots are semi-lignified, the grafted shoots take a little, the rootstocks mainly comprise camellia oleifera, the seeds are harvested in 10 months, the seedlings are stored in sand in winter, the seedlings are sowed in 4 th of the next year in ten days, and the seedlings can be used for grafting when the seedlings grow to 4-5cm, but the actual grafting survival rate is not high.
In order to improve the grafting survival rate of camellia, a growth hormone method is adopted, before grafting, the stock and the scion are soaked in the plant growth hormone, and the survival rate of the scion is improved by improving the activity and the growth of the callus. However, the survival rate of the method is still low by adopting the old stumps as the rootstocks, and the highest survival rate is less than 90%.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a camellia tree grafting method with high survival rate, which utilizes old camellia oil piles as rootstocks to improve the survival rate to more than 90% on the basis of shortening the time for cultivating the rootstocks.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a high-survival-rate camellia tree grafting method is characterized in that healthy camellia oleifera old piles for more than 10 years are selected as stocks, trunks of the stocks are cut off, the stocks are transplanted to a planting field, a shed is built for shading after planting, grafting is carried out when the stocks are slightly half lignified in spring after survival, during grafting, a blade is used for vertically cutting off cortex layers of the stocks to ensure that xylem is seen but not damaged, scions are inserted into the cortex layers of the stocks, and the insertion depth is based on the arc surface slightly exposing cutting surfaces of the scions; then, the scion part is wound by a plastic film to be sealed, and when the sprouts start to sprout, small holes are drilled on the coated film and at the corresponding sprouting positions for the sprouts to grow out.
Further, the camellia grafting method with high survival rate is realized by the following specific steps:
(1) selecting old piles: selecting old oil tea piles which are free of plant diseases and insect pests and have more than 10 years old;
(2) transplanting old piles: before transplanting, the old pile is cut to be dry at a height of 10-15cm from soil, a few leaves are left properly to promote the growth of a root system, then a main root is cut, and the rotten or injured root system is cut, the retention condition of a lateral root is determined by combining the condition of a tree crown reserved by a pile material, but more capillary roots are retained, the capillary roots are protected from being damaged in the transplanting process, and a shed is built to shade after the old pile is planted;
(3) grafting: preparing scions according to one bud and one scion, and grafting when the scions are slightly half lignified in spring of 6-7 months;
(4) and (4) management after connection: the first year of grafting is not fertilized, and only water retention and shade are carried out, wherein the basis of water retention is based on the condition that the soil around the rootstock is not dry; fertilizing in the second year of grafting, mainly applying nitrogen fertilizer once every 10-15 days, applying 100-plus 150g of nitrogen fertilizer with the concentration of 0.5-1% to each tree, no longer applying fertilizer after 8 months, and continuing to preserve and shade water, wherein the basis of preserving water is the same as that in the first year; and in the third year of grafting, removing the shade shed, and culturing the pipes in a conventional manner.
Further, the selection method of the healthy old oil tea piles is to lightly scrape the outer surface of the bark by hand, and if the bark is green, the healthy old oil tea piles are represented.
Further, in the old pile transplanting process, slurry is coated on the position, with the cross section of the wound exceeding 5cm, generated by pruning, and the coating thickness is 0.5-1 mm.
Further, after the old pile is dug out and before planting, the temporary planting is carried out in a conventional mode.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) old piles of more than 10 years are selected, the culture time of the stocks is reduced, and the grafting quality is improved by reasonably selecting the old piles;
(2) the survival rate of the old pile is greatly improved through treatments of the old pile transplanting process, such as stem cutting, capillary root retention and the like, and a foundation is laid for the survival rate of grafting;
(3) the survival rate of grafting is greatly improved (more than 90 percent) by controlling the processes of management after grafting, old pile transplanting and the like.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further elucidated with reference to specific embodiments. The following are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent or similar substitutes should fall within the scope of protection of the invention without departing from the inventive concept. The following portions, which are not described in detail, are all referred to as conventional techniques in the art.
