CN111919697A - Method for rapidly and efficiently identifying optimal transplantation period of Lycoris radiata - Google Patents
Method for rapidly and efficiently identifying optimal transplantation period of Lycoris radiata Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and relates to a method for quickly and efficiently identifying the optimal transplanting period of Lycoris radiata. The invention adopts a single-factor random block design to discuss the annual dynamic changes of the total biomass of the lycoris radiata and the biomass and root viability of each organ (leaf-flower-bulb-root system) at different periods so as to screen out the planting period or transplanting period which is more suitable for the production of the lycoris radiata cut flowers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and relates to a method for quickly and efficiently identifying the optimal transplanting period of Lycoris radiata.
Background
Lycoris radiata (L ' Her.) Herb.) is a bulb plant of Lycoris of Amaryllidaceae, has the winter leaves like orchid, is red and gorgeous in summer, has thick and strong scape and beautiful flower type, is called as ' Chinese tulip ' by western people, has strong adaptability and rich breeding resources, is a novel local characteristic bulbous flower which is originally produced in China at present and only a few of which are not pre-bred by foreign people, is also an internationally compact medicinal plant and industrial starch raw material, and is mainly distributed in the Yangtze river basin of China. However, the production of cut flowers is limited due to "difficult effective control of flowering phase". The artificial rapid identification of the optimal transplanting period of the lycoris radiata has very important significance for accelerating the precise production of lycoris radiata seedballs and fresh cut flowers and enriching the cultivation technology of the characteristic bulbous flowers in China.
At present, researches on Lycoris radiata mainly comprise aspects of resource distribution, phylogeny, growth traits, cultivation and propagation, extraction and pharmacological analysis of medicinal components, flowering phase regulation, breeding and the like, and researches on aspects of efficient transplanting technology and optimal transplanting time of Lycoris radiata are not reported yet. However, at present, no good solution is provided for the phenomenon that the lycoris radiate does not bloom or blooms in the same year in the planting of the flowering bulbs of the lycoris radiate, and the key point is that the research and the grasp on the optimal transplanting period and related technologies of the lycoris radiate are not enough. Therefore, the optimal transplanting season and the optimal period of the quickly determined lycoris radiata are important technical links for effectively regulating and controlling the flowering period of the lycoris radiata, and the industrialized production of the lycoris radiata is promoted.
Traditionally, the transplantation time of Lycoris radiata is determined to be better than the dormancy period, the fibrous roots of Lycoris radiata are not damaged when digging, and the roots should be remained for planting when transplanting. In the aspect of the phenology, the lycoris radiata is generally considered to have a 'dormant period', namely a species growing in autumn and winter and dormant in summer, and then enters a growth period after dormancy; for the judgment of the proper transplantation period of Lycoris radiata, the phenological morphology of whether the overground part is dormant is mostly used as the basis; however, the habitats of Lycoris radiata in different regions have obvious difference. Research shows that the life of the lycoris herb roots is 1-2 years, and the turnover rate is about 0.64 times per year. Frequent transplanting is not suitable, and a single bulb cannot bloom in successive years. In addition, the root and the leaf of the Lycoris radiata are in different growth stages, the green leaf stage of the Lycoris radiata is the senescence stage of the root system, and the vigorous growth stage of the root is in the dormancy stage which is traditionally considered, so that a certain error exists in the traditional method for determining the transplanting time of the Lycoris radiata; secondly, because the existing method for confirming the transplanting period of the Lycoris radiata is dependent on the discrimination of the organ morphology of the overground part, the method is suitable for transplanting after the leaves of the Lycoris radiata are completely dead (in the middle of 5 months) and before the scape is extracted (from the middle of 8 months), and the time span is long (about 3 months), so that the optimal transplanting time point is difficult to be effectively and accurately defined.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an economic, simple, convenient, rapid and effective technical measure for accurately identifying the optimal transplanting period of the Lycoris radiata, and provides a scientific basis for large-scale and industrialized production of the Lycoris radiata.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for rapidly and efficiently identifying the optimal transplantation period of Lycoris radiata comprises the following steps: 1) observing the yellow withering process of the leaves; 2) analyzing the annual growth rule and configuration of the root system; 3) measuring the activity of the root system; 4) the optimal stage of transplantation is established.
