CN104969780B - Hei Beila engrafting method - Google Patents
Hei Beila engrafting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104969780B CN104969780B CN201510412175.8A CN201510412175A CN104969780B CN 104969780 B CN104969780 B CN 104969780B CN 201510412175 A CN201510412175 A CN 201510412175A CN 104969780 B CN104969780 B CN 104969780B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Hei Beila engrafting method, the method for carrying out grafting using three kinds of grafting periods simultaneously to oil tea stub：After the transplanting of oil tea stub, by the outside branch of Hei Beila branch grafting to oil tea stub；In one month after the inside branch rudiment of oil tea stub, by the sprout on branch inside Hei Beila branch grafting to oil tea stub；When the field planting next year growth of oil tea stub is vigorous, the sprout on Hei Beila branches is taken to be grafted onto on the inside branch of oil tea stub.Obtain graft survival rate and be higher than a kind of independent engrafting method in period, after its grafting can Blooming, the time of capping shortens, and can quickly obtain the high Hei Beila camellias of economic value.The big tree of fine work Hei Beila camellias of capping can be obtained after its grafting in the time of 9 months, cion survival rate reaches more than 85%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of engrafting method of oil tea, and in particular to a kind of black shellfish is pulled in three kinds of different grafting periods and transferred
The technical method connect.
Background technology
Oil tea and camellia belong to Theaceae shrub together, and the former seed propagation is easy, and drought-enduring cold-resistant is extremely strong, at present China's oil
There is substantial amounts of adult low yield camellia oleifera lam in tea producing region, and it yields poorly down, deficiency in economic performance；The latter be the traditional ornamental flower of China it
One, because its flower-shape is gorgeous in riotous profusion, greenery are green for a long time, have two big advantages of the strength of character of the gorgeous and plum blossom of tree peony concurrently, and deep by people
Like, camellia to growing environment require it is harsher, fear wind happiness sun, be typically grown in invigorating physical features, air circulation, warm and moist,
The fertile area of its well-drained loosing soil.Therefore, people utilize graft technology, by rare camellia grafting to low yield
On tea oil tree, by reasonably managing, the substantial amounts of camellia seedlings for being adapted to most area plantation are can obtain in 3~4 years,
Economic benefit is improved, more people is watched camellia.
The technology of current tea oil tree grafting camellia has that cultivation period is long, and graft survival rate is low, the camellia that grafting is obtained
The problems such as flower tree crown is small, therefore the graft technology method of the big tree-shaped fine work camellia of quickly breeding is provided as those skilled in the art
Assistant officer's technical problem to be solved.
The content of invention
It is an object of the invention to solve at least the above and defect, and provide the advantage that at least will be described later.
The invention provides a kind of Hei Beila engrafting method, oil tea stub is used and carried out in three kinds of different grafting periods
The method of grafting, obtains graft survival rate and is higher than a kind of independent engrafting method in period, after its grafting can Blooming, during capping
Between shorten, can obtain the big tree of fine work Hei Beila camellias of capping in the time of 9 months, cion survival rate reach 85% with
On.
In order to realize object of the present invention and further advantage there is provided a kind of Hei Beila engrafting method, at three
Hei Beila is grafted onto on oil tea stub by period successively, is specially：
(1) first period：After the transplanting of oil tea stub, by the outside branch of Hei Beila branch grafting to oil tea stub
On；
(2) second periods：In one month after the inside branch rudiment of oil tea stub, by Hei Beila branch grafting extremely
On sprout on the inside branch of oil tea stub；
(3) the 3rd periods：When the field planting next year growth of oil tea stub is vigorous, the sprout on Hei Beila branch is taken to be grafted onto
On the inside branch of oil tea stub.
Preferably, Hei Beila is grafted onto successively three periods on oil tea stub and uses embedding bark graft graft technology side
Method.
Preferably, the grafting in the second described period comprises the following steps：In to be grafted apart from oil tea stub
Cut off at 1~2cm of tender shoots base portion on portion's branch, a depth 1 is cut vertically downward in tender shoots otch centre with grafting blade
~1.5cm opening, by the lower end of Hei Beila branch scion cut into the corresponding wedge-formed incision of the opening, opened described
Plant nutrition liquid is smeared respectively at mouth and wedge-formed incision, in the opening that Hei Beila branch scion is inserted to tender shoots, forms grafting,
Ensure that the opening of otch and tender shoots of scion, at least while align, 2~3 circles is tied up with plastic ties and tie up grafting tightly.
Preferably, from the Hei Beila branches that length is 40 centimetres of semi-lignifieds grown in spring as scion.
Preferably, the scion average production of the grafting is to 20~30cm length, the standard sold as capping again.
