CN103782787A - GPA planting method of Lycoris aurea - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a GAP planting method of Lycoris chrysalis. The harvested flowers of Lycoris chrysalis are used as raw materials for extracting galantamine. The method includes six parts of plantation construction, propagation method, planting, field management, pest control, harvesting, processing and storage. Substituting artificially cultivated Amaryllis chrysanthemum resources for wild resources can effectively protect the ecological environment, prevent soil erosion, and ensure the market supply of medicinal raw materials and the safety of clinical medication of galantamine. Using the flowers on the ground of Amaryllis chrysanthemum as the medicinal raw material for extracting galantamine, the labor intensity is small, the proportion of labor costs is small, and the production cost is low. And for the first time to formulate the standard operating procedures of each production link. The content of galantamine in the dried flowers of the raw medicinal material Amaryllis chrysanthemum produced is much higher than the requirements of the raw medicinal material bulbs of galantamine produced by pharmaceutical factories in the past. Realize the industrialization of Amaryllis chrysanthemum and the standardized artificial cultivation of GAP.

Description

A kind of GAP implantation methods of Lycoris

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of GAP implantation methods and standard practice instructions of Lycoris, described Lycoris is to gather in the crops flower as the raw medicinal material that extracts galanthamine.

Background technology

Traditional Chinese medicine GAP: be traditional Chinese medicine quality of production management regulation (Good Agricultural Practices is called for short GAP).Galanthamine chemistry is by name: 11-methyl-3-methoxyl group-4 α, 5,9,10,11,12-, six hydrogen-6H-benzofuran [3 α, 2-ef] benzazepine-6-alcohol hydrobromate.English name galantamine, Reminy1, is a kind of phenanthridine alkaloid that comes from lycoris plants, it is invertibity cholinesterase inhibitor, can see through blood-brain barrier, interrupted Neuromuscular Conduction is recovered, improve the palsy of various nerve ending muscular disorders.The sixties in 20th century, (commodity are called Galanthamine Hydrobromide, nivalin to galanthamine, tablet) be mainly used in treating the diseases such as polio (infantile paralysis) sequelae, amyotrophy, postoperative myenteron paralysis, the retention of urine and myasthenia gravis, also can be used for the treatment of children's brain type paralysis, traumatic sensorimotor obstacle, polyneuritis and radiculitis etc.To the nineties, people study discovery, and galanthamine has the memory deficits in mice of improvement function, infer that thus its central cholinergic system obstacle to Alzheimer disease (AD) may be effectively.Galanthamine can be reversible and specifically in conjunction with the active site on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the activity of inhibitory enzyme thus, cause cynapse to ask that in gap, acetylcholine amount increases, thereby improve the function transmission of cholinergic nerve, improve the cholinergic in AD patient's brain, improve patient's cognitive ability and self care ability etc.The clinical practice of galanthamine also thus from before treatment amyotrophy and myasthenia turned to treatment AD, and there is corresponding formulation to go on the market, there is the galanthamine of weak anti-AChE effect, suppress active stronger Donetidine (donetidine) with AChE and sharp this bright (rivastigmine) compares, therapeutic action aspect AD cognitive function is but no less than them, but without hepatotoxicity wind agitation.

Galanthamine has choline inhibitory action.Galanthamine hydrobromide is used for the treatment of gently, moderate AD.Clinical effective rate is 50%～60%, its curative effect with in multiple country listings.Research is thought, the acetylcholine amount minimizing of Patients With Senile Dementia, and the reduction of cholinergic (AChE) is the Etiological that causes AD, therefore, the acetylcholinesteraseinhibitors inhibitors that can improve patient's choline levels is expected to become the active drug for the treatment of AD.The treatment of AD is just towards prophylactic future development, and the advantage of galanthamine hydrobromide receives special concern, and its potential public health benefit is significant and likely becomes the choice drug that AD treats.

Take galanthamine as main AD medicine market prospects are had an optimistic view of, this is mainly: 1. ill crowd's quantity increases, ratio is high, the incidence of disease of AD accounts for 10% in the elderly of one's mid-60s, in the elderly more than 80 years old, account for 20%, and having the trend rising gradually, Alzheimer's disease has become and has caused dead the fourth-largest " killer " in developed country.Have data to show, China 6O year, above population l998 reached 1.2 hundred million, and 2l middle of century can reach 400,000,000 left and right, the maximum country of the aged in the world will be become, the existing old dementia patients of China 5,000,000 left and right at present, along with passage of time, number of patients may also will constantly increase.2. the market sales revenue of such medicine is always in steady-state growth.Nineteen ninety-five 5000000000 dollars of such medicine world sales volume, reaches 7,000,000,000 dollars to sales volume at the beginning of 21 century, has surpassed already 10,000,000,000 dollars now.3. it is long to take the medicine time, and this disease is similar to diabetes needs long-term taking medicine, and therefore its medication market is along with aging population increases and expands gradually.4. significantly and sales volume rapid growth, in treatment medicine for senile dementia principal item, galanthamine sales volume increases severely the drug effect of galanthamine, and has the situation of sustainable growth.Galanthamine and lycorine are also the staple products of China recent years foreign exchange earning.

