CN103782787B - GAP planting method of Lycoris aurea - Google Patents
GAP planting method of Lycoris aurea Download PDFInfo
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- CN103782787B CN103782787B CN201410068624.7A CN201410068624A CN103782787B CN 103782787 B CN103782787 B CN 103782787B CN 201410068624 A CN201410068624 A CN 201410068624A CN 103782787 B CN103782787 B CN 103782787B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a GPA planting method of Lycoris aurea. Harvested flowers of the Lycoris aurea can be used as raw medicinal materials for extracting galanthamine. The method includes the six main steps of plantation building, propagation method implementation, planting, field management, pest control, and harvesting, processing and storage. By replacing wild resources with artificially-cultivated Lycoris aurea resources, the ecological environment can be effectively projected, water and soil loss can be prevented, and market supply of raw medicinal materials of the galanthamine and clinical medication safety of the galanthamine can be guaranteed as well. Because the overground flowers of the Lycoris aurea are used as the raw medicinal materials for extracting the galanthamine, labor intensity is small, the proportion of labor cost is small, and production cost is low. The standard operating procedure of each production link is worked out for the first time. The content of the galanthamine in the dried flowers, used as the raw medicinal materials, of the Lycoris aurea produced through the method is much higher than that in bulbs used as raw medicinal materials for producing galanthamine in a pharmaceutical factory in the prior art. Lycoris aurea industrialization and GAP standardized artificial cultivation are achieved through the method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of GAP implantation methods and standard practice instructions of Lycoris, described Lycoris is to gather in the crops flower as the raw medicinal material extracting galanthamine.
Background technology
Traditional Chinese medicine GAP: be Good Agricultural Practices (Good Agricultural Practices is called for short GAP).Galanthamine chemistry is by name: 11-methyl-3-methoxyl group-4 α, 5,9,10,11,12-six hydrogen-6H-benzofuran [3 α, 2-ef] benzazepine-6-alcohol hydrobromate.English name galantamine, Reminy1 are a kind of phenanthridine alkaloids coming from lycoris plants, it is invertibity cholinesterase inhibitor, through blood-brain barrier, interrupted Neuromuscular Conduction can be recovered, improves the palsy of various nerve ending muscular disorders.The sixties in 20th century, (commodity are called Galanthamine Hydrobromide, nivalin to galanthamine, tablet) be mainly used in the diseases such as treatment polio (infantile paralysis) sequelae, amyotrophy, postoperative myenteron paralysis, the retention of urine and myasthenia gravis, also can be used for the treatment of children's brain type paralysis, traumatic sensorimotor obstacle, polyneuritis and radiculitis etc.To the nineties, people study discovery, and galanthamine has and improves memory deficits in mice function, infer that its central cholinergic system obstacle to Alzheimer disease (AD) may be effectively thus.Galanthamine can be reversible and specifically in conjunction with the active site on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the activity of inhibitory enzyme thus, in gap, acetylcholine amount increases to cause cynapse to be asked, thus improve the function transmission of cholinergic nerve, improve the cholinergic in AD patient brain, improve the cognitive ability of patient and self care ability etc.The clinical practice of galanthamine also thus from before treatment amyotrophy and myasthenia turned to treatment AD, and had corresponding formulation listing, there is the galanthamine of more weak anti-AChE effect, the Donetidine (donetidine) stronger with AChE inhibit activities and this bright (rivastigmine) of profit compare, therapeutic action in AD cognitive function but no less than them, but without hepatotoxicity wind agitation.
Galanthamine has choline inhibitory action.Galanthamine hydrobromide is used for the treatment of gently, moderate AD.Clinical effective rate is 50% ~ 60%, its curative effect with go on the market in multiple country.Research is thought, the acetylcholine amount of Patients With Senile Dementia reduces, and the reduction of cholinergic (AChE) is the Etiological causing AD, and therefore, the acetylcholinesteraseinhibitors inhibitors that can improve patient's choline levels is expected to the active drug becoming treatment AD.The treatment of AD is just towards prophylactic future development, and the advantage of galanthamine hydrobromide receives special concern, and its potential public health benefit is significant and likely becomes the choice drug of AD treatment.
AD medicine market prospects are had an optimistic view of based on galanthamine, this is mainly: the 1. increasing number of patient groups, ratio is high, the incidence of disease of AD accounts for 10% in the elderly of one's mid-60s, 20% is accounted in the elderly more than 80 years old, and having the trend risen gradually, Alzheimer's disease has become in developed country and has caused dead the fourth-largest " killer ".Have data to show, China 6O year above population l998 has reached 1.2 hundred million, 2l middle of century and can reach about 400,000,000, the maximum country of the aged in the world will be become, the existing old dementia patients about 5,000,000 of current China, along with passage of time, number of patients may also will constantly increase.2. the market sales revenue of such medicine is always in steady-state growth.Nineteen ninety-five 5000000000 dollars of such medicine worldwide sales, reach 7,000,000,000 dollars to sales volume at the beginning of 21 century, surpassed 10,000,000,000 dollars already now.3. it is long to take the medicine time, and this disease is similar to diabetes needs long-term taking medicine, and therefore its medication market increases along with aging population and expands gradually.4. the drug effect of galanthamine significantly and sales volume increases fast, and in treatment medicine for senile dementia principal item, galanthamine sales volume increases severely, and has the situation of sustainable growth.The staple product that galanthamine and lycorine Ye Shi China export goods and earn foreign currency in recent years.