Preferably, the oil tea stub is being transplanted to 10~15 days before nursery, and the nursery site preparation is sterilized, and site preparation disappears
After the completion of poison, soil, which is watered, soaks soil, during 1~2 day before transplanting is embedded in the nursery soil that site preparation is sterilized
The dregs of a decoction, vinegar grain, the compound of urea and potassium chloride.
Preferably, the preparation method of described Chinese medicine slag is：The decocting for Chinese herbal medicine residue that parts by weight are 50~60 parts is taken,
Fishbone dreg of the parts by weight for 20~30 parts, the mixture of pig bone slag are added, is stirred, with ultrasonic disintegrator by mixture powder
It is broken, then mixture is placed in fermentation tank, addition lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycete, and pour into the rice washing that parts by weight are 10~20 parts
Water, is stirred, and then fermentation tank sealing is placed under sunlight and fermented 15~20 days, Chinese medicine slag is produced.
Preferably, before the grafting in the first period, to the outside branch and Hei Beila branch of oil tea stub to be grafted
Scion respective pretreatment：
A, oil tea stub outside shoot apex to be grafted cut, sprayed successively in the grafting incision of the outside branch
One layer of absolute ethyl alcohol and water are spilt, one layer of glycerine is covered, is wrapped up with lighttight newspaper, newspaper of being dismantled after 1~2 day, described outer
The incision of portion's branch smears plant nutrition liquid, waits to be grafted；
B, Hei Beila branch scion, retain 4~6 buds and 1~3 leaf, unnecessary buds and leaves are erased, by scion
Grafting end be trimmed to the tapered end corresponding with the grafting otch of stock branch, the tapered end of scion is wrapped up with marine alga,
One layer of nutrient solution containing gibberellin, the basic element of cell division, heteroauxin and water is sprayed on the marine alga, sea is tightened with transparent membrane
Algae, described scion is placed in 10~15 DEG C of moist closet of darkness 1~2 day, then removes the scion tapered end parcel
Marine alga, the tapered end incision smear plant nutrition liquid, wait to be grafted.
The present invention at least includes following beneficial effect：
Firstth, the method for carrying out grafting in three kinds of different grafting periods is used to oil tea stub, high graft survival rate is obtained
In a kind of independent engrafting method in period, after its grafting can Blooming, the capping time shortens, can be in the time of 9 months
The fine work shellfish for obtaining capping draws the big tree of camellia, and cion survival rate reaches more than 85%；
Secondth, using embedding bark graft engrafting method, the otch of stock and scion is smaller, and wound healing is fast, high graft survival rate,
Branch is drawn to be used as scion from the shellfish of the healthy no disease and pests harm of growing way, it is ensured that the nutritional ingredient of grafting part, while reducing wound
Courses of infection；
3rd, the tender shoots on branch is growing one month in, the nutrient solution in branch be enriched with herein it is more, in oil tea stub
Inside branch on tender shoots on grafting, grafting otch nutrient solution is sufficient, and wound healing is very fast, while adding on oil tea stub
Grafting amount, improve oil tea stub utilization rate so that the Hei Beila of the oil tea stub of grafting survival capping is more, makes Bei La
Grafting stub economic value is higher；
4th, nursery shifts to an earlier date site preparation sterilization, provides good growing environment for the oil tea stub of transplanting, the soil in nursery
The middle compound for being embedded to Chinese medicine slag, vinegar grain, urea and potassium chloride, enough nutrients are provided for oil tea stub, are that later stage grafting is done
Good sufficient preparation, will be enriched in the micro- Chinese medicine slag needed for a large amount of plant growths and the fish rich in elements such as phosphorus matter, calcium
Bone slag, the mixture of pig bone slag are combined, fermented obtained Chinese medicine slag, can improve the content of soil with organic matter, and to soil
Having some improvement for earth grain structure, makes soil fertility get a promotion；
5th, trimming shoot apex weakens apical dominance so that the nutrient of branch is more retained in the incision of grafting,
Spray one layer of absolute ethyl alcohol to sterilize branch notch depth, strengthen antibacterial, the antibacterial ability of incision, spray one layer of water and covering
One layer of glycerine, pins the moisture of incision, while glycerine is in incision formation layer protecting film, the incision sprinkling of scion branch
Nutrient solution, and in one layer of marine alga of outer wrap, the moisture of scion branch cutting part is pinned, marine alga can pass through itself internal color
Ferritic and photosynthesis carry out synthesis of organic substance, have coordination synergy with the gibberellin in nutrient solution, the basic element of cell division, heteroauxin
Effect, provide a kind of diaphragm for the otch of scion branch, accelerate the hyperplasia of scion otch and stock incision, and
Ensure that the nutritional ingredient needed for wound healing, stock otch and scion incision have layer protecting film so that wound with it is outer
Boundary's air exclusion, plays a part of bacteriostasis antibiosis, substantially increases the survival rate of grafting so that and survival rate improves 10~
15%.