Galanthamine can extract from the plants such as Amaryllidaceae Lycoris, Galanthus (claiming that again snow drips Pittosporum), also can be entirely synthetic by chemical method.

1. from amrallid, extract: amrallid comprises Lycoris and Galanthus, short-tube lycoris (Lycoris radiata Herb) in Lycoris, Lycoris (L.aurea Herb, have another name called Lycoris aurea), summer narcissus Levor chinensis Roem), daffodil (Narcissus pseudo-narcissus Linn, have another name called daffadowndilly) etc., Huo Shi snowdrop (Galanthus woronawii Losink.) in Galanthus and summer snow drip flower (Leucojum aestivum L.) galanthamine alkaloid, conventionally mass fraction is ten thousand/left and right, wherein the highest with the galanthamine content of Lycoris bulb again, in production, extract galanthamine using its underground bulb as raw material.

2. chemical method is synthetic: start from the beginning of the sixties in last century with the work of the synthetic galanthamine of chemical method, D Barton had prepared racemic galanthamine with 9 step synthesis techniques at that time, total recovery only 0.07%.In current synthetic method, total recovery has had raising.The Froehlich professor of University Vienna Austria for initiation material, through 9 step reactions, obtains (-) galanthamine with 3,4 one dimethoxy benzaldehydes.The open country of Japan goes out etc. people and has proposed a route that synthesizes galanthamine Alkaloid take Gallic Acid methyl esters as initiation material.The people such as the Laszlo Czollner of Sanochemia drugmaker of Austria have proposed the method take isovanillin and tyrasamine as the synthetic galanthamine of initiation material and epigalanthamine, and the domestic scholars Yan Qi of man is take isovanillin and tyrasamine as the synthetic galanthamine of initiation material.Accessory substance in galanthamine leaching process is mainly lycoramine, although medical value is relatively little, its content is 2 times of galanthamine, and in structure, only lack a two key, therefore Liu Tao etc. are take lycoramine (1ycoramine) as raw material, using 9% lanthanum nickel rare earth alloy as catalyzer, in 240 ℃ of selective dehydrogenations, semi-synthetic galanthamine, thereafter the new method that has proposed again a kind of complete synthetic galanthamine is take isovanillin and tyrasamine as primary raw material, through bromination, condensating reductive, formylated, oxidative coupling and reduction 5 step reactions, synthesize galanthamine.

Although there is the report of the synthetic galanthamine of many chemical methodes, but the chemical synthesis process of galanthamine exists route length, complex steps, severe reaction conditions, cost is high, yield is low, environmental pollution, the existence of the chiral carbon of galanthamine simultaneously, racemization product is difficult for the shortcomings such as fractionation, it is synthetic that current galanthamine is not still realized industrialization, medicinal raw material is all the underground bulb that derives from lycoris plants, and this is also its expensive main cause.

Lycoris is traditional medicinal plant, records according to Compendium of Material Medica, and its bulb can eliminate the phlegm, diuresis, removing toxic substances, emetic.In Lycoris medicinal plant, Lycoris bulb is because containing higher alkaloid.That the alkaloidal primary raw materials such as galanthamine are extracted in pharmaceutical factory at present.Lycoris is also a kind of good ornamental plants in garden and cut-flower plant, and it is spent greatly, rich color, leaf dark green.Do the plantation of cut-flower plant and garden plants on the ground such as Taiwan and Southeast Asia.The alkaloids such as domestic plant produced galanthamine and afforestation are all by excavating in a large number wild Lycoris bulb.Because excavating for a long time, wild resource is on the verge of exhaustion; On the other hand, place of production massif is dug riddled with gaping woundsly, causes water intellectual to lose, and environmental disruption is serious.So, carry out on a large scale artificial cultivation Lycoris, to solve the raw material supply of galanthamine, preserve the ecological environment, be the effective way of its sustainable development.

Short-tube lycoris have the title of " China tulip ", short-tube lycoris scape stalwartness, and scape is long, large flower and brilliant color, pattern is abundant, has the polychromes such as red, yellow, purple, white, blue, Exocarpium Citri Rubrum, and colorful, colored shape is changeable and peculiar, and perianth warp is rugosity; Petal has wide lobe, narrow lobe, flat lobe, wrinkle lobe etc., the features such as resistance to transportation; Phyllopodium is raw, ribbon, and bright green, form grace, shade tolerance is strong, and ornamental value is high.Also there is many research mass rearing and artificial cultivation aspect to Lycoris both at home and abroad, report that in recent years the tame document growth trend of relevant short-tube lycoris is obvious, start to have the report of artificial planting on the ground such as Fujian and Jiangsu, about the artificial cultivation of short-tube lycoris almost concentrates on flowers aspect entirely, its research focuses mostly in Study on Physiological and Ecological Characteristics and the tame research of the aspect such as florescence control, cut-flower quality of cut-flower class short-tube lycoris plant, and the principal item of cultivation is Lycoris radiata.And less about producing the report of artificial cultivation research of galanthamine raw medicinal material Lycoris, and be fragmentary report in recent years.The investigation of germ plasm resource and the research work of good variety selection are carried out in flowers field early equally, better, cultivated many spending greatly, rich color, bright-coloured, the improved seeds of leaf dark green, and have no report about the seed selection of the medicinal improved seeds of high yield, galanthamine high-load.