Galanthamine can extract from the plants such as Amaryllidaceae Lycoris, Galanthus (dripping Pittosporum also known as snow), also can chemically entirely synthesize.
1. extract from amrallid: amrallid comprises Lycoris and Galanthus, short-tube lycoris (Lycoris radiata Herb) in Lycoris, Lycoris (L.aurea Herb, have another name called Lycoris aurea), summer narcissus Levorchinensis Roem), daffodil (Narcissus pseudo-narcissus Linn, have another name called daffadowndilly) etc., Huo Shi snowdrop (Galanthus woronawii Losink.) in Galanthus and summer snow drip flower (Leucojum aestivum L.) galanthamine alkaloid, usual mass fraction is ten thousand/left and right, wherein the highest with the galanthamine content of Lycoris bulb again, galanthamine is extracted using its underground bulb as raw material on producing.
2. chemical method synthesis: the work of chemically synthesizing galanthamine starts from the beginning of the sixties in last century, and D Barton 9 step synthesis techniques had prepared racemic galanthamine at that time, total recovery only 0.07%.In current synthetic method, total recovery there has been raising.The Froehlich professor of University Vienna Austria is with 3, and 4 one dimethoxy benzaldehydes are initiation material, through 9 step reactions, obtains (-) galanthamine.The open country of Japan goes out etc. people and proposes one with the route of Gallic Acid methyl esters for initiation material synthesis galanthamine Alkaloid.The method that it is initiation material synthesis galanthamine and epigalanthamine that the people such as Laszlo Czollner of Sanochemia drugmaker of Austria proposes with isovanillin and tyrasamine, domestic scholars Yan man Qi with isovanillin and tyrasamine for initiation material synthesizes galanthamine.Accessory substance in galanthamine leaching process is mainly lycoramine, although relatively little but its content of medical value is 2 times of galanthamine, and structure has only been lacked a double bond, therefore Liu Tao etc. with lycoramine (1ycoramine) for raw material, using 9% lanthanum nickel rare earth alloy as catalyzer, in 240 DEG C of selective dehydrogenations, semi-synthetic galanthamine, thereafter the new method that also been proposed a kind of full synthesis galanthamine with isovanillin and tyrasamine for primary raw material, through bromination, condensating reductive, formylated, oxidative coupling and the reaction of reduction 5 step, synthesize galanthamine.
Although there are many chemical methodes to synthesize the report of galanthamine, but the chemical synthesis process of galanthamine also exists route length, complex steps, severe reaction conditions, cost is high, yield is low, environmental pollution, the existence of the chiral carbon of galanthamine simultaneously, the shortcomings such as racemic product not easily splits, current galanthamine does not still realize industrialization synthesis, medicinal raw material is all the underground bulb deriving from lycoris plants, and this is also its expensive main cause.
Lycoris is traditional medicinal plant, records, its bulb can eliminate the phlegm, diuresis, removing toxic substances, emetic according to Compendium of Material Medica.In Lycoris medicinal plant, Lycoris bulb is because containing higher alkaloid.That the alkaloidal primary raw materials such as galanthamine are extracted at present in pharmaceutical factory.Lycoris is also a kind of excellent ornamental plants in garden and cut-flower plant, and it spends greatly, rich color, leaf dark green.The ground such as Taiwan and Southeast Asia do cut-flower plant and garden plants plantation.Country facilities produces the alkaloids such as galanthamine and afforestation is all by excavating wild Lycoris bulb in a large number.Because excavating for a long time, wild resource is on the verge of exhaustion; On the other hand, place of production massif is dug riddled with gaping wounds, and cause water intellectual to lose, environmental disruption is serious.So carrying out artificial cultivation Lycoris on a large scale, to solve the raw material supply of galanthamine, preserve the ecological environment, is the effective way of its sustainable development.
The title that short-tube lycoris have " China tulip ", short-tube lycoris scape is healthy and strong, and scape is long, large flower and brilliant color, and pattern enriches, and have the polychromes such as red, yellow, purple, white, blue, Exocarpium Citri Rubrum, colorful, spend shape changeable and peculiar, perianth warp is rugosity; Petal has wide lobe, narrow lobe, flat lobe, wrinkle lobe etc., the features such as resistance to transport; Phyllopodium is raw, ribbon, bright green, and form is graceful, and shade tolerance is strong, and ornamental value is high.Also there is many research the domestic and international mass rearing to Lycoris and artificial cultivation aspect, report that relevant short-tube lycoris tame document growth trend is obvious in recent years, the report having artificial planting is started on the ground such as Fujian and Jiangsu, about the artificial cultivation of short-tube lycoris almost concentrates on flowers aspect entirely, it studies the Study on Physiological and Ecological Characteristics and tame research that focus mostly in the florescence control, cut-flower quality etc. of cut-flower class short-tube lycoris plant, and the principal item of cultivation is Lycoris radiata.And about the report of the artificial cultivation research of producing galanthamine raw medicinal material Lycoris less, and be fragmentary report in recent years.The investigation of germ plasm resource and the research work of good variety selection are carried out comparatively early equally in flowers field, better, to have cultivated many spend large, rich color, bright-coloured, the improved seeds of leaf dark green, and have no report about the seed selection of the medicinal improved seeds of high yield, galanthamine high-load.