Embodiment：
<Embodiment 1>
A kind of Hei Beila engrafting method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
The oil tea stub is being transplanted to 10 days before nursery, and the nursery site preparation is sterilized, after the completion of site preparation sterilization, to soil
Earth, which waters, soaks soil, is 1 part of Chinese medicine in the parts by weight that are embedded in the nursery soil that site preparation is sterilized for first 1 day of transplanting
Slag, 25 parts of vinegar grains, the compound of 10 parts of urea and 45 parts of potassium chloride, nursery shift to an earlier date site preparation sterilization, are carried for the oil tea stub of transplanting
For good growing environment, Chinese medicine slag, vinegar grain, urea and potassium chloride are embedded in the soil in nursery, foot is provided for oil tea stub
Enough nutrients, are the preparation that abundance is carried out in later stage grafting；
The preparation method of wherein described Chinese medicine slag is：Take parts by weight be 50 parts astragalus mongholicus and hedysarum polybotrys, Poria cocos, Radix Angelicae Sinensis and
Residue after the decocting for Chinese herbal medicine of radix glycyrrhizae mixing, adds fishbone dreg, the mixture of pig bone slag that parts by weight are 20 parts, and stirring is equal
It is even, mixture is crushed with ultrasonic disintegrator, the weight ratio of the wherein mixing of fishbone dreg and pig bone slag is 1: 1, then will mixing
Thing is placed in fermentation tank, lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycete of the addition parts by weight for 1 part, and the weight ratio of wherein lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycete is
1: 1.2, and it is 10 parts of rice washing water to pour into parts by weight, is stirred, then fermentation tank sealing is placed under sunlight and ferments 15
My god, Chinese medicine slag is produced, the micro- Chinese medicine slag needed for a large amount of plant growths and the fish rich in elements such as phosphorus matter, calcium is will be enriched in
Bone slag, the mixture of pig bone slag are combined, fermented obtained Chinese medicine slag, can improve the content of soil with organic matter, and to soil
Having some improvement for earth grain structure, makes soil fertility get a promotion.
From the vigorous oil tea stub of growth raw in no disease and pests harm 10 years to its advance cutting lateral root, transplanting to above-mentioned seedling
Graft stock is used as in garden；The scion with a collection of 30 Hei Beila is randomly choosed, be 40 centimetres from length grows in spring
The Hei Beila branches of semi-lignified are used as scion.
Hei Beila is grafted onto on oil tea stub successively three periods, using embedding bark graft graft technology method, used
The otch of embedding bark graft engrafting method, stock and scion is smaller, and wound healing is fast, and high graft survival rate is disease-free from growing way health
The shellfish of insect pest draws branch to be used as scion, it is ensured that the nutritional ingredient of grafting part, while reducing the courses of infection of wound, is specially：
(1) first period：After the transplanting of oil tea stub, the outside branch of 5 oil tea stubs is chosen, it is to be grafted, choose 5
Standby Hei Beila branch scion, before grafting, the branch of outside branch and Hei Beila to oil tea stub to be grafted connects
Fringe respective pretreatment：
A, oil tea stub outside shoot apex to be grafted cut, sprayed successively in the grafting incision of the outside branch
One layer of absolute ethyl alcohol and water are spilt, one layer of glycerine is covered, is wrapped up with lighttight newspaper, newspaper of being dismantled after 1 day, in the outside branch
The incision of bar is smeared containing the plant hormone, 5 parts of the basic element of cell division, 12 parts of auximone that parts by weight are 3~5 parts
With the plant nutrition liquid of 70 parts of water, wait to be grafted, trimming shoot apex weakens apical dominance so that the nutrient of branch is more
The incision of grafting is retained in, one layer of absolute ethyl alcohol of sprinkling is sterilized to branch notch depth, strengthens antibacterial, the antibacterial energy of incision
Power, sprays one layer of glycerine of one layer of water and covering, pins the moisture of incision, while glycerine is in incision formation layer protecting film；
B, Hei Beila branch scion, retain 4 buds and 1 leaf, unnecessary buds and leaves are erased, by the grafting of scion
End is trimmed to the tapered end corresponding with the grafting otch of stock branch, the tapered end of scion is wrapped up with marine alga, in the sea
One layer of nutrient solution containing gibberellin, the basic element of cell division, heteroauxin and water is sprayed on algae, the parts by weight of wherein gibberellin are
7 parts, the basic element of cell division is 15 parts, and water is 75 parts, and marine alga is tightened with transparent membrane, and described scion is placed in into dark 10 DEG C
1 day in moist closet, the marine alga of the scion tapered end parcel is then removed, parts by weight are smeared in the incision of the tapered end