Because Lycoris is nature bulb separation breeding plant, natural bulb separation reproduction speed is slow, and reproduction coefficient is very low.Sexual propagation seed-setting is less.Therefore can not meet the demand in normal production of flowers and plants market far away.Tissue is cultivated and to expand the report of numerous research more; relevant short-tube lycoris tissue cultivate in condition of culture and plant growth regulator on the callus induction of lycoris plants with culture effect impact occurs, provide basic report maximum to the expanding propagation for Lycoris and large-scale production.The research of this respect has also obtained many achievements in research, and part Study achievement has more widely application in flower cultivation field, but less about being applied to report in the production practices of Lycoris raw medicinal material.Though tissue is cultivated the required kind ball amount of energy Fast-propagation, technical requirement and cost are higher, and the kind ball of breeding is long to the split time, needs the 4-5 year.

Also there are some researchers to cultivate and produce galanthamine by the induction from callus or adventive root, look forward to the culture system in vitro of setting up Lycoris callus or adventive root.Also have report to the research that new approach is provided for obtaining of galanthamine, but research is still in the stage of fumbling in early stage, being applied to production practices still has distance quite far away.

Lycoris (Lycoris aurea) is mainly distributed in the provinces and cities such as Hunan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Taiwan, Sichuan, Yunnan.We find that the content of Lycoris different parts galanthamine exists significant difference under study for action, spend the content of middle galanthamine to descend above Ground bulb far away.The total amount of spending middle galanthamine of one strain Lycoris is bulb more than 2 times.Therefore from short-tube lycoris bulb, extracted merely galanthamine unreasonable in the past, in actual mechanical process, can be from extraction galanthamine the spending of Lycoris.

Compared with taking underground bulb, results flower has the advantages such as low cost, high-load, high yield.The raw material that in the past extracted traditionally galanthamine is to excavate the underground bulb of Lycoris, plants one batch and takes 3-4 and just can excavate later, and growth cycle is long, have high input, only disposable income, the labour intensity of planting and excavate medicinal material bulb is large, labour cost is than great, and production cost is high.Results Lycoris flower, as the medicinal raw material that extracts galanthamine, is planted one batch and is started can gather every year inflorescence from Second Year, results flower, and chronicity income for years, less investment, the colored labour intensity of gathering is little, and labour cost proportion is little, and production cost is low.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to, set up to gather in the crops the cultivation Optimizing Mode of flower as the Lycoris high yield of galanthamine raw medicinal material, high-quality, efficient, low consumption, work up that Lycoris is produced and the standard practice instructions of each production links such as processing.In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is that a kind of GAP implantation methods of Lycoris, comprises following various method steps:

One, the construction in plantation

1, selection of land: select physical features high and dry, sunny, soil layer is deep, and draining is good, the loam of the slant acidity of high humus, high soil fertility, sandy loam;

2, wholely: after ground is chosen, entirely cultivate and plough deeply, use sufficient base manure, many organic fertilizers, barnyard manure 3000～5000kg/667m ², make high furrow, the high 25cm of wide 120cm, turtleback shape, slightly high in the middle of furrow face, four limits are lower slightly, hold drain ditch around successfully;

Two, following method is selected in breeding

1, bulb separation breeding: in resting stage or after blooming, plant is dug out, near the bulbec of growing nonparasitically upon another plant mother bulb is taken off to plantation;

2, seminal propagation: after seed collecting, broadcast or wet husky storage, sowing depth 2～3cm, green sprouting in next year young root also forms bead, and spire was sprouted and was unearthed autumn;

3, substrate Excision propagation: by the bulb substrate of having cleared up with eight points of cuttings of rice font, depth of cut is 1/2～2/3 of bulb length, after sterilizing, drying in the shade, insert in the matrix such as moistening sand, perlite, the visible adventitious bud formation of scale and basal disc junction after 3 months, bear gradually clove ball, can seedling after separating cultivation;

4, tissue culture propagating: take NAA3～30mg/L+BA10mg/L as medium, pick flowers stalk, ovary and the scale with stem made explant material, evoking adventive bud in a large number, and grow up and produce after lateral bud until it, get the single stem of planting and be placed on the medium of NAA3mg/L and can induce the abundant whole plant of root system;