Wherein, the observation starting time in the step 1) is from the middle and last ten days of 4 months to the last ten days of 5 months, namely the yellow withered period of the leaves, the phenological characters are observed and photographed every 2-3 days, and the time for determining the total withered time of the leaves on the overground part of the lycoris radiata population is recorded.
Wherein, step 2) the annual growth rule and configuration analysis of the root system, adopting a single-factor random block design, discussing the total biomass of the Lycoris radiata and the annual dynamic changes of the biomass of each organ of leaves, flowers, bulbs and the root system vitality at different periods; specifically, a STD 4800 root scanner is adopted to carry out whole-plant scanning on the root growth conditions of the lycoris radiata at different development periods, the obtained picture is subjected to preliminary processing by WinRHIO software, so that the crossing number, the tip number, the length, the thickness and the total area of the root system and the average value of the root system are calculated, Excel statistical data are obtained, then SPSS is adopted to carry out variance analysis and multiple comparison of different processing, and the space-time distribution characteristics and the configuration of the root system of the lycoris radiata are obtained.
In the analysis of the annual growth rule and the configuration of the root system of Lycoris radiata, the underground part of Lycoris radiata has a plurality of fibrous roots which all grow in a circle around the bulb dish, and the change of the number of the root systems shows obvious seasonality. In the green leaf stage, although the lycoris radiata does not have new coarse roots (i.e. I-level fibrous roots with the diameter D of not less than 2.0mm) to germinate, the lycoris radiata maintains the elongation growth (10-12 months) and the decline (1-4 months) of the root system. Wherein, in 10-11 months, the increase of root biomass is mainly shown in the elongation growth (increased by 166%) of fibrous roots II (D is more than 1.0mm and less than or equal to 2.0mm) and III (D is more than 0 and less than or equal to 1.0mm), but the root thickness has no obvious change; in 11-12 months, the increase of the biomass of the root system is mainly shown in the increase of the number of the II-grade and III-grade fibrous roots (fine roots), and the number of the I-grade fibrous roots (coarse roots) is not obviously changed. In 12-2 months, the average root thickness is increased, but the biomass of the root system is still continuously reduced, which is mainly shown in gradual decline and withering of the fibrous roots II and III. In 1-5 months, the biomass of the root system gradually decreases and decreases to the lowest level of the whole year in the middle of 5 months. Wherein, in 3-6 months, the old root (first-grade fibrous root) in the underground gradually weakens and dies, wherein 4-5 months are the concentrated die period (all die and fall off in 6 months) of the old root and also are a large number of germination periods of the new root (first-grade fibrous root).
The number of new roots and their length are increasing continuously during the whole dormancy period (6-9 months). Wherein, the net increase of I-grade fibrous root (coarse root) is the largest, and the increase of length, root tip number, root branch number and crossing number of II-grade and III-grade fibrous root (fine root) is smaller. This indicates that the increase in root system during the dormant period is mainly manifested in the sprouting of grade I fibrous roots.
And 3) measuring the activity of the root system in the step 3) by adopting a triphenyltetrazolium chloride method, and reflecting the strength of the activity of the root system by utilizing the reducing capability of TTC.
Root activity measurement shows that positive values of ' leaf withering and yellowing to withering and death ' at the upper part of the ground ', and new and old root systems at the lower part of lycoris radiata are intensively replaced. The obvious change of the root number of the Lycoris radiata Linn occurs in the period of 4-5 months, namely, the new I-grade fibrous roots germinate in a large amount in short time (from late 4 to late 5), and gradually replace the old roots (the old I-grade fibrous roots are concentrated in late 5 and middle 5), and the root activity is enhanced accordingly. The activity of the root system is the most vigorous along with the gradual increase and the maximum rise of the biomass and the surface area of the root system in 11-12 months; and in 12-3 months, the activity of the root system is gradually reduced, and the activity is the lowest in 3 months.
