CN103975754B - A kind of breeding method of oil-tea sprout stock grafting seedling - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating grafted seedlings of Camellia oleifera bud seedlings. The method comprises (1) cultivation of stock; (2) collection of scion; (3) preparation of nursery; (4) grafting; (5) planting ; (6) Management after planting. Cultivating and propagating Camellia oleifera seedlings through the above method has been verified: the grafted survival rate of Camellia oleifera seedlings reaches 90-95%, and the rate of emergence from the nursery is 80-85%, which solves the problem of grafting incompatibility of different varieties. Realized high survival rate of grafted seedlings of Camellia oleifera bud seedlings, high rate of nursery out, and cultivation of high-quality Camellia oleifera seedlings, which has important practical application value.

Description

A kind of cultivation method of camellia oleifera bud stock grafted seedlings

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of cultivation of Camellia oleifera seedlings, and in particular relates to a method for cultivating grafted seedlings of camellia oleifera seedlings.

Background technique

Camellia oleifera (Camellioleifera) is an evergreen small tree of the family Theaceae, and is an important woody edible oil tree species in my country. It is also known as the world's four largest woody edible oil tree species together with oil palm, olive, and coconut. Camellia oil is a green and healthy edible oil, enjoying the reputation of "Oriental olive oil". The content of unsaturated fatty acids in camellia oil accounts for 90% of the total fatty acid content, of which oleic acid content is as high as about 83.3%, which helps to maintain the structure of human brain cells, reduce memory decline, and prevent cardiovascular diseases. Camellia oil is also rich in Ve, Vd, Vk, carotene and squalene, among which squalene is an active ingredient of polyphenols, has a strong oxygen-enriching ability, and has anti-hypoxia, anti-fatigue, Improve human immunity and enhance the function of gastrointestinal absorption. In recent years, it has been paid more and more attention at home and abroad, and the International Food and Agriculture Organization has listed it as a healthy edible oil that is mainly promoted.

Camellia oleifera cultivation not only meets the increasing needs of people's lives, but also has great significance for adjusting the agricultural industrial structure, developing the rural economy, and building a harmonious social structure. Camellia oleifera has a long history of planting in my country, and there are many fine varieties, clones, families and farm varieties of camellia oleifera, among which the strains with excellent traits have been identified and propagated by asexual reproduction. With the expansion of Camellia oleifera planting area, the demand for seedlings of Camellia oleifera strains is increasing day by day.

At present, the grafting technology of bud seedlings has been applied to the cultivation of camellia oleifera seedlings, but the survival rate is only about 70%, and the waste of good scions is serious. The scion of camellia oleifera of different varieties was grafted on the bud stock, and the survival rate of the chimera was also significantly different, the lowest being only 25%. From 0d to 6d after grafting, the mortality rate of the grafted seedling population was close to 0%; the time when a large number of dead plants appeared was on the 8th day after grafting, and the mortality rate was 1.57%; the mortality rate rose sharply thereafter, reaching the peak on the 16th day after grafting , was 5.07%; it dropped sharply to 1.52% on the 20th day after grafting; the mortality rate of grafted seedlings was between 1% and 1.8% on the 35th day after grafting; and then the mortality rate fell back to 0%.

The critical period for the survival of Camellia oleifera bud seedling grafting is within one month after grafting, especially in the first 16 days after grafting. Different varieties of Camellia oleifera have differences in the performance of rootstock affinity when grafted, which is also one of the technical bottlenecks in the production of seedlings of fine varieties of Camellia oleifera. The success of the healing of the chimera of Camellia oleifera bud seedling stock is an important factor affecting the survival rate of grafting. Although the grafted seedlings have survived during the cultivation of Camellia oleifera seedling stock grafts, the external environment such as light, temperature, water, fertilizer, and pests and diseases, etc. The unreasonable regulation has resulted in a low rate of emergence of seedlings. At this stage, the rate of grafted seedlings of Camellia oleifera bud seedlings is only about 50%, mainly due to the following reasons:

(1) When cultivating rootstocks, there is no clear standard for controlling temperature and humidity;

