CN105052664A - Oil tea and walnut interplanting method - Google Patents
Oil tea and walnut interplanting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105052664A CN105052664A CN201510587008.7A CN201510587008A CN105052664A CN 105052664 A CN105052664 A CN 105052664A CN 201510587008 A CN201510587008 A CN 201510587008A CN 105052664 A CN105052664 A CN 105052664A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
Abstract
The invention discloses an oil tea and walnut interplanting method, and relates to the technical field of economic forestry planting. The planting process includes the first step of forest land selection, the second step of forest land preparation, the third step of the large-surface soil improvement, the fourth step of the small-surface soil improvement, the fifth step of interplanting planting, the sixth step of forest management, the seventh step of trimming and the eighth step of other management. The step of the large-surface soil improvement includes the substeps of firstly, mixing materials of a soil improvement agent; secondly, preparing the soil improvement agent; thirdly, using the soil improvement agent. The step of interplanting includes the substeps of firstly, selecting seedlings including large walnut seedlings and oil tea saplings; secondly, digging pits in the small surface; thirdly, digging pits in the large surface; fourthly, conducting transplanting, wherein the walnut seedlings and the oil tea saplings are transplanted. The step of forest management includes the substeps of firstly, conducting walnut young forest management, wherein thinning, spring beginning fertilizer applying and autumn and winter fertilizer applying are conducted; secondly, conducting oil tea young forest belt management, wherein spring fertilizer applying and autumn topdressing are conducted. The method has the advantages of being high in yield, good in product quality and the like, and is suitable for newly planted oil tea and walnuts in barren hills which have the gradient within 20 degrees and are suitable for afforestation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to economic forestry planting technology field, particularly plant method between a kind of oil tea and walnut.
Background technology
Oil tea (CamelliaoleiferaAbel) is the distinctive oil plants of China, and the tea oil that its fruit extract is important natural green organic health edible oil.Walnut (Juglansregia) is the important woody oleiferous plants of China, its Semen Juglandis has kidney tonifying temperature lung, the effect relaxed bowel, can be used in treatment decline of kidney-YANG, pain in the back flaccidity of lower limbs, lung kidney deficiency, the cold of insufficiency type breathed with cough, chronic cough of deficiency lung, asthma, frequent urination, all diseases of the dry constipation of intestines.
At present, the plantation of oil tea and walnut, mostly takes the mode of plantation separately, causes the biological single of forest land, and sick worm harm increases.
It is reported, the Chun Beidiqu in Zhejiang Province had once carried out the cultivation of cathay hickory interplanting oil tea, and its major technique comprises: one, forest land is selected, and two, reasonable disposition, three, scientic planting, three, tending management.
Disclosed " a kind of day lily of Chinese patent (number of patent application is 201410380083.1), lily, the interplanting method of cathay hickory and oil tea ", select ready day lily, lily, cathay hickory and oil tea seedling post, then dig pit on planting site, by day lily, lily and cathay hickory are putting into hole, first cover with yellow soil, cover one deck fine earth thereon again, described oil tea is then enter in soil by oil tea blade oblique cutting, and with hand by tight, water once permeable, interplanting can be completed, this kind of interplanting method, each crop growth conditions is good, survival rate is high, output is good, good in economic efficiency.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide that a kind of output is high, kind technology between the oil tea of superior product quality and walnut.