Because Lycoris is nature bulb separation breeding plant, natural bulb separation reproduction speed is slow, and reproduction coefficient is very low.Sexual propagation seed-setting is less.Therefore the demand in normal production of flowers and plants market can not be met far away.The report of tissue cultures and the numerous research of expansion is more; about condition of culture in short-tube lycoris tissue cultures and plant growth regulator are on the callus induction of lycoris plants with culture effect impact occurs, to providing the report on basis maximum for the expanding propagation of Lycoris and large-scale production.The research of this respect also achieves many achievements in research, and part achievement in research has in flower cultivation field to be applied more widely, but about the report be applied in the production practices of Lycoris raw medicinal material less.Though tissue cultures can kind ball amount needed for Fast-propagation, technical requirement and cost higher, the kind ball of breeding is long to the split time, needs the 4-5 year.
Also there are some researchers to produce galanthamine by the Fiber differentiation from callus or adventive root, look forward to the culture system in vitro setting up Lycoris callus or adventive root.To providing the research of new approach also to have report for the acquisition of galanthamine, but research is still in the stage of fumbling in early stage, and being applied to production practices still has distance quite far away.
Lycoris (Lycoris aurea) is mainly distributed in the provinces and cities such as Hunan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Taiwan, Sichuan, Yunnan.We find that the content of Lycoris different parts galanthamine exists significant difference under study for action, spend the content of middle galanthamine to descend bulb above Ground far away.One strain Lycoris spend the total amount of middle galanthamine to be bulb more than 2 times.Therefore from short-tube lycoris bulb, extract galanthamine and unreasonable in the past merely, in actual mechanical process, middle extraction galanthamine can be spent from Lycoris.
With take compared with the bulb of underground, results flower has the advantages such as low cost, high-load, high yield.Lycoris underground bulb excavated by the raw material in the past extracting galanthamine traditionally, and plant one batch and take 3-4 and just can excavate later, growth cycle is long, have high input, only disposable income, the labour intensity planting and excavate medicinal material bulb is large, labour cost is than great, and production cost is high.Results Lycoris flower, as the medicinal raw material extracting galanthamine, plants one batch of inflorescence of can gathering every year from Second Year, and results flower, chronicity income for years, less investment, colored labour intensity of gathering is little, and labour cost proportion is little, and production cost is low.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, set up to gather in the crops the cultivation Optimizing Mode of flower as the Lycoris high yield of galanthamine raw medicinal material, high-quality, efficient, low consumption, work up Lycoris and produce and the standard practice instructions of each production links such as processing.In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is, a kind of GAP implantation methods of Lycoris, comprises following various method steps:
One, the construction in plantation
1, selection of land: select physical features high and dry, sunny, soil layer is deep, and draining is good, loam, the sandy loam of the slant acidity of high humus, high soil fertility;
2, wholely: after ground is chosen, entirely cultivate and plough deeply, use sufficient base manure, many organic fertilizers, barnyard manure 3000 ~ 5000kg/667m
2, make high furrow, wide 120cm height 25cm, turtleback shape, slightly high in the middle of furrow face, four limits are lower slightly, hold drain ditch successfully around;
Two, following method is selected in breeding
1, bulb separation breeding: in resting stage or Post flowering, plant is dug out, the bulbec of growing nonparasitically upon another plant near mother bulb is taken off plantation;
2, seminal propagation: namely broadcast after seed collecting or wet husky storage, sowing depth 2 ~ 3cm, green sprouting in next year young root also forms bead, and spire was sprouted and was unearthed autumn;
3, substrate Excision propagation: by the bulb substrate of having cleared up with rice font eight points cutting, depth of cut is 1/2 ~ 2/3 of bulb length, sterilization, dry in the shade after insert in the matrix such as moistening sand, perlite, the visible adventitious bud formation of scale and basal disc junction after 3 months, bear clove ball gradually, can seedling after being separated cultivation;
4, tissue culture propagating: with NAA3 ~ 30mg/L+BA10mg/L for medium, the scale of stalk, ovary and band stem of picking flowers makes explant material, can evoking adventive bud in a large number, and grow up until it and produce after lateral bud, get single planting on medium that stem is placed in NAA3mg/L and can induce the abundant whole plant of root system;
5, scale lining: utilize bulb section cottage propagation;
Three, plant
1, the suitable planting phase: the suitable planting phase is when early summer, blade was just withered and Qiu Huahou, and suitable planting time is 5 ~ November, can combine with blossom-control technics, must guard against in later winter or the transplanting in early spring of coming into leaves;
2, planting density: suitable distance between rows and hills is 20cm × 15 ~ 20cm;
3, the depth of planting: the depth of planting is moderate, the suitable depth of planting is 8 ~ 10cm, and native face is buried to kind of a ball neck;
Four, field management