For the plant nutrition liquid of 3 parts of plant hormone, 5 parts of the basic element of cell division, 12 parts of auximone and 70 parts of water, wait is transferred
Connect；The incision sprinkling nutrient solution of scion branch, and in one layer of marine alga of outer wrap, pin the water of scion branch cutting part
Point, marine alga can be by itself internal chromatoplast and photosynthesis come the gibberellin in synthesis of organic substance, with nutrient solution, cell
Mitogen, heteroauxin play the role of to coordinate synergy, provide a kind of diaphragm for the otch of scion branch, accelerate scion otch
With the hyperplasia of stock incision, and the nutritional ingredient needed for wound healing is ensure that, stock otch and scion incision are equal
There is layer protecting film so that wound completely cuts off with outside air, plays a part of bacteriostasis antibiosis, substantially increases surviving for grafting
Rate so that survival rate improves 10~15%；
(2) second periods：In one month after the inside branch rudiment of oil tea stub, 6 internal branch conducts are chosen
Grafting twig, by the sprout on the inside branch of Hei Beila branch grafting to oil tea stub, the tender shoots on branch is growing
In one month, the nutrient solution in branch is enriched with more herein, and grafting on the tender shoots on the inside branch of oil tea stub, grafting is cut
Mouth nutrient solution is sufficient, and wound healing is very fast, while adding the grafting amount on oil tea stub, improves the utilization rate of oil tea stub,
So that the Hei Beila of the oil tea stub of grafting survival capping is more, shellfish is set to draw grafting stub economic value higher, specific grafting
Comprise the following steps：Cut off at the tender shoots base portion 1cm on the inside branch to be grafted apart from oil tea stub, use grafting blade
Cut depth 1cm opening vertically downward in tender shoots otch centre, by the lower end of Hei Beila branch scion cut into
The corresponding wedge-formed incision of the opening, smeared respectively at the opening and wedge-formed incision plant hormone that parts by weight are 3 parts,
The plant nutrition liquid of 5 parts of the basic element of cell division, 12 parts of auximone and 70 parts of water, Hei Beila branch scion is inserted
In the opening of tender shoots, grafting is formed, it is ensured that the otch of scion is with the opening of tender shoots at least while align, and 2 circles are tied up with plastic ties will
Grafting is tied up tight；
(3) the 3rd periods：When the field planting next year growth of oil tea stub is vigorous, 10 internal branches for choosing oil tea stub are made
For grafting twig, the sprout on Hei Beila branch is taken to be grafted onto on the inside branch of oil tea stub.
Complete after whole grafting procedures, every observation in 5 days once, and supply moisture and nutrient, black shellfish to be grafted in time
Draw branch average production to 20cm length, that is, reach again the standard that capping is sold.
<Embodiment 2>
A kind of Hei Beila engrafting method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
The oil tea stub is being transplanted to 15 days before nursery, and the nursery site preparation is sterilized, after the completion of site preparation sterilization, to soil
Earth, which waters, soaks soil, is 2 parts of Chinese medicines in the parts by weight that are embedded in the nursery soil that site preparation is sterilized for first 2 days of transplanting
Slag, 35 parts of vinegar grains, the compound of 15 parts of urea and 65 parts of potassium chloride, nursery shift to an earlier date site preparation sterilization, are carried for the oil tea stub of transplanting
For good growing environment, Chinese medicine slag, vinegar grain, urea and potassium chloride are embedded in the soil in nursery, foot is provided for oil tea stub
Enough nutrients, are the preparation that abundance is carried out in later stage grafting；
The preparation method of wherein described Chinese medicine slag is：Take Radix Codonopsis, the bighead atractylodes rhizome, balloonflower root, Chinese yam, five that parts by weight are 60 parts
Residue after the decocting for Chinese herbal medicine of taste mixing, adds fishbone dreg, the mixture of pig bone slag that parts by weight are 30 parts, and stirring is equal
It is even, mixture is crushed with ultrasonic disintegrator, the weight ratio of the wherein mixing of fishbone dreg and pig bone slag is 1: 1.5, then will be mixed
Compound is placed in fermentation tank, and addition parts by weight are 2 parts of lactic acid bacteria and the weight ratio of saccharomycete, wherein lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycete
For 1: 2, and the rice washing water that parts by weight are 20 parts is poured into, stirred, then fermentation tank sealing is placed under sunlight and ferments 20
My god, Chinese medicine slag is produced, the micro- Chinese medicine slag needed for a large amount of plant growths and the fish rich in elements such as phosphorus matter, calcium is will be enriched in
Bone slag, the mixture of pig bone slag are combined, fermented obtained Chinese medicine slag, can improve the content of soil with organic matter, and to soil
Having some improvement for earth grain structure, makes soil fertility get a promotion.
