CN105660285A - Method for three-dimensional ecological cultivation of walnuts - Google Patents
Method for three-dimensional ecological cultivation of walnuts Download PDFInfo
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- CN105660285A CN105660285A CN201610039188.XA CN201610039188A CN105660285A CN 105660285 A CN105660285 A CN 105660285A CN 201610039188 A CN201610039188 A CN 201610039188A CN 105660285 A CN105660285 A CN 105660285A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for three-dimensional ecological cultivation of walnuts. The method comprises the steps of land selection and land preparation, walnut tree planting, tea tree planting, polygonatum sibiricum planting, field management and harvesting. A reasonable interplanting method is adopted, refined field management is performed, and effects of each crop are brought into full play; walnut trees can overshade the tea trees and polygonatum sibiricum and further have effects of controlling pests on polygonatum sibiricum and the tea trees, and the tea trees and polygonatum sibiricum can provide required nutrient for growth of the walnut trees. The walnut trees, the tea trees and polygonatum sibiricum interact with each other, benefit each other and form a good three-dimensional ecological cultivation system, so that the method not only makes full use of land, expands income sources and enables peasants to obtain obvious economic benefits more quickly and further reduces planting cost at an early period, but also maintains soil productivity balance and green natural environment protection well, a good industry circulation chain is formed, and the economic development in a region is pushed effectively.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural plantation technology field, it is specifically related to the stereo ecological planting method of a kind of walnut.
Background technology
Walnut, also known as English walnut, Jiang Tao, for Hu Ketao plant, it is one of four big nuts, its walnut kernel is the heath food that vegetal pole is high, containing abundant nutrient substance, there is benefit brain, benefiting qi and nourishing blood, moistening the lung and resolving the phlegm, temperature lung ease constipation, the effects such as strong brain, there is abundant nutritive value, commercially enjoy great popularity, the rising that price also continues, once occurred walnut plantation heat, but in the planting process of walnut, on the one hand owing to the popularity rate of improved seeds is relatively low, the outdoor grafting of part orchard worker backward in technique, its financial loss is serious, on the other hand, walnut is at the first five years of plantation, its walnut is less, the gap of walnut is bigger, can there is the vacuum phase in field planting walnut, while waste land resources, also virtually reduce the income of orchard worker, and the several leading year before result, need the management carrying out weeding and waste water, the use cost height of fertilizer, having high input of manual labor, in order to improve the utilization ratio in soil, change the single-mode of tradition walnut plantation, select walnut and the pattern of other farm crop interplanting, realize the optimal selection that gain increases income, but, up to the present, the nixed planting that part orchard worker adopts, all generally there is the problem that economic benefit is low.
Tea tree is perennial evergreen draft food, its plant is not high, tree crown is intensive, tree fabric width is big, evergreen all the year round, even centuries decades can be produced continuously once plantation, tea tree has " happiness temperature, happiness is shady, happiness is wet, happiness acid " feature, obviously, the cultivation of tea tree must be created top condition, to meet the demand of growing of tea tree, especially emerge the vegetative period with seedling tea tree, the tender leaf of its tea tree is very easily subject to strong insolation and burns, cause the seedling after transplanting dead time serious, so, take drought-relief when tea tree is sowed and the measure such as shelter from heat or light, the rate of sheltering from heat or light of guarantee tea tree is 50～70% growth conditions that can arrive the best.