1, intertill and clean tillage: intertillage should be shallow, the intertillage degree of depth 5 ~ 10cm, annual 3 ~ 4 times, and to exposed napiform root earthing Baconic, diligent weeding, guarantees that furrow face is without weeds;
2, apply fertilizer: annual fertilising 4 times, the 1st dries up to before blooming inferior to blade in 5 ~ June, organic fertilizer 3000kg/667m
2or composite fertilizer 100kg/667m
2; Composite fertilizer 100kg/667m is imposed before 2nd time a bud just ready to burst at bud
2; 3rd time at Post flowering at the beginning of 9 months by the end of August, sealing fertilizer 100kg/667m
2; The 4th is applied fertilizer after picking flowers, and promotes nourishing and growing of blade, enriches phosphorus, potash fertilizer, and bulb stalwartness is enriched;
3, irrigation and draining: Lycoris not only likes water but also avoid water, dry season should pour water, rainy season should drain flooded fields, fill with permeable after cultivation, vegetative growth phase will often pour water, and keeps ground moistening, but can not ponding, in case bulb rots, when short-tube lycoris is taken out colored, field should be noted irrigating, and ample supply soil moisture, blooms and must supply amount of water to flowering stage in first 20 days, flower is taken out ahead of time to reach, to bloom neat and consistent, when blade is withered gradually, slowly should reduces and water, once enter resting stage, namely can not rewater or apply fertilizer;
4, shade: cultivation short-tube lycoris should not shading or " weakness " shading in the green strain phase of nourishing and growing, 7 ~ September of flowering stage the due facility that shades, the florescence be suitable for 50 ~ 60% shading;
Five, the extermination of disease and insect pest:
1, common insect pest has:
1. prodenia litura prevention and controls:
Cultural control: weed a garden, turns over after results and shines soil or pour water, and to destroy or to worsen its place of pupating, contributes to reducing worm source, extracts the newly hatched larvae of pieces of an egg and harm of trooping conveniently, to reduce worm source in conjunction with management;
Physical control: send out phase point black light lamps in Sheng; Or sugar-vinegar liquid is trapped and killed, sugar-vinegar liquid proportioning is sugar: vinegar: wine: water=3: 4: 1: 2, adds a small amount of chlorophos and lure moth; Or withy dips in and spills 500 times of chlorophos trapping moths;
Chemical control can select following medicament: 5% Frontline suspending agent 2500 times liquid, 15% cabbageworm emulsion for cleaning, 1500 times of liquid, 2.5% Uranus, 3000 times of liquid, 20% go out sweep sharp missible oil 3000 times of liquid, 5.7% cyfluthrin missible oil, 4000 times of liquid, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, 2500 times of liquid, 5% come good fortune missible oil 2000 times of liquid, 2.5% d ichlorbenzuron, 1000 times of liquid, 1000 times, 25% malathion liquid, 10 days 1 time, be used in conjunction 2-3 times, alternately spray;
2. short-tube lycoris noctuid prevention and controls:
Cultural control: pheromones be adopted to catch moth lamp, trapping male moth, often will note blade back, with or without the worm's ovum of marshalling, at once will remove if having, plough in conjunction with winter or early spring, excavate worm pupa of surviving the winter, and reduces insect population radix;
Chemical control: spray medicament Le Siben 1500 times of liquid or phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 800 times of liquid, selects in the morning or larva is sprayed when out activity takes food at dusk, and control efficiency is relatively good;
3. thrips prevention and controls: adopt 25% Imidacloprid, 3000 times of liquid, 70% Amy happy 6000 ~ 10000 times of liquid rotations spraying control;
4. grub control method:
Cultural control: efficent rotation, front stubble is the field of vegetables of soybean, peanut, potato class, corn or interplanting with it, and grub occurs heavier, and suitably adjustment crops for rotation obviously can alleviate harm; The farmyard manure used should fully become thoroughly decomposed, in order to avoid brought into by larvae and eggs; In good time autumn ploughing, can become part, larva turn over to earth's surface, makes that it is air-dry, freezes to death or killed and wounded by natural enemy predation, machinery;
Chemical control: adopt phoxim or chlorophos medicament to prevent and treat;
2, the prevention and controls of Common Diseases charcoal seasonal febrile diseases and bacterial slimy soft rot: bulb soaks 30 minutes with 0.3% copper sulfate solution before planting, wash, dry rear plantation, the their early stage special 2500 times of liquid of 50% benzene Lay spray, and spray the 500 times of liquid controls of 50% carbendazol wettable powder every first quarter moon;
Six, gather, process and preserve
1, gather: fine day should be selected to gather, and collecting method cuts defloration sequence with scissors;
2, process: the flower after harvesting spreads airing out immediately, and fine day directly dries spending, overcast and rainy dryer is dried, and bake out temperature is 50-60 DEG C; The water content of dried floral is lower than 8%, and in dried floral, the content of galanthamine is more than 0.05%;
3, preserve: can preserve after dry, be placed in dry indoor storage.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1, wild Lycoris resource excavated by the raw material extracting galanthamine traditionally, causes Lycoris wild resource to be on the verge of exhaustion; Cause the medicinal raw material strained market supply of galanthamine and the safety of clinical application.What this technical scheme gathered in the crops object is tame Lycoris resource.Exhausted wild resource can be on the verge of by available protecting, effectively preserve the ecological environment, prevent erosion, and the market supply of the medicinal raw material of galanthamine and the safety of clinical application can be guaranteed.
