CN102860209A - High-efficiency lycoris and citrus interplanting method - Google Patents
High-efficiency lycoris and citrus interplanting method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Disclosed is a high-efficiency lycoris and citrus interplanting method. The high-efficiency lycoris and citrus interplanting method includes interplanting lycoris under fruit trees such as citrus, covering the lycoris by rotten animal manure straws, managing by processes of fertilizing, weeding, insecticiding and the like, and harvesting after five-year planting. By the high-efficiency lycoris and citrus interplanting method, two kinds of economic plants can be produced on the same field, multiple cropping index is increased, labor cost is saved, production cost is reduced, yield is increased, and economic benefits are doubly increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of oranges and tangerines and short-tube lycoris efficiently be overlapped cultivating method, belong to modern Chinese herbal medicine cultivation technology field.
Background technology
Short-tube lycoris has another name called head of garlic grass, is amrallid, plants Latin Lycoris radiata by name.The bulb oval, long 4～5cm, diameter 2.5～4cm, there is the phyllopodium that is about 3cm the upper end, and base portion is given birth to most white fibrous roots; The surface is coated by 2～3 layers of dark brown withered membranous scale, and there is the meat scale of the rich viscosity of 10 multiple whites inside, is born on the plateau of cripetura, and there is the bud of yellow-white at the center.Gas is special, and flavor is extremely bitter.
Herbaceos perennial mainly is distributed in the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River and west and south region-by-region, and its medicinal part is dry bulb, and underground squama is not plump, and oval is outer by the aubergine film.Leaf is linear, extracts out from base portion after the florescence, and 5～6, leaf is extracted out winter, and summer is withered.Scape is extracted out for 8～September, and is high 30～60 centimetres, blossoms 4～12, is the umbel top and gives birth to; The flower cerise, simple section is very short, is about 5～6 millimeters, and sliver is narrow by aciculiform, outwards turnup.Ovary is the next, spends rear shaky.
Leaf is banded, dark green colour band bloom powder.The withered rear extraction of scape leaf between the autumn in summer, solid, up to 30 centimetres, a umbel tool number flower; The premium look is about 4 centimetres, and perianth tube is very short, and throat's tool scale has 6 pieces of slivers; Sliver falls narrow lanceolar, and the edge shrinkage launches and warp; Stamen and gynoecium far stretch out outside the perianth sliver.
Border, dark and damp place, riverbank are born in wild kind happiness.It the dried rhizome of rehmannia is red soil, so cold resistance is strong, and happiness is cloudy, and patient high temperature limit is 24 ℃ of daily mean temperatures; Like moisteningly, also drought-resistant, get used to Acid soil, best with loose, fertile humus soil.Dormancy in summer habit is arranged.Excavate in spring, autumn wild or the bulb in rear 2～3 years of cultivation, clean and dry, or section is dried.Bulb is starch-containing, can extract natural plant gum for gum Arabic.Bulb contains the alkaloids such as lycorine, galanthamine, Dihydrogalantnamine, can cause the symptoms such as vomiting, spasm, and central nervous system is had a significant effect, and can be used for calmness, suppresses drug metabolism and antitumaous effect.
Oranges and tangerines are evergreen dungarunga or shrub, high about 2m.Sprig is thinner and more delicate, without hair, and common spinosity.The long ovum shape of leaf lanceolar, long 4～8cm.Brightly yellowish white, single giving birth to or the axil that clusters.The fruit oblate spheroid, footpath 5～7cm, orange-yellow or orange red, pericarp is thin easily to be peeled off.Bloom spring, and 10～December, fruit was ripe.
The mandarine aboundresources, improved seeds are various, and the cultivation history in more than 4000 year is arranged.The citrus that the ground such as the Jiangsu of China, Anhui, Jiangxi, Xiangxi, Hubei produce.The oranges and tangerines growth and development of fruit tree, yielding positive results is closely related several temperature of these condition influence maximums with temperature, sunshine, moisture (humidity), soil and the environmental conditions such as wind, height above sea level, landform and slope aspect.Even distinct result appears in temperature that difference is 0.5 ℃ sometimes.Ci trus growth is grown and is required 12.5～37 ℃ temperature.The autumn flower bud differentiation requires diurnal temperature to be respectively about 20 ℃ and about 10 ℃, and soil temperature and the overground part of root growth are roughly the same.