For achieving the above object, the technical measures that the present invention takes are kind methods between a kind of oil tea of invention and walnut, and its planting process is as follows:
(i), forest land is selected:
Select the slope gradient at 10-20 °, on the sunny side, height above sea level less than 800 meters, the deserted mountain suitable for afforestation of the sand that the soil is porous is as a kind forest land;
(ii), forest land arranges:
Plant forest land between inciting somebody to action, output the wide face, large railway carriage or compartment of 7.0-12m respectively with east-west direction, in face, large railway carriage or compartment, output the wide face, little railway carriage or compartment of 3.5-4.5m every 7-9m with North and South direction; Spacing between face, adjacent large railway carriage or compartment is 1.0-2.5m, and at limit, the railway carriage or compartment ridging of lower, is highly 30-45cm, then, along domatic leveling;
(iii), large face, railway carriage or compartment soil melioration:
(1), soil conditioner batching:
Get following raw material for standby respectively by weight:
(2), soil conditioner preparation:
1. leaf is deposited in moist shady and cool corner, process to when having sour taste to send, then is laid in dry ground, dries 3-5 days, becomes process leaf;
2. husk, tea seed episperm are deposited in that relative moisture is 90-95%, room temperature is under the environment of 12-18 DEG C, process 6-10 days, is then ground into 30-60 order particle, becomes process husk, process tea seed episperm;
3. by above-mentioned process leaf, process husk, process tea seed episperm and farm organic fertilizer mixing, temperature 15-25 DEG C, under the environment of relative moisture 70-85%, process 25-40 days, then squeeze and filter, collect filtrate and filter residue respectively;
4. above-mentioned mineral salt, ferrous sulfate, polyacrylamide are dropped in filtrate, be stirred to and dissolve completely, become soil conditioner A; By filter residue and the mixing of above-mentioned peat, become soil conditioner B;
(3), soil conditioner uses:
According to the usage ratio of 300-480kg/667 ㎡, soil conditioner B is evenly imposed on ground, face, large railway carriage or compartment, then plough deeply forest land, naturally keep 30-60 days; Again by soil conditioner A and clear water according to (6-9): the part by weight furnishing mixed material of 1, and be sprinkled in soil by the usage ratio of 600-700kg/667 ㎡, then plough deeply and cultivate multiple, maintenance 20-32 days, becomes face, soil melioration large railway carriage or compartment naturally;
(iv), little railway carriage or compartment face soil melioration:
10-15 days before digging cave, joins face, little railway carriage or compartment soil conditioner in the water of 5-10 times of weight, stirs evenly, become face, little railway carriage or compartment soil conditioner water and mix liquid, and be spilled into by the usage ratio of 8-15kg/ ㎡ in the soil in face, little railway carriage or compartment, and loose table soil, become face, soil melioration little railway carriage or compartment;
(v), a kind plantation:
(1), select seedling:
1., walnut seedlings are selected: late September then, in walnut seedlings nursery, select sapling diameter 0.75-1.5cm, main root length 10-18cm and have the Juglans that 1-2 grows new axillalry bud; When digging out, retain complete side coring, main root cuts off 1/3-1/2, then sapling is put into sposh water, becomes and waits to transplant Juglans;
2., oil tea sapling is selected: late September then, in oil tea sapling nursery, selection height of seedling 60-120cm, main root length are 20-35cm, and the oil tea sapling having new axillalry bud to grow then, with the seedling soil cultivated by seedling soil: seedling=(5-10): dig out together with the part by weight of 1, become and wait to transplant oil tea seedling;
(2), Mian Wa cave, little railway carriage or compartment:
In the middle of face, soil melioration little railway carriage or compartment, the plantation ditch of wide 20-30cm, dark 5-10cm is opened along North and South direction, and cave is dug in ditch, cave spacing in the rows is 2-3m, and cave is 8-12 times, the cave wide 6-8 for furrow width times of ditch depth deeply, simultaneously, at the bottom of cave, fill the thick soil conditioner A of 1-1.5cm, and fill with to 1/3 of cave volume with water, keep 8-12 days, before transplantation at the bottom of loose cave, become walnut planting hole;
(3), large Mian Wa cave, railway carriage or compartment:
In face, soil melioration large railway carriage or compartment, the specification excavation oil tea planting hole of hole pressing line-spacing 3.5-4.5m, cave spacing in the rows 2-3m, the wide 60-70cm in cave, the dark 60-80cm in cave;