Wherein, in the step 4), for the flowering bulb of the Lycoris radiata, the optimal transplanting period is the flourishing period after the leaf expanding period, namely 11 middle-of-the-month; for non-flowering bulbs, the optimal transplanting period is the early dormancy stage after all leaves are withered, namely the middle and last days of 5 months.
In the optimal transplanting period of the flowering ball in the step 4), the activity range of the root system is 2.29-2.78 mg g < -1 >. h < -1 >, the dry weight of the biomass of the root system is 0.83 +/-0.10 g, and the dry weight accounts for 14 +/-0.59 percent of the total biomass; the biomass ratio of the leaf and the bulb is respectively 13.13 plus or minus 0.64 percent and 72.18 plus or minus 1.59 percent; the number of root tips is: 1795 + -532.72, wherein the average number of new roots in stage I is 7.3, and the number of old hair in stage I is 4.0; total area of root system: 253.73 + -34.43 cm 2; the total root length is 819.03 +/-108.10 cm; the average root thickness is 0.95 +/-0.02; the average number of leaves per plant is 8.3-8.6.
In the optimal transplanting period of the non-flowering ball in the step 4), the root system activity is 1.5-1.7 mg g-1 h-1, the root system biomass is 0.85 +/-0.08 g, and accounts for 4.5 +/-0.29% of the total biomass; the biomass of the leaf and the bulb accounts for 7.11 plus or minus 0.37 percent and 88.3 plus or minus 0.53 percent respectively; the number of the root tips is 1226.6 +/-179.1, wherein the average number of the I-grade new roots is 10.7, and the number of the I-grade old beard roots is 1.3; total area of root system: 257.93 + -7.06 cm 2; the total root length is 815.96 +/-13.59 cm; the average root thickness is 1.38 +/-0.07; the average number of green leaves was 0, and all died.
The method disclosed by the invention is based on the phenological observation of the leaf yellow withering process, combines root system biological quantity measurement and root system configuration analysis, and can quickly and accurately determine the optimal transplanting period of the lycoris radiata, and fundamentally solves the phenomenon that the lycoris radiata blooms or the flowering amount is extremely small in the current year when the lycoris radiata blossoms are planted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the annual dynamic changes of the above-ground, underground and total biomass of Lycoris radiata;
FIG. 2 shows the dynamic changes of biomass of each organ of Lycoris radiata;
FIG. 3 shows the dynamic change of the leaf number of Lycoris radiata;
FIG. 4 shows the dynamic changes of the length of Lycoris radiata leaves;
FIG. 5 shows the dynamic change of root number of Lycoris radiata;
FIG. 6 shows the annual dynamic change in root length of Lycoris radiata;
FIG. 7 shows the dynamic change of root area of Lycoris radiata;
FIG. 8 shows the dynamic changes of the root tip number, branch number and crossing number of Lycoris radiata;
FIG. 9 shows the dynamic change of root activity of Lycoris radiata.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
Test materials and methods
1. General description of the test site
The test site is set up in Jiangxi agriculture university. The environment-friendly solar water heater belongs to subtropical monsoon humid climate, the climate humidity is mild, the climate illumination is sufficient, the average temperature in 1 month is 5.7 ℃, the minimum temperature is minus 3.9 ℃, the average temperature in 7 months is 29.5 ℃, the maximum temperature is 38.7 ℃, the annual rainfall capacity is 1600-1700 mm, and the annual average relative humidity is 78.5%.
2. Test materials
The lycoris radiata seedball for testing is from a lycoris radiata plant germplasm resource garden of a flower potted landscape training base of Jiangxi agricultural university. In 2016, in the middle 5 th month (after the leaf withers), the bulb of Lycoris radiata is dug up, and then the strong and uniform seed bulbs (d is 3.0 +/-0.2 cm) are selected, planted in the flower and pot base of Jiangxi university of agriculture, and planted in a 10cm multiplied by 15cm (caliber multiplied by height) earthen pot or a 1 gallon plastic pot. 1 pot and 1 ball, and the culture medium is V (perlite): v (peat soil): v (yellow soil) ═ 3:4: 3.