From the vigorous oil tea stub of growth raw in no disease and pests harm 25 years to its advance cutting lateral root, transplanting to above-mentioned seedling
Graft stock is used as in garden；The scion with a collection of 30 Hei Beila is randomly choosed, be 40 centimetres from length grows in spring
The Hei Beila branches of semi-lignified are used as scion.
Hei Beila is grafted onto on oil tea stub successively three periods, using embedding bark graft graft technology method, used
The otch of embedding bark graft engrafting method, stock and scion is smaller, and wound healing is fast, and high graft survival rate is disease-free from growing way health
The shellfish of insect pest draws branch to be used as scion, it is ensured that the nutritional ingredient of grafting part, while reducing the courses of infection of wound, is specially：
(1) first period：After the transplanting of oil tea stub, the outside branch of 8 oil tea stubs is chosen, it is to be grafted, choose 8
Standby Hei Beila branch scion, before grafting, the branch of outside branch and Hei Beila to oil tea stub to be grafted connects
Fringe respective pretreatment：
A, oil tea stub outside shoot apex to be grafted cut, sprayed successively in the grafting incision of the outside branch
One layer of absolute ethyl alcohol and water are spilt, one layer of glycerine is covered, is wrapped up with lighttight newspaper, newspaper of being dismantled after 2 days, in the outside branch
It is 5 parts of plant hormone that the incision of bar, which is smeared containing parts by weight, 10 parts of the basic element of cell division, 15 parts of auximone and
The plant nutrition liquid of 80 parts of water, waits to be grafted, and trimming shoot apex weakens apical dominance so that the nutrient of branch is more protected
The incision of grafting is stayed in, one layer of absolute ethyl alcohol of sprinkling is sterilized to branch notch depth, strengthens antibacterial, the antibacterial energy of incision
Power, sprays one layer of glycerine of one layer of water and covering, pins the moisture of incision, while glycerine is in incision formation layer protecting film；
B, Hei Beila branch scion, retain 6 buds and 3 leaves, unnecessary buds and leaves are erased, by the grafting of scion
End is trimmed to the tapered end corresponding with the grafting otch of stock branch, the tapered end of scion is wrapped up with marine alga, in the sea
One layer of nutrient solution containing gibberellin, the basic element of cell division, heteroauxin and water is sprayed on algae, the parts by weight of wherein gibberellin are
10 parts, the basic element of cell division is 20 parts, and water is 85 parts, and marine alga is tightened with transparent membrane, and described scion is placed in into 15 DEG C of darkness
Moist closet in 2 days, then remove the marine alga of scion tapered end parcel, parts by weight smeared in the incision of the tapered end
Number is the plant nutrition liquid of 5 parts of plant hormone, 10 parts of the basic element of cell division, 15 parts of auximone and 80 parts of water, etc.
It is to be grafted；The incision sprinkling nutrient solution of scion branch, and in one layer of marine alga of outer wrap, pin scion branch cutting part
Moisture, marine alga can be by itself internal chromatoplast and photosynthesis come the gibberellin in synthesis of organic substance, with nutrient solution, thin
Born of the same parents' mitogen, heteroauxin play the role of to coordinate synergy, provide a kind of diaphragm for the otch of scion branch, accelerate scion and cut
The hyperplasia of mouth and stock incision, and ensure that the nutritional ingredient needed for wound healing, stock otch and scion incision
There is layer protecting film so that wound completely cuts off with outside air, plays a part of bacteriostasis antibiosis, substantially increases surviving for grafting
Rate so that survival rate improves 10~15%；
(2) second periods：In one month after the inside branch rudiment of oil tea stub, 8 internal branch conducts are chosen
Grafting twig, by the sprout on the inside branch of Hei Beila branch grafting to oil tea stub, the tender shoots on branch is growing
In one month, the nutrient solution in branch is enriched with more herein, and grafting on the tender shoots on the inside branch of oil tea stub, grafting is cut
Mouth nutrient solution is sufficient, and wound healing is very fast, while adding the grafting amount on oil tea stub, improves the utilization rate of oil tea stub,
So that the Hei Beila of the oil tea stub of grafting survival capping is more, shellfish is set to draw grafting stub economic value higher, specific grafting
Comprise the following steps：Cut off at the tender shoots base portion 2cm on the inside branch to be grafted apart from oil tea stub, use grafting blade
Depth 1.5cm opening is cut vertically downward in tender shoots otch centre, and the lower end of Hei Beila branch scion is cut into
With the corresponding wedge-formed incision of the opening, smear the plant that parts by weight are 5 parts respectively at the opening and wedge-formed incision and swash
The plant nutrition liquid of element, 10 parts of the basic element of cell division, 15 parts of auximone and 80 parts of water, by Hei Beila branch scion
In the opening for inserting tender shoots, grafting is formed, it is ensured that the otch of scion and the opening of tender shoots tie up 3 at least while align with plastic ties
Circle ties up grafting tightly；
(3) the 3rd periods：When the field planting next year growth of oil tea stub is vigorous, 20 internal branches for choosing oil tea stub are made
For grafting twig, the sprout on Hei Beila branch is taken to be grafted onto on the inside branch of oil tea stub.