5, scale breeding: utilize bulb section cottage propagation;

Three, plant

1, the suitable planting phase: the suitable planting phase is when early summer, blade was just withered and Qiu Huahou, and suitable planting time is 5～November, can control and combine with the florescence, must guard against in come into leaves later winter or early spring and transplants;

2, planting density: suitable distance between rows and hills is 20cm × 15～20cm;

3, the depth of planting: the depth of planting is moderate, the suitable depth of planting is 8～10cm, native face buries to kind of a ball neck;

Four, field management

1, intertill and clean tillage: intertillage should be shallow, the intertillage degree of depth 5～10cm, annual 3～4 times, and to exposed napiform root earthing Baconic, diligent weeding, guarantees that furrow face is without weeds;

2, fertilising: apply fertilizer every year 4 times, the 1st inferior to 5～June blade dry up to before blooming, organic fertilizer 3000kg/667m ²or composite fertilizer 100kg/667m ²; Before bud is just budding, impose composite fertilizer 100kg/667m the 2nd time ²; The 3rd time after blooming at the beginning of 9 months by the end of August, sealing fertilizer 100kg/667m ²; The 4th is applied fertilizer after picking flowers, and promotes nourishing and growing of blade, enriches phosphorus, potash fertilizer, makes bulb healthy and strong substantial;

3, irrigation and draining: Lycoris is not only liked water but also avoid water, should pour water dry season, should drain flooded fields rainy season, after cultivation, fill with permeable, will often pour water vegetative growth phase, keeps ground moistening, but can not ponding, in case bulb rots, short-tube lycoris is taken out field when colored and should note irrigating, and ample supply soil moisture, blooms and must supply with amount of water to flowering stage in first 20 days, take out ahead of time flower to reach, the neat and consistent of blooming, when blade is withered gradually, should slowly reduces and water, once enter resting stage, can not rewater or apply fertilizer;

4, shade: cultivation short-tube lycoris should not shading or weak degree shading in the green strain phase of nourishing and growing, 7～September of flowering stage the due facility that shades, the shading at florescence suitable 50～60%;

Five, the extermination of disease and insect pest:

1, common insect pest has:

1. prodenia litura prevents and treats method:

Cultural control: weed a garden, turn over after results and shine soil or pour water, to destroy or to worsen its place of pupating, contribute to reduce worm source, extract conveniently pieces of an egg and the newly hatched larvae of the harm of trooping in conjunction with management, to reduce worm source;

Physical control: in containing the phase of sending out some black light lamps; Or sugar-vinegar liquid trapping, sugar-vinegar liquid proportioning is sugar: vinegar: wine: water=3: 4: 1: 2, add a small amount of chlorophos and lure moth; Or withy dips in and spills 500 times of chlorophos trapping moths;

Chemical control can be selected following medicament: 5% 2500 times of Frontline suspending agents liquid, 1500 times of liquid of 15% cabbageworm emulsion for cleaning, 3000 times of liquid of 2.5% Uranus, 20% go out and sweep 3000 times of liquid of sharp missible oil, 4000 times of liquid of 5.7% cyfluthrin missible oil, 2500 times of liquid of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, 5% and come 2000 times of liquid of good fortune missible oil, 2.5% go out 1000 times of liquid of young urea, 1000 times of 25% malathions liquid, 10 days 1 time, be used in conjunction 2-3 times, alternately spray;

2. short-tube lycoris noctuid prevents and treats method:

Cultural control: adopt pheromones to catch moth lamp, trapping male moth, often note blade back, has or not the worm's ovum of marshalling, will at once remove if having, and in conjunction with ploughing in winter or early spring, excavates the worm pupa of surviving the winter, reduces insect population radix;

Chemical control: spray 1500 times of liquid of medicament Le Siben or 800 times of liquid of phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, be chosen in morning or at dusk larva spraying when out activity takes food, control efficiency is relatively good;

3. thrips prevents and treats method: adopt 3000 times of liquid of 25% Imidacloprid, happy 6000～10000 times of liquid rotations spraying of 70% Amy control;

4. grub control method:

Cultural control: efficent rotation, front stubble be soybean, peanut, potato class, corn or the field of vegetables of interplanting with it, grub generation is heavier, suitably adjusts crops for rotation and can obviously alleviate harm; The farmyard manure of using should fully become thoroughly decomposed, in order to avoid larvae and eggs is brought into; In good time autumn ploughing, can become part, larva turn over to earth's surface, makes that it is air-dry, freezes to death or killed and wounded by natural enemy predation, machinery;

Chemical control: adopt phoxim or chlorophos medicament to prevent and treat;

2, the method for preventing and treating of Common Diseases charcoal seasonal febrile diseases and bacterial slimy soft rot: bulb plant before with 0.3% copper sulfate solution soak 30 minutes, wash, dry rear plantation, their early stage sprays with the special 2500 times of liquid of 50% benzene Lay, sprays 500 times of liquid controls of 50% carbendazol wettable powder every first quarter moon;

Six, gather, process and preserve

1, gather: should select fine day to gather, collecting method is cut defloration order with scissors;

2, processing: the flower after harvesting is spread airing immediately out, and fine day dries spending directly, overcast and rainy with dryer oven dry, bake out temperature is 50-60 ℃; The water content of dried floral is lower than 8%, and in dried floral, the content of galanthamine is more than 0.05%;

3, storage: can preserve after dry, be placed in dry indoor storage.