High temperature also is unfavorable for growing of oranges and tangerines, and when temperature, soil temperature were higher than 37 ℃, fruit and root system stopped growing.Temperature is also obvious on the quality impact of fruit: in certain temperature range, usually increase with increase in temperature sugar content, soluble solid, acid content descends, and quality improves.Oranges and tangerines are the stronger seeds of shade tolerance, but the sunshine of wanting high grade producing still need get well.1200～2200 hours area of general year sunshine duration all can normal growth.The abundant south China of, heat good such as sunshine and sunshine, few oranges and tangerines producing region, Chongqing was compared: fruit sugar content is high, acid content is low, and sugar-acid ratio is high.The oranges and tangerines plantation that all suit of the torrid zone, the subtropical area of general annual rainfall 1000 millimeter, but because annual rainfall skewness and usually need irrigation.The relative water content of soil is lower than 60% need and pours water take 60%～80% as suitable, and excessive rainfall causes soil ponding or subterranean water level high, and the oranges and tangerines orchard of impeded drainage can make root system dead, and the oranges and tangerines fruit tree requires relative air humidity to be advisable with about 75%.
Oranges and tangerines are wider to the accommodation of soil, purple soil, red-yellow soil, sandy beach and tidal land, and pH value 4.5～8 all can be grown, take pH value 5.5～6.5 as optimum.The oxygen content that the Citrus Root growth is had relatively high expectations, loose with the soil texture, well-formed, the content of organic matter 2%～3%, well-drained soil optimum.
According to the growth characteristics of oranges and tangerines and short-tube lycoris, take reasonable plantation, the interplanting of the cloudy happiness of happiness this world cover medicinal material to provide effective way for scale, the modernization development of short-tube lycoris.
Galanthamine has important physiological action in the short-tube lycoris active ingredient, be mainly used to myasthenia gravis, poliomyelitis resting stage and sequelae, also be used for children's brain numbness, polyneuritis, radiculitis and because nervous system disease or the caused sensorimotor obstacle of wound etc.Be mainly used in clinically treating Alzheimer's, the memory disorders that dementia patients and brain organic pathology are caused also have obvious therapeutic action.Annual galanthamine demand is large, but content is very low in short-tube lycoris, and present wild short-tube lycoris resource exhaustion adopts the single artificial planting cost of short-tube lycoris higher, mainly concentrates on cost of labor and material cost.
Publication number be CN1490319 Introduction To Cn Patent a kind of from the short-tube lycoris crude extract method of separating high-purity galanthamine: relate to and a kind ofly from the short-tube lycoris crude extract, separate the method for preparing the high-purity galanthamine with countercurrent chromatography, its used dicyandiamide solution is alkane, halogenated hydrocarbons, fatty alcohol, aliphatic ketone, fatty ester, ethers, the mineral salt buffer solution, wherein three of water equal solvent, four or two components formations, specifically by volume with above-mentioned dicyandiamide solution configuration, shake up rear standing demix, be combined as mobile phase with mutually fixing with the two-phase solvent that mixes rear upper lower leaf, the immiscible two-phase solvent that utilization relatively moves, the short-tube lycoris crude extract lysate component that will have different distribution ratios in being in the two-phase of dynamic equilibrium separates, and obtains the solid galanthamine.
Publication number be CN101366357 Introduction To Cn Patent a kind of tissue of red blue stone garlic cultivate and the method for quick propagating technology: step is as follows: the 1) preparation of medium; Each component and every liter of contained weight of comprising minimal medium and each stage medium of group training are: minimal medium: MS or 1/2MS, sucrose 20～40g/L wherein, agar 8g/L, pH5.8; Inducing culture: MS+TDZ0.2～1.0mg/L+ active carbon 2g/L; Proliferated culture medium: MS+6-BA3～7mg/L+NAA0.5～2.5mg/L; Strong seedling culture base: MS+6-BA0.5～2.5mg/L+NAA0.5～1.0mg/L; Root media: 1/2MS+KT0.5～2.5mg/L+IBA0.5～2.5mg/L+ active carbon 2g/L; 2) choosing and sterilization treatment of explant: 3) induce cultivation, propagation cultivation, strong seedling culture and culture of rootage: 4) domestication and the transplanting of group training seedling.The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the inductivity of red blue stone garlic budlet reaches more than 90%; The rate of increase in each cycle is more than 500%.
Publication number be CN101451155 Introduction To Cn Patent a kind of method of from short-tube lycoris, extracting lycorine: take the short-tube lycoris bulb as raw material, adopt the complex enzyme preliminary treatment, the watery hydrochloric acid lixiviate, the ultrasonic assisted extraction, the chloroform extraction method is extracted lycorine.The new technology that adopts effectively combines ultrasonic extraction and conbined enzymolysis, has both shortened extraction time, again larger raising the recovery rate of lycorine, reach 0.97%, be higher than traditional extraction technique.
Publication number be CN101455180 Introduction To Cn Patent a kind of open type plant tissue culture seedlings-raising method: in medium, add the plant extracts bacteriostatic agent, calculate with the 1L medium, the addition of bacteriostatic agent is 4～15g, preparation micro-organisms base recycles this micro-organisms base and carries out inoculated and cultured.Bacteriostatic agent has two classes, and one comprises garlic P.E, coptis extract and folium lonicerae extract, and its mass percent is: 20～100%: 0～40%: 0～50%; It two comprises licorice root extract, Flos Osmanthi Fragrantis extract and short-tube lycoris extract, and its mass ratio is: 10～100%: 0～80%: 0～50%.