Sealwort system Liliaceae Polygonatum per nnial herb, in sealwort, main containing mainly contains the materials such as polysaccharide, glycan, flavones, xylogen, alkaloid and amino acid, find through modern pharmacological research, sealwort has tonifying kidney and benefiting sperm, nourshing Yin and drynsessmoistening prescription, anti-oxidant, anti-ageing, adjusting immunity of human body, fall fat, fall sugar or suppress cholesterol, prevention of arterial congee sample automation, improve learning and memory and line ability again, anti-inflammation, the effect such as antiviral, health is very useful, the rhizome shape of sealwort is such as sweet potato, can eat something rare and stew clothes, can allay one's hunger, have again health-care effect.But Polygonatum skiophilous plant, in the planting process of sealwort, usually all need plantation crop of sheltering from heat or light to carry out tail gas and shelter from heat or light, to reduce directing light burning to sealwort, it is to increase the output of its plantation and additional income. Therefore; circuit is produced in conjunction with agricultural garden; adopt rational nixed planting; there is provided a kind of method simple, be easy to implement, planting cost is low, remarkable in economical benefits, symbiosis altogether example, the protection of balance and green physical environment of maintaining soil fertility preferably, the stereo ecological planting method of the walnut of the effective utilization ratio improving soil is desirability.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve Problems existing in background technology; it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method simple, be easy to implement, planting cost is low, remarkable in economical benefits, symbiosis altogether example, the protection of balance and green physical environment of maintaining soil fertility preferably, the stereo ecological planting method of the walnut of the effective utilization ratio improving soil.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this, and the stereo ecological planting method of a kind of walnut, comprises the following steps:
Selection of land is wholely: select the gradient 10～25 °, be rich in soil ulmin, have abundant water resources, irrigation and drainage are convenient, soil layer is plump, micro-acid is to the mountain region of neutrality, January soil carry out deep ploughing more than 50cm, in conjunction with deep ploughing every mu of sheep excrement 2000～3000kg executing to become thoroughly decomposed, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 100～200kg and calcium superphosphate 30～50kg is as base manure, and after expropriation of land, tall bamboos save ditch or field bund;
The plantation of walnut: in late Febuary, first select walnut seedling disease-free, the high 0.8～1m of well developed root system, field planting cave is dug by the planting density of line-spacing 8～10mm, spacing in the rows 6～7 meters, field planting cave is dug and is inserted at the bottom of cave by special for walnut fertilizer afterwards, then walnut seedling dips in the mud being mixed with root-inducing powder, and puts into the bottom in field planting cave, limit earthing, while step on tight, step on tight after water thin excrement water 1 time, water permeable after plantation walnut seedling interplanting tea tree in the ranks;
The plantation of tea tree: in October, first select that root beard and hair reaches, the tea shoot of robust growth, bracing wire on vacant lot in the middle of two row walnut seedlings, dig the dark field planting hole of 50～60cm by the spacing in the rows of 1～2m, the field planting hole of its tea shoot and the field planting cave staggered arrangement of walnut seedling, and then apply the tea tree fertilizer of 10～15kg by often hole in field planting hole, again tea shoot is put into field planting hole, limit earthing, while step on tight, steps on after tightly and waters thin excrement water 1 time;
The plantation of sealwort: the March of the 2nd year, after the empty site preparation and fertilization in the centre planting walnut and tea tree, walnut and tea tree in the ranks, distance both sides walnut and tea tree 50～60cm place, by the planting density bunch planting sealwort seed of line-spacing 30～40cm, spacing in the rows 70～80cm, every bunch planting 5～10;
Field management:
A: after peach transplant survival, will often pull out weeds, rainy season will anti-ponding, after walnut grows to 1～2m, it is necessary to walnut is carried out Pruning and rectifying, keep walnut transmittance more than 30%;
B: the 3～May of the 2nd year after tea shoot is transplanted, adopt natural open centre shape training type that tea shoot is carried out shaping, trunk retains 5～7 major branches, growth hormone is smeared at the opening position cut after pruning, prune every year later, cutting tree crown top layer 5～8cm, being beneficial to germinate produces shoot, and tea tree sprays after pruning the foliage fertilizer of 2～3 times every time;
C: sealwort happiness is cloudy is afraid of strong illumination, after sealwort is emerged and the annual sprout growth phase need to shelter from heat or light, now, the walnut of plantation and tea tree can meet the illumination of own growth, can be sheltered from heat or light by the seedling of sealwort again;
D: hereafter, in annual October, after walnut fallen leaves and sealwort stem stalk are withered, need first to fall leaves whole broken with sealwort stem stalk by the walnut dropped in ground, and then apply farm manure 4000～5000kg and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 100～150kg on its every mu, surface, thin excrement water is adopted it to be irrigated after fertilising, after irrigating, hoe loosens the soil, and expand the tree dish around walnut and tea tree, fertilising with pouring after, again the stalk paving of buying sprinkled with liming is sprinkling upon on the vacant lot between walnut and tea tree, carry out the preventing and controlling of rich water quality management and disease and pest, during this period, also need to irrigate 2～5 times with thin excrement water,
Gather: adopting the walnut of three-dimensional planting interplanting can bear fruit for 3～4 years, tea tree can pluck tealeaves in 4～5 years, and sealwort can be gathered for 3 years.