3. Test method
A random block test design is adopted, 3 blocks are arranged, each block is provided with 3 cells, and 90 pots are planted in each cell. Randomly selecting 3 pots of lycoris radiata at intervals of 15 days in 2016, 9 months and 15-2017, 8 months and 30 days, digging up the whole plant, keeping the root system complete, washing with tap water and drying; then 3 components of root system, bulb and leaf are respectively collected, dried at 85 ℃ until the mass is constant, and then weighed. Wherein, the area of the root system is counted by adopting an STD 4800 root system scanner method, and the activity of the root system is measured by adopting a TTC method.
The TTC method for determining the activity comprises the following specific processes: firstly, a TTC standard curve is prepared: preparing solutions with the concentrations of 0, 0.05 g.L < -1 >, 0.1 g.L < -1 >, 0.2 g.L < -1 >, 0.3 g.L < -1 > and 0.4 g.L < -1 > TTC, adding ethyl acetate and a small amount of sodium disulfite (Na2S2O4) into the solutions with the same amount (5ml), using a blank group as a control, and adjusting a spectrophotometer at 485nm to measure the light absorption values of the TTC solutions with different concentrations; mixing 10g of a TTC solution of L-1, 66mmol of a phosphoric acid buffer solution of L-1 and 0.4mol of a succinic acid solution of L-1 according to a volume ratio of 1:4:5 to prepare a reaction solution; thirdly, after cleaning the root system to be detected, absorbing water on the surface of the root system by using filter paper, immersing the root system in a triangular flask filled with the mixed reaction solution, placing the triangular flask at 37 ℃ for dark treatment, and observing the coloring condition of the root system to be detected after 2-3 hours; weighing 0.50g of root system sample, mixing 4 g.L-1 TTC solution and 66 mmol.L-1 phosphate buffer solution in equal amount to obtain 6mL of solution, and placing the solution in a 10mL small beaker; the root system is completely immersed in the mixed solution after being cleaned. Dark treatment was carried out at 37 ℃ for 40min, and 2mL of 1 mol. L-1 sulfuric acid was added to terminate the reaction; meanwhile, a group of blank tests are carried out, 2mL of 1 mol. L-1 sulfuric acid is added, then the root system is added, and other operation steps are the same as the above steps; fifthly, adding 1 mol/L-1 sulfuric acid to terminate the reaction, taking out the root system, sucking water on the root system to be tested, grinding the root system in a clean mortar, adding 5mL of ethyl acetate solution (sequentially adding the solution according to the ratio of 2: 1, adding 2mL of the solution for grinding, then adding 2mL of the solution, and finally adding 1mL of the solution for grinding), and simultaneously adding a small amount of quartz sand to fully extract The Tritylhydrazone (TTF); sixthly, slowly transferring the red trityl hydrazone liquid into a 10mL volumetric flask. And (3) washing the root system residues in the mortar with a small amount of ethyl acetate, transferring the washing liquid into a volumetric flask together, and supplementing an ethyl acetate solution to fix the volume. And reading out the light absorption value of the root system to be detected under the 485nm spectrophotometer when the blank test is taken as a reference. Substituting the standard curve into a linear regression equation to calculate the reduction amount of TTC. And then the reduction strength of the root system is calculated according to the reduction strength formula of the TTC, so that the activity value of the root system is obtained.
Defining new and old root systems, wherein the old root refers to a root system with dark yellow epidermis, rough surface and extremely developed secondary root system; the new root refers to a root system with white surface, transparent root body, smooth surface and few or no secondary roots.
Grading the root system with grade I fibrous root, D (diameter) not less than 2.0 mm; d is more than 1.0mm and less than or equal to 2.0 mm; grade III fibrous root, D is more than 0 and less than or equal to 1.0 mm.
4. Data analysis
The distribution of the root system is scanned by an STD 4800 root system scanner, and the obtained picture is subjected to preliminary treatment by WinRHIO software, Excel statistical data are obtained, and then SPSS is adopted for analysis.