Beneficial effect of the present invention is:

1, the raw material that extracts traditionally galanthamine is to excavate wild Lycoris resource, causes Lycoris wild resource to be on the verge of exhaustion; Cause the medicinal raw material strained market supply of galanthamine and the safety of clinical application.What this technical scheme was gathered in the crops object is tame Lycoris resource.Can effectively protect and be on the verge of exhausted wild resource, effectively preserve the ecological environment, prevent erosion, and can guarantee the market supply of medicinal raw material and the safety of clinical application of galanthamine.

2, the raw material that extracts traditionally galanthamine is to excavate the underground bulb of Lycoris, plants one batch and takes 3-4 and just can excavate later, and growth cycle is long, only disposable income.The medicinal raw material that extracts galanthamine to liking Lycoris flower conduct on the ground of these technical scheme results, plants one batch and starts can gather every year flower, for years chronicity income from Second Year.Plant and gather in the crops underground bulb as extracting galanthamine medicinal raw material, the labour intensity of planting and excavate medicinal material bulb is large, and labour cost is than great, and production cost is high.Results on the ground flower are little as extracting galanthamine medicinal raw material labour intensity, and labour cost proportion is little, and production cost is low.

3, technical solution of the present invention works up to gather in the crops flower first as Lycoris GAP standardization production and the planting technology of processing and the standard practice instructions of each production link of extracting galanthamine medicinal raw material.In the dried floral of the raw medicinal material Lycoris of producing, the content of galanthamine is produced the requirement of the raw medicinal material bulb of galanthamine far away higher than pharmaceutical factory in the past.

4, the economic benefit of medicinal material plantation is far superior to traditional planting benefit; Social benefit is better than traditional implantation methods; Ecological benefits are better than implantation methods in the past.Can finally realize Lycoris industrialization, the production of GAP standardization artificial cultivation, thoroughly solve galanthamine raw medicinal material supply problem.

Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention will be further described.

Embodiment

The GAP implantation methods of described Lycoris, comprises following various method steps:

One, the construction in plantation:

1, selection of land: Lycoris belongs to perennial napiform root plant, and growth year is long.Selection physical features is high and dry, sunny, and soil layer is deep, and draining is good, the loam of the slant acidity of high humus, high soil fertility, sandy loam.

2, wholely: after ground is chosen, entirely cultivate, plough deeply, use sufficient base manure, many organic fertilizers, barnyard manure 3,000-5,000kg/667m ², make high furrow, wide 120cm, high 25cm, turtleback shape, slightly high in the middle of furrow face, four limits are lower slightly, hold drain ditch around successfully.

Two, breeding adopts following method:

1, bulb separation breeding: in resting stage or after blooming, plant is dug, near the bulbec of growing nonparasitically upon another plant mother bulb is taken off to plantation.Approximately once, within 2 years, can bloom.Nature bulb separation reproduction speed is slower, is often only mitogenetic 1～2 bulbec of energy, and natural bulb separation reproduction rate only has 2 times of left and right.

2, seminal propagation: the ripening rate of short-tube lycoris is low, less than 10%, each capsule, containing 3～5, seed, is broadcast after seed collecting or wet husky storage, sowing depth 2～3cm, green sprouting in next year young root also forms bead, and spire was sprouted and was unearthed autumn.Seedling need be cultivated and just can bloom for 5～6 years.Reproduction rate is high but bloom and take time for a long time, cannot retain again maternal characteristic, is often applied to and cultivates in new varieties.

3, substrate Excision propagation: by the bulb substrate of having cleared up with eight points of cuttings of rice font, depth of cut is about 1/2～2/3 of bulb length, after sterilizing, drying in the shade, insert in the matrix such as moistening sand, perlite, the visible adventitious bud formation of scale and basal disc junction after 3 months, bear gradually clove ball, can seedling after separating cultivation.Substrate Excision propagation reproduction rate is low, is only applicable in the production of a small amount of bulbec.

4, tissue culture propagating: the stalk of picking flowers, ovary and the scale with stem are made explant material, take NAA3～30mg/L+BA10mg/L as medium, evoking adventive bud in a large number, and grow up and produce after lateral bud until it, get the single stem of planting and be placed on the medium of NAA3mg/L and can induce the abundant whole plant of root system.Estimate that 1 year every ball can produce 30,000 plant, can obtain a large amount of brood bodies.