Publication number be CN102144554A Introduction To Cn Patent a kind of method that adopts Plant Tissue Breeding to produce short-tube lycoris: relate to a kind of method that adopts Plant Tissue Breeding to produce short-tube lycoris, may further comprise the steps: (1) MS medium is as minimal medium, 2,4-D, IAA, NAA, 6-BA and IBA prepare medium as the somatotropin of regulation and control; (2) the short-tube lycoris bulb is sterilized as explant; (3) the bulb explant is seeded on the bulb induce medium induces cultivation, grow clove; (4) clove transferred carry out culture of rootage on the root media, make it possess independent from soil, matrix the ability of Absorption of nourishment element; (5) clove is transferred on the medium cultivates; (6) the inoculation bottle bottleneck is opened carried out hardening; Take out clove, transplant to the nutrition cup take vermiculite, perlite and Nutrition Soil as mixed-matrix; Turn and plant in booth, survival rate reaches 94%～96%.
In the document of relevant short-tube lycoris propagation and cultivation, as the cultivation of Lycoris radiata with view and admire, the domesticating and cultivating pre-test of the wild short-tube lycoris in Hubei, fertilising is on the impact of spider lily growth and the method for nutrient diagnosis thereof, the introducing a fine variety and cultivating of short-tube lycoris, the propagation and cultivation of lycoris plants, lycoris plants Developmental Biology and culture technique progress, the introducing and planting of wild Lycoris radiata and the application in gardens, shading and planting density are on the impact of spider lily growth and cut-flower quality and the impact on lycoris plants Lycoris aurea photosynthesis characteristics etc. of shading, these paper documents are mainly studied the artificial cultivation that relates to short-tube lycoris, introduce a fine variety and the field planting method, and patent documentation mainly concentrates on the large-scale production of effective component extracting and short-tube lycoris seedling from short-tube lycoris, and in many places short-tube lycoris has been carried out artificial planting, but output does not increase always, benefit is low, cause the cultivation scale development of short-tube lycoris slow, mainly be because: the one, also do not have at present ripe short-tube lycoris production technology, the short-tube lycoris happiness is cloudy, be afraid of arid, the fear high light, seedling or dead seedling easily occur under direct sunlight or drought condition, therefore are grown in the place, cool place that high-stem plant covers more; Its anti-the moon, happiness fertilizer, cold-resistant, at the plentiful local well-grown of rich water, rhizome is large.The planting technology that most adopts can't reach the good required ecosystem environment of spider lily growth, exposed plantation direct sunlight, and temperature is high, the morning of falling the seedling, reduction in the life period, the root growth amount is little, can't reach high yield, adopt the scaffolding planting cost high, reduce economic benefit; The 2nd, the peasant disperses plantation, small scale, the medicinal herb grower can't grasp require rule and the regulate and control method of the factors such as growing environment, temperature, illumination, moisture, soil, fertilizer the spider lily growth growth course, can't satisfy the specification requirement of high-yield high-efficiency cultivation, cause planting technology to be difficult to reach a standard, yield poorly down, restricted short-tube lycoris production; The 3rd, the artificial planting of present short-tube lycoris adopts the bulb breeding mostly, and seed costs is high; The 4th, the plantation of short-tube lycoris single variety, the harm of the damage by disease and insect such as charcoal seasonal febrile diseases, bacterial slimy soft rot, short-tube lycoris noctuid and twill burglar moth is very large, causes damage by disease and insect harm serious; The 5th, the recruitment expenses such as short-tube lycoris plantation, water and fertilizer management, processing are high, and plantation is lost more than gain, and causes direct economic benefit very low.Forefathers' oranges and tangerines and vegetables are overlapped cultivation in addition, and most of vegetables are sun plants, and oranges and tangerines are planted 4 or five years afterwards all with the ground covering, and it is not vigorous that cover is planted vegetable growth, and cover is planted and do not produced a desired effect.
In sum, it is still immature that the cover of short-tube lycoris and oranges and tangerines is planted technology at present, but also be not applicable to the method for large-scale production, fundamentally do not solve spider lily growth phase weak point, root growth phase weak point, yield poorly, the results difficulty is large, and the recruitment cost is high, the serious guardian technique that waits of damage by disease and insect harm.Do not reach reasonably combined, managerial coordination and the complementation on fertilizer, water, sunlight demand of fruit tree and medicinal material kind.