(4), transplant:
1., Juglans is transplanted: before transplanting, cut off the blade of waiting to transplant below the new axillalry bud of Juglans 1/3-1/2, and will the fibrous root of otch be had to coat the root-growing agent solution of 35-50ppm in incision, then transplant in walnut planting hole by 2/cave; After transplanting, first fill bottom with woods soil, thickness is the dark 35-45% in cave; Continue to fill with walnut cultivating soil again, thickness is the dark 35-45% in cave; Then the space of walnut planting hole remainder is filled up with woods soil, and compacting; Then water in plantation ditch, the degree of depth is the 1/3-1/2 of ditch depth, after water infiltrates, plantation ditch woods soil is filled and led up; Meanwhile, making along the root of transplanting Juglans the micro-ridge that the gradient is 5-10 °, becoming walnut young growth band;
2., oil tea transplantation of seedlings: before transplanting, cut off whole cotyledons of waiting to transplant the next year life of below the new axillalry bud of oil tea seedling, and will the fibrous root of otch be had to coat the root-growing agent solution of 35-50ppm in incision, then enter in oil tea planting hole by 1/dibbling, be covered with woods soil, irrigate normal root water, then be spilled into by the usage ratio of 0.1-0.15kg/ the limewash that weight concentration is 5-15% to soil surface, become oil tea young growth band;
(vi), forest management:
(1), walnut young growth band management:
1., seedling thinning: in spring next year, select excellent to the transplanting Juglans in each walnut planting hole, keep 1/cave;
2. fertilizer in the beginning of spring, is executed: after seedling thinning, urea 0.15-0.3kg/ is executed to transplanting Juglans root, to the fertile 4-10kg/667 ㎡ of face, little railway carriage or compartment pod set, farmyard manure 65-90kg/667 ㎡, after 6-10 days, the sodium carbonate liquor 50-75ml/ that weight concentration is 1-5% is executed to root, and loose table soil;
3., execute autumn and winter fertilizer: in early October, by face, little railway carriage or compartment table soil loosening, then the pig manure 200-300kg/667 ㎡ that becomes thoroughly decomposed is executed to face, little railway carriage or compartment soil;
(2), oil tea young growth band management:
1., Shi Yingchun is fertile: in spring next year, to transplanting, oil tea shoot root portion executes urea 0.2-0.45kg/, executes the potash fertilizer solution 120-200ml/ that weight concentration is 25-40%; After 10-15 days, then execute fermentation dregs of a decoction 10-15kg/; Meanwhile, the ditch digging wide 8-12cm, dark 8-16cm in the ranks on face, large railway carriage or compartment, imbeds the applicating ratio of decomposed dung by 80-120kg/ ditch in ditch, then covers with soil;
2., Shi Qiu topdresses: in late October, by face, large railway carriage or compartment table soil loosening, and according to the fertile the same method of Shi Yingchun and consumption, then execute decomposed dung;
(vii), prune: annual early March and early October prune, and the leak tightness in walnut woods maintains 40-60%, and the leak tightness in camellia oleifera lam remains on 35-50%, is beneficial to ventilation and penetrating light;
(viii), other management: other management is all undertaken by the general planting method of walnut and oil tea; After 4-5, namely enter the full bearing period.
Described mineral salt comprise in sodium sulphate, sodium chloride, zinc sulphate, magnesium chloride, calcium sulphate one or more, when for more than two kinds, weight portion or other ratio such as to the ratio of each component is.
Described farm organic fertilizer can be common farmyard manure or fertilizer, also can be by farmyard manure: fertilizer: clear water mixes according to the part by weight of (4-6): 1:2.
Described face, little railway carriage or compartment soil conditioner can be sodium bicarbonate or sodium phosphate or tea shell ash, also can be by sodium bicarbonate: sodium phosphate: tea shell ash mixes according to the part by weight of (3-5): 0.8:1.2.
Described walnut cultivating soil can be mellow soil or woodland table soil, also can be to be mixed by the part by weight of 1:1 by soil conditioner B and woods soil.
The described fermentation dregs of a decoction be in mulberry leaf, centella, the Radix Astragali, glossy ganoderma, the root of herbaceous peony, Momordica grosvenori one or more through extract after the dregs of a decoction, then through fermentation form; When for time two or more, the ratio of each component is equal portions or other ratio.
Described wheat bran is the wheat bran through fermentation process.