5, scale breeding: utilize bulb section cottage propagation.This technology is relatively applicable to carrying out short-tube lycoris kind ball cultivates, section cuttage breeding method processing ease, and when production, equipment needed thereby and cost are low, and can produce in a large number the bulbec identical with mother bulb proterties, the most applicable large area manufacturer's kind ball.In production, take bulb separation method as main, plant ball and should select kind of a bulb diameter 4.5～5.5cm, spherical with full spheroidal for well.

Three, plant

1, the suitable planting phase: the suitable planting phase is when early summer, blade was just withered and Qiu Huahou, and suitable planting time is 5～November, can control and combine with the florescence, must guard against in come into leaves later winter or early spring and transplants.The general many fall plantings in southern warm area, plant in Yichuan compared with cold district in the north.

2, planting density: suitable distance between rows and hills is 20cm × 15～20cm.Planting density is one of key factor affecting the yield and quality of short-tube lycoris.When planting density is excessive, though can improve the cut-flower output of unit are, limited because of growing space, flower length declines on the contrary.When planting density is too small, flower length rises to some extent, but has reduced the quantity of flower in unit are.

3, the depth of planting: the depth of planting is moderate, the suitable depth of planting is 8～10cm, buries to kind of a ball neck with native face.If planted shallowly, when 6～August, sunshine was strong, easily occur day to burn, if plant deeply, under high temperature, high humidity, easily there is bulb rotten.After planting, fill with saturating normal root water.

Four, field management

1, intertill and clean tillage: intertillage should be shallow, the intertillage degree of depth 5～10cm, annual 3～4 times, and to exposed napiform root earthing Baconic, diligent weeding, guarantees that furrow face is without weeds.

2, fertilising: apply fertilizer every year 4 times, the 1st inferior to 5～June blade dry up to before blooming, organic fertilizer 3000kg/667m ²or composite fertilizer 100kg/667m ², to improve soil, before bud is just budding, impose sealing fertilizer 100kg/667m for the 2nd time ², the 3rd time after blooming at the beginning of 9 months by the end of August, sealing fertilizer 100kg/667m ², the 4th is applied fertilizer after picking flowers, and promotes nourishing and growing of blade, enriches phosphorus, potash fertilizer, makes bulb healthy and strong substantial.

3, irrigation and draining: Lycoris is not only liked water but also avoid water, should pour water dry season, should drain flooded fields rainy season, after cultivation, fill with permeable, will often pour water vegetative growth phase, keeps ground moistening, but can not ponding, in case bulb rots, short-tube lycoris is taken out field when colored and should note irrigating, and ample supply soil moisture, blooms and must supply with amount of water to flowering stage in first 20 days, take out ahead of time flower to reach, the neat and consistent of blooming, when blade is withered gradually, should slowly reduces and water, once enter resting stage, can not rewater or apply fertilizer.

4, shade: shading degree is on the not significant impact of nourishing and growing of short-tube lycoris.But affect the quality of its reproductive growth and flower.Preferably, cultivation short-tube lycoris should not shading or weak degree shading in the green strain phase of nourishing and growing, 7～September of flowering stage the due facility that shades, the florescence with 50～60% shading for well.

Five, the extermination of disease and insect pest:

1, common insect pest has:

1. prodenia litura formal name used at school: Prodenia litura (Fabriciu) belongs to squama wing day Noctuidae, is one of primary pest in China's agricultural production, is a kind of intermittent gluttony, polyphagous pest-insect occurring, and repeatedly causes disastrous causing harm.Mainly, with larva harm leaf, bud, fruit, gnaw mesophyll, sting moth scape, seed, generally endanger in the time in spring end to November.

Prevent and treat method:

Cultural control: weed a garden, turn over after results and shine soil or pour water, to destroy or to worsen its place of pupating, contribute to reduce worm source, extract conveniently pieces of an egg and the newly hatched larvae of the harm of trooping in conjunction with management, to reduce worm source.

Physical control: attract moths with lamps, utilize adult phototaxis, in containing the phase of sending out some black light lamps.Or sugar-vinegar liquid trapping, utilizes adult chemotaxis, sugar-vinegar liquid proportioning is sugar: vinegar: wine: water=3: 4: 1: 2, add a small amount of chlorophos and lure moth.Or withy dips in and spills 500 times of chlorophos trapping moths.

Chemical control: can select following medicament, 5% 2500 times of Frontline suspending agents liquid, 1500 times of liquid of 15% cabbageworm emulsion for cleaning, 3000 times of liquid of 2.5% Uranus, 20% go out and sweep 3000 times of liquid of sharp missible oil, 4000 times of liquid of 5.7% cyfluthrin missible oil, 2500 times of liquid of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, 5% and come 2000 times of liquid of good fortune missible oil, 2.5% go out 1000 times of liquid of young urea, 1000 times of 25% malathions liquid, 10 days 1 time, be used in conjunction 2-3 times, alternately spray.