The useful effect of the present invention is:
1, the stereo cultivating method of the present invention, following walnut, when tea tree and the plantation feature of sealwort own, entered conscientious and careful constantly repeatedly testing, obtain best interplanting method, this kind of interplanting method take full advantage of that the corresponding growth phase of each leisure has with the condition needed, it is good that walnut has adaptability, grow fast feature, but result is late, take effect slow, tea tree and sealwort is planted under the young growth of walnut, its walnut, difference in height between tea tree and sealwort is obvious, a three-dimensional cultivation system can be formed, make full use of the canopy that naturally shelters from heat or light that the height of walnut is formed, effective its transmittance of control, for tea tree and sealwort provide certain effect of sheltering from heat or light, to improve the product rate of tealeaves and to ensure quality and the quality of sealwort,
2, the present invention is by interplanting with tea tree and sealwort, after walnut is fallen leaves, the disease and pest produced in sealwort and growth of tea plant process can be had good preventive and therapeutic effect by the nucin produced in Walnut Leaves and green peel of walnut, reduce the influence degree of its disease and pest, the root system of tea tree and walnut is comparatively flourishing simultaneously, suitable growing environment is provided for sealwort, and the soil that sealwort is tea tree and walnut growth adds nutrient, define mutually beneficial complementary cultivation mode, and then effectively decrease the use of chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals, ensure the use safety of food.
3, the present invention changes traditional walnut single cropping pattern, break the vacuum phase of walnut plantation, even if in the resting stage of walnut, also there is fruit harvesting, effectively ensure that the income of orchard worker, and the present invention is in conjunction with agricultural garden production line, effectively raise the utilization ratio in soil, the further output that improve soil unit surface, really the income of orchard worker is added, by rational interplanting, achieve symbiosis example altogether, the balance of soil fertility and the protection of green physical environment are maintained preferably, drive the development of local agricultural and other industry, flourishing regional economy, attract investment, add job opportunity, define optimum industry endless chain, promote the Economic development of this area
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated, but the present invention is limited never in any form, and any conversion done based on the present invention's instruction or replacement, all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
The present embodiment is selected in the plantation of Malong County, Qujing city, Yunnan Province, and concrete plantation step is as follows:
Selection of land is wholely: select height above sea level at 2000m, the gradient 10 °, be rich in soil ulmin, have abundant water resources, irrigation and drainage are convenient, soil layer is plump, micro-acid is to the mountain region of neutrality, January soil carry out deep ploughing more than 50cm, in conjunction with deep ploughing every mu of sheep excrement 2000kg executing to become thoroughly decomposed, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 100kg and calcium superphosphate 30kg is as base manure, and after expropriation of land, tall bamboos save ditch or field bund;