(2) The soil in the nursery does not adjust the physical and chemical properties of the soil according to the growth characteristics of the roots of Camellia oleifera sprouts, such as ventilation, acid-loving, fertilizer-loving, fear of humidity and drought, etc.;

(3) Bud seedling grafting has no characteristics for Camellia oleifera scions and rootstocks;

(4) Rooting powder was not applied before transplanting to increase the rooting rate and rooting amount of the rootstock;

(5) When the grafted seedlings are managed in the field, there is no characteristic of the development of the grafting interface.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating grafted seedlings of camellia oleifera seedlings, which can effectively solve the problem of low survival rate and grafting incompatibility in the process of grafting seedlings of camellia oleifera seedlings. In the process of stock grafting and raising seedlings, the problems of low graft survival rate and incompatibility.

For realizing the object of the present invention, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:

A method for cultivating grafted seedlings of Camellia oleifera bud seedlings, comprising cultivating rootstocks, collecting scions, preparing nurseries, grafting, planting, and post-planting management.

The method for cultivating grafted seedlings on the stock of camellia oleifera bud seedlings, the concrete steps are:

(1) Rootstock cultivation: 2-3 months before grafting, soak the Camellia oleifera seeds in 0.3-0.8wt% potassium permanganate solution, rinse them with clean water, sow them in a 15-25cm sand bed, and spread them flat Press it tightly, then cover with a layer of sand, water thoroughly, and cover the surface with shade to control temperature and humidity, so that the camellia oleifera seeds will germinate and the germ will grow to 3-5cm, ready for grafting;

(2) Collection of scions: Harvest scions before 11:00 a.m. and after 5:00 p.m. on cloudy or sunny days, and choose semi-lignified branches with full buds, no pests and diseases, and good growth in sunny places;

(3) Nursery preparation: 5-10 days before grafting, choose sandy loam soil with less pests and diseases, convenient drainage and irrigation, and fertile soil for deep plowing, and mix the nursery soil, woodland topsoil and crushed chaff at a ratio of 1:1: Mix in a ratio of 1, then disinfect the soil, cover with plastic film and fumigate for 3-8 days, then make a bed, and then cover with a layer of 1-2cm fine yellow core soil;

(4) Grafting: between mid-May and late June, dig the rootstock out of the sand bed, wash off the sand, and cover it with a damp cloth; graft the rootstock and scion after grafting. The cambium of the anvil is aligned, the cut surface of the scion is exposed to 0.5-1.5mm, and the interface is bundled with aluminum foil, and the root of the graft is immersed in 100mg·L ^-1 ABT3 rooting powder solution for 5-10s;

(5) Planting: The row spacing of grafted seedlings is 5cm×20cm. When transplanting, the rootstock seeds are exposed on the furrow surface. Shade shed, the height of the shed is 1-3m, and the light transmittance is kept at 20-30%;

(6) Post-planting management: After transplanting, control the temperature in the shed to 28-32°C and humidity above 90-98%. 20-30 days after transplanting, use 0.5mg·L ^-1 gibberellin (GA ₃ ) solution Spray wet grafted seedlings to accelerate the formation of vascular cambium at the grafted interface; degerminate the rootstock buds in 20-30 days, leaving only the germinated scion buds, and then fertilize, disinfect the soil, and transplant.

The temperature control and humidity control described in step (1) are as follows: the temperature is controlled at 10-15°C and the humidity is 60-80%;

The soil disinfection described in the step (3) is: fully irrigate with 1000 times of solution of 50wt% carbendazim for soil disinfection, or fully irrigate and sterilize with 800 times of formalin;

The rootstock treatment described in step (4) is: the rootstock stem is cut vertically to leave 2-4cm, and the root is intercepted by 3-7cm; the scion treatment is: the scion beveled surface is cut into a thin wedge shape, and the long side of the incision is 1-2cm, The short side is 0.5-1.5cm, 1 bud and 1 leaf are reserved on the scion, the buds are full and strong, the cut scion contains indole butyric acid (IBA) 1mg·L ^-1 + 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) 0.2mg ·Grafting after soaking in L ^-1 solution;