2. the plant of short-tube lycoris noctuid short-tube lycoris exigua larvae invasion, blade is emptied conventionally, and directly moth is eaten bulb inside, and the bulb of being injured can leave the faecal pellet of a large amount of greens and brown bulk conventionally, not only affects the growth of plant, also can cause plant perish.

Prevent and treat method:

Cultural control: adopt pheromones to catch moth lamp, trapping male moth, often note blade back, has or not the worm's ovum of marshalling, will at once remove if having, and in conjunction with ploughing in winter or early spring, excavates the worm pupa of surviving the winter, reduces insect population radix.

Chemical control: spray 1,500 times of liquid of medicament Le Siben or 800 times of liquid of phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, be chosen in morning or at dusk larva spraying when out activity takes food, control efficiency is relatively good.

3. thrips entire body redness, mainly sucks nutrition at bulb foliation place, causes leaf chlorosis, especially after fruit maturation, finds more.

Prevent and treat method:

Adopt 3000 times of liquid of 25% Imidacloprid, happy 6000～10000 times of liquid rotations spraying of 70% Amy control.

4. the underground seed of gnawing sprouting of grub, bite seedling rhizome broken, cause complete stool death, when serious, cause the disconnected ridge that is short of seedling.

Prevent and treat method:

Cultural control: efficent rotation, front stubble be soybean, peanut, potato class, corn or the field of vegetables of interplanting with it, grub generation is heavier, suitably adjusts crops for rotation and can obviously alleviate harm.The farmyard manure of using should fully become thoroughly decomposed, in order to avoid larvae and eggs is brought into.In good time autumn ploughing, can become part, larva turn over to earth's surface, makes that it is air-dry, freezes to death or killed and wounded by natural enemy predation, machinery.

Chemical control: adopt phoxim or chlorophos medicament to prevent and treat.

2, Common Diseases has charcoal seasonal febrile diseases and bacterial slimy soft rot

Prevent and treat method: bulb soaks 30 minutes with 0.3% copper sulfate solution before planting, and washes, and dries rear plantation, and their early stage sprays with the special 2500 times of liquid of 50% benzene Lay, sprays 500 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder prevent and treat every first quarter moon.

Six, gather, process and preserve

1, gather: should select fine day to gather, collecting method is cut defloration order with scissors.

2, processing: because the colored water content of freshly harvested is high, generally reach 70% left and right, if dry not in time, easily heating turns black, so will process in time, is strictly on guard against mildew and rot rotten.Flower after harvesting is spread airing immediately out, and fine day dries spending directly, generally teds in threshing ground and can dry for 3～5 days, and overcast and rainy with dryer oven dry, preference temperature is 50-60 ℃.The water content of dried floral is lower than 8%, and in dried floral, the content of galanthamine is more than 0.05%.

3, storage: can preserve after dry, be placed in dry indoor storage.

Claims (1)