The plantation of walnut: in late Febuary, first select disease-free, the walnut seedling of the high 0.8～1m of well developed root system, by line-spacing 8mm, the planting density that spacing in the rows is 6 meters digs field planting cave, field planting cave is dug and is inserted at the bottom of cave by special for walnut fertilizer afterwards, the special fertilizer of described walnut adopts poultry, poultry manure mixes in the ratio of 1～1 with vegetable mould, spontaneous fermentation is obtained after 3～5 months, then walnut seedling is dipped in the mud being mixed with root-inducing powder, and put into the bottom in field planting cave, limit earthing, while step on tight, step on after tightly and water thin excrement water 1 time, water permeable after plantation walnut seedling interplanting tea tree in the ranks,
The plantation of tea tree: in October, root beard and hair is first selected to reach, the tea shoot of robust growth, bracing wire on vacant lot in the middle of two row walnut seedlings, the dark field planting hole of 50～60cm is dug by the spacing in the rows of 1m, the field planting hole of its tea shoot and the field planting cave staggered arrangement of walnut seedling, and then apply the tea tree fertilizer of 10kg by often hole in field planting hole, described tea tree fertilizer is 300 parts, cake fertilizer, fowl and animal excrement 200 parts, 100 parts, vinasse, selenium enriched yeast 50 parts, EM bacterium liquid 10 parts, plant ash 10 parts, humic acids 15 parts, 5 parts, zinc sulfate, 5 parts, magnesium sulfate, again tea shoot is put into field planting hole, limit earthing, while step on tight, step on after tightly and water thin excrement water 1 time,
The plantation of sealwort: the March of the 2nd year, to plant walnut and tea tree in the middle of after empty site preparation and fertilization, walnut and tea tree in the ranks, apart from both sides walnut and tea tree 50cm place, by the planting density bunch planting sealwort seed of line-spacing 30cm, spacing in the rows 70cm, every bunch planting 5～10;
Field management:
A: after peach transplant survival, will often pull out weeds, rainy season will anti-ponding, after walnut grows to 1～2m, it is necessary to walnut is carried out Pruning and rectifying, keep walnut transmittance more than 30%;
B: the 3～May of the 2nd year after tea shoot is transplanted, adopt natural open centre shape training type that tea shoot is carried out shaping, trunk retains 5～7 major branches, growth hormone is smeared at the opening position cut after pruning, prune every year later, cutting tree crown top layer 5～8cm, being beneficial to germinate produces shoot, and tea tree sprays after pruning the foliage fertilizer of 2～3 times every time;
C: sealwort happiness is cloudy is afraid of strong illumination, after sealwort is emerged and the annual sprout growth phase need to shelter from heat or light, now, the walnut of plantation and tea tree can meet the illumination of own growth, can be sheltered from heat or light by the seedling of sealwort again;
D: hereafter, in annual October, after walnut fallen leaves and sealwort stem stalk are withered, need first to fall leaves whole broken with sealwort stem stalk by the walnut dropped in ground, and then apply farm manure 4000kg and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 100kg on its every mu, surface, thin excrement water is adopted it to be irrigated after fertilising, after irrigating, hoe loosens the soil, and expand the tree dish around walnut and tea tree, fertilising with pouring after, again the stalk paving of buying sprinkled with liming is sprinkling upon on the vacant lot between walnut and tea tree, carry out the preventing and controlling of rich water quality management and disease and pest, and between ground, it is placed with yellow card's trap, during this period, also need to irrigate 2 times with thin excrement water,
Gather: adopting the walnut of three-dimensional planting interplanting can bear fruit for 3～4 years, tea tree can pluck tealeaves in 4～5 years, and sealwort can be gathered for 3 years.