Complete after whole grafting procedures, every observation in 8 days once, and supply moisture and nutrient, black shellfish to be grafted in time
Draw branch average production to 30cm length, that is, reach again the standard that capping is sold.
<Embodiment 3>
A kind of Hei Beila engrafting method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
The oil tea stub is being transplanted to 13 days before nursery, and the nursery site preparation is sterilized, after the completion of site preparation sterilization, to soil
Earth, which waters, soaks soil, is 2 parts of Chinese medicines in the parts by weight that are embedded in the nursery soil that site preparation is sterilized for first 2 days of transplanting
Slag, 30 parts of vinegar grains, the compound of 13 parts of urea and 58 parts of potassium chloride, nursery shift to an earlier date site preparation sterilization, are carried for the oil tea stub of transplanting
For good growing environment, Chinese medicine slag, vinegar grain, urea and potassium chloride are embedded in the soil in nursery, foot is provided for oil tea stub
Enough nutrients, are the preparation that abundance is carried out in later stage grafting；
The preparation method of wherein described Chinese medicine slag is：Take the Radix Astragali, the fruit of Chinese magnoliavine, rhizoma Gastrodiae, cassia twig that parts by weight are 55 parts
Residue after the decocting for Chinese herbal medicine of mixing, adds fishbone dreg, the mixture of pig bone slag that parts by weight are 25 parts, stirs, use
Ultrasonic disintegrator crushes mixture, and the weight ratio of the wherein mixing of fishbone dreg and pig bone slag is 1: 1.2, then puts mixture
In fermentation tank, lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycete of the addition parts by weight for 2 parts, the wherein weight ratio of lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycete is 1:
1.5, and the rice washing water that parts by weight are 15 parts is poured into, stir, then fermentation tank sealing be placed under sunlight and fermented 18 days,
Chinese medicine slag is produced, the micro- Chinese medicine slag needed for a large amount of plant growths and the fish-bone rich in elements such as phosphorus matter, calcium is will be enriched in
Slag, the mixture of pig bone slag are combined, fermented obtained Chinese medicine slag, can improve the content of soil with organic matter, and to soil
Having some improvement for grain structure, makes soil fertility get a promotion.
From the vigorous oil tea stub of growth raw in no disease and pests harm 20 years to its advance cutting lateral root, transplanting to above-mentioned seedling
Graft stock is used as in garden；The scion with a collection of 30 Hei Beila is randomly choosed, be 40 centimetres from length grows in spring
The Hei Beila branches of semi-lignified are used as scion.