2, Lycoris underground bulb excavated by the raw material extracting galanthamine traditionally, and plant one batch and take 3-4 and just can excavate later, growth cycle is long, only disposable income.This technical scheme results to as if Lycoris flower on the ground as the medicinal raw material of extraction galanthamine, plant one batch of can gather every year from Second Year flower, for years chronicity income.Plantation and results underground bulb are as extraction galanthamine medicinal raw material, and the labour intensity planting and excavate medicinal material bulb is large, and labour cost is than great, and production cost is high.Results on the ground flower are little as extracting galanthamine medicinal raw material labour intensity, and labour cost proportion is little, and production cost is low.
3, technical solution of the present invention works up to gather in the crops the standard practice instructions of flower as the Lycoris GAP standardization production and the planting technology of processing and each production link of extracting galanthamine medicinal raw material first.In the dried floral of the raw medicinal material Lycoris produced, the content of galanthamine is far away higher than the requirement of the raw medicinal material bulb of the galanthamine of pharmaceutical factory production in the past.
4, the economic benefit of medicinal material plantation is far superior to traditional planting benefit; Social benefit is better than traditional implantation methods; Ecological benefits are better than implantation methods in the past.Finally can realize Lycoris industrialization, GAP standardizes artificial cultivation production, thoroughly solves galanthamine raw medicinal material supply problem.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention will be further described.
Embodiment
The GAP implantation methods of described Lycoris, comprises following various method steps:
One, the construction in plantation:
1, selection of land: Lycoris belongs to perennial napiform root plant, and growth year is long.Selection physical features is high and dry, sunny, and soil layer is deep, and draining is good, loam, the sandy loam of the slant acidity of high humus, high soil fertility.
2, wholely: after ground is chosen, Quan Ken, ploughs deeply, and uses sufficient base manure, many organic fertilizers, barnyard manure 3,000-5,000kg/667m
2, make high furrow, wide 120cm, high 25cm, turtleback shape, slightly high in the middle of furrow face, four limits are lower slightly, hold drain ditch successfully around.
Two, breeding adopts following method:
1, bulb separation breeding: in resting stage or Post flowering, plant is dug, the bulbec of growing nonparasitically upon another plant near mother bulb is taken off plantation.About once, within 2 years, can bloom.Nature bulb separation reproduction speed is comparatively slow, and be often only mitogenetic 1 ~ 2 bulbec of energy, natural bulb separation reproduction rate only has about 2 times.
2, seminal propagation: the ripening rate of short-tube lycoris is low, less than 10%, each capsule is containing 3 ~ 5, seed, and namely broadcast after seed collecting or wet husky storage, sowing depth 2 ~ 3cm, green sprouting in next year young root also forms bead, and spire was sprouted and was unearthed autumn.Seedling need be cultivated and just can bloom for 5 ~ 6 years.Reproduction rate is high but bloom and take time for a long time, cannot retain maternal characteristic again, often be applied to and cultivate in new varieties.
3, substrate Excision propagation: by the bulb substrate of having cleared up with rice font eight points cutting, depth of cut is about 1/2 ~ 2/3 of bulb length, sterilization, dry in the shade after insert in the matrix such as moistening sand, perlite, the visible adventitious bud formation of scale and basal disc junction after 3 months, bear clove ball gradually, can seedling after being separated cultivation.Substrate Excision propagation reproduction rate is low, is only applicable in the production of a small amount of bulbec.
4, tissue culture propagating: the scale of stalk of picking flowers, ovary and band stem makes explant material, with NAA3 ~ 30mg/L+BA10mg/L for medium, can evoking adventive bud in a large number, and grow up until it and produce after lateral bud, get single planting on medium that stem is placed in NAA3mg/L and can induce the abundant whole plant of root system.Estimate that 1 year every ball can produce 30,000 plant, can a large amount of brood bodies be obtained.
5, scale lining: utilize bulb section cottage propagation.This Technical comparing is applicable to carrying out short-tube lycoris kind ball and cultivates, section cuttage breeding method processing ease, during production equipment needed thereby and cost low, and the bulbec identical with mother bulb proterties can be produced in a large number, the most applicable large area manufacturer kind ball.Produce upper based on a point ball, kind ball should select kind of a bulb diameter 4.5 ~ 5.5cm, spherical with full spheroidal as well.
Three, plant
1, the suitable planting phase: the suitable planting phase is when early summer, blade was just withered and Qiu Huahou, and suitable planting time is 5 ~ November, can combine with blossom-control technics, must guard against in later winter or the transplanting in early spring of coming into leaves.The many fall plantings in warm area, general south, the north comparatively cold district is then planted in Yichuan.