Described peat refers to the peat of the content of organic matter more than 40%.
Described woods soil is the table soil in forest land.
Described farmyard manure is the fecaluria of body discharges in daily life.
Described fertilizer is commercially available fertilizer (comprising all kinds).
Described potash fertilizer is saleratus fertilizer.
The described pig manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed is the pig manure through fermentation process.
Described tea shell ash is the ash content of oil tea shell after burning.
Described tea seed episperm is the shell of tea seed.
Described husk is the shell of paddy or flat paddy.
Method is planted between oil tea of the present invention and walnut, have employed multiple fertilizer, and soil is improved, the bioactivators such as the Tea Saponin in addition contained by oil tea, have certain inhibitory action to damage by disease and insect, the oil tea planted between making and walnut growth bring out the best in each other, thus, its output is higher, and the quality of product is also better.
Plant method between oil tea of the present invention and walnut, once carried out comparative trial in the district such as Lingling District, Lengshuitan District of Yongzhou City, Hubei Province, table 1 is below experimental control data:
Table 1
(note: in upper table, between the test oil tea in same district and walnut, elite stand is substantially close with the land occupation condition, soil, liquid manure, blockclimate etc. contrasting elite stand between oil tea and walnut, seedling is same kind, between test oil tea and walnut, elite stand adopts method of the present invention to plant, and between contrast oil tea and walnut, elite stand adopts conventional method plantation).
As can be seen from Table 1, apply the elite stand between oil tea and walnut that between oil tea of the present invention and walnut, kind method is planted, after plantation, the output of oil tea and walnut is apparently higher than elite stand between the oil tea adopting conventional method to plant and walnut.
Table 2 is below that the effective ingredient of the tea oil that produces of comparative trial and Semen Juglandis detects data (100 grams of content):
Table 2
As can be seen from Table 2, apply the elite stand between oil tea and walnut that between oil tea of the present invention and walnut, kind method is planted, the Main Ingredients and Appearance content of the oil tea produced and walnut contrasts apparently higher than planting between oil tea with walnut the oil tea and walnut that woods produces.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.Explanation is below the mode exemplified, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Plant method between the oil tea of the present embodiment and walnut, its planting process is as follows:
(i), auxiliaries:
(1), farm organic fertilizer preparation:
Get respectively by weight: farmyard manure 5 parts, fertilizer 1 part, 5 parts, clear water, mix, obtain farm organic fertilizer, for subsequent use.
(2), face, little railway carriage or compartment soil conditioner preparation:
Get respectively by weight: sodium bicarbonate 4 parts, sodium phosphate 0.8 part, tea shell ash 1.2 parts, mix, face, little railway carriage or compartment soil conditioner, for subsequent use.
(3), walnut cultivating soil preparation:
Get respectively by weight: soil conditioner B1 part, 1 part, woods soil, mix, obtain walnut cultivating soil, for subsequent use.