Summary of the invention
The technical solution used in the present invention comprises: the selection of planting soil, the requirement of whole ground, the selection requirement of oranges and tangerines medicinal material kind, the planting season of oranges and tangerines medicinal material and planting density, the transplanting method of short-tube lycoris, the selecting and fertilizing method of fertilizer, the control of damage by disease and insect, water management, results, short-tube lycoris is repeated implantation methods.
Therefore, the invention provides the efficient cover cultivating method of a kind of short-tube lycoris and oranges and tangerines, step comprises:
(1) selection of soil: moistening fertile, preserve moisture and fertility power is strong, the domatic ground of the loose sand loam of quality or garden mould;
(2) wholely: plough deeply 350cm a year winter first, 350cm opens the railway carriage or compartment, and the surface is whole carefully rakes;
(3) selection of interplanting short-tube lycoris fruit variety: tree-like oranges and tangerines height is at 200 ~ 250 cm, and the rate of sheltering from heat or light is more than 90 %;
(4) transplanting of oranges and tangerines fruit tree: the oranges and tangerines planting density is consistent with general planting, embarks on journey and transplants the citrus fruit seedling, and transplant time is carried the first five years than the short-tube lycoris sowing time;
(5) pruning of oranges and tangerines fruit tree: oranges and tangerines fruit tree lower floor branch and the branches and leaves of dying of illness are extractd, made ground 50 ~ 70 cm without the oranges and tangerines shoot and leaf growth, guarantee the quick circulation of air, the upper strata branch is suitably pruned the assurance light transmission;
(6) extermination of disease and insect pest: for shot hole; spray 10-15 times of rosin mixture or Baume 0.8-1 degree lime sulfur 1-2 time; sick for resin; trunk; the major branch morbidity is scraped the section's tissue of preventing or cure a disease with cutter; yellowish-brown colour band scraped clean with sick section and strong section intersection; use 75% alcohol disinfecting; and coat tung oil topsin (1 jin of tung oil adds 1 liang of topsin); or with cutter vertical number cutter of drawing around disease is strong; deeply reach xylem; be coated with 50-100 times of thiophanate methyl or carbendazim; connect and be coated with 3-4 time; for foot rot; dark mildew: choosing is fine; (1 kilogram of flour is put into pot with the dissolving of 3-4 kilogram clear water without caking and is boiled to spray 10-12 times of flour liquid or meal soup; be watered in proportion after taking the dish out of the pot); or machine oil emulsion 100-150 isocarbophos 1000-1500 times of liquid extraordinarily; method for insect pest; two spotted spider mite selects spray 100 times of liquid of machine oil emulsion or Baume 0.8-1.0 degree lime sulfur before the rudiment in next year in the winter time; blister mite sprays Baume 0.8-1.0 degree lime sulfur in the winter time to early spring; the elimination polypide that survives the winter; leaf miner is sprayed in the winter time 8-10 resin soap emulsifiable concentrate or 100 times of liquid machine oil emulsions doubly and adds 3000 times of liquid organophosphorous pesticides, also will protect in addition full-scale drama ladybug in the tangerine garden; the natural enemies such as Australian ladybeetle.
(7) method of transplanting seedlings of short-tube lycoris: when the Ci trus growth height reaches about 200cm, oranges and tangerines reach more than 85 % rate of sheltering from heat or light, ground outside oranges and tangerines pocket 15cm is loosened the soil, apply again the cake fertilizer (cake-shaped rape seed dregs: tea oil residule 3:1 or 2:1 that crosses through composting, admix the pre-insect-pest of the withered energy of tea) mix farmyard manure (through composting or burnt, to kill weed seed, worm's ovum and germ), every mu applies 1000 ~ 2000 kg(and contains cake fertilizer 150 ~ 200 kg that became thoroughly decomposed), slowly water permeable, and use straw, straw or rape straw cover the water conservation moisturizing, in the ranks and open the dark flat ditch of 5 cm between strain, choosing height is at the stalwartness of 0.5 ~ 1.0 cm short-tube lycoris seedling without damage by disease and insect, oranges and tangerines in the ranks and between strain by the mutual transplanting triangular in shape of 5 ~ 7 cm distance, apart from not transplanting seedlings in oranges and tangerines radius 20 cm, be convenient to the management of oranges and tangerines, every mu with about seedling 3500 strains;
(8) weeding and fertilising: in conjunction with the management of oranges and tangerines and short-tube lycoris, see that grass just pulls out, the interval certain hour is used the required fertilizer of medicinal material, and the short-tube lycoris bulb is expanded;
(9) extermination of disease and insect pest: in conjunction with the extermination of disease and insect pest of oranges and tangerines, the excision branches and leaves of dying of illness, suitably spray low toxicity, the agricultural chemicals of low-residual, find that the short-tube lycoris virus disease occurs, spray with the special 2500 times of liquid of 60% benzene Lay in sick cave, perhaps diseased plant is extracted, spray 600 times of liquid controls of 50% carbendazol wettable powder every first quarter moon again, find that the short-tube lycoris insect occurs, twill burglar moth is with 2500 times of liquid of 5% Frontline suspending agent, 1000 times of liquid controls of ten thousand spirits, 1500 times of liquid of medicament Le Siben or 800 times of liquid of phoxim emulsifiable concentrate can be selected in the morning or be sprayed at dusk the time to the short-tube lycoris noctuid, thrips is with 3000 times of liquid of 25% Imidacloprid, the by turns spraying control of happy 6000～10000 times of liquid of 70% Amy, grub adopts the medicines such as phoxim or chlorophos to prevent and treat;