2, planting density: suitable distance between rows and hills is 20cm × 15 ~ 20cm.Planting density is one of key factor of the yield and quality affecting short-tube lycoris.When planting density is excessive, though can improve the flower yield of unit are, because growing space is limited, flower length declines on the contrary.When planting density is too small, flower length rises to some extent, but again reduces the quantity of flower in unit are.
3, the depth of planting: the depth of planting is moderate, the suitable depth of planting is 8 ~ 10cm, buries to kind of a ball neck with native face.If planted shallow, easily occurred when 6 ~ August, sunshine was strong to burn day, if planted dark, bulb easily occurs under high temperature, high humidity and rots.Saturating normal root water is filled with after planting.
Four, field management
1, intertill and clean tillage: intertillage should be shallow, the intertillage degree of depth 5 ~ 10cm, annual 3 ~ 4 times, and to exposed napiform root earthing Baconic, diligent weeding, guarantees that furrow face is without weeds.
2, apply fertilizer: annual fertilising 4 times, the 1st dries up to before blooming inferior to blade in 5 ~ June, organic fertilizer 3000kg/667m
2or composite fertilizer 100kg/667m
2, to improve soil, impose before the 2nd time at bud, a bud just ready to burst, sealing fertilizer 100kg/667m
2, the 3rd time at Post flowering at the beginning of 9 months by the end of August, sealing fertilizer 100kg/667m
2, the 4th is applied fertilizer after picking flowers, and promotes nourishing and growing of blade, enriches phosphorus, potash fertilizer, and bulb stalwartness is enriched.
3, irrigation and draining: Lycoris not only likes water but also avoid water, dry season should pour water, rainy season should drain flooded fields, fill with permeable after cultivation, vegetative growth phase will often pour water, and keeps ground moistening, but can not ponding, in case bulb rots, when short-tube lycoris is taken out colored, field should be noted irrigating, and ample supply soil moisture, blooms and must supply amount of water to flowering stage in first 20 days, flower is taken out ahead of time to reach, to bloom neat and consistent, when blade is withered gradually, slowly should reduces and water, once enter resting stage, namely can not rewater or apply fertilizer.
4, shade: shading degree does not affect significantly on nourishing and growing of short-tube lycoris.But affect the quality of its reproductive growth and flower.Preferably, cultivation short-tube lycoris should not shading or " weakness " shading in the green strain phase of nourishing and growing, 7 ~ September of flowering stage the due facility that shades, the florescence with 50 ~ 60% shading as well.
Five, the extermination of disease and insect pest:
1, common insect pest has:
1. prodenia litura formal name used at school: Prodenia litura (Fabriciu) belongs to squama wing day Noctuidae, is one of primary pest in China's agricultural production, is binge, the polyphagous pest-insect that a kind of intermittence occurs, repeatedly causes disastrous causing harm.Mainly with larva harm leaf, bud, fruit, gnaw mesophyll, sting moth scape, seed, generally endanger in the time in spring Mo to November.
Prevention and controls:
Cultural control: weed a garden, turns over after results and shines soil or pour water, and to destroy or to worsen its place of pupating, contributes to reducing worm source, extracts the newly hatched larvae of pieces of an egg and harm of trooping conveniently, to reduce worm source in conjunction with management.
Physical control: attract moths with lamps, utilizes adult phototaxis, sends out phase point black light lamps in Sheng.Or sugar-vinegar liquid is trapped and killed, and utilizes adult chemotaxis, sugar-vinegar liquid proportioning is sugar: vinegar: wine: water=3: 4: 1: 2, adds a small amount of chlorophos and lure moth.Or withy dips in and spills 500 times of chlorophos trapping moths.
Chemical control: following medicament can be selected, 5% Frontline suspending agent 2500 times liquid, 15% cabbageworm emulsion for cleaning, 1500 times of liquid, 2.5% Uranus, 3000 times of liquid, 20% go out sweep sharp missible oil 3000 times of liquid, 5.7% cyfluthrin missible oil, 4000 times of liquid, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, 2500 times of liquid, 5% come good fortune missible oil 2000 times of liquid, 2.5% d ichlorbenzuron, 1000 times of liquid, 1000 times, 25% malathion liquid, 10 days 1 time, be used in conjunction 2-3 times, alternately spray.
2. the plant of short-tube lycoris noctuid short-tube lycoris exigua larvae invasion, usual blade is emptied, and directly moth food bulb is inner, and bulb of being injured can leave the faecal pellet of a large amount of greens and brown bulk usually, not only affects the growth of plant, also can cause plant perish.
Prevention and controls:
Cultural control: pheromones be adopted to catch moth lamp, trapping male moth, often will note blade back, with or without the worm's ovum of marshalling, at once will remove if having, plough in conjunction with winter or early spring, excavate worm pupa of surviving the winter, and reduces insect population radix.
Chemical control: spray medicament Le Siben 1,500 times of liquid or phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 800 times of liquid, selects in the morning or larva is sprayed when out activity takes food at dusk, and control efficiency is relatively good.