Through above cultivation step, interplant and observe after 4 years, observe after statistics and find, through the crop surviving rate of above-mentioned interplanting method output 90%, its surviving rate height, the incidence of insect pest is low, wherein insect pest rate, 1.8%, just can pluck tealeaves, walnut and sealwort after 4 years, the annual tealeaves of peasant household can have the income of 6000 yuan, the every per mu yield walnut 8001000kg of walnut, the every per mu yield 200kg of sealwort, the relative kind plantation of its income, increases significantly, and the consumption of agricultural chemicals is little in whole cultivation, without any pesticide residue and environmental pollution.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is selected in the plantation of Huize County, Qujing city, Yunnan Province, and concrete plantation step is as follows
Selection of land is wholely: select height above sea level 1900m, the gradient 18 °, be rich in soil ulmin, have abundant water resources, irrigation and drainage are convenient, soil layer is plump, micro-acid is to the mountain region of neutrality, January soil carry out deep ploughing more than 50cm, in conjunction with deep ploughing every mu of sheep excrement 2500kg executing to become thoroughly decomposed, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 250kg and calcium superphosphate 40kg is as base manure, and after expropriation of land, tall bamboos save ditch or field bund;
The plantation of walnut: in late Febuary, first select disease-free, the walnut seedling of the high 0.8～1m of well developed root system, by line-spacing 9mm, the planting density that spacing in the rows is 6.5 meters digs field planting cave, field planting cave is dug and is inserted at the bottom of cave by special for walnut fertilizer afterwards, the special fertilizer of described walnut adopts poultry, poultry manure mixes in the ratio of 1～1.5 with vegetable mould, spontaneous fermentation is obtained after 3～5 months, then walnut seedling is dipped in the mud being mixed with root-inducing powder, and put into the bottom in field planting cave, limit earthing, while step on tight, step on after tightly and water thin excrement water 1 time, water permeable after plantation walnut seedling interplanting tea tree in the ranks,
The plantation of tea tree: in October, root beard and hair is first selected to reach, the tea shoot of robust growth, bracing wire on vacant lot in the middle of two row walnut seedlings, the dark field planting hole of 50～60cm is dug by the spacing in the rows of 1.5m, the field planting hole of its tea shoot and the field planting cave staggered arrangement of walnut seedling, and then apply the tea tree fertilizer of 12kg by often hole in field planting hole, described tea tree comprises 400 parts, cake fertilizer, fowl and animal excrement 350 parts, 200 parts, vinasse, selenium enriched yeast 80 parts, EM bacterium liquid 15 parts, plant ash 15 parts, humic acids 25 parts, 8 parts, zinc sulfate, 8 parts, magnesium sulfate, again tea shoot is put into field planting hole, limit earthing, while step on tight, step on after tightly and water thin excrement water 1 time,
The plantation of sealwort: the March of the 2nd year, to plant walnut and tea tree in the middle of after empty site preparation and fertilization, walnut and tea tree in the ranks, apart from both sides walnut and tea tree 55cm place, by the planting density bunch planting sealwort seed of line-spacing 35cm, spacing in the rows 75cm, every bunch planting 5～10;
Field management:
A: after peach transplant survival, will often pull out weeds, rainy season will anti-ponding, after walnut grows to 1～2m, it is necessary to walnut is carried out Pruning and rectifying, keep walnut transmittance more than 30%;
B: the 3～May of the 2nd year after tea shoot is transplanted, adopt natural open centre shape training type that tea shoot is carried out shaping, trunk retains 5～7 major branches, growth hormone is smeared at the opening position cut after pruning, prune every year later, cutting tree crown top layer 5～8cm, being beneficial to germinate produces shoot, and tea tree sprays after pruning the foliage fertilizer of 2～3 times every time;
C: sealwort happiness is cloudy is afraid of strong illumination, after sealwort is emerged and the annual sprout growth phase need to shelter from heat or light, now, the walnut of plantation and tea tree can meet the illumination of own growth, can be sheltered from heat or light by the seedling of sealwort again;
D: hereafter, in annual October, after walnut fallen leaves and sealwort stem stalk are withered, need first to fall leaves whole broken with sealwort stem stalk by the walnut dropped in ground, and then apply farm manure 4500kg and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 150kg on its every mu, surface, thin excrement water is adopted it to be irrigated after fertilising, after irrigating, hoe loosens the soil, and expand the tree dish around walnut and tea tree, fertilising with pouring after, again the stalk paving of buying sprinkled with liming is sprinkling upon on the vacant lot between walnut and tea tree, carry out the preventing and controlling of rich water quality management and disease and pest, during this period, also need to irrigate 4 times with thin excrement water,
Gather: adopting the walnut of three-dimensional planting interplanting can bear fruit for 3～4 years, tea tree can pluck tealeaves in 4～5 years, and sealwort can be gathered for 3 years.