(10) rich water quality management: every mu applies 1:3 people and animals liquid dung 1000 ~ 1500kg, and every minor tick is about 30 days.Enter rainy season May, want timely ditch cleaning draining, such as prolonged drought, should in time water, the place that condition is good can pour into water encloses in the ditch, after permeable 1 evening (evening 6 to point on next day 8) water is discharged, the depth of water is advisable to be lower than railway carriage or compartment face 5 cm, oranges and tangerines can be applied fertilizer together during fertilising, operates easier, reduce recruitment, short-tube lycoris carries out water conservation with coverings such as straws after falling seedling June in addition;
(11) management of spider lily growth phase next year: late August ~ early September, short-tube lycoris emerges again, Miao Qihou, and every mu applies 1:3 people and animals liquid dung 1000 kg, and every minor tick was removed weeds about 30 days;
(12) next year oranges and tangerines management: carry out prevention and elimination of disease and pests period according to Ci trus growth, Flowering and fruiting, blooming every year to chase after sprays 1 % potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1 % urea, 200 kg, and every minor tick is about 10 days;
(13) short-tube lycoris is gathered in the crops: the short-tube lycoris through cultivation in about 5 years can be gathered in, and falls June behind the seedling, excavates when stem is withered on the ground, and separately clove is used as to plant, and remainder is cleaned earth, removes fibrous root, and section is dried or dried and is used as medicine;
(14) results of oranges and tangerines: in time gather in the crops, sell the season according to citrus fruit harvesting;
(15) the again implantation methods of short-tube lycoris: carry out whole ground by the step poly-(7), apply the cake fertilizer (cake-shaped rape seed dregs: tea oil residule 3:1 or 2:1 that crosses through composting, admix the pre-insect-pest of the withered energy of tea) mix farmyard manure (through composting or burnt, to kill weed seed, worm's ovum and germ), every mu applies 1000 ~ 2000 kg(and contains cake fertilizer 150 ~ 200 kg that became thoroughly decomposed), slowly water permeable.In the ranks and open the dark flat ditch of 5 cm between strain, choosing height is at the stalwartness of 0.5 ~ 1.0 cm band bud bract scale stem without damage by disease and insect, oranges and tangerines in the ranks and between strain by 5 ~ 7 cm distance mutual pendulum kind triangular in shape, apart from dead beat kind in oranges and tangerines radius 15 cm, be convenient to the management of oranges and tangerines, every mu with planting about 3500 piece roots;
(14) by poly-(8), (9) of step, (10), (11), (13) short-tube lycoris is managed the results short-tube lycoris.
In one embodiment, the interplanting medicinal material is short-tube lycoris.
In another embodiment, the seed that short-tube lycoris is broadcast described in the step poly-13 can be selected the band bud bract scale stem that downcuts the previous year.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1, cost of the present invention reduces greatly, and remarkable benefit improves;
(1) reduced management cost, two Plants are finished in same hypervisor, do not increase the management recruitment; Increase the economic benefit of unit are, in same plot, same management process, gathered in the crops simultaneously two plant material;
(2) rich water resource-sharing: saved fertilizer and water;
(3) high yield saving of labor: owing to adopt the domestic animal getting fat, promote the growth of rhizome and expand, reduce the generation of underground damage by disease and insect, reduced the usage amount of agricultural chemicals.
2, once plantation can be gathered in the crops oranges and tangerines for many years.
3, oranges and tangerines can shelter from heat or light for short-tube lycoris well, preserve moisture and fertility, and for spider lily growth provides good growing environment, this environment has been simulated the ecosystem excellent environment of short-tube lycoris substantially.
Of the present invention is common oranges and tangerines, and promotional value is large, can be used as the mode method that short-tube lycoris produces.
Embodiment
Further specify essentiality content of the present invention with embodiment of the present invention, but do not limit the present invention with this.
Embodiment 1:
On request behind selection of land and the whole ground, select preferably tree-like Citrus Cultivars of suitable local cultivation and market in early March, plant seedling according to line-spacing 300 cm, spacing in the rows 300 cm caves, plant oranges and tangerines 50-75 strain for every mu, whenever spread manuer in holes and make base manure into fertile 500 g of the soil of admixing Chemical Mixed Fertilizer and cake fertilizer assorted (every mu of cake fertilizer 120 kg(dish cakes: tea cake=3:1), Chemical Mixed Fertilizer 100 kg), every mu applies base manure 1500 kg.