3. thrips entire body is red, mainly sucks nutrition at bulb foliation place, causes leaf chlorosis, especially find more after fruit maturation.
Prevention and controls:
Adopt 25% Imidacloprid, 3000 times of liquid, 70% Amy happy 6000 ~ 10000 times of liquid rotations spraying control.
4. grub underground gnaw sprouting seed, bite seedling rhizome broken, cause complete stool dead, time serious, cause the disconnected ridge that is short of seedling.
Prevention and controls:
Cultural control: efficent rotation, front stubble is the field of vegetables of soybean, peanut, potato class, corn or interplanting with it, and grub occurs heavier, and suitably adjustment crops for rotation obviously can alleviate harm.The farmyard manure used should fully become thoroughly decomposed, in order to avoid brought into by larvae and eggs.In good time autumn ploughing, can become part, larva turn over to earth's surface, makes that it is air-dry, freezes to death or killed and wounded by natural enemy predation, machinery.
Chemical control: adopt phoxim or chlorophos medicament to prevent and treat.
2, Common Diseases has charcoal seasonal febrile diseases and bacterial slimy soft rot
Prevention and controls: bulb soaks 30 minutes with 0.3% copper sulfate solution before planting, and washes, dries rear plantation, the their early stage special 2500 times of liquid of 50% benzene Lay spray, and spray the 500 times of liquid controls of 50% carbendazol wettable powder every first quarter moon.
Six, gather, process and preserve
1, gather: fine day should be selected to gather, and collecting method cuts defloration sequence with scissors.
2, process: because the colored water content of freshly harvested is high, generally reach about 70%, if dry not in time, easily heating turns black, so will process in time, is strictly on guard against mildew and rot rotten.Flower after harvesting spreads airing out immediately, and fine day directly dries spending, and generally teds in threshing ground and can dry for 3 ~ 5 days, and overcast and rainy dryer is dried, and preference temperature is 50-60 DEG C.The water content of dried floral is lower than 8%, and in dried floral, the content of galanthamine is more than 0.05%.
3, preserve: can preserve after dry, be placed in dry indoor storage.
Claims (1)
1. a GAP implantation methods for Lycoris, is characterized in that, comprises following various method steps:
One, the construction in plantation
1, selection of land: select physical features high and dry, sunny, soil layer is deep, and draining is good, the loam of the slant acidity of high soil fertility;
2, wholely: after ground is chosen, entirely cultivate and plough deeply, use sufficient base manure, many organic fertilizers, barnyard manure 3000 ~ 5000kg/667m
2, make high furrow, wide 120cm height 25cm, turtleback shape, slightly high in the middle of furrow face, four limits are lower slightly, hold drain ditch successfully around;
Two, following method is selected in breeding
1, bulb separation breeding: in resting stage or Post flowering, plant is dug out, the bulbec of growing nonparasitically upon another plant near mother bulb is taken off plantation;
2, seminal propagation: namely broadcast after seed collecting or wet husky storage, sowing depth 2 ~ 3cm, green sprouting in next year young root also forms bead, and spire was sprouted and was unearthed autumn;
3, substrate Excision propagation: by the bulb substrate of having cleared up with rice font eight points cutting, depth of cut is 1/2 ~ 2/3 of bulb length, sterilization, dry in the shade after insert in moistening sand, pearlite interstitial substance, the visible adventitious bud formation of scale and basal disc junction after 3 months, bear clove ball gradually, can seedling after being separated cultivation;
4, tissue culture propagating: with NAA 3 ~ 30mg/L+BA 10mg/L for medium, the scale of stalk, ovary and band stem of picking flowers makes explant material, can evoking adventive bud in a large number, and grow up until it and produce after lateral bud, get single planting on medium that stem is placed in NAA 3mg/L and can induce the abundant whole plant of root system;
5, scale lining: utilize bulb section cottage propagation;
Three, plant
1, the suitable planting phase: the suitable planting phase is when early summer, blade was just withered and Qiu Huahou, and suitable planting time is 5 ~ November, combines with blossom-control technics, must guard against in later winter or the transplanting in early spring of coming into leaves;
2, planting density: suitable distance between rows and hills is 20cm × 15 ~ 20cm;
3, the depth of planting: the depth of planting is moderate, the suitable depth of planting is 8 ~ 10cm, and native face is buried to kind of a ball neck;
Four, field management
1, intertill and clean tillage: intertillage should be shallow, the intertillage degree of depth 5 ~ 10cm, annual 3 ~ 4 times, and to exposed napiform root earthing Baconic, diligent weeding, guarantees that furrow face is without weeds;
2, apply fertilizer: annual fertilising 4 times, the 1st dries up to before blooming inferior to blade in 5 ~ June, organic fertilizer 3000kg/667m
2or composite fertilizer 100kg/667m
2; Composite fertilizer 100kg/667m is imposed before 2nd time a bud just ready to burst at bud
2; 3rd time at Post flowering at the beginning of 9 months by the end of August, sealing fertilizer 100kg/667m
2; The 4th is applied fertilizer after picking flowers, and promotes nourishing and growing of blade, enriches phosphorus, potash fertilizer, and bulb stalwartness is enriched;