Second, test results and analysis
1. Annual change rule of Lycoris radiata biomass
Biomass is one of the basic biological characteristics and functional traits of plants, and is the basic manifestation of substance and energy accumulation. In the distribution ratio of the total amount (dry weight) of lycoris radiata, the ratio of the root system (3.88-10.6%) of the underground part to the biomass of the bulb (70.22-92.06%) is larger, and the ratio of the biomass of the leaves (0-17.45%) of the overground part to the biomass of the flowers and the fruits (0-17.2%) is smaller (see figure 1).
FIG. 1 also shows that the biomass of underground part is stable in the flowering phase and the early leaf growth phase, and the rapid growth period is from the leaf mature period to the leaf withered and yellow period; the biomass on the overground part is zero in 5-8 months (no leaf period and dormancy), the biomass firstly rises and then falls in 5 months from 9 months to the next year, and the biomass reaches the maximum (1.53g) in the middle ten days of 1 month.
FIG. 2 shows that the biomass of Lycoris radiata flower organ rapidly increases (0.99g) with the elongation of scape in 9 months and rapidly decreases with the thank exism (10 months); the biomass of leaves continuously rises from 10 months (leaf expansion) to 1 middle of the month and reaches a maximum value (1.53g), and the biomass of leaves decreases to a minimum value along with leaf depletion in 5 middle of the month.
The biomass of the root system gradually increases from 9 months, reaches a maximum value (0.99g) in the middle of 12 months, gradually decreases thereafter (decreases to the minimum in the middle of 5 months), and rapidly increases again from 5 months to 8 months. The early 9-10 months is the transition period of the lycoris radiata from the dormant period to the flower and fruit period to the leaf period. The biomass of the bulb slightly decreases in 9-10 months (flowering and leaf emergence), rapidly increases in 1-5 months, and does not change significantly in 10-12 months (leaf growth period) and 5-8 months (dormancy period).
The maximum biomass value of the root system appears slightly earlier than the leaf (1 in the middle of the month) (12 in the middle of the month), while the maximum biomass value of the bulb appears in the yellow withered period (7-8 months). This indicates that the growth of the root, leaf and bulb is asynchronous, i.e. the start of the growth of the leaf lags behind the root system, and the growth of the bulb lags behind the leaf.
2. Law of leaf growth
The Lycoris radiata is a leaf-emerging plant of Lycoris radiata in autumn, leaves are extracted in 10 th of the month, and the number of leaves is in the trend of increasing first and then decreasing. In the exhibition period (9-11 months), the number of leaves is rapidly increased to 8.3 leaves/plant in 11 months; the number of leaves remained substantially unchanged (8-8.6 leaves) for a longer period thereafter (11 months to 5 months next year), and rapidly decreased with a large amount of apoptosis in 5-6 months (see fig. 3).
The change trend of the leaf length is similar to the leaf number, namely the leaf number is increased quickly in the early stage (9-2 months), wherein the net increase amount in 9-11 months is the maximum (accounting for 79% of the total net growth amount); in the middle (11-2 months), the growth is slow and reaches the maximum value in 2 months. In the later stage (2-5 months), the leaf length is in a downward trend, which is mainly characterized in that the leaves begin to wither yellow and wither from the tail end to the full leaf death in the middle of 5 months. In addition, the leaves have substantially no lateral growth after extraction, since the lateral growth of the leaves is substantially completed within the bulb. The leaf width is increased rapidly mainly in the leaf-drawing period of 9-10 months, and is basically kept between 7.7 mm and 8.1mm in the period of 10-4 months, and is rapidly reduced along with withering of leaves in 5-6 months (see figure 4).
3. Law of change in the number of roots
The lower part of the Lycoris radiata has a plurality of fibrous roots, the fibrous roots are planted in a circle around the bulbar disc, and the change of the number of the root systems shows obvious seasonality. FIG. 5 shows that the new roots generally increase in the 9 to 5 months. Wherein the period of the maximum net increment of the new root number (5-6 roots/ball) is 9-10 months; and then, 3 to 5 ten days in the middle of the month (4 to 5 roots/ball). The average new root number in the middle ten days of 5 months is increased to 12.6 (roots/ball), slightly decreases (11.3 roots/ball) in 6 months, slowly increases in 6-8 months, but the total number of new roots is still less than 5 months.