Hei Beila is grafted onto on oil tea stub successively three periods, using embedding bark graft graft technology method, used
The otch of embedding bark graft engrafting method, stock and scion is smaller, and wound healing is fast, and high graft survival rate is disease-free from growing way health
The shellfish of insect pest draws branch to be used as scion, it is ensured that the nutritional ingredient of grafting part, while reducing the courses of infection of wound, is specially：
(1) first period：After the transplanting of oil tea stub, the outside branch of 6 oil tea stubs is chosen, it is to be grafted, choose 6
Standby Hei Beila branch scion, before grafting, the branch of outside branch and Hei Beila to oil tea stub to be grafted connects
Fringe respective pretreatment：
A, oil tea stub outside shoot apex to be grafted cut, sprayed successively in the grafting incision of the outside branch
One layer of absolute ethyl alcohol and water are spilt, one layer of glycerine is covered, is wrapped up with lighttight newspaper, newspaper of being dismantled after 1.5 days, in the outside
The incision of branch is smeared containing the plant hormone, 8 parts of the basic element of cell division, 14 parts of auximone that parts by weight are 4 parts
With the plant nutrition liquid of 75 parts of water, wait to be grafted, trimming shoot apex weakens apical dominance so that the nutrient of branch is more
The incision of grafting is retained in, one layer of absolute ethyl alcohol of sprinkling is sterilized to branch notch depth, strengthens antibacterial, the antibacterial energy of incision
Power, sprays one layer of glycerine of one layer of water and covering, pins the moisture of incision, while glycerine is in incision formation layer protecting film；
B, Hei Beila branch scion, retain 5 buds and 2 leaves, unnecessary buds and leaves are erased, by the grafting of scion
End is trimmed to the tapered end corresponding with the grafting otch of stock branch, the tapered end of scion is wrapped up with marine alga, in the sea
One layer of nutrient solution containing gibberellin, the basic element of cell division, heteroauxin and water is sprayed on algae, the parts by weight of wherein gibberellin are
8 parts, the basic element of cell division is 18 parts, and water is 80 parts, and marine alga is tightened with transparent membrane, and described scion is placed in into dark 13 DEG C
1.5 days in moist closet, the marine alga of the scion tapered end parcel is then removed, parts by weight are smeared in the incision of the tapered end
Number is the plant nutrition liquid of 4 parts of plant hormone, 8 parts of the basic element of cell division, 14 parts of auximone and 75 parts of water, is waited
Grafting；The incision sprinkling nutrient solution of scion branch, and in one layer of marine alga of outer wrap, pin the water of scion branch cutting part
Point, marine alga can be by itself internal chromatoplast and photosynthesis come the gibberellin in synthesis of organic substance, with nutrient solution, cell
Mitogen, heteroauxin play the role of to coordinate synergy, provide a kind of diaphragm for the otch of scion branch, accelerate scion otch
With the hyperplasia of stock incision, and the nutritional ingredient needed for wound healing is ensure that, stock otch and scion incision are equal
There is layer protecting film so that wound completely cuts off with outside air, plays a part of bacteriostasis antibiosis, substantially increases surviving for grafting
Rate so that survival rate improves 10~15%；
(2) second periods：In one month after the inside branch rudiment of oil tea stub, 7 internal branch conducts are chosen
Grafting twig, by the sprout on the inside branch of Hei Beila branch grafting to oil tea stub, the tender shoots on branch is growing
In one month, the nutrient solution in branch is enriched with more herein, and grafting on the tender shoots on the inside branch of oil tea stub, grafting is cut
Mouth nutrient solution is sufficient, and wound healing is very fast, while adding the grafting amount on oil tea stub, improves the utilization rate of oil tea stub,
So that the Hei Beila of the oil tea stub of grafting survival capping is more, shellfish is set to draw grafting stub economic value higher, specific grafting
Comprise the following steps：Cut off at the tender shoots base portion 1.5cm on the inside branch to be grafted apart from oil tea stub, use grafting knife
Piece cuts depth 1.3cm opening in tender shoots otch centre vertically downward, and the lower end of Hei Beila branch scion is cut
Into with the corresponding wedge-formed incision of the opening, it is 4 parts of plant to smear parts by weight respectively at the opening and wedge-formed incision
Hormone, 8 parts of the basic element of cell division, the plant nutrition liquid of 14 parts of auximone and 75 parts of water, Hei Beila branch is connect
In the opening of fringe insertion tender shoots, grafting is formed, it is ensured that the otch of scion and the opening of tender shoots are tied up at least while align with plastic ties
2~3 circles tie up grafting tightly；
(3) the 3rd periods：When the field planting next year growth of oil tea stub is vigorous, 15 internal branches for choosing oil tea stub are made
For grafting twig, the sprout on Hei Beila branch is taken to be grafted onto on the inside branch of oil tea stub.
Complete after whole grafting procedures, every observation in 7 days once, and supply moisture and nutrient, black shellfish to be grafted in time
Draw branch average production to 25cm length, that is, reach again the standard that capping is sold.
In above-described embodiment, the present invention uses the method for carrying out grafting in three kinds of different grafting periods, 3 to oil tea stub
Embodiment can obtain graft survival rate and be higher than a kind of independent engrafting method in period, after its grafting can Blooming, during capping
Between shorten, can obtain the big tree of fine work Hei Beila camellias of capping in the time of 9 months, cion survival rate reach 85% with
On, wherein best results of embodiment 3, cion survival rate is up to 90%.