When the Ci trus growth height reaches about 200cm, oranges and tangerines reach more than 85 % rate of sheltering from heat or light, ground outside oranges and tangerines pocket 15cm is loosened the soil, apply again the cake fertilizer (cake-shaped rape seed dregs: tea oil residule 3:1 or 2:1 that crosses through composting, admix the pre-insect-pest of the withered energy of tea) mix farmyard manure (through composting or burnt, to kill weed seed, worm's ovum and germ), every mu applies 1000 ~ 2000 kg(and contains cake fertilizer 150 ~ 200 kg that became thoroughly decomposed), slowly water permeable, and use straw, straw or rape straw cover the water conservation moisturizing, in the ranks and open the dark flat ditch of 5 cm between strain, choosing height is at the stalwartness of 0.5 ~ 1.0 cm short-tube lycoris seedling without damage by disease and insect, oranges and tangerines in the ranks and between strain by the mutual transplanting triangular in shape of 5 ~ 7 cm distance, apart from not transplanting seedlings in oranges and tangerines radius 20 cm, be convenient to the management of oranges and tangerines, every mu with about seedling 3500 strains.
In conjunction with the management of oranges and tangerines and short-tube lycoris, see that grass just pulls out, the interval certain hour is used the required fertilizer of medicinal material, and the short-tube lycoris bulb is expanded.The extermination of disease and insect pest in conjunction with oranges and tangerines, the excision branches and leaves of dying of illness, suitably spray low toxicity, the agricultural chemicals of low-residual, find that the short-tube lycoris virus disease occurs, spray with the special 2500 times of liquid of 60% benzene Lay in sick cave, perhaps diseased plant is extracted, spray 600 times of liquid controls of 50% carbendazol wettable powder every first quarter moon again, find that the short-tube lycoris insect occurs, twill burglar moth is with 2500 times of liquid of 5% Frontline suspending agent, 1000 times of liquid controls of ten thousand spirits, 1500 times of liquid of medicament Le Siben or 800 times of liquid of phoxim emulsifiable concentrate can be selected in the morning or be sprayed at dusk the time to the short-tube lycoris noctuid, thrips is with 3000 times of liquid of 25% Imidacloprid, the by turns spraying control of happy 6000～10000 times of liquid of 70% Amy, grub adopts the medicines such as phoxim or chlorophos to prevent and treat.
Every mu applies 1:3 people and animals liquid dung 1000 ~ 1500kg, and every minor tick is about 30 days.Enter rainy season May, want timely ditch cleaning draining, such as prolonged drought, should in time water, the place that condition is good can pour into water encloses in the ditch, after permeable 1 evening (evening 6 to point on next day 8) water is discharged, the depth of water is advisable to be lower than railway carriage or compartment face 5 cm, oranges and tangerines can be applied fertilizer together during fertilising, operates easier, reduce recruitment, short-tube lycoris carries out water conservation with coverings such as straws after falling seedling June in addition.
Late August ~ early September next year, short-tube lycoris emerges again, Miao Qihou, and every mu applies 1:3 people and animals liquid dung 1000 kg, and every minor tick was removed weeds about 30 days.The next year management of oranges and tangerines is carried out prevention and elimination of disease and pests according to Ci trus growth, Flowering and fruiting period, and blooming every year to chase after sprays 1 % potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1 % urea, 200 kg, and every minor tick is about 10 days.
Short-tube lycoris through cultivation in about 5 years can be gathered in, and falls June behind the seedling, excavates when stem is withered on the ground, and separately clove is used as to plant, and remainder is cleaned earth, removes fibrous root, and section is dried or dried and is used as medicine.Oranges and tangerines are in time gathered in the crops, are sold according to normal harvest season.
Carry out as stated above whole ground, apply the cake fertilizer (cake-shaped rape seed dregs: tea oil residule 3:1 or 2:1 that crosses through composting, admix the pre-insect-pest of the withered energy of tea) mix farmyard manure (through composting or burnt, to kill weed seed, worm's ovum and germ), every mu applies 1000 ~ 2000 kg(and contains cake fertilizer 150 ~ 200 kg that became thoroughly decomposed), slowly water permeable.In the ranks and open the dark flat ditch of 5 cm between strain, choosing height is at the stalwartness of 0.5 ~ 1.0 cm band bud bract scale stem without damage by disease and insect, oranges and tangerines in the ranks and between strain by 5 ~ 7 cm distance mutual pendulum kind triangular in shape, apart from dead beat kind in oranges and tangerines radius 15 cm, be convenient to the management of oranges and tangerines, every mu with planting about 3500 piece roots.By the same way short-tube lycoris and oranges and tangerines are managed, gather in the crops short-tube lycoris, and it is processed.