The fertilization described in step (6) is: when the buds of the scion grow to 3-5cm, spray urea, and then spray compound fertilizer every 12-18d; after the film is lifted, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate and Urea 2-3 times;

The soil disinfection described in step (6) is: spray 50wt% carbendazim 1000 times liquid every 8-12d, or 1wt% dexon soil disinfection;

In step (6) 50-70 days after transplanting, remove the film for ventilation at night, then gradually increase ventilation, increase light appropriately, remove the film 90-110 days after transplanting, and move the bed to expand the garden after one year.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

(1) When the rootstock is cultivated in the present invention, the temperature is controlled at about 12°C, and the humidity is controlled at about 70%, so that the bud-stock stage coincides with the scion stage;

(2) The present invention adjusts the physical and chemical properties of the soil according to the growth characteristics of camellia oleifera bud seedling root growth (such as needing ventilation, acid-loving, fertilizer-loving, fear of humidity and drought, etc.), and improves the rate of emergence;

(3) The present invention soaks the root of the graft in the rooting powder solution before transplanting, which improves the rooting rate and rooting amount of the rootstock;

(4) The present invention performs post-planting management according to the characteristics of grafting interface development. About 25 days after transplanting, the grafted seedlings are sprayed with 0.5 mg·L ^-1 GA solution to accelerate the formation of vascular bundles at the grafting interface, which directly leads to survival rate and The improvement of the rate of emergence is the biggest innovation of the present invention;

(5) Cultivate and propagate Camellia oleifera seedlings through the above improved steps. It has been verified that the grafted survival rate of Camellia oleifera seedlings reaches 90-95%, and the rate of emergence from the nursery is 80-85%, which solves the problem of compatibility of grafting people of different varieties. Realized high survival rate of grafted seedlings of Camellia oleifera bud seedlings, high rate of nursery out, and cultivation of high-quality Camellia oleifera seedlings, which has important practical application value.

detailed description

The present invention further illustrates the present invention with following examples, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following examples.

Example 1

(1) Cultivation of common Camellia oleifera rootstock: 2-3 months before grafting, soak Camellia oleifera seeds in 0.37wt% potassium permanganate solution, rinse them with clean water, sow them in a 17cm sand bed, spread them flat and compact them , then cover with a layer of sand, pour water thoroughly, cover the surface with shade and make the temperature 12°C and humidity 70%, so that the Camellia oleifera seeds germinate and the germ grows to 3.3cm, ready for grafting;

(2) Collection of safflower camellia scions: Harvest scions before 11:00 am and after 5:00 pm on cloudy or sunny days, and choose semi-lignified branches with full buds, no pests and diseases, and good growth in sunny places;

(3) Nursery preparation: 7 days before grafting, choose sandy loam soil with less pests and diseases, convenient irrigation and drainage, and fertile soil for deep plowing, and mix the nursery soil, woodland topsoil and crushed chaff at a ratio of 1:1:1. Proportionally mixed, fully poured with 50wt% carbendazim 1000 times solution for soil disinfection, covered with plastic film and fumigated for 4 days, then made a bed, and then covered with a layer of fine yellow core soil of 1.8cm;

(4) Grafting: between the middle ten days of May and the end of June, dig out the stock seedlings from the sand bed, wash off the sand, cover them with a damp cloth, leave 3.7cm vertically for the rootstock stem, and 3.9cm for the root, The cut surface of the scion is cut into a thin wedge shape, the long side of the cut is 1.8cm, and the short side is 1.3cm. One bud and one leaf are kept on the scion. The buds are full and strong. The cut scion is IBA1mg·L ^-1 +BA0.2mg·L ^-1 Graft after soaking in the solution, when grafting, the scion is aligned with the cambium of the sprout anvil, the cut surface of the scion is 0.8 mm white, and the interface is tied up with aluminum foil, and the root of the graft is soaked in 100mg L ^-1 of ABT3 rooting powder solution for 9S;

(5) Planting: The row spacing of grafted seedlings is 5cm×20cm. When transplanting, the rootstock seeds are exposed on the furrow surface. Shade shed, the height of the shed is 1.8m, and the light transmittance is maintained at 22%;