Although embodiment of the present invention is disclosed as above, it is not restricted in specification and embodiment listed
With it can be applied to various suitable the field of the invention completely, can be easily for those skilled in the art
Other modification is realized, therefore under the universal limited without departing substantially from claim and equivalency range, the present invention is not limited
In specific details and shown here as the embodiment with description.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of Hei Beila engrafting method, it is characterised in that Hei Beila is grafted onto on oil tea stub successively three periods,
Specially：
(1) first period：After the transplanting of oil tea stub, by the outside branch of Hei Beila branch grafting to oil tea stub；
(2) second periods：In one month after the inside branch rudiment of oil tea stub, by Hei Beila branch grafting to oil tea
On sprout on the inside branch of stub；
(3) the 3rd periods：When the field planting next year growth of oil tea stub is vigorous, the sprout on Hei Beila branch is taken to be grafted onto oil tea
On the inside branch of stub；
Hei Beila is grafted onto successively three periods on oil tea stub and uses embedding bark graft graft technology method；
The grafting in the second described period comprises the following steps：Tender shoots from the inside branch to be grafted apart from oil tea stub
Cut off at 1~2cm of base portion, cut a 1~1.5cm of depth opening vertically downward in tender shoots otch centre with grafting blade,
By the lower end of Hei Beila branch scion cut into the corresponding wedge-formed incision of the opening, it is described opening and wedge-formed incision at
Plant nutrition liquid is smeared respectively, in the opening that Hei Beila branch scion is inserted to tender shoots, forms grafting, it is ensured that the otch of scion
With the opening of tender shoots at least while align, 2~3 circles are tied up with plastic ties and tie up grafting tightly；
From the Hei Beila branches that length is 40 centimetres of semi-lignifieds grown in spring as scion；
The scion average production of the grafting is to 20~30cm length, the standard sold as capping again；
The oil tea stub is being transplanted to 10~15 days before nursery, and the nursery site preparation is sterilized, after the completion of site preparation sterilization, to soil
Earth, which waters, soaks soil, 1~2 day embedment Chinese medicine slag, vinegar grain, the urea in the nursery soil that site preparation is sterilized before transplanting
With the compound of potassium chloride；
The preparation method of described Chinese medicine slag is：The decocting for Chinese herbal medicine residue that parts by weight are 50~60 parts is taken, parts by weight are added
For 20~30 parts of fishbone dreg, the mixture of pig bone slag, stir, crushed mixture with ultrasonic disintegrator, then will be mixed
Compound is placed in fermentation tank, addition lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycete, and pours into the rice washing water that parts by weight are 10~20 parts, and stirring is equal
It is even, then fermentation tank sealing is placed under sunlight and fermented 15~20 days, Chinese medicine slag is produced；
Before the grafting in the first period, the branch scion of outside branch and Hei Beila to oil tea stub to be grafted is pre- respectively to be located
Reason：
A, oil tea stub outside shoot apex to be grafted cut, one is sprayed successively in the grafting incision of the outside branch
Layer absolute ethyl alcohol and water, cover one layer of glycerine, are wrapped up with lighttight newspaper, newspaper of being dismantled after 1~2 day, in the outside branch
The incision of bar smears plant nutrition liquid, waits to be grafted；
B, Hei Beila branch scion, retain 4~6 buds and 1~3 leaf, unnecessary buds and leaves are erased, by transferring for scion
Connect end and be trimmed to the tapered end corresponding with the grafting otch of stock branch, the tapered end of scion is wrapped up with marine alga, described
One layer of nutrient solution containing gibberellin, the basic element of cell division, heteroauxin and water is sprayed on marine alga, marine alga is tightened with transparent membrane,
Described scion is placed in 10~15 DEG C of moist closet of darkness 1~2 day, the sea of the scion tapered end parcel is then removed
Algae, smears plant nutrition liquid in the incision of the tapered end, waits to be grafted.
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| CN107439326A (en) * | 2017-10-12 | 2017-12-08 | 三江县稻香山茶油生态发展有限公司 | A kind of method of tea oil tree grafting camellia |
| CN111096155A (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-05-05 | 普洱市茶叶科学研究所 | Method for grafting tender spikes of large-leaf tea trees |
| CN112042410B (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2022-08-09 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | Rapid breeding method of kiwi fruit grafted seedlings |
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| CN104137737A (en) * | 2013-05-06 | 2014-11-12 | 蒋寿悟 | Grafting method for camellia oleifera and camellia |
| CN103518548A (en) * | 2013-10-21 | 2014-01-22 | 桂林市林业科学研究所 | Camellia oleifera large tree shoot grafting method |
| CN104705073A (en) * | 2013-12-12 | 2015-06-17 | 桂林兴安县湘桂茶花产业有限责任公司 | Ornamental camellia grafting cultivation method |
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