It can be seen from FIG. 5 that the number of old roots is generally decreased in the 9-5 months. Wherein, the number of old roots fluctuates between 3.3 and 4.3 within 9 to 4 months, and is relatively stable; in 4-5 months, the number of old roots is also rapidly reduced along with rapid yellow withering of leaves; in 5 months, the number of old roots is sharply reduced to 1.3 roots/ball, and in 6 months, all the roots die to zero. In addition, fig. 4 also shows that the change trend of the total root number is similar to the total new root number (namely, the total root number rapidly increases in 9-10 months, is relatively stable in 10-4 months, and increases in 6-8 months); the difference is that in 4-6 months, the total root number decreases with the decrease of the old root number, and the new root number increases.
Therefore, the new root germination period of the Lycoris radiata is mainly concentrated in 3-5 months and just overlaps with the yellow withering period and the flower bud differentiation period of leaves; the period with a large number of new roots is mainly 4-10 months and is between the leaf withering period and the flowering period and the leaf-drawing period; the withering peak of old roots is mainly concentrated in the early 5 th to middle 5 th of the month, namely the early stage of complete withering of leaves, which shows that the appearance of new roots of lycoris radiata and the withering of old roots are both in the months of 4-5.
4. Law of change of root length
As can be seen from FIG. 6, the annual length variation rules of the total root system, I-level, II-level and III-level roots are similar and show the trend of increasing, decreasing and increasing. Namely, the root system rapidly increases from the leaf emergence to the leaf maturation period (10-12 months) until the root system reaches the maximum value in 12 months (the total root system length is 993.04cm, the length of the I-level, II-level and III-level root systems are respectively 56.31cm, 295.76cm and 640.07 cm); the root length is reduced in 12-3 months, the root length is slightly increased in 4 months, the root length is reduced to the minimum value (the total root length is 180.26cm, the II-grade root length is 101.21cm, the III-grade root length is 52.11cm) in 5 months, the I-grade root length is delayed to reach the minimum value (26.94cm) in 6 months, and then the root length is increased again. It is known that the root system grows in a centrifugal manner, while senescence is in a centripetal manner.
5. Law of change of root system configuration
Fig. 7 shows that the change rules of the total projection area, the total root surface area and the total root volume of the lycoris radiata are basically consistent, and the total shows the trend of increasing, decreasing and increasing. The total root projection area and the total root surface area reach the maximum value (the total projection area is 94.3 cm) after the rapid increase for 10-1 month2Total root surface area 298.4cm2) The total root volume is in the month of 10-11The small decline, the rapid increase of 11-1 month reaches the maximum value (the total root volume is 7.2 cm)3) Although the total projection area, the total root surface area and the total root volume fluctuate to different degrees in months 1-6 and months 3 and 5, the total value shows a descending trend and reaches a minimum value in month 6 (the total projection area is 24.4 cm)2Total root surface area 76.5cm2Total root volume 2.6cm3) The total projection area, the total root surface area and the total root volume of the three-month solar cell all show rising trends in 6-9 months, wherein the rising amplitude of 6-7 months and 8-9 months is small, and the rising amplitude of 7-8 months is large.
FIG. 8 shows that the root system branch number, root system cross number and root tip number of Lycoris radiata are basically consistent in variation rule, and the whole body has the tendency of increasing-decreasing-increasing. In 10-1 month, the growth period is fast, and the maximum value is reached in 1 month (the number of root branches, the number of intersections and the number of root tips are 4296.7, 403.7 and 3025.5 respectively). Then (1-7 months) the root system continuously decreases, and the root system number of branches decreases to the lowest value (136.0, 3.3 and 135.3). Wherein the decrease is sharp (74.1%, 70.77%, 70.88% respectively) in 1-2 months. The three slightly rise in months of 4-5 and 7-9, and fall in months of 5-6.