(ii), plant:
(1), forest land is selected:
Select the gradient at 10-20 °, on the sunny side, height above sea level less than 800 meters, the deserted mountain suitable for afforestation of the sand that the soil is porous is as a kind forest land;
(2), forest land arranges:
A kind forest land is removed butt and the weeds of forest or shrub, output the wide face, large railway carriage or compartment of 10m respectively with east-west direction, in face, large railway carriage or compartment, output the wide face, little railway carriage or compartment of 4m every 8m with North and South direction; Spacing between face, adjacent large railway carriage or compartment is 2m, and at limit, the railway carriage or compartment ridging of lower, is highly 40cm, then, by ground along domatic leveling;
(3), large face, railway carriage or compartment soil melioration:
1., soil conditioner batching:
Get following raw material for standby respectively by weight:
2., soil conditioner preparation:
A, the leaf leaf of wooden graminaceous plant (this example adopt) is deposited in moist shady and cool corner, process to when having sour taste to send, then is laid in dry ground, dries 4 days, becomes process leaf;
B, husk, tea seed episperm be deposited in relative moisture is 92%, room temperature is, under the environment of 15 DEG C, process 8 days, be then ground into 45 order particles, become process husk, process tea seed episperm;
C, by above-mentioned process leaf, process husk, process tea seed episperm and farm organic fertilizer mixing, under the environment of temperature 20 DEG C, relative moisture 75%, process 32 days, then squeeze and filter, collection filtrate and filter residue respectively;
D, above-mentioned mineral salt, ferrous sulfate, polyacrylamide to be dropped in filtrate, be stirred to and dissolve completely, become soil conditioner A; By filter residue and the mixing of above-mentioned peat, become soil conditioner B;
3., soil conditioner uses:
According to the usage ratio of 400kg/667 ㎡, soil conditioner B is evenly imposed on ground, face, large railway carriage or compartment, then plough deeply forest land (deep-cutting 55cm), naturally keep 45 days; Again by soil conditioner A and the clear water part by weight furnishing mixed material according to 8:1, and be sprinkled in soil by the usage ratio of 650kg/667 ㎡, then plough deeply (deep-cutting 55cm) and cultivate multiple, maintenance 28 days, becomes face, soil melioration large railway carriage or compartment naturally;
(4), little railway carriage or compartment face soil melioration:
Digging cave first 12 days, face, little railway carriage or compartment soil conditioner is being joined in the water of 8 times of weight, stirs evenly, become face, little railway carriage or compartment soil conditioner water and mix liquid, and be spilled into by the usage ratio of 12kg/ ㎡ in the soil in face, soil melioration little railway carriage or compartment, and loose table soil, become face, soil melioration little railway carriage or compartment;
(5), a kind plantation:
1., seedling is selected:
A, walnut seedlings are selected: late September then, in walnut seedlings nursery, select sapling diameter 1-1.2cm, main root length 15cm and have the Juglans that 1-2 grows new axillalry bud; When digging out, retain complete side coring, main root cuts off 1/3, and the seedling soil dug is advisable to cover all fibrous roots, and slightly compacting, then puts into sposh water by sapling, becomes and waits to transplant Juglans;
B, oil tea sapling are selected: late September then, in oil tea sapling nursery, selection height of seedling 90cm, main root length are 25cm, and the oil tea sapling having new axillalry bud to grow then, with the seedling soil cultivated by seedling soil: dig out together with the part by weight of seedling=8:1, become and wait to transplant oil tea seedling;
2., Mian Wa cave, little railway carriage or compartment:
In the middle of face, soil melioration little railway carriage or compartment, the plantation ditch of wide 25cm, dark 8cm is opened along North and South direction, and cave is dug in ditch, cave spacing in the rows is 2.5m, and cave is 10 times of ditch depth deeply, wide for furrow width 7 times in cave, simultaneously, at the bottom of cave, fill the thick soil conditioner A of 1.2cm, and fill with to 1/3 of cave volume with water, keep 10 days, before transplantation at the bottom of loose cave, become walnut planting hole;
3., large Mian Wa cave, railway carriage or compartment:
In face, soil melioration large railway carriage or compartment, the specification excavation oil tea planting hole of hole pressing line-spacing 4m, cave spacing in the rows 2.5m, the wide 65cm in cave, the dark 70cm in cave;
4., transplant:
A, Juglans are transplanted: before transplanting, cut off the blade of waiting to transplant below the new axillalry bud of Juglans 1/2, and will the fibrous root of otch be had to coat the root-growing agent solution of 40ppm in incision, then transplant in walnut planting hole by 2/cave; After transplanting, first with woods soil fill bottom, thickness be cave dark 40%; Continue to fill with walnut cultivating soil again, thickness be cave dark 40%; Then the space of walnut planting hole remainder is filled up with woods soil, and compacting; Then water in plantation ditch, the degree of depth is 1/3 of ditch depth, after water infiltrates, plantation ditch woods soil is filled and led up; Meanwhile, making along the root of transplanting Juglans the micro-ridge that the gradient is 5-10 °, be convenient to root prevention waterlogging, becoming walnut young growth band;
2., oil tea transplantation of seedlings: before transplanting, cut off whole cotyledons of waiting to transplant the next year life of below the new axillalry bud of oil tea seedling, and will the fibrous root of otch be had to coat the root-growing agent solution of 40ppm in incision, then enter in oil tea planting hole by 1/dibbling, be covered with woods soil, irrigate normal root water, then be spilled into by the usage ratio of 0.12kg/ the limewash that weight concentration is 10% to soil surface, become oil tea young growth band;
(be equivalent to the every two row oil teas of plantation and press from both sides a line walnut.)