Performance analysis:
(1) short-tube lycoris is once taken in: receive bright short-tube lycoris 750 kg for every mu, and about 3000 of band bud bud piece root, the price of bright short-tube lycoris is 8 yuan/kg, 6000 yuan of incomes from sales.The exposed cultivation of contrast, every mu of bright short-tube lycoris 800 kg of results, 6400 yuan of incomes from sales.
(2) income: oranges and tangerines are every mu of bright oranges and tangerines 2000 kg of results after 5 years, are batch sale because bright oranges and tangerines divide, and close 1.5 yuan/kg of average price, take in 3000 yuan.
The income of four short-tube lycoris of plantation is 24000 yuan in 21 years, and the oranges and tangerines income is 48000 yuan, and two add up to per two mu 144000 yuan of incomes; And separately plantation, the income of four short-tube lycoris of one mu of plantation is 25600 yuan, and one mu of oranges and tangerines income is 48000 yuan, and two add up to per two mu 73600 yuan of incomes.
(3) recruitment is saved: bi-material is from save more than 90 days than two kinds of recruitment sums of planting separately to all recruitments of gathering in the crops wholely, and main saving of labor's link is: intertill and clean tillage was economized 50 days, and rich water quality management was economized 30 days, extermination of disease and insect pest saving 10 days.Per diem labor cost is 80 yuan, saves 7200 yuan of wages.
Claims (3)
1. the invention provides the efficient cover cultivating method of a kind of short-tube lycoris and oranges and tangerines, step comprises:
(1) selection of soil: moistening fertile, preserve moisture and fertility power is strong, the domatic ground of the loose sand loam of quality or garden mould;
(2) wholely: plough deeply 350cm a year winter first, 350cm opens the railway carriage or compartment, and the surface is whole carefully rakes;
(3) selection of interplanting short-tube lycoris fruit variety: tree-like oranges and tangerines height is at 200 ~ 250 cm, and the rate of sheltering from heat or light is more than 90 %;
(4) transplanting of oranges and tangerines fruit tree: the oranges and tangerines planting density is consistent with general planting, embarks on journey and transplants the citrus fruit seedling, and transplant time is carried the first five years than the short-tube lycoris sowing time;
(5) pruning of oranges and tangerines fruit tree: oranges and tangerines fruit tree lower floor branch and the branches and leaves of dying of illness are extractd, made ground 50 ~ 70 cm without the oranges and tangerines shoot and leaf growth, guarantee the quick circulation of air, the upper strata branch is suitably pruned the assurance light transmission;
(6) extermination of disease and insect pest: for shot hole, spray 10-15 times of rosin mixture or Baume 0.8-1 degree lime sulfur 1-2 time, sick for resin, trunk, the major branch morbidity is scraped the section's tissue of preventing or cure a disease with cutter, yellowish-brown colour band scraped clean with sick section and strong section intersection, use 75% alcohol disinfecting, and coat tung oil topsin (1 jin of tung oil adds 1 liang of topsin), or with cutter vertical number cutter of drawing around disease is strong, deeply reach xylem, be coated with 50-100 times of thiophanate methyl or carbendazim, connect and be coated with 3-4 time, for foot rot, dark mildew: choosing is fine, (1 kilogram of flour is put into pot with the dissolving of 3-4 kilogram clear water without caking and is boiled to spray 10-12 times of flour liquid or meal soup, be watered in proportion after taking the dish out of the pot), or machine oil emulsion 100-150 isocarbophos 1000-1500 times of liquid extraordinarily, method for insect pest, two spotted spider mite selects spray 100 times of liquid of machine oil emulsion or Baume 0.8-1.0 degree lime sulfur before the rudiment in next year in the winter time, blister mite sprays Baume 0.8-1.0 degree lime sulfur in the winter time to early spring, the elimination polypide that survives the winter, leaf miner is sprayed in the winter time 8-10 resin soap emulsifiable concentrate or 100 times of liquid machine oil emulsions doubly and adds 3000 times of liquid organophosphorous pesticides, also will protect in addition full-scale drama ladybug in the tangerine garden, the natural enemies such as Australian ladybeetle;
(7) method of transplanting seedlings of short-tube lycoris: when the Ci trus growth height reaches about 200cm, oranges and tangerines reach more than 85 % rate of sheltering from heat or light, ground outside oranges and tangerines pocket 15cm is loosened the soil, apply again the cake fertilizer (cake-shaped rape seed dregs: tea oil residule 3:1 or 2:1 that crosses through composting, admix the pre-insect-pest of the withered energy of tea) mix farmyard manure (through composting or burnt, to kill weed seed, worm's ovum and germ), every mu applies 1000 ~ 2000 kg(and contains cake fertilizer 150 ~ 200 kg that became thoroughly decomposed), slowly water permeable, and use straw, straw or rape straw cover the water conservation moisturizing, in the ranks and open the dark flat ditch of 5 cm between strain, choosing height is at the stalwartness of 0.5 ~ 1.0 cm short-tube lycoris seedling without damage by disease and insect, oranges and tangerines in the ranks and between strain by the mutual transplanting triangular in shape of 5 ~ 7 cm distance, apart from not transplanting seedlings in oranges and tangerines radius 20 cm, be convenient to the management of oranges and tangerines, every mu with about seedling 3500 strains;