Through above cultivation step, interplant and observe after 4 years, observe after statistics and find, through the crop surviving rate of above-mentioned interplanting method output 92.1%, its surviving rate height, the incidence of insect pest is low, wherein also rate 1.38%, tealeaves just can be plucked after 4 years, walnut and sealwort, the annual tealeaves of peasant household can have the income of about 6500 units, the every per mu yield walnut 900kg of walnut, the every per mu yield 150kg of sealwort, the relative kind plantation of its income, increase significantly, and the consumption of agricultural chemicals is little in whole cultivation, without any pesticide residue and environmental pollution.
Embodiment 3:
The present embodiment is selected in the plantation of Xuanwei City, Qujing city, Yunnan Province, and concrete plantation step is as follows
Selection of land is wholely: select height above sea level at 2500m, the gradient 25 °, be rich in soil ulmin, have abundant water resources, irrigation and drainage are convenient, soil layer is plump, micro-acid is to the mountain region of neutrality, January soil carry out deep ploughing more than 50cm, in conjunction with deep ploughing every mu of sheep excrement 3000kg executing to become thoroughly decomposed, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 200kg and calcium superphosphate 50kg is as base manure, and after expropriation of land, tall bamboos save ditch or field bund;
The plantation of walnut: in late Febuary, first select disease-free, the walnut seedling of the high 0.8～1m of well developed root system, by line-spacing 10mm, the planting density that spacing in the rows is 7 meters digs field planting cave, field planting cave is dug and is inserted at the bottom of cave by special for walnut fertilizer afterwards, the special fertilizer of described walnut adopts poultry, poultry manure mixes in the ratio of 1～2 with vegetable mould, spontaneous fermentation is obtained after 3～5 months, then walnut seedling is dipped in the mud being mixed with root-inducing powder, and put into the bottom in field planting cave, limit earthing, while step on tight, step on after tightly and water thin excrement water 1 time, water permeable after plantation walnut seedling interplanting tea tree in the ranks,
The plantation of tea tree: in October, root beard and hair is first selected to reach, the tea shoot of robust growth, bracing wire on vacant lot in the middle of two row walnut seedlings, the dark field planting hole of 50～60cm is dug by the spacing in the rows of 2m, the field planting hole of its tea shoot and the field planting cave staggered arrangement of walnut seedling, and then apply the tea tree fertilizer of 10～15kg by often hole in field planting hole, described tea tree fertilizer comprises 600 parts, cake fertilizer, fowl and animal excrement 500 parts, 300 parts, vinasse, selenium enriched yeast 100 parts, EM bacterium liquid 20 parts, plant ash 20 parts, humic acids 30 parts, 10 parts, zinc sulfate, 0 part, magnesium sulfate, again tea shoot is put into field planting hole, limit earthing, while step on tight, step on after tightly and water thin excrement water 1 time,
The plantation of sealwort: the March of the 2nd year, to plant walnut and tea tree in the middle of after empty site preparation and fertilization, walnut and tea tree in the ranks, apart from both sides walnut and tea tree 60cm place, by the planting density bunch planting sealwort seed of line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 80cm, every bunch planting 5～10;
Field management:
A: after peach transplant survival, will often pull out weeds, rainy season will anti-ponding, after walnut grows to 1～2m, it is necessary to walnut is carried out Pruning and rectifying, keep walnut transmittance more than 30%;
B: the 3～May of the 2nd year after tea shoot is transplanted, adopt natural open centre shape training type that tea shoot is carried out shaping, trunk retains 5～7 major branches, growth hormone is smeared at the opening position cut after pruning, prune every year later, cutting tree crown top layer 5～8cm, being beneficial to germinate produces shoot, and tea tree sprays after pruning the foliage fertilizer of 2～3 times every time;
C: sealwort happiness is cloudy is afraid of strong illumination, after sealwort is emerged and the annual sprout growth phase need to shelter from heat or light, now, the walnut of plantation and tea tree can meet the illumination of own growth, can be sheltered from heat or light by the seedling of sealwort again;
D: hereafter, in annual October, after walnut fallen leaves and sealwort stem stalk are withered, need first to fall leaves whole broken with sealwort stem stalk by the walnut dropped in ground, and then apply farm manure 5000kg and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 150kg on its every mu, surface, thin excrement water is adopted it to be irrigated after fertilising, after irrigating, hoe loosens the soil, and expand the tree dish around walnut and tea tree, fertilising with pouring after, again the stalk paving of buying sprinkled with liming is sprinkling upon on the vacant lot between walnut and tea tree, carry out the preventing and controlling of rich water quality management and disease and pest, during this period, also need to irrigate 5 times with thin excrement water,
Gather: adopting the walnut of three-dimensional planting interplanting can bear fruit for 3～4 years, tea tree can pluck tealeaves in 4～5 years, and sealwort can be gathered for 3 years.