(6), forest management:
1., walnut young growth band management:
A, seedling thinning: spring next year, select excellent to the transplanting Juglans in each walnut planting hole, and the good sapling of growth selection situation carries out continuation and cultivates, and is dug out by inferior sapling; When the sapling that the walnut root in every cave starts to decay or leaf starts the situations such as jaundice all replaces with new walnut sapling, and undertaken, for planting, after completing, keeping 1/cave by above-mentioned method for planting;
B, execute fertilizer in the beginning of spring: after seedling thinning, urea 0.2kg/ is executed to transplanting Juglans root, to the fertile 8kg/667 ㎡ of face, little railway carriage or compartment pod set, farmyard manure 80kg/667 ㎡, after 8 days, the sodium carbonate liquor 60ml/ that weight concentration is 4% is executed to root, and loose table soil;
C, execute autumn and winter fertilizer: in early October, by face, little railway carriage or compartment table soil loosening (degree of depth 12cm), and fallen leaves are buried in the earth, then the pig manure 250kg/667 ㎡ that becomes thoroughly decomposed are executed to face, little railway carriage or compartment soil;
2., oil tea young growth band management:
A, Shi Yingchun are fertile: spring next year, first having root the oil tea sapling of the phenomenons such as rotten, poor growth, leaf flavescence to carry out for planting, after completing, transplanting oil tea shoot root portion being executed to urea 0.35kg/, executing the potash fertilizer solution 150ml/ that weight concentration is 35%; After 12 days, then execute fermentation dregs of a decoction 12kg/; Meanwhile, the ditch (North and South direction) digging wide 10cm, dark 12cm in the ranks on face, large railway carriage or compartment, imbeds the applicating ratio of decomposed dung by 100kg/ ditch in ditch, then covers with soil;
B, Shi Qiu topdress: in late October, by face, large railway carriage or compartment table soil loosening (degree of depth 12cm), and are buried in the earth by the yellow leaf fallen, and according to the fertile the same method of Shi Yingchun and consumption, then execute decomposed dung;
(7), prune: annual early March and early October prune, old, weak, withered, the sick branch in removing woodland plant; Leak tightness in walnut woods maintains 50%, and the leak tightness in camellia oleifera lam remains on 40%, is beneficial to ventilation and penetrating light;
(8), other management: other management is all undertaken by the general planting method of walnut and oil tea; After 4-5, namely enter the full bearing period.
Plant method between oil tea of the present invention and walnut, being applicable to the gradient is that oil tea and walnut are newly planted in deserted mountain suitable for afforestation within 20 °.