(6) Post-planting management: After transplanting, control the temperature in the shed to 28-32°C and humidity to 90-98%. 25 days after transplanting, spray the grafted seedlings with 0.5mg·L ^-1 GA solution to speed up the maintenance of the grafting interface. Tube bundle cambium formation; degermination of rootstock buds at 25 days, leaving only germinated scion buds, when the buds of the scion grow to 4.4 cm, spray urea, and then spray compound fertilizer every 12 days; after lifting the film, Spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea 2 times a month, spray 50% carbendazim 1000 times every 8 days, remove the film at night for ventilation 50 days after transplanting, then gradually strengthen ventilation, increase light appropriately, and transplant After 90 days, the film is removed, and the bed can be moved to expand the garden after one year;

Cultivating and propagating Camellia oleifera seedlings by the above method, it has been verified that the grafted survival rate of Camellia oleifera seedlings reaches 90.8%, and the rate of emergence from the nursery is 84.3%, which solves the problem of grafting incompatibility of different varieties.

Example 2

(1) Cultivation of common Camellia oleifera rootstock: 2-3 months before grafting, soak Camellia oleifera seeds in 0.71wt% potassium permanganate solution, rinse them with clean water, sow them in a 24cm sand bed, spread them flat and compact , then cover with a layer of sand, pour water thoroughly, cover the surface with shade and make the temperature 14°C and humidity 78%, so that the Camellia oleifera seeds germinate and the germ grows to 4.6cm, ready for grafting;

(2) Collection of scions of ordinary camellia oleifera: harvest scions before 11:00 am and after 5:00 pm on cloudy or sunny days, and choose semi-lignified branches with full buds, no pests and diseases, and good growth in sunny places;

(3) Nursery preparation: 9 days before grafting, choose sandy loam soil with less pests and diseases, convenient drainage and irrigation, and fertile soil for deep plowing, and mix the nursery soil, woodland topsoil and crushed chaff at a ratio of 1:1:1. Proportionally mix, pour the soil with 800 times of formalin, cover with plastic film and fumigate for 7 days, then make a bed, and then cover with a layer of fine yellow core soil of 1.1cm;

(4) Grafting: between mid-May and late June, dig out the stock seedlings from the sand bed, wash off the silt, cover with a damp cloth, leave 2.1cm of rootstock stem vertically and 6.2cm of root interception, The cut surface of the scion is cut into a thin wedge shape, the long side of the incision is 1.1cm, and the short side is 0.8cm. One bud and one leaf are reserved on the scion. The buds are full and strong. The cut scion is IBA1mg·L ^-1 +BA0.2mg·L ^-1 Graft after soaking in the solution, when grafting, the scion is aligned with the cambium of the sprout anvil, the cut surface of the scion is 1.3 mm white, and the interface is tied up with aluminum foil, and the root of the graft is soaked in 100 mg L ^-1 of BT3 rooting powder solution for 6 seconds;

(5) Planting: The row spacing of grafted seedlings is 5cm×20cm. When transplanting, the rootstock seeds are exposed on the furrow surface. Shade, the height of the shed is 2.6m, and the light transmittance is maintained at 27%;

(6) Post-planting management: After transplanting, control the temperature in the shed to 28-32°C and the humidity to 90-98%. 28 days after transplanting, spray the grafted seedlings with 0.5 mg·L ^-1 GA solution to speed up the maintenance of the grafting interface. Tube bundle cambium formation; degermination of rootstock buds on 23d, leaving only germinated scion buds, when the buds of the scion grow to 3.2cm, spray urea, and then spray compound fertilizer every 18d; after lifting the film, Potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea were sprayed 3 times a month, and 1% dexon was sprayed once every 12 days for soil disinfection; 70 days after transplanting, the film was removed at night for ventilation, and then the ventilation was gradually strengthened, and the light was appropriately increased. 110 days after planting, remove the film, and one year later, the bed can be moved to expand the garden;