1. a GAP planting method of Amaryllis chrysanthemum, is characterized in that, comprises the following method steps: 1. Plantation construction 1. Site selection: choose acidic loam and sandy loam soil with high dryness, sufficient sunlight, deep soil layer, good drainage, high humus, and high soil fertility; 2. Soil preparation: After the land is selected, the whole reclamation is deep plowed, enough basal fertilizer is applied, more organic fertilizer is applied, and the manure is 3000-5000kg/667m ^{2 .} Slightly lower, with good drainage ditches around; Second, the following methods are used for breeding 1. Propagation by dividing balls: dig out the plants during the dormant period or after flowering, and remove the epiphytic child balls near the cue ball for planting; 2. Seed propagation: Sow or store in wet sand immediately after seed collection, sowing at a depth of 2-3cm, the young roots will germinate and form small balls in the spring of the following year, and the young leaves will germinate in the soil in autumn; 3. Base cutting and propagation: Cut the cleaned bulb base into eight quarters in the shape of a rice. The cutting depth is 1/2 to 2/3 of the length of the bulb. After disinfection and drying in the shade, insert it into moist sand, perlite and other substrates. 3 pieces After one month, adventitious buds can be seen at the junction of the scales and the substrate, and small bulbs will gradually grow, which can become seedlings after separation and cultivation; 4. Tissue culture propagation: use NAA3～30mg/L+BA10mg/L as the culture medium, pick pedicels, ovaries and scales with stems as explant materials, which can induce a large number of adventitious buds, and wait for them to grow up and produce lateral buds , taking a single plant stem and placing it on the medium of NAA3mg/L can induce a complete plant with abundant roots; 5. Scale propagation: use bulb slices for cutting propagation; Three, planting 1. Suitable planting period: The suitable planting period is when the leaves are just withered in early summer and after autumn flowers. The suitable planting time is from May to November, which can be combined with the flowering period control. Do not transplant in winter or early spring after the leaves grow; 2. Cultivation density: the suitable row-to-plant spacing is 20cm×15-20cm; 3. Planting depth: The planting depth is moderate, the suitable planting depth is 8-10cm, and the soil surface is buried to the neck of the bulb; 4. Field management 1. Intertillage and weeding: the intertillage should be shallow, the intertillage depth is 5-10cm, 3-4 times a year, and the bare bulbous roots should be covered with soil and bacon, and weeding should be done frequently to ensure that there are no weeds on the border; 2. Fertilization: Fertilize 4 times a year. The first time is when the leaves dry up from May to June before flowering, and apply 3000kg/ ^{667m2 of} organic fertilizer or 100kg/ ^667m2 of compound fertilizer; Fertilize 100kg/667m ² ; for the third time, after flowering at the end of August and early September, apply compound fertilizer 100kg/667m ² ; for the fourth time, apply fertilizer after picking flowers to promote the vegetative growth of leaves, and add phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to make the bulbs strong and full; 3. Irrigation and drainage: Amaryllis chrysalis is both fond of water and avoids water. It should be irrigated in dry season and drained in rainy season. After cultivation, it should be irrigated thoroughly. In the vegetative growth period, it should be irrigated frequently to keep the soil moist, but not to accumulate water to prevent bulbs from rotting. When the Lycoris is blooming, the field should pay attention to irrigation and fully supply the soil moisture. It is necessary to supply appropriate amount of water from 20 days before flowering to the flowering period, so as to achieve early flowering and uniform flowering. When the leaves gradually wither, watering should be gradually reduced. Once it enters the dormant period, it cannot be watered or fertilized again; 4. Shading: Lycoris should not be shaded or weakly shaded during the green plant period of vegetative growth. Shade facilities should be provided during the flowering period from July to September, and 50-60% shading is suitable for the flowering period; 5. Pest control 1. Common pests are: ① Control methods of Spodoptera litura: Agricultural control: remove weeds, plow the soil or irrigate after harvest to destroy or deteriorate the pupation site, which helps to reduce the source of insects, combined with the management of newly hatched larvae that are easily removed from eggs and clusters to reduce the source of insects; Physical control: Traps with black light lamps during the blooming period; or trap with sweet and sour liquid, the ratio of sweet and sour liquid is sugar: vinegar: wine: water = 3:4:1:2, add a small amount of trichlorfon to trap moths; or willow Sprinkle 500 times trichlorfon on the branches to trap and kill moths; The following agents can be used for chemical control: 5% Ruijinte Suspending Agent 2500 times, 15% Caichongjing EC 1500 times, 2.5% Uranus 3000 times, 20% Misaoli EC 3000 times, 5.7% Baishu Pyrethrin EC 4000 times, 10% imidacloprid WP 2500 times, 5% Laifelin EC 2000 times, 2.5% diflubenzuron 1000 times, 25% malathion 1000 times, once every 10 days , used 2-3 times in a row, spraying alternately; ② Control methods of Lycoris moth: Agricultural control: Use pheromone moth lamps to trap and kill male moths. Always pay attention to the back of leaves and whether there are neatly arranged eggs. If there are any, remove them immediately. Insect population base; Chemical control: Spray 1500 times liquid of Lesben or 800 times liquid of phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, choose to spray in the morning or evening when the larvae come out to move and feed, the control effect is better; ③ Thrips prevention and control method: use 25% imidacloprid 3000 times liquid, 70% Aimerol 6000~10000 times liquid to spray in rotation; ④ Grub control methods: Agricultural control: Reasonable crop rotation. The previous crops are soybeans, peanuts, potatoes, corn or intercropped vegetable fields. The occurrence of grubs is relatively heavy. Proper adjustment of the crops can significantly reduce the damage; the applied farmyard manure should be fully decomposed to avoid the larvae and eggs brought in; timely autumn plowing, part of the adult and larvae can be turned to the surface, so that they can be air-dried, frozen to death, or predated by natural enemies, mechanically killed; Chemical control: use phoxim or trichlorfon for control; 2. Prevention and control methods of common diseases charcoal blast and bacterial soft rot: soak bulbs in 0.3% copper sulfate solution for 30 minutes before planting, wash with water, dry and plant, spray with 50% benlaite 2500 times solution in the early stage of disease, Spray 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times liquid every half month for prevention and control; 6. Harvesting, processing and storage 1. Harvesting: Harvesting should be carried out on a sunny day, and the harvesting method is to cut the inflorescences with scissors; 2. Processing: The picked flowers are immediately spread out to dry, and the flowers are directly dried on sunny days, and dried with a dryer on cloudy and rainy days, and the drying temperature is 50-60°C; the moisture content of dried flowers is less than 8%, and the dried flowers The content of galantamine is above 0.05%; 3. Storage: It can be stored after drying, and stored in a dry room.