Claims (6)
1. plant a method between oil tea and walnut, it is characterized in that planting process is as follows:
(i), forest land is selected:
Select deserted mountain suitable for afforestation as a kind forest land;
(ii), forest land arranges:
Plant forest land between inciting somebody to action, output the wide face, large railway carriage or compartment of 7.0-12m respectively with east-west direction, in face, large railway carriage or compartment, output the wide face, little railway carriage or compartment of 3.5-4.5m every 7-9m with North and South direction; Spacing between face, adjacent large railway carriage or compartment is 1.0-2.5m, and at limit, the railway carriage or compartment ridging of lower, is highly 30-45cm, then, along domatic leveling;
(iii), large face, railway carriage or compartment soil melioration:
(1), soil conditioner batching:
Get following raw material for standby respectively by weight:
Leaf 35-45 mineral salt 1.5-3.5 husk 5-10
Farm organic fertilizer 20-35 ferrous sulfate 0.5-2.5 peat 20-35
Polyacrylamide 0.1-1.2 tea seed episperm 15-30;
(2), soil conditioner preparation:
1. leaf is deposited in moist shady and cool corner, process to when having sour taste to send, then is laid in dry ground, dries 3-5 days, becomes process leaf;
2. husk, tea seed episperm are deposited in that relative moisture is 90-95%, room temperature is under the environment of 12-18 DEG C, process 6-10 days, is then ground into 30-60 order particle, becomes process husk, process tea seed episperm;
3. by above-mentioned process leaf, process husk, process tea seed episperm and farm organic fertilizer mixing, temperature 15-25 DEG C, under the environment of relative moisture 70-85%, process 25-40 days, then squeeze and filter, collect filtrate and filter residue respectively;
4. above-mentioned mineral salt, ferrous sulfate, polyacrylamide are dropped in filtrate, be stirred to and dissolve completely, become soil conditioner A; By filter residue and the mixing of above-mentioned peat, become soil conditioner B;
(3), soil conditioner uses:
According to the usage ratio of 300-480kg/667 ㎡, soil conditioner B is evenly imposed on ground, face, large railway carriage or compartment, then plough deeply forest land, naturally keep 30-60 days; Again by soil conditioner A and clear water according to (6-9): the part by weight furnishing mixed material of 1, and be sprinkled in soil by the usage ratio of 600-700kg/667 ㎡, then plough deeply and cultivate multiple, maintenance 20-32 days, becomes face, soil melioration large railway carriage or compartment naturally;
(iv), little railway carriage or compartment face soil melioration:
10-15 days before digging cave, joins face, little railway carriage or compartment soil conditioner in the water of 5-10 times of weight, stirs evenly, become face, little railway carriage or compartment soil conditioner water and mix liquid, and be spilled into by the usage ratio of 8-15kg/ ㎡ in the soil in face, little railway carriage or compartment, and loose table soil, become face, soil melioration little railway carriage or compartment;
(v), a kind plantation:
(1), select seedling:
1., walnut seedlings are selected: late September then, in walnut seedlings nursery, select sapling diameter 0.75-1.5cm, main root length 10-18cm and have the Juglans that 1-2 grows new axillalry bud; When digging out, retain complete side coring, main root cuts off 1/3-1/2, then sapling is put into sposh water, becomes and waits to transplant Juglans;
2., oil tea sapling is selected: late September then, in oil tea sapling nursery, selection height of seedling 60-120cm, main root length are 20-35cm, and the oil tea sapling having new axillalry bud to grow then, with the seedling soil cultivated by seedling soil: seedling=(5-10): dig out together with the part by weight of 1, become and wait to transplant oil tea seedling;
(2), Mian Wa cave, little railway carriage or compartment:
In the middle of face, soil melioration little railway carriage or compartment, the plantation ditch of wide 20-30cm, dark 5-10cm is opened along North and South direction, and cave is dug in ditch, cave spacing in the rows is 2-3m, and cave is 8-12 times, the cave wide 6-8 for furrow width times of ditch depth deeply, simultaneously, at the bottom of cave, fill the thick soil conditioner A of 1-1.5cm, and fill with to 1/3 of cave volume with water, keep 8-12 days, before transplantation at the bottom of loose cave, become walnut planting hole;
(3), large Mian Wa cave, railway carriage or compartment:
In face, soil melioration large railway carriage or compartment, the specification excavation oil tea planting hole of hole pressing line-spacing 3.5-4.5m, cave spacing in the rows 2-3m, the wide 60-70cm in cave, the dark 60-80cm in cave;
(4), transplant:
1., Juglans is transplanted: before transplanting, cut off the blade of waiting to transplant below the new axillalry bud of Juglans 1/3-1/2, and will the fibrous root of otch be had to coat the root-growing agent solution of 35-50ppm in incision, then transplant in walnut planting hole by 2/cave; After transplanting, first fill bottom with woods soil, thickness is the dark 35-45% in cave; Continue to fill with walnut cultivating soil again, thickness is the dark 35-45% in cave; Then the space of walnut planting hole remainder is filled up with woods soil, and compacting; Then water in plantation ditch, the degree of depth is the 1/3-1/2 of ditch depth, after water infiltrates, plantation ditch woods soil is filled and led up; Meanwhile, making along the root of transplanting Juglans the micro-ridge that the gradient is 5-10 °, becoming walnut young growth band;
2., oil tea transplantation of seedlings: before transplanting, cut off whole cotyledons of waiting to transplant the next year life of below the new axillalry bud of oil tea seedling, and will the fibrous root of otch be had to coat the root-growing agent solution of 35-50ppm in incision, then enter in oil tea planting hole by 1/dibbling, be covered with woods soil, irrigate normal root water, then be spilled into by the usage ratio of 0.1-0.15kg/ the limewash that weight concentration is 5-15% to soil surface, become oil tea young growth band;
(vi), forest management:
(1), walnut young growth band management:
1., seedling thinning: in spring next year, select excellent to the transplanting Juglans in each walnut planting hole, keep 1/cave;
2. fertilizer in the beginning of spring, is executed: after seedling thinning, urea 0.15-0.3kg/ is executed to transplanting Juglans root, to the fertile 4-10kg/667 ㎡ of face, little railway carriage or compartment pod set, farmyard manure 65-90kg/667 ㎡, after 6-10 days, the sodium carbonate liquor 50-75ml/ that weight concentration is 1-5% is executed to root, and loose table soil;
3., execute autumn and winter fertilizer: in early October, by face, little railway carriage or compartment table soil loosening, then the pig manure 200-300kg/667 ㎡ that becomes thoroughly decomposed is executed to face, little railway carriage or compartment soil;
(2), oil tea young growth band management:
1., Shi Yingchun is fertile: in spring next year, to transplanting, oil tea shoot root portion executes urea 0.2-0.45kg/, executes the potash fertilizer solution 120-200ml/ that weight concentration is 25-40%; After 10-15 days, then execute fermentation dregs of a decoction 10-15kg/; Meanwhile, the ditch digging wide 8-12cm, dark 8-16cm in the ranks on face, large railway carriage or compartment, imbeds the applicating ratio of decomposed dung by 80-120kg/ ditch in ditch, then covers with soil;
2., Shi Qiu topdresses: in late October, by face, large railway carriage or compartment table soil loosening, and according to the fertile the same method of Shi Yingchun and consumption, then execute decomposed dung;
(vii), prune: annual early March and early October prune, and the leak tightness in walnut woods maintains 40-60%, and the leak tightness in camellia oleifera lam remains on 35-50%, is beneficial to ventilation and penetrating light;
(viii), other management: other management is all undertaken by the general planting method of walnut and oil tea; After 4-5, namely enter the full bearing period.
2. plant method between oil tea according to claim 1 and walnut, it is characterized in that: described mineral salt comprise in sodium sulphate, sodium chloride, zinc sulphate, magnesium chloride, calcium sulphate one or more, when for more than two kinds, weight portion or other ratio such as to the ratio of each component is.
3. plant method between oil tea according to claim 2 and walnut, it is characterized in that: described farm organic fertilizer is by farmyard manure: fertilizer: clear water mixes according to the part by weight of (4-6): 1:2.
4. plant method between oil tea according to claim 3 and walnut, it is characterized in that: described face, little railway carriage or compartment soil conditioner is by sodium bicarbonate: sodium phosphate: tea shell ash mixes according to the part by weight of (3-5): 0.8:1.2.
5. plant method between oil tea according to claim 4 and walnut, it is characterized in that: described walnut cultivating soil is mixed by the part by weight of 1:1 by soil conditioner B and woods soil.
6. plant method between oil tea according to claim 5 and walnut, it is characterized in that: the described fermentation dregs of a decoction be in mulberry leaf, centella, the Radix Astragali, glossy ganoderma, the root of herbaceous peony, Momordica grosvenori one or more through extract after the dregs of a decoction, then through fermentation form; When for time two or more, the ratio of each component is equal portions or other ratio.
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