Cultivation and propagation of camellia oleifera seedlings by the above method has been verified: the grafted survival rate of camellia oleifera seedlings has reached 94%, and the rate of emergence from the nursery has been 81.6%, which solves the problem of incompatibility of grafting of different varieties.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made according to the scope of the patent application of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. the breeding method of an oil-tea sprout stock grafting seedling, it is characterised in that: include the cultivation of stock, the collection of scion, garden ground preparation, grafting, plant, plant after management；Concretely comprise the following steps:

(1) cultivation of stock: the 2-3 month before grafting, after Seed of Camellia oleifera is soaked with potassium permanganate solution, use clear water rinsed clean, it is seeded in husky bed, paves compression, then cover one layer of sand, water permeable, surface upper cover shelters from heat or light thing temperature and humidity control, makes Seed of Camellia oleifera sprout and makes plumule grow to 3～5cm, preparing grafting；

(2) collection of scion: the cloudy day or during the fine day morning 11 before, afternoon 5 time after adopt scion, fringe bar selects area without shade, and bud is full, without pest and disease damage, well-grown semi-lignified branch；

(3) preparation on ground, garden: before grafting 5-10 days, selection pest and disease damage is few, irrigation and drainage are convenient, the sandy loam of fertile soil is ploughed deeply wholely, by the rice husk mixing of ground, garden soil, woods ground surface soil and pulverizing, then carry out soil disinfection, cover the stifling 3-8d of mulch film, then make bed, then cover the thin yellow soil of lid layer 1～2cm；

(4) grafting: carry out between mid-May to late June, digs out stock from husky bed, washes silt off, cover wet cloth；Grafting after stock and scion are processed, during grafting, scion is alignd with the cambium layer of sprout stock, and the bevel of scion shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally 0.5-1.5mm, ties up interface with aluminium foil, and the root of graft is at 100mg L^-1ABT3 rooting powder solution in leaching 5-10s；

(5) plant: during transplanting, stock seed is exposed on furrow face, irrigate after cultivation and determine root water, the added shed in furrow face, lid thin film, be conducive to water conservation to be incubated, nursery lot frame cool canopy, canopy height 1-3m, keep transmittance 20-30%；

(6) management after planting: control temperature 28-32 DEG C and humidity 90-98%, 20-30d after transplanting in canopy after transplanting, use 0.5mg L^-1Gibberellins (GA₃) solution squirts grafting, accelerate grafting mouth vascular bundle cambium layer and formed；At 20-30d to the rudiment of stock except sprouting, leave behind the scion bud sprouted, then fertilising, soil disinfection, transplanting；

Temperature and humidity control described in step (1) is: control temperature be 10-15 DEG C, humidity be 60-80%；

Soil disinfection described in step (3) is: fully irrigates with the 1000 of 50wt% carbendazim times of liquid and carries out soil disinfection, or fully irrigates sterilization with the 800 of formalin times of liquid.

2. the breeding method of oil-tea sprout stock grafting seedling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step (4), the process to stock is: stock stem vertical cross is stayed 2-4cm, and root retains 3-7cm；To the process of scion being: scion bevel is whittled into thin wedge shape, long incision limit 1-2cm, minor face 0.5-1.5cm, scion retains 1 bud 1 leaf, bud is full, and healthy and strong, the scion cut is in indolebutyric acid (IBA) 1mg L^-1+ 6-benzyl aminopurine (6-BA) 0.2mg L^-1Solution in soak after grafting.

3. the breeding method of oil-tea sprout stock grafting seedling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the fertilising described in step (6) is: when the bud attenuating of scion is to 3-5cm, sprays carbamide, sprays compound fertilizer every 12-18d later；After lifting film, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate and carbamide 2-3 time every month.

4. the breeding method of oil-tea sprout stock grafting seedling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the soil disinfection described in step (6) is: every 8-12d sprays 1000 times of liquid of 1 50wt% carbendazim or the fenaminosulf soil disinfection of 1wt%.

5. the breeding method of oil-tea sprout stock grafting seedling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: 50-70d after transplanting in step (6), takes off film ventilation at night, thereafter progressively add forced ventilation, suitably increase illumination, 90-110d after transplanting, take thin film off, bed can be moved after 1 year and expand garden.