Example one
The high-survival-rate camellia tree grafting method is realized through the following specific steps:
(1) selecting old piles: selecting old oil tea piles which are free of plant diseases and insect pests and are more than 10 years as stocks, and selecting the old oil tea piles by lightly scraping the outer surfaces of barks by hands, wherein if the barks are green, the old oil tea piles represent healthy old oil tea piles;
(2) transplanting old piles: before transplanting, the old pile is cut to be dry at a height of 10-15cm from soil, a few leaves are left properly to promote the growth of a root system, then a main root is cut, and the rotten or injured root system is cut, the retention condition of a side root is determined by combining the condition of a tree crown reserved by a pile material, but more capillary roots are retained, the capillary roots are protected from being injured in the transplanting process, meanwhile, slurry is coated on the part of the cross section of a wound generated by pruning, which exceeds 5cm, the coating thickness is 0.5-1mm, and a shed is built to shade the old pile after the old pile is planted;
(3) grafting: preparing a scion according to one bud and one scion, grafting when the scion is slightly semi-lignified in spring of 6-7 months, vertically cutting off a cortex of a stock by using a blade during grafting to ensure that xylem is seen but the xylem is not damaged, inserting the scion into the cortex of the stock, and taking the insertion depth as the standard of a circular arc surface slightly exposing a scion cutting surface; then, winding the scion part with a plastic film to seal the scion part, and picking small holes on the coated film and corresponding to the sprouts for the sprouts to grow out when the sprouts start to sprout;
(4) and (4) management after connection: the first year of grafting is not fertilized, and only water retention and shade are carried out, wherein the basis of water retention is based on the condition that the soil around the rootstock is not dry; fertilizing in the second year of grafting, mainly applying nitrogen fertilizer once every 10-15 days, applying 100-plus 150g of nitrogen fertilizer with the concentration of 0.5-1% to each tree, no longer applying fertilizer after 8 months, and continuing to preserve and shade water, wherein the basis of preserving water is the same as that in the first year; and in the third year of grafting, removing the shade shed, and culturing the pipes in a conventional manner.
The grafting survival rate of the embodiment reaches 92.5 percent.
Example two
The high-survival-rate camellia tree grafting method is realized through the following specific steps:
(1) selecting old piles: selecting old oil tea piles which are free of plant diseases and insect pests and are more than 10 years as stocks, and selecting the old oil tea piles by lightly scraping the outer surfaces of barks by hands, wherein if the barks are green, the old oil tea piles represent healthy old oil tea piles;
(2) transplanting old piles: before transplanting, the old pile is cut to be dry at a height of 10-15cm from soil, a few leaves are left properly to promote the growth of a root system, then a main root, a rotten or injured root system are cut off, the retention condition of a lateral root is determined by combining the condition of a tree crown reserved by a pile material, but more capillary roots are retained, the capillary roots are protected from being injured in the transplanting process, meanwhile, slurry is coated on the part, with the cross section of a wound exceeding 5cm, generated by pruning, of the part, the coated thickness of the part is 0.5-1mm, and transplanting is carried out when the wound does not flow water; after the old pile is dug out and before planting, performing temporary planting in a conventional mode; building a shed to shade after the old piles are planted;
(3) grafting: preparing scions according to one bud and one scion, grafting when the scions are slightly semi-lignified in spring of 6-7 months, vertically cutting off cortex of the stock by using a blade during grafting, ensuring that xylem is seen but not damaged, about 2 cm in length, slightly opening the cortex from two sides, and continuously expanding and prying parts from two sides by using ox horn slices or bamboo slices until the scions are inserted enough; the pried cortex must be intact and not very broken or difficult to heal; inserting the scion into the cortex of the stock, wherein the insertion depth is based on the arc surface slightly exposed out of the scion cut surface; then, winding the scion part with a plastic film to seal the scion part, and picking small holes on the coated film and corresponding to the sprouts for the sprouts to grow out when the sprouts start to sprout;
(4) and (4) management after connection: the first year of grafting is not fertilized, and only water retention and shade are carried out, wherein the basis of water retention is based on the condition that the soil around the rootstock is not dry; fertilizing in the second year of grafting, mainly applying nitrogen fertilizer once every 10-15 days, applying 100-plus 150g of nitrogen fertilizer with the concentration of 0.5-1% to each tree, no longer applying fertilizer after 8 months, and continuing to preserve and shade water, wherein the basis of preserving water is the same as that in the first year; and in the third year of grafting, removing the shade shed, and culturing the pipes in a conventional manner.
The grafting survival rate of the embodiment reaches about 94%.