Through above cultivation step, interplant and observe after 4 years, observe after statistics and find, through the crop surviving rate of above-mentioned interplanting method output 88.6%, its surviving rate height, the incidence of insect pest is low, wherein also rate 1.56%, tealeaves just can be plucked after 4 years, walnut and sealwort, the annual tealeaves of peasant household can have the income of about 7000 units, the every per mu yield walnut 1000kg of walnut, the every per mu yield 180kg of sealwort, the relative kind plantation of its income, increase significantly, and the consumption of agricultural chemicals is little in whole cultivation, without any pesticide residue and environmental pollution.
Based on above-mentioned, this kind of plantation walnut, the interplanting method of tea tree and sealwort, following walnut, when tea tree and the plantation feature of sealwort own, through test repeatedly, obtain the interplanting method of above-mentioned the best, this interplanting method has given full play to the effect of each farm crop, sealwort and tea tree on the young growth of walnut is sowed, walnut both can be sheltered from heat or light for tea tree and sealwort, also sealwort and tea tree are had the effect of pest control, tea tree and sealwort have can for walnut growth provide needed for nutrient, three interacts, mutual reciprocity and mutual benefit, define good stereo ecological planting system, not only make use of soil fully, there is again good ecological economy benefit, by rational interplanting, expand the source of income, peasant is enable to obtain obvious economic return faster, further reduction planting cost in earlier stage.
Claims (5)
1. the stereo ecological planting method of a walnut, it is characterised in that: comprise the following steps:
Selection of land is wholely: select the gradient 10～25 °, be rich in soil ulmin, have abundant water resources, irrigation and drainage are convenient, soil layer is plump, micro-acid is to the mountain region of neutrality, January soil carry out deep ploughing more than 50cm, in conjunction with deep ploughing every mu of sheep excrement 2000～3000kg executing to become thoroughly decomposed, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 100～200kg and calcium superphosphate 30～50kg is as base manure, and after expropriation of land, tall bamboos save ditch or field bund;
The plantation of walnut: in late Febuary, first select walnut seedling disease-free, the high 0.8～1m of well developed root system, field planting cave is dug by the planting density of line-spacing 8～10mm, spacing in the rows 6～7 meters, field planting cave is dug and is inserted at the bottom of cave by special for walnut fertilizer afterwards, then walnut seedling dips in the mud being mixed with root-inducing powder, and puts into the bottom in field planting cave, limit earthing, while step on tight, step on tight after water thin excrement water 1 time, water permeable after plantation walnut seedling interplanting tea tree in the ranks;
The plantation of tea tree: in October, first select that root beard and hair reaches, the tea shoot of robust growth, bracing wire on vacant lot in the middle of two row walnut seedlings, dig the dark field planting hole of 50～60cm by the spacing in the rows of 1～2m, the field planting hole of its tea shoot and the field planting cave staggered arrangement of walnut seedling, and then apply the tea tree fertilizer of 10～15kg by often hole in field planting hole, again tea shoot is put into field planting hole, limit earthing, while step on tight, steps on after tightly and waters thin excrement water 1 time;
The plantation of sealwort: the March of the 2nd year, after the empty site preparation and fertilization in the centre planting walnut and tea tree, walnut and tea tree in the ranks, distance both sides walnut and tea tree 50～60cm place, by the planting density bunch planting sealwort seed of line-spacing 30～40cm, spacing in the rows 70～80cm, every bunch planting 5～10;
Field management:
A: after peach transplant survival, will often pull out weeds, rainy season will anti-ponding, after walnut grows to 1～2m, it is necessary to walnut is carried out Pruning and rectifying, keep walnut transmittance more than 30%;
B: the 3～May of the 2nd year after tea shoot is transplanted, adopt natural open centre shape training type that tea shoot is carried out shaping, trunk retains 5～7 major branches, growth hormone is smeared at the opening position cut after pruning, prune every year later, cutting tree crown top layer 5～8cm, being beneficial to germinate produces shoot, and tea tree sprays after pruning the foliage fertilizer of 2～3 times every time;
C: sealwort happiness is cloudy is afraid of strong illumination, after sealwort is emerged and the annual sprout growth phase need to shelter from heat or light, now, the walnut of plantation and tea tree can meet the illumination of own growth, can be sheltered from heat or light by the seedling of sealwort again;
D: hereafter, in annual October, after walnut fallen leaves and sealwort stem stalk are withered, need first to fall leaves whole broken with sealwort stem stalk by the walnut dropped in ground, and then apply farm manure 4000～5000kg and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 100～150kg on its every mu, surface, thin excrement water is adopted it to be irrigated after fertilising, after irrigating, hoe loosens the soil, and expand the tree dish around walnut and tea tree, fertilising with pouring after, again the stalk paving of buying sprinkled with liming is sprinkling upon on the vacant lot between walnut and tea tree, carry out the preventing and controlling of rich water quality management and disease and pest, during this period, also need to irrigate 2～5 times with thin excrement water,
Gather: adopting the walnut of three-dimensional planting interplanting can bear fruit for 3～4 years, tea tree can pluck tealeaves in 4～5 years, and sealwort can be gathered for 3 years.
2. the stereo ecological planting method of a kind of walnut according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in stepIn, described tea tree fertilizer is made up of the raw material of following weight part: 300～600 parts, cake fertilizer, fowl and animal excrement 200～500 parts, 100～300 parts, vinasse, selenium enriched yeast 50～100 parts, EM bacterium liquid 10～20 parts, plant ash 10～20 parts, humic acids 15～30 parts, 5～10 parts, zinc sulfate, 5～10 parts, magnesium sulfate.
3. the stereo ecological planting method of a kind of walnut according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: stepIn, the special fertilizer of described walnut adopts poultry, poultry manure to mix in the ratio of 1～1:2 with vegetable mould, and spontaneous fermentation is obtained after 3～5 months.
4. the stereo ecological planting method of a kind of walnut according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in stepIn, disease and pest.
5. the stereo ecological planting method of a kind of walnut according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in stepIn, after sealwort is gathered, when again carrying out bunch planting, the distance of its sealwort distance both sides tea tree and walnut should corresponding increase.
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| CN106234106A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2016-12-21 | 南华县中和农业开发有限公司 | A kind of walnut interplants fabaceous method |
| CN106258336A (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2017-01-04 | 广西盛元现代林业科技有限公司 | A kind of method of Semen Juglandis interplanting |
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| CN107926447A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-04-20 | 登封市绿奥农林科技有限公司 | A kind of method of mountain bridge circulation plantation raising |
| CN108299084A (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2018-07-20 | 孝感市鲁建农业开发有限公司 | A kind of walnut implantation methods rich in various trace elements |
| CN108496730A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-09-07 | 云南省农业科学院药用植物研究所 | A kind of method that underwood planting P. kingianum is resistant to lodging |
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