6. Law of change of root activity
The activity of the root system can reflect the absorption of mineral elements by plants to a certain degree. From FIG. 9, the annual change trend of the root activity of Lycoris radiata is generally W-shaped. Namely, the trend is downward in 1-4 months, the trend is upward in 4-6 months, the trend is downward in 6-8 months, and the trend is upward in 9-12 months. Wherein the amplitude and intensity of the wave are maximum within 1-2 months, and the amplitude and intensity of the wave are maximum within 4-5 months; the activity was strongest in 12 months (2.86 mg. multidot.g) in the annual dynamic change of root system-1·h-1) Second 6 months; the activity was the weakest in 2 months (0.09 mg. multidot.g)-1·h-1)。
FIG. 9 also shows that the change of root activity of Lycoris radiata is closely related to the growth of leaves above ground. In 11-12 months, the activity of the overground root system is treated in the maximum growth stage, namely the rapid growth stage of the leaves with rapidly accumulated plant dry matter. When the leaves on the upper part of the local area are in a yellow withering period (4-6), the activity of the underground root system is rapidly enhanced, which is mainly related to flower bud differentiation of the underground bulbs.
Third, conclusion
1. Annual change and distribution rule of biomass of Lycoris radiata
During the growth and development process, the biomass of each organ of the Lycoris radiata is distributed and proportioned. The experiment shows that the biomass dynamic change and distribution of the Lycoris radiata and seasonal rhythm are obvious, and the change of the rhythm reflects the growth characteristics of the Lycoris radiata. From the leaf-expanding period to the period before the leaves and the root system grow mature and the pepperweed-flowering period, the biomass is gradually increased until the end of the green leaf period reaches the maximum; after the leaves are mature, the leaves begin to transport the redundant photosynthetic products to the leaf sheaths, so that the photosynthetic products become the hypertrophic scales with the storage function; after the green leaf period, the nutrients in the leaves continue to flow back into the bulbs with the withering of the leaves, and thus the bulbs are still gaining weight during the yellow leaf period and after yellow withering.
2. Root growth law of Lycoris radiata
The root system growth of the Lycoris radiata has obvious seasonal change. In the green leaf stage, although no new roots (I-grade fibrous roots) germinate, the root system keeps elongating growth (10-12 months) and declining (1-4 months). In 10-11 months, the biomass growth of the root system is mainly shown by the longitudinal elongation growth of the root (166 percent of growth), and in 11-12 months, the biomass growth of the root system is mainly shown by the germination of fibrous roots II and III, but is not the massive germination of fibrous roots I. And in 12-2 months, the reduction of the root biomass is mainly shown in the decline and withering of the secondary fibrous roots, and the root activity is gradually reduced. In 3-9 months, along with withering and yellowing of leaves on the overground part, the underground I-level fibrous roots gradually weaken and die (5 months), a large amount of new roots (I-level fibrous roots) germinate in a short time, old roots are gradually replaced, and the activity of the root systems of the old roots is gradually enhanced after the old roots die in 6 months; during the whole dormancy period, the number of new roots and the length of each level of root system are continuously increased, wherein the increase amplitude of the I level of root system is the largest. This indicates that the dormancy stage is a major stage of the germination of the I-grade root, and the leaf flourishing period is also the flourishing period of the root growth (10-12 months).
In conclusion, for the flowering ball of Lycoris radiata (d is more than or equal to 3.0 +/-0.2 cm),the activity of the root system is 0.16-0.20 mg/g-1·h-1(i.e. after-flowering-leaf-pulling and leaf-spreading period, in the middle and last 10 months), because the leaf and root are flourishing (11-12 months) after the leaf-spreading period, the root activity is high (2.29-2.78 mg. g)-1·h-1) The method is beneficial to the germination of the root system after the transplantation, and can not obviously influence the flowering in the next year; for non-flowering ball (d < 3.0cm), the root activity is 1.5-1.7 mg g-1·h-1In the middle and late days of 5 months, the optimal transplantation period was obtained. Because the old roots are aged in a large amount and the new roots are germinated in a large amount (dormancy stage, 6 months) after the yellow leaves are withered, the root activity is 2.81-2.86 mg g-1·h-1Is favorable for generating a large number of new roots after transplantation.