Claims (4)
1. A high-survival-rate camellia tree grafting method is characterized in that healthy camellia oleifera old piles for more than 10 years are selected as stocks, trunks of the stocks are cut off, the stocks are transplanted to a planting field, a shed is built for shading after planting, grafting is carried out when the stocks are slightly half lignified in spring after survival, during grafting, a blade is used for vertically cutting off cortex layers of the stocks to ensure that xylem is seen but not damaged, scions are inserted into the cortex layers of the stocks, and the insertion depth is based on the arc surface slightly exposing cutting surfaces of the scions; then, the scion part is wound by a plastic film to be sealed, and when the sprouts start to sprout, small holes are drilled on the coated film and at the corresponding sprouting positions for the sprouts to grow out.
2. The high survival rate camellia tree grafting method according to claim 1, which is realized by the following specific steps:
(1) selecting old piles: selecting old oil tea piles which are free of plant diseases and insect pests and have more than 10 years old;
(2) transplanting old piles: before transplanting, the old pile is cut to be dry at a height of 10-15cm from soil, a few leaves are left properly to promote the growth of a root system, then a main root is cut, and the rotten or injured root system is cut, the retention condition of a lateral root is determined by combining the condition of a tree crown reserved by a pile material, but more capillary roots are retained, the capillary roots are protected from being damaged in the transplanting process, and a shed is built to shade after the old pile is planted;
(3) grafting: preparing scions according to one bud and one scion, and grafting when the scions are slightly half lignified in spring of 6-7 months;
(4) and (4) management after connection: the first year of grafting is not fertilized, and only water retention and shade are carried out, wherein the basis of water retention is based on the condition that the soil around the rootstock is not dry; fertilizing in the second year of grafting, mainly applying nitrogen fertilizer once every 10-15 days, applying 100-plus 150g of nitrogen fertilizer with the concentration of 0.5-1% to each tree, no longer applying fertilizer after 8 months, and continuing to preserve and shade water, wherein the basis of preserving water is the same as that in the first year; and in the third year of grafting, removing the shade shed, and culturing the pipes in a conventional manner.
3. The high survival rate camellia tree grafting method according to claim 2, wherein the healthy old camellia oleifera stumps are selected by lightly scraping the outer surface of the bark with hands, and if the bark is green, the healthy old camellia oleifera stumps are represented.
4. The grafting method of camellia tree with high survival rate as claimed in claim 3, wherein the slurry is applied to the portion of the cut cross section exceeding 5cm generated by pruning during the old pile transplanting process, and the applied thickness is 0.5-1 mm.
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| CN202011212826.6A CN112166853A (en) | 2020-11-04 | 2020-11-04 | High-survival-rate camellia tree grafting method |
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| CN202011212826.6A CN112166853A (en) | 2020-11-04 | 2020-11-04 | High-survival-rate camellia tree grafting method |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104705073A (en) * | 2013-12-12 | 2015-06-17 | 桂林兴安县湘桂茶花产业有限责任公司 | Ornamental camellia grafting cultivation method |
| CN107439326A (en) * | 2017-10-12 | 2017-12-08 | 三江县稻香山茶油生态发展有限公司 | A kind of method of tea oil tree grafting camellia |
| CN110226424A (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2019-09-13 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | A kind of oil tea grafting of tender branch method |
-
2020
- 2020-11-04 CN CN202011212826.6A patent/CN112166853A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104705073A (en) * | 2013-12-12 | 2015-06-17 | 桂林兴安县湘桂茶花产业有限责任公司 | Ornamental camellia grafting cultivation method |
| CN107439326A (en) * | 2017-10-12 | 2017-12-08 | 三江县稻香山茶油生态发展有限公司 | A kind of method of tea oil tree grafting camellia |
| CN110226424A (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2019-09-13 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | A kind of oil tea grafting of tender branch method |
Non-Patent Citations (7)
| Title |
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| 余乃明等: "大树型山茶快速培育技术", 《广西林业科学》 * |
| 俞建妹等: "油茶老桩换冠嫁接金花茶技术探讨", 《农业技术与装备》 * |
| 刘崟艳: "低产油茶嫁接精品茶花技术初探", 《南方农业》 * |
| 唐春红: "利用油茶砧木嫁接名贵茶花的技术探究", 《广东蚕业》 * |
| 唐遒冥: "古桩嫁接金花茶", 《中国花卉盆景》 * |
| 康志坚: "大桩油茶换冠山茶花技术", 《林业勘察设计》 * |
| 韩国勇: "油茶大树作山茶花砧木的移植养护技术研究", 《林业勘察设计》 * |
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Application publication date: 20210105 |