3, irrigation and draining: Lycoris not only likes water but also avoid water, dry season should pour water, rainy season should drain flooded fields, fill with permeable after cultivation, vegetative growth phase will often pour water, and keeps ground moistening, but can not ponding, in case bulb rots, when short-tube lycoris is taken out colored, field should be noted irrigating, and ample supply soil moisture, blooms and must supply amount of water to flowering stage in first 20 days, flower is taken out ahead of time to reach, to bloom neat and consistent, when blade is withered gradually, slowly should reduces and water, once enter resting stage, namely can not rewater or apply fertilizer;
4, shade: cultivation short-tube lycoris should not shading or " weakness " shading in the green strain phase of nourishing and growing, 7 ~ September of flowering stage the due facility that shades, the florescence is suitable for the shading of 50 ~ 6O%;
Five, the extermination of disease and insect pest
1, common insect pest has:
1. prodenia litura prevention and controls:
Cultural control: weed a garden, turns over after results and shines soil or pour water, and to destroy or to worsen its place of pupating, contributes to reducing worm source, extracts the newly hatched larvae of pieces of an egg and harm of trooping conveniently, to reduce worm source in conjunction with management;
Physical control: send out phase point black light lamps in Sheng; Or sugar-vinegar liquid is trapped and killed, sugar-vinegar liquid proportioning is sugar: vinegar: wine: water=3: 4: 1: 2, adds a small amount of chlorophos and lure moth; Or withy dips in and spills 500 times of chlorophos trapping moths;
Chemical control can select following medicament: 5% Frontline suspending agent 2500 times liquid, 15% cabbageworm emulsion for cleaning, 1500 times of liquid, 2.5% Uranus, 3000 times of liquid, 20% go out sweep sharp missible oil 3000 times of liquid, 5.7% cyfluthrin missible oil, 4000 times of liquid, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, 2500 times of liquid, 5% come good fortune missible oil 2000 times of liquid, 2.5% d ichlorbenzuron, 1000 times of liquid, 1000 times, 25% malathion liquid, 10 days 1 time, be used in conjunction 2-3 times, alternately spray;
2. short-tube lycoris noctuid prevention and controls:
Cultural control: pheromones be adopted to catch moth lamp, trapping male moth, often will note blade back, with or without the worm's ovum of marshalling, at once will remove if having, plough in conjunction with winter or early spring, excavate worm pupa of surviving the winter, and reduces insect population radix;
Chemical control: spray medicament Le Siben 1500 times of liquid or phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 800 times of liquid, selects in the morning or larva is sprayed when out activity takes food at dusk, and control efficiency is relatively good;
3. thrips prevention and controls: adopt 25% Imidacloprid, 3000 times of liquid, 70% Amy happy 6000 ~ 10000 times of liquid rotations spraying control;
4. grub control method:
Cultural control: efficent rotation, front stubble is the field of vegetables of soybean, peanut, potato class, corn or interplanting with it, and grub occurs heavier, and suitably adjustment crops for rotation obviously can alleviate harm; The farmyard manure used should fully become thoroughly decomposed, in order to avoid brought into by larvae and eggs; In good time autumn ploughing, can become part, larva turn over to earth's surface, makes that it is air-dry, freezes to death or killed and wounded by natural enemy predation, machinery;
Chemical control: adopt phoxim or chlorophos medicament to prevent and treat;
2, the prevention and controls of Common Diseases charcoal seasonal febrile diseases and bacterial slimy soft rot: bulb soaks 30 minutes with 0.3% copper sulfate solution before planting, wash, dry rear plantation, the their early stage special 2500 times of liquid of 50% benzene Lay spray, and spray the 500 times of liquid controls of 50% carbendazol wettable powder every first quarter moon;
Six, gather, process and preserve
1, gather: fine day should be selected to gather, and collecting method cuts defloration sequence with scissors;
2, process: the flower after harvesting spreads airing out immediately, and fine day directly dries spending, overcast and rainy dryer is dried, and bake out temperature is 50-60 DEG C; The water content of dried floral is lower than 8%, and in dried floral, the content of galanthamine is more than 0.05%;
3, preserve: can preserve after dry, be placed in dry indoor storage.
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| CN104718959A (en) * | 2015-04-09 | 2015-06-24 | 金陵科技学院 | Method for promoting short-tube lycoris seedball to bloom in advance |
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| CN107047259A (en) * | 2017-04-21 | 2017-08-18 | 南京林业大学 | A kind of method of bulb block air culture cutting propagation Lycoris radiata |
| CN111264204A (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2020-06-12 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Method for cutting and rapidly propagating straw lycoris radiata bulbs |
| CN112602595A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-06 | 江苏丰收大地种业发展有限公司 | Tissue culture method for increasing number of differentiated adventitious buds of garlic growing points |
| CN116369203B (en) * | 2023-03-20 | 2024-03-15 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Lycoris plant floret regeneration medium and floret regeneration method |
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