Therefore, the test result shows that the optimum transplanting period of the lycoris radiate can be quickly and accurately determined by combining root system biomass measurement and root system configuration analysis on the basis of phenological observation of the leaf yellow withering process and adopting a root system activity measurement method.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any simple modifications or equivalent substitutions of the technical solutions that can be obviously obtained by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for rapidly and efficiently identifying the optimal transplantation period of Lycoris radiata is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: 1) observing the yellow withering process of the leaves; 2) analyzing the annual growth rule and configuration of the root system; 3) measuring the activity of the root system; 4) the optimal stage of transplantation is established.
2. The method for rapidly and efficiently identifying the optimal transplantation period of Lycoris radiata as claimed in claim 1, wherein: step 1) observing the phenological characteristics at intervals of 2-3 days, taking pictures and recording to determine the time of all withered leaves on the overground part of the lycoris radiata population, wherein the observation starting time is from the middle and last ten days of 4 months to the last ten days of 5 months, namely the yellow withering period of the leaves.
3. The method for rapidly and efficiently identifying the optimal transplantation period of Lycoris radiata as claimed in claim 1, wherein: step 2) analyzing the annual growth rule and configuration of the root system, adopting a single-factor random block design, and discussing the annual dynamic changes of the total biomass of the Lycoris radiata and the biomass of each organ of leaves, flowers, bulbs and the root system and the viability of the root system at different periods; specifically, a STD 4800 root scanner is adopted to carry out whole-plant scanning on the root growth conditions of the lycoris radiata at different development periods, the obtained picture is subjected to preliminary processing by WinRHIO software, so that the crossing number, the tip number, the length, the thickness and the total area of the root system and the average value of the root system are calculated, Excel statistical data are obtained, then SPSS is adopted to carry out variance analysis and multiple comparison of different processing, and the space-time distribution characteristics and the configuration of the root system of the lycoris radiata are obtained.
4. The method for rapidly and efficiently identifying the optimal transplantation period of Lycoris radiata as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and 3) measuring the activity of the root system by adopting a triphenyltetrazolium chloride method, and reflecting the strength of the activity of the root system by utilizing the reduction capability of TTC.
5. The method for rapidly and efficiently identifying the optimal transplantation period of Lycoris radiata as claimed in claim 1, wherein: step 4), for the flowering ball of the Lycoris radiata, the optimal transplanting period is the vigorous leaf long period after the leaf expanding period, namely 11 middle-of-the-month ten days; for non-flowering bulbs, the optimal transplanting period is the early dormancy stage after all leaves are withered, namely the middle and last days of 5 months.
6. The method for rapidly and efficiently identifying the optimal transplantation period of Lycoris radiata as claimed in claim 5, wherein: in the optimal transplanting period of the flowering ball in the step 4), the activity range of the root system is 2.29-2.78 mg-g-1·h-1The dry weight of the root system biomass is 0.83 plus or minus 0.10g, which accounts for 14 plus or minus 0.59 percent of the total biomass; the biomass ratio of the leaf and the bulb is respectively 13.13 plus or minus 0.64 percent and 72.18 plus or minus 1.59 percent; the number of root tips is: 1795 + -532.72, wherein the average number of new roots in stage I is 7.3, and the number of old hair in stage I is 4.0; root system assemblyArea: 253.73 + -34.43 cm2(ii) a The total root length is 819.03 +/-108.10 cm; the average root thickness is 0.95 +/-0.02; the average number of leaves per plant is 8.3-8.6.
7. The method for rapidly and efficiently identifying the optimal transplantation period of Lycoris radiata as claimed in claim 5, wherein: step 4) in the optimal transplanting period of the non-flowering ball, the root activity is 1.5-1.7 mg-g-1·h-1The biomass of root systems is 0.85 plus or minus 0.08g, which accounts for 4.5 plus or minus 0.29 percent of the total biomass; the biomass of the leaf and the bulb accounts for 7.11 plus or minus 0.37 percent and 88.3 plus or minus 0.53 percent respectively; the number of the root tips is 1226.6 +/-179.1, wherein the average number of the I-grade new roots is 10.7, and the number of the I-grade old beard roots is 1.3; total area of root system: 257.93 +/-7.06 cm2(ii) a The total root length is 815.96 +/-13.59 cm; the average root thickness is 1.38 +/-0.07; the average number of green leaves was 0, and all died.
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