(8) weeding and fertilising: in conjunction with the management of oranges and tangerines and short-tube lycoris, see that grass just pulls out, the interval certain hour is used the required fertilizer of medicinal material, and the short-tube lycoris bulb is expanded;
(9) extermination of disease and insect pest: in conjunction with the extermination of disease and insect pest of oranges and tangerines, the excision branches and leaves of dying of illness, suitably spray low toxicity, the agricultural chemicals of low-residual, find that the short-tube lycoris virus disease occurs, spray with the special 2500 times of liquid of 60% benzene Lay in sick cave, perhaps diseased plant is extracted, spray 600 times of liquid controls of 50% carbendazol wettable powder every first quarter moon again, find that the short-tube lycoris insect occurs, twill burglar moth is with 2500 times of liquid of 5% Frontline suspending agent, 1000 times of liquid controls of ten thousand spirits, 1500 times of liquid of medicament Le Siben or 800 times of liquid of phoxim emulsifiable concentrate can be selected in the morning or be sprayed at dusk the time to the short-tube lycoris noctuid, thrips is with 3000 times of liquid of 25% Imidacloprid, the by turns spraying control of happy 6000～10000 times of liquid of 70% Amy, grub adopts the medicines such as phoxim or chlorophos to prevent and treat;
(10) rich water quality management: every mu applies 1:3 people and animals liquid dung 1000 ~ 1500kg, and every minor tick is about 30 days, and enter rainy season May, want timely ditch cleaning draining, such as prolonged drought, should in time water, the place that condition is good can pour into water encloses in the ditch, after permeable 1 evening (evening 6 to point on next day 8) water is discharged, the depth of water is advisable to be lower than railway carriage or compartment face 5 cm, oranges and tangerines can be applied fertilizer together during fertilising, operates easier, reduce recruitment, short-tube lycoris carries out water conservation with coverings such as straws after falling seedling June in addition;
(11) management of spider lily growth phase next year: late August ~ early September, short-tube lycoris emerges again, Miao Qihou, and every mu applies 1:3 people and animals liquid dung 1000 kg, and every minor tick was removed weeds about 30 days;
(12) next year oranges and tangerines management: carry out prevention and elimination of disease and pests period according to Ci trus growth, Flowering and fruiting, blooming every year to chase after sprays 1 % potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1 % urea, 200 kg, and every minor tick is about 10 days;
(13) short-tube lycoris is gathered in the crops: the short-tube lycoris through cultivation in about 5 years can be gathered in, and falls June behind the seedling, excavates when stem is withered on the ground, and separately clove is used as to plant, and remainder is cleaned earth, removes fibrous root, and section is dried or dried and is used as medicine;
(14) results of oranges and tangerines: in time gather in the crops, sell the season according to citrus fruit harvesting;
(15) the again implantation methods of short-tube lycoris: carry out whole ground by the step poly-(7), apply the cake fertilizer (cake-shaped rape seed dregs: tea oil residule 3:1 or 2:1 that crosses through composting, admix the pre-insect-pest of the withered energy of tea) mix farmyard manure (through composting or burnt, to kill weed seed, worm's ovum and germ), every mu applies 1000 ~ 2000 kg(and contains cake fertilizer 150 ~ 200 kg that became thoroughly decomposed), slowly water permeable
In the ranks and open the dark flat ditch of 5 cm between strain, choosing height is at the stalwartness of 0.5 ~ 1.0 cm band bud bract scale stem without damage by disease and insect, oranges and tangerines in the ranks and between strain by 5 ~ 7 cm distance mutual pendulum kind triangular in shape, apart from dead beat kind in oranges and tangerines radius 15 cm, be convenient to the management of oranges and tangerines, every mu with planting about 3500 piece roots;
(14) by poly-(8), (9) of step, (10), (11), (13) short-tube lycoris is managed the results short-tube lycoris.
2. according to claim 1 method, the interplanting medicinal material is short-tube lycoris.
3. according to claim 1 method, the seed that short-tube lycoris is broadcast described in the step poly-13 can be selected the band bud bract scale stem that downcuts the previous year.
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